Mice mammalian egg cells adult mammalian cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

Human embryos reach the blastocyst stage 4-5 days post fertilization, at which time they consist of 50-150 cells. (wikipedia.org)
Isolating the inner cell mass (embryoblast) using immunosurgery results in destruction of the blastocyst, a process which raises ethical issues, including whether or not embryos at the pre-implantation stage have the same moral considerations as embryos in the post-implantation stage of development. (wikipedia.org)
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), derived from the blastocyst stage of early mammalian embryos, are distinguished by their ability to differentiate into any embryonic cell type and by their ability to self-renew. (wikipedia.org)
To educate its citizens about research into chimeras made from human and non-human animal cells, the United Kingdom's Human Fertilisation Embryology Authority published the consultation piece Hybrids and Chimeras: A Consultation on the Ethical and Social Implications of Creating Human/Animal Embryos in Research, in 2007. (asu.edu)
The paper "Formation of Genetically Mosaic Mouse Embryos and Early Development of Lethal (t12/t12)-Normal Mosaics," by Beatrice Mintz, describes a technique to fuse two mouse embryos into a single embryo. (asu.edu)
When two embryos are correctly joined before the 32-cell stage, the embryo will develop normally and exhibit a mosaic pattern of cells as an adult. (asu.edu)
My laboratory has developed new technologies and applied them towards understanding the molecular biology and enzymology of DNA replication in animal cells and viruses (SV40, polyomavirus, papillomavirus, and herpes simplex virus), and at the beginning of animal development (mouse preimplantation embryos and frog eggs). (nih.gov)
Martin GR. Isolation of a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos cultured in medium conditioned by teratocarcinoma stem cells. (springer.com)
Establishment in culture of pluripotential cells from mouse embryos. (springer.com)
For his doctoral thesis, Dr. Brinster developed the first reliable in vitro culture system for early mammalian embryos. (avma.org)
Today, this technique continues to form the foundation for research on mammalian embryos, including technologies such as transgenic engineering, embryonic stem cell therapy, human in vitro fertilization, mammalian cloning, and knockout engineering. (avma.org)
Using this method of embryo manipulation, he next worked out many aspects of the metabolism and development of eggs and early embryos. (avma.org)
From there, Dr. Brinster became interested in modifying the development of animals and their germ lines, and he went on to become the first person to show that it was possible to colonize a mouse blastocyst with stem cells from older embryos. (avma.org)
In Dr. Katsuhiko Hayashi's research, 630 embryos were manufactured from the manipulated male stem cell eggs and sperm. (futuresciencenews.com)
The reasoning is that, if IVG proves capable of producing viable eggs in copious amounts, it could allow the production of a large enough number of embryos to allow screening for a wide number of genetic traits, and that could be something many parents might want," he suggests. (futuresciencenews.com)
This also might have explained why cloning is inefficient: only 1-3% of cloned embryos eventually develop into an adult clone. (rupress.org)
Rossant, J. & Vijh, K. M. Ability of outside cells from preimplantation mouse embryos to form inner cell mass derivatives. (nature.com)
This is where stem cells are reverse engineered from adult tissue cells rather than using live human or animal embryos. (scitechdaily.com)
In another article, which was recently published in Nature Cell Biology , researchers from UNSW Medicine & Health revealed the identity of cells in mice embryos responsible for blood stem cell creation. (scitechdaily.com)
Here, we have utilized single-cell methylome and transcriptome sequencing (scM&T-seq) to quantify both mRNA expression and DNA methylation in oocytes and a developmental series of human embryos at single-cell resolution. (babraham.ac.uk)
As working with human embryos comes with many ethical concerns, an important alternative is the mouse model. (ca.gov)
These mice are able to produce eggs normally, so that the eggs can be fertilized, but the resulting embryos, which are otherwise healthy, have problems implanting in the womb -- the last step in conception. (sciencedaily.com)
Often, women will undergo treatments for infertility that range from taking hormones to stimulate ovulation to having their eggs harvested by doctors, fertilized by their partner's sperm outside their bodies, and finally having the early embryos implanted directly into their wombs (the technique of in vitro fertilization). (sciencedaily.com)
Now Chun and his colleagues have discovered a new molecular pathway that influences fertility, at least in mice -- and one that directly affects the ability of mouse embryos to implant in their mother's womb. (sciencedaily.com)
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES Chick Embryos, Cell Cultures, and Treatments Fertilized white Leghorn eggs (treatments and at 15 days for hepatocyte cultures before hatching at 21 days. (ap26113.com)
Patterns are ubiquitous in living systems and underlie the dynamic organization of cells, tissues, and embryos. (mpi-cbg.de)

Establishment of germ-line-competent embryonic stem (ES) cells using differentiation inhibiting activity. (springer.com)
The De Falco lab is interested in uncovering the mechanisms underlying the differentiation of the fetal gonad, focusing on how myeloid cells (such as macrophages) and vasculature promote tissue remodeling during organogenesis. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
Additionally, we are investigating the roles of myeloid cells in regulating spermatogonial stem cell differentiation in the adult testis. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
Mintz, B., 'Gene control of mammalian pigmentary differentiation. (pas.va)
Transferring a terminally differentiated cell nucleus into an egg cell that has had its own nucleus removed wipes away the epigenetic marks of differentiation and allows the nucleus once again to code for any cell type. (rupress.org)
Although we have known about induced pluripotent stem cells since 2006 , researchers still have plenty to learn about how cell differentiation in the human body can be mimicked artificially and safely in the lab for the purposes of delivering targeted medical treatment. (scitechdaily.com)
In addition, TFs generally initiate and guide cell fate such as lineage progression and control the stability of cell differentiation [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The dynamics of RACK1 levels in isolated adult SC of mice, i.e., progressively high during differentiation and low compared to proliferating conditions, and RACK1 silencing indicated that RACK1 promotes both the formation of myotubes and the accretion of nascent myotubes. (sdbonline.org)
The term stem cell can be defined by two very important qualities: the cell has the ability to self-renew and, in a more general sense, the cell has not completed differentiation into its final state. (thefutureofthings.com)
This general definition includes a wide variety of cells with varying degrees of differentiation potential. (thefutureofthings.com)
Therefore, we use a combination of the mouse model and human cells to dissect the molecular basis of stem cell function and differentiation toward adult tissues. (ca.gov)
We have found these small RNAs are essential for normal mammalian development and growth and differentiation of stem cells. (ca.gov)
We have also been studying how microRNAs are used shortly after fertilization first to maintain pluripotency (the ability to make all cells of the body) and then to promote differentiation into what eventually will become all the adult tissues. (ca.gov)
[1] is the differentiation of the ovum (egg cell) into a cell competent to further develop when fertilized. (wikipedia.org)
The sexual differentiation of cell types protects them from the virus-driven theft of quantized energy, which Frohlich linked to the degradation of the cell wall and what is now known about how unicellular bacteria become archaea before they become L-forms. (rna-mediated.com)
Food energy-dependent pheromone-controlled biophysically constrained viral latency keeps egg cells fresh in the context of autophagy and sexual differentiation. (rna-mediated.com)

One locus important in embryogenesis, KIT , has been associated with white coat patterns in several mammalian species and piebaldism in humans. (creation.com)
Although many species produce clonal offspring in this fashion, Dolly, the lamb born in 1996 at a research institute in Scotland, was the first asexually produced mammalian clone. (who.int)
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides with low or no protein-coding potential that have been involved in other species with reproduction, stem cell maintenance, and drug resistance. (bvsalud.org)
Cell damage was assessed using MTT assays, and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release rate and flow cytometry were used to detect the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential respectively. (sdbonline.org)
Type 2 cell-mediated immunity is a general feature of helminth infection regardless of the multivariate sites of colonization of the numerous helminth species [ 11 ] and is conserved from jawed fish to mammals [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Lake, People's Republic of China ( 5 , 6 ), an event heralded try and various mammalian species occurs intermittently. (cdc.gov)
Though smaller and less complex than that of humans, the rat brain is extremely useful as a subject of study because most regions of the brain are essentially the same among mammalian species. (microscopyu.com)
Although PEPCK-C constitutes >95% of the PEPCK in mouse and rat liver, livers of humans and many other mammalian species have equal amounts of both forms (6). (ap26113.com)
Chick PEPCK-C declines through the embryonic period, and adult chick liver contains only PEPCK-M. However, the two forms are present to similar extents in the CE during the week before hatching BAY 57-9352 (22C24), the age used in our studies, making the CE more representative of the human than typical rodent mammalian species with respect to distribution of the two forms. (ap26113.com)

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, an early-stage pre-implantation embryo. (wikipedia.org)
Rapid cell division allows the cells to quickly grow in number, but not size, which is important for early embryo development. (wikipedia.org)
The processes of gametogenesis, egg maturation, embryo implantation, and gonad development, cellular processes that are prime targets for new contraceptive methods and infertility treatments. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
She produced chimeric mice (which she at first termed 'allophenic') by inclusion of two genetically different cells in the early mouse embryo, thereby revealing the clonal organization. (pas.va)
found that mouse teratocarcinoma stem cells developed normally in a normal embryo environment. (pas.va)
Cracking the egg: molecular dynamics and evolutionary aspects of the transition from the fully grown oocyte to embryo. (nih.gov)
The mechanisms underlying the appearance of asymmetry between cells in the early embryo and consequently the specification of distinct cell lineages during mammalian development remain elusive. (nature.com)
These findings can be integrated in a new unified framework that regards the early mammalian embryo as a self-organizing system. (nature.com)
Figure 1: Classic models for lineage segregation in the early mouse embryo. (nature.com)
Louvet-Vallee, S., Vinot, S. & Maro, B. Mitotic spindles and cleavage planes are oriented randomly in the two-cell mouse embryo. (nature.com)
Piotrowska, K. & Zernicka-Goetz, M. Role for sperm in spatial patterning of the early mouse embryo. (nature.com)
Totipotent Stem Cells They can become all of the cells of the human body, as well as the cells of the embryo and developing fetus. (careersoudan29.com)
the 2-cell (2C) stage embryo are truly totipotent cells. (careersoudan29.com)
The thing that just wows me about this is that blood stem cells, when they form in the embryo, form in the wall of the main vessel called the aorta. (scitechdaily.com)
We examine how epigenetic states are set up in oocytes - or egg cells - and influence gene expression in the embryo. (babraham.ac.uk)
Single-cell multi-omic analysis profiles defective genome activation and epigenetic reprogramming associated with human pre-implantation embryo arrest. (babraham.ac.uk)
The early mammalian embryo consists of the extra-embryonic cell layers-the trophoblast and a body of cells called the inner cell mass (ICM), which eventually become the embryo proper. (thefutureofthings.com)
The best way to reach that goal is to understand the relationships between these cells that grow in a culture dish in the laboratory and the equivalent cells in the developing embryo. (ca.gov)
Finally, the fertilized egg must become a viable embryo and implant in the uterus. (sciencedaily.com)
One issue may be that once a woman's egg is fertilized and made into an embryo, it must descend to the womb and implant there, where it will grow into a fetus. (sciencedaily.com)
Zernicka-Goetz's work is both incredibly practical and astonishingly vast: her groundbreaking experiments with mouse, human, and artificial embryo models give hope to how more women can sustain viable pregnancies. (hachettebookgroup.com)
When this creation story is examined from the viewpoint of a human, who can struggle simply coordinating calendars to meet a few friends on a Saturday night, it is extraordinary how an embryo with no brain, consisting of a single cell, manages to divide and grow to become the most complex sentient being that we know of. (hachettebookgroup.com)

Eggs are formed from progenitor germ cells that exit the mitotic cycle, thereby ending their ability to proliferate through cell division, and subsequently enter meiosis, a process unique to the formation of eggs and sperm which removes one half of the genetic material from each type of cell prior to fertilization. (science20.com)
2. They are formed after the fertilization of an egg cell by a sperm cell. (careersoudan29.com)
As well as genetic information, the egg and sperm also contribute epigenetic annotations that may influence gene activity after fertilisation. (babraham.ac.uk)
During pre-implantation stages of mammalian development, maternally stored material promotes both the erasure of the sperm and oocyte epigenetic profiles and is responsible for concomitant genome activation. (babraham.ac.uk)
New evidence in mice suggests that cells expressing the transcription factor FOXC2 may form a reservoir of quiescent stem cells that contributes to sperm formation. (elifesciences.org)
This involves spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) dividing to form undifferentiated spermatogonia (uSPGs), which then progress through the meiotic and haploid phases of spermatogenesis to form mature sperm ( de Rooij, 1998 ). (elifesciences.org)
This revealed that this population could give rise to all subtypes of uSPGs, with some of the resulting progenitors differentiating into sperm that could fertilise eggs and generate offspring. (elifesciences.org)
A man has to produce an adequate amount of healthy sperm, and a woman has to produce healthy eggs. (sciencedaily.com)
The sperm has to be able to travel up the fallopian tubes to reach the egg, and once there, it must be able to fertilize the egg. (sciencedaily.com)
A man might not produce enough sperm, or his sperm might be unable to reach the eggs. (sciencedaily.com)
This activity may be a facilitating step in turning on the cell-division pathway that produces sperm and egg cells. (natureasia.com)
Developing next-generation methods to treat the most complex cases of infertility (no eggs, no sperm). (upmc.com)
Studying in-vitro approaches to produce sperm or eggs. (upmc.com)

The cells are being studied to be used as clinical therapies, models of genetic disorders, and cellular/DNA repair. (wikipedia.org)
Moreover, Dr. Brinster first demonstrated that teratocarcinoma cells could combine with blastocyst cells to form adult chimeric mice, establishing the feasibility of this approach to change the genetic character of mice. (avma.org)
The biological mother is replaced with a new concept of reproduction that utilizes a genetic merger of male stem cells to generate a massive number of eggs for the selection of the most desired genetic traits in offspring. (futuresciencenews.com)
Over a half dozen were selected, and they matured into baby mice without any genetic defects. (futuresciencenews.com)
if it implants and the pregnancy goes to term, the resulting individual will carry the same nuclear genetic material as the donor of the adult somatic cell. (who.int)
However, an animal created through this technique would not be a precise genetic copy of the source of its nuclear DNA because each clone derives a small amount of its DNA from the mitochondria of the egg (which lie outside the nucleus) rather than from the donor of cell nucleus. (who.int)
Two major approaches to reprogramming are summarized: (1) somatic cell nuclear transfer and (2) direct reprograming using genetic manipulations. (careersoudan29.com)
A germ cell-specific gene regulatory network is required to maintain the unique properties of primordial germ cells (PGCs) for transmission of genetic information to the next generation [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
To investigate the background in more detail, the Max Planck researchers used heart muscle cells in which miR-1/133a could be temporarily inactivated by genetic engineering. (mpg.de)
But what is not getting such wide reporting is the use of pluripotent stem cells (as well as many other types of cells and genetic engineering techniques) for reproductive purposes . (lifeissues.net)
In fact, scientists still lack genetic markers that clearly allow them to distinguish these cells from the rest of the uSPG pool. (elifesciences.org)
However, FOXC2-producing uSPGs were also capable of self-renewal, forming cells which feature genetic markers associated with SSCs. (elifesciences.org)
To understand further the genetic factors influencing red blood cells, we carried out a genome-wide association study of haemoglobin concentration and related parameters in up to 135,367 individuals. (natureasia.com)
Generally, these lines are not transgenic because the easy techniques of genetic transformation that work in mice do not work as well for rats. (microscopyu.com)
Thanks to new techniques that are able to read the genetic code of a single cell, we now know that there are in fact many hundreds of different kinds of human cells in the body. (hachettebookgroup.com)
Peter Gorer shows in mouse studies at JAX that transplant rejection is primarily governed by what he calls the H2 genetic locus, later described as the major histocompatibility complex, a key component of immunity. (jax.org)

Retinoblastoma proteins that inhibit the transcription factor E2F until the cell is ready to enter S phase are hyperphosphorylated and inactivated in ESCs, leading to continual expression of proliferation genes. (wikipedia.org)
A chimera instead contains discrete cell populations with two unique sets of parental genes. (asu.edu)
In fact, amplification of genes by over replication of certain regions of DNA is one of the primary mechanisms by which cancer cells become resistant to drug therapy. (nih.gov)
Activation of muscle-specific genes in pigment, nerve, fat, liver, and fibroblast cell lines by forced expression of MyoD. (springer.com)
Later, Dr. Brinster began to wonder whether he could inject genes instead of mRNA into the eggs. (avma.org)
By 1981, he and Richard D. Palmiter, PhD, a professor of biochemistry at the University of Washington School of Medicine, were able to show for the first time that new genes could be introduced into the mammalian genome. (avma.org)
Other genes affecting coloration are involved in pigment production or development (i.e. regulating the development and migration of pigment cells during embryogenesis). (creation.com)
Scientists were initially interested in somatic-cell nuclear transfer as a means of determining whether genes remain functional even after most of them have been switched off as the cells in a developing organism assume their specialized functions as blood cells, muscle cells, and so forth. (who.int)
The fact that the DNA of a fully differentiated (adult) cell could be stimulated to revert to a condition comparable to that of a newly fertilized egg and to repeat the process of embryonic development demonstrates that all the genes in differentiated cells retain their functional capacity, although only a few are active. (who.int)
He makes knockout and transgenic mice to study the function of genes in bone development and cancer. (rupress.org)
For example, repressive chromatin marks in oocytes lead to long-term silencing of genes inherited from the mother, particularly in cells that will form the placenta. (babraham.ac.uk)
PGCs express several pluripotency-related TFs such as NANOG, POU5F3 , and SOX2 , and their expression controls transcription of germness-related genes in these cells [ 11 , 29 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research in Bad Nauheim have now discovered that the two micro RNA molecules miR-1 and miR-133 in the adult heart inactivate two genes that normally force cell division. (mpg.de)
Indeed, the expression of the genes for the oncostatin M receptor and the FGF receptor 1 increased in these cells, and with it the number of receptor molecules. (mpg.de)
Among the top ten genes preferentially enriched in these cells, Foxc2 was the only one to code for a protein exclusively present in the nucleus of uSPGs that also expressed ZBTB16, a protein important for SSCs to self-renew. (elifesciences.org)
This finding is consistent with the fact that many FOXC2-regulated genes are involved in cell cycle arrest. (elifesciences.org)
1 All possess the same DNA code, but they differ from each other in terms of the parts of the code-genes-that are expressed in them, that is, which range of proteins are manufactured to build and run each cell. (hachettebookgroup.com)
While brain cells "play" one particular repertoire of the twenty thousand genes, cells in the gut use another range of genes from this master set, and so on and so forth. (hachettebookgroup.com)
1939 International Committee on Standardized Nomenclature for Mice begins, bringing order to the naming of mice and their genes. (jax.org)

Here, variation in a gene affecting the development and movement of pigment cells, KIT , is examined. (creation.com)
The loss of this effect in black mice is caused by a mutation, a so-called transposable element in a particular gene. (gender.org.uk)
Analyses of the lncRNAs expression profiles in the cells using statistically stringent criteria were performed to identify 74 lncRNA gene markers of cell clusters. (bvsalud.org)
Resolution of cell fate decisions revealed by single-cell gene expression analysis from zygote to blastocyst. (nature.com)
Regulation of the NANOG gene by TFs, epigenetic factors, and autoregulatory factors is well characterized in ESCs, and transcriptional regulation of NANOG is well established in these cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Many studies have investigated germ cell-specific gene promoters to understand their regulatory mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
The cdc25 gene product is a tyrosine phosphatase that acts as an initiator of M-phase in eukaryotic cell cycles by activating p34 cdc2 . (biologists.com)
But when examined from the viewpoint of the gene and the cell, there are many paths that development can follow, along with the creation of tissues and organs that escalate in form and complexity so rapidly that, paradoxically, while trying to discern the origins of a human life, one can find oneself staring into what seems to be a pathless future. (hachettebookgroup.com)

Failure of mammalian cells to regulate their proliferation cycle leads to cancer. (nih.gov)
In addition, the in vitro silencing of three selected lncRNAs showed that knockdown of these pairing-dependent lncRNAs reduced cell proliferation in adult worms and their gonads, and are essential for female vitellaria maintenance, reproduction, and/or egg development. (bvsalud.org)
During the course of folliculogenesis, growth is achieved by cell proliferation and formation of follicular fluid, whereas development involves cytodifferentiation of all the cells and tissues in the follicle. (glowm.com)
In vitro studies based on MCF-7 cell proliferation and induction of vitellogenin in primary culture of rainbow trout hepatocytes. (cdc.gov)

Here, we investigated the role of EHMT1 in the oocyte in comparison to EHMT2 using oocyte-specific conditional knockout mouse models ( cKO, cKO, cDKO), with ablation from the early phase of oocyte growth. (babraham.ac.uk)
In the experiment, the heart muscle cells from miR-1/133a knockout animals showed higher viability and survival in hypoxia,' Valussi said. (mpg.de)
The strain is now valued as a source of embryonic stem cells for making knockout mice. (jax.org)

Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells. (springer.com)

Dr. Katsuhiko Hayashi, professor at Kyushu University's Faculty of Medical Sciences , has shown that skin from a male mice tail can be paired with artificial ovaries to develop oocytes that are ready for fertilization by another male mouse . (futuresciencenews.com)
The notion of a biological clock in women arises from the fact that immature egg cells- 'oocytes' - progressively decline in number as females get older, along with a decades-old view that oocytes cannot be renewed in mammals after birth. (science20.com)
While traditional thinking has held that female mammals are born with all of the eggs they will ever have, newer research has demonstrated that adult mouse and human ovaries contain a rare population of progenitor germ cells called oogonial stem cells capable of dividing and generating new oocytes. (science20.com)
Researchers traced the number of divisions a cell has undergone with age (its 'depth') and counted the number of times progenitor germ cells divided before becoming oocytes. (science20.com)
In a new assessment of the work by Shapiro and colleagues, reproductive biologists Dori Woods, Evelyn Telfer and Jonathan Tilly conclude that the most plausible explanation for these findings is that progenitor germ cells in ovaries continue to divide throughout reproductive life, resulting in production of new oocytes with greater depth as animals age. (science20.com)
Although these investigations were performed in mice, there is emerging evidence that oogonial stem cells are also present in the ovaries of reproductive-age women, and these cells possess the capacity, like their mouse counterparts, to generate new oocytes under certain experimental conditions. (science20.com)
Mammalian oocytes are maintained in meiotic prophase arrest for a very long time-months in mice, years in humans. (wikipedia.org)

J Cell Biol (2007) 178 (7): 1098-1099. (rupress.org)
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol , Art. (mpi-cbg.de)

In the past, our research focused on viral genomes as models for DNA replication in mammalian cell nuclei. (nih.gov)
In sexual reproduction, clones are created when a fertilized egg splits to produce identical (monozygous) twins with identical genomes. (who.int)
Transposable elements pervading mammalian genomes mostly originate from retrotransposons, including long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs), short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), and endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) ( 2 , 3 ). (rna-mediated.com)

He injected messenger RNA into mouse eggs in his pilot experiments and experienced some success. (avma.org)
The sacred design of procreation is about to be challenged, denigrated by new biotech experiments that seek to manufacture a woman's eggs from the stem cells of two males . (futuresciencenews.com)
These experiments on mammalian reproduction will challenge the very biological purpose of the female, removing the biological mother from the most intimate part of the reproduction process. (futuresciencenews.com)
This led to many new kinds of experiments in many laboratories, aimed at defining the role of a normal microenvironment on cancer cells. (pas.va)
Her new experiments also showed that stem-like cancer cells could be grown in culture and used as 'messengers' to convey specific-DNA into the organism. (pas.va)
If these molecules are switched off, the heart was less damaged after a heart attack in experiments with mice. (mpg.de)
Transplantation experiments have revealed that most cells which can perform the hallmark feature of SSCs (that is, re-establishing full spermatogenesis in testes lacking germ cells) are found within the single uSPG population, but may also be present among paired and aligned progenitors ( Kubota and Brinster, 2018 ). (elifesciences.org)
More specifically, the lineage-tracing experiments showed that FOXC2-producing uSPGs could produce paired uSPGs that would then either divide to form two single uSPGs (including some that retained Foxc2 expression), or form chains of aligned uSPGs containing at most one FOXC2-producing cell ( Figure 1A ). (elifesciences.org)
In other experiments, we have been looking into how microRNAs interact with additional molecular mechanisms in the cells. (ca.gov)
Halsey Bagg develops the BALB /c ( Bagg albino) mouse for behavioral experiments. (jax.org)

2012) Cell lineage analysis of the mammalian female germline. (science20.com)
Rossant, J. & Tam, P. P. L. Blastocyst lineage formation, early embryonic asymmetries and axis patterning in the mouse. (nature.com)
Stem cells are usually categorized as multipotent (able to give rise to multiple cells within a lineage), pluripotent ( able to give rise to all cell types in an adult ) and totipotent (able to give rise to all embryonic and adult lineages). (careersoudan29.com)
In Drosophila with depleted RACK1 in all muscle cells or, specifically, in SC lineage resulted in a delayed recovery of skeletal muscle after physical damage as well as the low presence of active SC in the wound area. (sdbonline.org)

Chimeras are organisms that contain two or more genetically distinct cell lines. (asu.edu)
When cells-but not DNA-from two or more genetically distinct individuals combine to form a new individual, the result is called a chimera. (asu.edu)
Krisiloff's company ultimately wants to use the technology to mass produce eggs from two stem cell donors, so they can have the manufactured eggs genetically tested and sorted out for the most desirable traits. (futuresciencenews.com)
Thus, the clone would be genetically identical to the nucleus donor only if the egg came from the same donor or from her maternal line. (who.int)
In their studies on genetically modified mice, the Bad Nauheim researchers also found that in animals in which miR-1/133a was switched off, the heart muscle cells coped much better with hypoxia conditions (oxygen depletion), such as those that exist after a heart attack. (mpg.de)
George D. Snell of The Jackson Laboratory won the 1980 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for "discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions. (jax.org)

Postnatal oogenesis through ongoing oogonial stem cell (OSC) mitosis explains increasing oocyte depth with age. (science20.com)
Woods and colleagues say that "the recent work of Shapiro and colleagues is one of the first reports to offer experimental data consistent with a role for postnatal oocyte renewal in contributing to the reserve of ovarian follicles available for use in adult females as they age. (science20.com)
CRL4 complex regulates mammalian oocyte survival and reprogramming by activation of TET proteins. (nih.gov)
Oocyte meiosis, important to all animal life cycles yet unlike all other instances of animal cell division, occurs completely without the aid of spindle -coordinating centrosomes . (wikipedia.org)
Maintenance of meiotic arrest also depends on the presence of a multilayered complex of cells, known as a follicle, that surrounds the oocyte. (wikipedia.org)
The granulosa cells produce a small molecule, cyclic GMP , that diffuses into the oocyte through the gap junctions. (wikipedia.org)
As follicles grow, they acquire receptors for luteinizing hormone, a pituitary hormone that reinitiates meiosis in the oocyte and causes ovulation of a fertilizable egg. (wikipedia.org)
[5] Because the granulosa cells and oocyte are connected by gap junctions, cyclic GMP also decreases in the oocyte, causing meiosis to resume. (wikipedia.org)

IVG is supposed to produce a more stable eggs supply than the current in vitro fertilization process that is intended to help infertile women conceive. (futuresciencenews.com)

Fleming, T. P. A quantitative analysis of cell allocation to trophectoderm and inner cell mass in the mouse blastocyst. (nature.com)

Mammalian chimeras are valuable for studying early embryonic development. (asu.edu)
2) What are the requirements for DNA replication and transcription at the beginning of mammalian development? (nih.gov)
4 It encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in the development and homeostasis of several cell lines including melanocytic (pigment), hematologic (blood), mast, and germ cells. (creation.com)
She first showed that development is based on an orderly hierarchical succession of increasingly specialized small groups of precursor or 'stem' cells, expanding clonally. (pas.va)
He studies bone development in mice. (rupress.org)
Figure 2: The self-organization theory of early mammalian development. (nature.com)
Rossant, J. & Tam, P. P. L. Emerging asymmetry and embryonic patterning in early mouse development. (nature.com)
Graham, C. F. & Lehtonen, E. Formation and consequences of cell patterns in preimplantation mouse development. (nature.com)
At about four days into development , these totipotent cells specialize slightly, becoming pluripotent stem cells. (careersoudan29.com)
The development of a mouse egg starts at fertiliza- tion. (careersoudan29.com)
Mammalian development commences with the totipotent zygote which is capable of developing into all the specialized cells that make up the adult. (careersoudan29.com)
They demonstrated how a simulation of an embryo's beating heart using a microfluidic device in the lab led to the development of human blood stem cell 'precursors', which are stem cells on the verge of becoming blood stem cells. (scitechdaily.com)
Part of the problem is that we still don't fully understand all the processes going on in the microenvironment during embryonic development that leads to the creation of blood stem cells at about day 32 in the embryonic development," Dr. Li said. (scitechdaily.com)
These systems promoted the development of precursor blood stem cells which can differentiate into various blood components - white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, and others. (scitechdaily.com)
She has spent two decades unraveling the mysteries of development, as a simple fertilized egg becomes a complex human being of forty trillion cells. (hachettebookgroup.com)

Although NANOG plays a key role in germ cells, the molecular mechanism underlying its transcriptional regulation in PGCs has not been studied. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, identification of regulatory elements within the promoter region is considered crucial to understand the mechanism underlying transcriptional regulation in specific cell types. (biomedcentral.com)
Scientists from Thomas Braun's department at the Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research in Bad Nauheim have now been able to show in mice that one such mechanism involves two so-called micro-RNAs, miR-1 and miR-133a. (mpg.de)
This study aims to understand the function and mechanism of Drosophila Glycine N-acyltransferase (GLYAT) in cell invasion. (sdbonline.org)
In the past year, we have been looking more deeply into the mechanism by which the mammalian egg suppresses one of these classes of small RNAs, the microRNAs, but not the other, the endogenous siRNAs. (ca.gov)
This mechanism of transmission contrasts with that of the two subspecies of African trypanosomes that cause human disease, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense , which are transmitted via the saliva of their vectors, and with the mechanism by which a nonpathogenic trypanosome found in the Americas, Trypanosoma rangeli , is transmitted to its mammalian hosts. (medscape.com)
Only a few follicles in the human ovary survive to complete the cytodifferentiation process, with 99.9% dying by a programmed cell death mechanism called apoptosis. (glowm.com)
T cruzi can also be transmitted when mammalian hosts ingest infected insects, and this mechanism of transmission may play a major role in maintaining the sylvatic cycle. (medscape.com)

Embryonic cells within the first couple of cell divisions after fertilization are the only cells that are totipotent. (careersoudan29.com)

Also, although there were only two humans, Eve may have carried alleles in her egg cells that differed from those in her body. (creation.com)
UNSW researchers have recently completed two studies in this area that shine new light on not only how the precursors to blood stem cells occur in animals and humans, but how they may be induced artificially. (scitechdaily.com)
In rodents, and even in some preliminary trials in humans, human embryonic stem cells have been shown to bridge gaps in spinal cord injuries , allowing restoration of motor functions. (thefutureofthings.com)
The discovery that the LPA receptors affect fertility in mice may open a new area of fertility research and treatment for humans. (sciencedaily.com)
This has been a problem for investigators who view rat behavior and physiology as more relevant to humans and easier to observe than in mice. (microscopyu.com)

Pluripotent teratocarcinoma-thymus somatic cell hybrids. (springer.com)
Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, the technique by which Dolly was created, was first used 40 years ago in research with tadpoles and frogs. (who.int)
The nucleus of an adult somatic cell (such as a skin cell) is removed and transferred to an enucleated egg, which is then stimulated with electric current or chemicals to activate cell division. (who.int)
2. These cells are formed by reprogramming of somatic cells. (careersoudan29.com)
Induced pluripotent stem cells are a type of pluripotent stem cell that can be generated directly from a somatic cell. (scitechdaily.com)
A somatic cell is any biological cell forming the body of a multicellular organism other than a gamete, germ cell, gametocyte, or undifferentiated stem cell. (scitechdaily.com)

So when I was recently contacted by an earnest and amiable member of a local school board who was concerned about the questionable manner in which the issue of "stem cell" research - both human embryonic and adult - was presented to the high school students in his district in a currently-used science textbook, I agreed to evaluate that section in the text for him. (lifeissues.net)

The pathway that affects implantation involves a particular type of receptor molecule -- a protein called a lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor that can be found on the surfaces of cells in the brains and in the uteruses of mammals, where it binds to LPA, one type of phospholipid. (sciencedaily.com)

We found that miR-1/133a suppresses two receptors on heart muscle cells. (mpg.de)

In this fashion, mice or other laboratory animals that exhibit particular traits can be created for specialized studies, or herds of farm animals (such as goats, sheep or cows) can be created that produce pharmaceutically useful proteins in their milk. (who.int)
Furthermore, GSOs protected cells against GLU-induced apoptosis by reducing the expression of the mitochondrial apoptosis-associated Bcl-2 family effector proteins and protected cells from GLU-induced oxidative damage by increasing the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. (sdbonline.org)
Initially the arrest is due to lack of sufficient cell cycle proteins to allow meiotic progression. (wikipedia.org)
[7] The cells that comprise the follicle, known as granulosa cells, are connected to each other by proteins known as gap junctions, that allow small molecules to pass between the cells. (wikipedia.org)
Depending on the particular "melody" played on the genome, you end up with a different repertoire of proteins and a different kind of cell. (hachettebookgroup.com)
Proteins containing CCCH Znf domains include Znf proteins from eukaryotes involved in cell cycle or growth phase-related regulation, e.g. human TIS11B (butyrate response factor 1), a probable regulatory protein involved in regulating the response to growth factors, and the mouse TTP growth factor-inducible nuclear protein, which has the same function. (embl.de)
These spherical proteins are the keys the virus uses to get in and out of cells in its host organism respectively and to which the Hs and Ns in flu virus names correspond, as in H1N1. (asbmb.org)

While the existence of SSCs in the adult testis is undisputed, their origin, identity and maintenance remain unclear. (elifesciences.org)

Pluripotency distinguishes embryonic stem cells from adult stem cells, which are multipotent and can only produce a limited number of cell types. (wikipedia.org)
Pluripotency factors Oct4 and Nanog play a role in transcriptionally regulating the embryonic stem cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
The stem cell field witnessed a genuine breakthrough when a combination of solely four transcription factors ( Oct3 / 4 , Sox2 , Klf4 and c-Myc, OSKM ) proved enough to revert, in vitro, the differentiated status of a variety of cell types back to pluripotency, giving rise to so-called induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. (springer.com)
At just 31 years old, Hochedlinger has already worked on therapeutic cloning in a mouse model ( 2 ), reprogramming cancer nuclei ( 3 ), and the molecular mechanisms controlling stem cell pluripotency ( 4 ). (rupress.org)
Pluripotency, by contrast, refers to the ability of a cell to develop into the three. (careersoudan29.com)

The reproductive systems of mammalian males contain a component called the epididymis. (microscopyu.com)

Cell) books are molecular residing phrases and are useful from divide highlights under house. (cutechabeads.com)
Viral titers in ferret nasal wash specimens and nasal turbinate tissue correlated positively with peak titer in Calu-3 cells, whereas additional phenotypic and molecular determinants of influenza virus virulence and transmissibility in ferrets varied in their association with in vitro viral titer measurements. (cdc.gov)

At the top of the list comes the zygote-a fertilized egg, which of course has the ability to divide and differentiate into all cell types in the body and create a new organism. (thefutureofthings.com)
The first three divisions of the zygote give birth to eight totipotent cells, each of which also has the ability to become an entire organism. (thefutureofthings.com)

However, in earlier studies, clonal analysis was restricted by the lack of a cell marker, present at all times, that makes a distinction between the two parental cell types in situ. (asu.edu)

These adult stem cells are considered multipotent, having the ability to differentiate into different cell types, albeit with a more limited repertoire than embryonic stem cells. (thefutureofthings.com)

Conversely, overexpression of miR-1/133a caused the cells to terminate any cell division activity if we had previously induced it by administering the binding molecules of the two receptors, i.e. oncostatin and FGF,' explains Melissa Valussi, first author of the study. (mpg.de)
In this case, the heart muscle cells lost the ability to contract due to the unchecked activity of the two receptors and the animals suffered heart failure. (mpg.de)
Scientists at The Scripps Research Institute are reporting that mice created to lack a certain type of molecule known as an LPA receptor have fertility problems, which suggests that these receptors play a major role in conception. (sciencedaily.com)
In the latest issue of the journal Nature, the scientists detail how mice that lack LPA receptors, which normally appear on the surface of cells in a mouse's womb, have fertility problems. (sciencedaily.com)
Luteinizing hormone acts on receptors in the outer layers of granulosa cells of the follicle, causing a decrease in cyclic GMP in the granulosa cells. (wikipedia.org)

Cell 24 , 71-80 (1981). (nature.com)

dGLYAT was found to regulate Gadd45 -mediated JNK pathway activation and cell invasion. (sdbonline.org)

The reason I then was drawn into epigenetics and stem cell biology was a lecture at the IMP by Rudolf Jaenisch. (rupress.org)

Other research includes the etiology of germ cell tumors, which are one of the most common tumors arising in children. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
Germ cell chromatin is vastly different from that of other cells. (i-sis.org.uk)

These results show that lncRNAs are key components intervening in S. mansoni adult worm homeostasis, which affects pairing status and survival in the mammalian host, thus presenting great potential as new therapeutic target candidates. (bvsalud.org)
Clearly, the absence of miR-1/133a had a positive effect on myocardial cell survival and regeneration. (mpg.de)

According to a 2002 article in PNAS, "Human embryonic stem cells have the potential to differentiate into various cell types, and, thus, may be useful as a source of cells for transplantation or tissue engineering. (wikipedia.org)
In my opinion there is no question but that the scientific information on stem cell research included in this science text book being used in Illinois schools incorporates some inaccurate scientific facts, and seems to be very partial to the use of human embryonic "stem cell" research. (lifeissues.net)
Evans MD, Kelley J. US attitudes toward human embryonic stem cell research. (springer.com)

In addition to their ability to supply cells at the turnover rate of their respective tissues, they can be stimulated to repair injured tissue caused by liver damage, skin abrasions and blood loss. (thefutureofthings.com)
The ability of our body to regenerate some of its tissues is largely owed to the reserves of adult stem cells. (thefutureofthings.com)
Mechanochemical Principles of Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Cells and Tissues. (mpi-cbg.de)

Two studies reported a novel type of expanded (or extended) pluripotent stem cell (EPSC) that enables embryonic and extraembryonic How do totipotent stem cells become pluripotent? (careersoudan29.com)
Fertilized eggs divide regularly and when the em- bryos reach the 32-cell stage, What is the difference between pluripotent and totipotent stem cells? (careersoudan29.com)

Getting an aorta to form and then the cells actually emerging from that aorta into the circulation, that is the crucial step required for generating these cells. (scitechdaily.com)
We've also shown that it is very closely related to the cells lining the aorta - so we know its origin is correct - and that it proliferates," A/Prof. Nordon said. (scitechdaily.com)
The main artery of the mammalian circulatory system, the aorta is supplies oxygenated blood to the other arteries of the body. (microscopyu.com)

First successful transplantations of ovaries between female mice are performed by William Russell at JAX. (jax.org)

In other organisms, they have been shown as involved with reproduction, stem cell maintenance and drug resistance, and they tend to exhibit tissue-specific expression patterns. (bvsalud.org)
however, the cell type expression patterns of lncRNAs in the parasite remain uncharacterized. (bvsalud.org)

New discoveries about embryonic blood stem cell creation made independently by biomedical engineers and medical researchers at the University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney could one day eliminate the need for blood stem cell donors. (scitechdaily.com)

Aquatic cultures include the use of molluscan, crustacean, fish, amphibian, avian, and mammalian hosts for a wide diversity of para- sites (Table 1). (ap24534inhibitor.com)
The infective forms of T cruzi are contained in the feces of the insect vectors and gain entry into its mammalian hosts through contamination. (medscape.com)
As with other parasites that infect both mammalian and insect hosts, the life cycle of T cruzi is complex (see image below). (medscape.com)
The trypomastigote is the infective flagellated form of the parasite found in the blood of the mammalian hosts (blood trypomastigote) and in the hindgut of vectors (metacyclic trypomastigote). (medscape.com)

that given the right morphogenesis or transcription factor, a cell could be induced to become anything at any point. (lifeissues.net)
NANOG is a core transcription factor (TF) in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and primordial germ cells (PGCs). (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown demonstrated that POU5F3 , SOX2 , and CEBP played a role in cell type-specific transcription of cNANOG . (biomedcentral.com)
We show for the first time that different trans -regulatory elements control transcription of cNANOG in a cell type-specific manner. (biomedcentral.com)

The developmental capacity of nuclei taken from differentiating endoderm cells of Xenopus laevis. (springer.com)
The developmental capacity of nuclei taken from intestinal epithelium cells of feeding tadpoles. (springer.com)
The developmental capacity of nuclei transplanted from keratinized skin cells of adult frogs. (springer.com)
To take human organ generation via BC and transplantation to the next step, we reviewed current emerging organ generation technologies and the associated efficiency of chimera formation in human cells from the standpoint of developmental biology. (frontiersin.org)
Hochedlinger pushes cells' developmental rewind buttons to examine their epigenetic history. (rupress.org)
Here we describe the cloning and characterization of the developmental expression pattern of two mouse cdc25 homologs. (biologists.com)
The ICM continues to differentiate into three germ layers-ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, each of which follows a specific developmental destiny that takes them along an ever-specifying path at which end the daughter cells will make up the different organs of the human body. (thefutureofthings.com)
In The Dance of Life , developmental and stem-cell biologist Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz takes us to the front lines of efforts to understand the creation of a human life. (hachettebookgroup.com)

Due to their plasticity and potentially unlimited capacity for self-renewal, embryonic stem cell therapies have been proposed for regenerative medicine and tissue replacement after injury or disease. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to their potential in regenerative medicine, embryonic stem cells provide a possible alternative source of tissue/organs which serves as a possible solution to the donor shortage dilemma. (wikipedia.org)
Stem cells and regenerative medicine - future perspectives. (springer.com)
Stem cells in regenerative medicine: introduction. (springer.com)
These achievements are part of a move in regenerative medicine towards the use of 'induced pluripotent stem cells' to treat disease. (scitechdaily.com)
Accordingly, in contrast to organs with a high regenerative capacity, no divisible, regenerative stem cells are found in the heart. (mpg.de)
The use of various types of stem cells for research purposes to make disease "models" in the lab for regenerative medicine and for "therapies" to cure sick patients for diseases is constantly in the news. (lifeissues.net)

RACK1 was expressed transiently in the skeletal muscle of post-natal mice, being abundant in the early phase of muscle growth and almost disappearing in adult mature fibers. (sdbonline.org)
William Castle opens Harvard 's Bussey Institution , where many early mouse geneticists get their start. (jax.org)

Infertility becomes more pronounced for mature women who are attempting pregnancy because a woman's egg production decreases with age, especially after the age of 35. (sciencedaily.com)

Schistosomes are dioecious, with egg laying depending on the females' obligatory pairing with males. (bvsalud.org)

Nuclear transfer is one of the most sophisticated, fickle, and challenging techniques in cell biology. (rupress.org)

It acts as an immune barrier that prevents direct contact of bacteria with midgut epithelial cells during blood digestion. (bvsalud.org)
We compiled data from ferrets inoculated with an extensive panel of over 50 human and zoonotic IAV (inclusive of swine-origin and high- and low-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses associated with human infection) under a consistent protocol, with all viruses concurrently tested in a human bronchial epithelial cell line (Calu-3). (cdc.gov)

Transplantation of living nuclei from blastula cells into enucleated frogs' eggs. (springer.com)
The first step was for the team to follow the fate of these cells for six weeks following transplantation. (elifesciences.org)
Advancing stem cell and gonadal tissue transplantation therapies for infertility. (upmc.com)

Anatomy71

Organisms28

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs52

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment27

Phenomena and Processes75

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science4

Health Care2

Embryos26

Differentiation16

Species9

Embryo22

Sperm13

Genetic16

Genes19

Gene8

Proliferation4

Knockout3

Fetal1

Oocytes7

Biol2

Genomes3

Experiments10

Lineage4

Genetically6

Oocyte8

Vitro fertilization1

Blastocyst1

Development15

Mechanism8

Fertilization1

Humans5

Somatic6

Embryonic and adult1

Mammals1

Suppresses1

Proteins7

Testis1

Pluripotency5

Reproductive1

Molecular2

Zygote2

Clonal1

Ability to differentiate1

Receptors5

19811

Regulate1

Epigenetics1

Germ cell2

Survival2

Human embryonic3

Tissues3

Totipotent stem2

Aorta3

Ovaries1

Patterns2

Stem cell donors1

Hosts4

Transcription4

Developmental8

Regenerative7

Early2

Woman's1

Males1

Biology1

Epithelial2

Transplantation3