• Bronchoalveolar lavage analysis also indicated a lack of lung inflammation and toxicity after short-term inhalation exposure to GMAW-MS fume. (cdc.gov)
  • Notable human health toxicity effects identified from human and/or animal studies include respiratory cancer, non-cancer toxicity effects following inhalation, dermatitis, and reproductive effects. (mdpi.com)
  • It exhibits marked species differences in repeat dose toxicity studies via inhalation exposure. (europa.eu)
  • It has low toxicity in the rat, with minimal effects seen after exposure to 8000 ppm (17,701 mg/m3) for 2 years. (europa.eu)
  • The mouse is the most sensitive species where the target organs are bone marrow, ovary and testis a NOAEL for repeat dose toxicity in the chronic studies has not been established due to neoplasia-related toxicity. (europa.eu)
  • In the rat, exposure to 1,3-butadiene results in low toxicity. (europa.eu)
  • Data gap filling for the acute inhalation toxicity endpoint is achieved using the category approach according to ECHA guidance on read-across (ECHA, 2017c). (europa.eu)
  • The primary acute hazards of exposure to phenyl mercaptan are central nervous system stimulation followed by post-convulsive CNS depression, severe eye and skin irritation, systemic toxicity to spleen, kidney, lung, and liver tissues, and narcotic effects (ACGIH 1986/Ex. (cdc.gov)
  • The National Toxicology Program, headquartered at the NIEHS, plans to do a larger set of studies to provide inhalation toxicity data on artificial butter flavoring and the two major components, diacetyl and another compound called acetoin. (nih.gov)
  • Partnering with Native American communities, the UNM Metals Exposure and Toxicity Assessment on Tribal Lands in the Southwest (UNM METALS) team has obtained evidence for community level exposures and health risks associated with more than 1100 abandoned uranium mine (AUM) waste sites on their tribal lands. (unm.edu)
  • toxicity following styrene exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Numerous studies have demonstrated marked differ- fects on terminal bronchioles are seen, but effects in ences in toxicity between rats and mice to styrene ex- the nasal olfactory epithelium do occur, although to posure, especially by inhalation. (cdc.gov)
  • mice developed severe liver toxicity, which probably tio is less than 1, while in mouse liver the ratio is about contributed to the cause of death. (cdc.gov)
  • in an inhalation study and only equivocal evidence of metabolism to SO is below the limit of detection in nearly all samples, and the most active sample of lung lung tumors in two of four chronic toxicity/oncogenicity was approximately 100-fold less active than mouse studies by gavage in mice (reviewed in Cruzan et al . (cdc.gov)
  • 2001). No other tumor types were increased in these toxicity in mice and rats, including mouse lung tu- studies in mice. (cdc.gov)
  • Nasal tumors were induced in both rats and mice exposed to propylene oxide by inhalation. (cdc.gov)
  • The findings of cancer and other tumors in both rats and mice treated with propylene oxide meet the criteria established in the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Cancer Policy (3) for regarding it as a potential occupational carcinogen. (cdc.gov)
  • The NOAEC for systemic effects not occurring at the site of first contact in long-term inhalation studies in rats and mice is 15 ppm. (europa.eu)
  • Phenyl mercaptan has been reported to have 4-hour inhalation LC(50) values of 33 and 28 ppm for rats and mice, respectively (Doull and Plzak 1962, as cited in ACGIH 1986/Ex. (cdc.gov)
  • National Toxicology Program (NTP) studies indicate that ingestion of high doses of selenium sulfide causes liver tumors in rats and mice, but no adequate inhalation studies exist. (dguv.de)
  • Following treatment by gavage (experimentally placing the chemical in the stomach), several tumor types were induced in rats and mice. (973thedawg.com)
  • Using particle retention data, it was determined that lung particle overload was achieved in both rats and mice at the exposure levels of 50 and 250 mg/m3. (ecetoc.org)
  • Moreover, when compared to identically exposed rats and mice, female hamsters had the weakest pulmonary inflammatory responses to the titanium dioxide dust burden concomitant with the fastest clearance times. (ecetoc.org)
  • BAL fluid biomarkers demonstrated that lung inflammation and cytotoxicity were apparent in rats and mice exposed to 10 mg/m3 uf-TiO2. (ecetoc.org)
  • in styrene metabolism between rats and mice. (cdc.gov)
  • Relevant of mutagenicity and clastogenici- angiosarcomas of the liver, which carcinogens discussed in this chap- ty, including the induction of sister are rare tumours, were identified in ter do not include pharmaceutical chromatid exchange (SCE), chro- humans, rats, and mice exposed to drugs classified in Group 1, which mosomal aberrations (CA), and mi- vinyl chloride. (who.int)
  • Histone adsorption on the surface of carbon particles significantly stimulates their ingestion by rat peritoneal macrophages, hamster kidney fibroblasts, and mouse L-cells [ 861 ], and the adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their nonpolar metabolites on the surface of carbon particles ingested by rat alveolar macrophages has been studied [ 862 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
  • Researchers don't yet understand how BPA exposure - via ingestion, not inhalation - might increase risk of the development of asthma, an inflammatory disease. (momscleanairforce.org)
  • Inhalation of iron-abundant gas metal arc welding-mild steel fume promotes lung tumors in mice. (cdc.gov)
  • It has been shown that exposure to GMAW-SS fume in A/J mice promotes lung tumors. (cdc.gov)
  • The objective was to determine if GMAW-MS fume, which lacks known carcinogenic metals, also promotes lung tumors in mice. (cdc.gov)
  • In conclusion, this study demonstrates that inhalation of GMAW-MS fume promotes lung tumors in vivo and aligns with epidemiologic evidence that shows MS welders, despite less exposure to carcinogenic metals, are at an increased risk for lung cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • Male and female ICR mice were administered METH or alpha-PVP through vapor or i.p. injection. (rti.org)
  • METH and alpha-PVP vapor were also evaluated for place preference in male mice. (rti.org)
  • Vapor exposure and injection led to more similarities than differences in toxicological and pharmacological effects. (rti.org)
  • Both METH and alpha-PVP vapor exposure produced conditioned place preference. (rti.org)
  • These results explore the toxicology of stimulant vapor inhalation in mice using an e-cigarette device. (rti.org)
  • Metering valves at the manifold controlled flow to each chamber through individual TeflonĀ® delivery lines that carried the vapor from the manifold to three-way exposure valves at the chamber inlets. (europa.eu)
  • The exposure valves diverted vapor delivery to exposure chamber exhaust until the generation system was stable and exposures were ready to proceed. (europa.eu)
  • To initiate exposure, the chamber exposure valves were rotated to allow the test item vapor to flow to each exposure chamber inlet duct where it was further diluted with filtered, conditioned air to achieve the desired exposure concentration. (europa.eu)
  • Inhalation of concentrated ethylene dichloride vapor can induce effects on the human nervous system, liver, and kidneys, as well as respiratory distress, cardiac arrhythmia, nausea, and vomiting. (973thedawg.com)
  • In other studies in rats, inhalation exposure of rats to 1,3-butadiene at concentrations of 1000, 2000, 4000 and 8000 (2212, 4425, 8850 and 17701 mg/m 3 ) for 13 weeks produced no treatment-related effects except moderately increased salivation. (europa.eu)
  • The responses of animals to phenyl mercaptan exposure were uniform regardless of species, and progressed from CNS stimulation to incoordination, skeletal and muscular paralysis, and respiratory depression, followed at high concentrations by coma and death. (cdc.gov)
  • Mice were exposed to diacetyl at concentrations and durations comparable to what may be inhaled at some microwave popcorn packaging plants," said Daniel L. Morgan, Ph.D., head of the Respiratory Toxicology Group at the NIEHS and co-author on the paper that appears online in the journal, Toxicological Sciences . (nih.gov)
  • The researchers also speculate that the extensive reaction of diacetyl vapors in the nose and upper airways of mice may have prevented toxic concentrations from penetrating deeper in the lung to the bronchioles or tiny airways where obstruction occurs in humans. (nih.gov)
  • When the mice were exposed to high concentrations of diacetyl using a method that bypasses the nose, the researchers found lesions partially obstructing the small airways. (nih.gov)
  • In 6-hour inhalation studies with concentrations of 2600 ppm, no rats died. (haz-map.com)
  • In all three studies, females from each of these species were exposed to the same dose-related concentrations of identical particulates for 13 weeks duration, and evaluated at the same post exposure time points by the same criteria. (ecetoc.org)
  • with female rats, mice and hamsters exposed to 3 concentrations of ultrafine TiO2 particles (Bermudez et al, 2004). (ecetoc.org)
  • Female rats, mice and hamsters were exposed to aerosol concentrations of 0.5, 2.0 or 10 mg/m3 of uf-TiO2 particles for 13 weeks and assessed over several post-exposure time points up to 1 year. (ecetoc.org)
  • Production and use of nickel and its compounds can, however, result in additional exposures to humans and the environment. (mdpi.com)
  • It is assumed that humans usually become infected deer mice, white-footed mice, California mice, woodrats with hantaviruses and arenaviruses by inhalation of ( Neotoma spp. (cdc.gov)
  • The authors conclude that these findings suggest that workplace exposure to diacetyl contributes to the development of OB in humans, but more research is needed. (nih.gov)
  • Although exposure of laboratory animals by inhalation closely duplicates the way humans are exposed to airborne toxicants, the study points out that some anatomical differences between the mice and humans may account for why the nasal cavity of mice is more susceptible to reactive vapors than that of humans. (nih.gov)
  • The second challenge sought to explore how well biological processes in mouse or rat models translate to humans. (genomeweb.com)
  • There is direct evidence of tumor formation in mice and rats but no direct evidence of carcinogenecity of NA in humans at this time. (nih.gov)
  • or each of these agents, carcinogenicity in rats and/or mice, els, differences in exposure con- there was sufficient evidence of car- for example for the liver (aflatoxins, ditions between studies in animals cinogenicity from studies in rats and/ trichloroethylene [TCE], and vinyl and in humans, or limitations in Part 1 Ā· Chapter 1. (who.int)
  • We describe how the genome-wide transcriptional profiling can be used in network-based systems toxicology, an approach leveraging biological networks for assessing the health risks of exposure to chemical compounds. (intechopen.com)
  • NEW YORK (GenomeWeb) - The organizers of the Systems Biology Verification: Industrial Methodology for Process Verification in Research (SBV IMPROVER) challenges have begun accepting submissions for a new systems toxicology challenge launched last week which focuses on identifying blood gene expression signatures that could serve as markers of smoking exposure. (genomeweb.com)
  • Cardiovascular adaptations to particle inhalation exposure: Molecular mechanisms of the toxicology. (wvu.edu)
  • Support cores (Administration, Data Management & Analysis, Community Engagement, Research Experience and Training Coordination, Materials, and Inhalation Toxicology) will provide essential, centralized reagents/services and technological resources allowing for precision of data and economy of effort, and foster interdisciplinary activities. (hhs.gov)
  • Carbon nanotube exposures can potentially occur not only in the process of manufacturing them, but also at the point of incorporating these materials into polymer composites, medical nanoapplications, and electronics. (cdc.gov)
  • Consequently, if exposure were to occur by the oral route this would not lead to local or systemic effects. (europa.eu)
  • Exposure to this chemical can occur through inhalation, through the mouth, and through the skin. (foodpoisoningbulletin.com)
  • Exposure to low levels of ethylene dichloride can occur from breathing ambient or workplace air. (973thedawg.com)
  • An increasing need to monitor the occurrence of these specific diseases (neurodegenerative disorders, allergic diseases, immune disorders, metabolic disorders) in the population, depending on their environmental, social and economic determinants (socioeconomic situation, nutrition, lifestyle, alcohol and drug abuse, exposure to toxic substances) emphasizes the importance of large population studies. (muni.cz)
  • There is evidence that formaldehyde induces toxic effects only at the site of contact after oral, dermal or inhalation exposure. (europa.eu)
  • The USA EPA has registered CMIT/MIT as an industry insecticide, designating CMIT/MIT as secondary inhalation toxic compound. (clickpress.com)
  • If the models work the way they should, they could be applied more generally to classify subjects based on their exposure to other toxic substances besides tobacco, for example asbestos or exhaust. (genomeweb.com)
  • Legacy uranium (U) mine sites in semi-arid regions are subject to strong aeolian (wind-related) processes, which influence the dispersion of U-bearing mineral dust, causing concern for human exposures to toxic dust that has potential negative health impacts. (unm.edu)
  • The aim of this epidemiological and toxicological risk assessment of selenium and its compounds is to derive exposure riskrelationships (ERBs) if assessed to be carcinogenic or alternatively, an occupational exposure limit (AGW) based on the most sensitive endpoint, if assessed to be non-carcinogenic and ERBs cannot be derived. (dguv.de)
  • Relating in vitro to in vivo exposures with physiologically-based tissue dosimetry and tissue response models. (cdc.gov)
  • In vitro and in vivo animal studies have shown that cromolyn sodium inhibits sensitized mast cell degranulation which occurs after exposure to specific antigens. (nih.gov)
  • The researchers have found that CMIT/MIT exposure induces pulmonary damage in vivo and in vitro. (clickpress.com)
  • In vivo, DIDS administration delayed B16OVA tumor growth in immunocompetent mice as monotherapy or when combined with adoptive T cell transfer of OVA-specificT cells. (unav.edu)
  • Local effects in the upper respiratory tract were induced after repeated inhalation exposure in experimental animals. (europa.eu)
  • The most sensitive site in rodents and monkeys following inhalation exposure is the respiratory epithelium in the anterior part of the nasal cavity. (europa.eu)
  • Since the airway is a major site of entry of environ- mental PM, we will demonstrate a link between EPFR exposure and poor respiratory health in children using es- tablished community-based birth cohorts. (hhs.gov)
  • Transmission from cats can be by bite of an infected flea or, if the cat has pneumonic plague, by inhalation of infected respiratory droplets. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Thus, human and environmental nickel exposures are ubiquitous. (mdpi.com)
  • Based on preliminary findings and published work, we will test the hypothesis that exposure to the unique mixtures of environmental metals associated with abandoned uranium mines promotes oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, processes known to promote immune dysregulation and development of numerous chronic diseases. (unm.edu)
  • The ESE PM project focus on the environmental risks of nanoparticle exposure stems from our preliminary results which show that previously unrecognized U-bearing nanoparticles are present in a range of different natural materials related to AUMs. (unm.edu)
  • NIEHS research uses state-of-the-art science and technology to investigate the interplay between environmental exposures, human biology, genetics, and common diseases to help prevent disease and improve human health. (nih.gov)
  • Exposures of the general population to 2-nitrotoluene through environmental media (air, drinking water and soil) are expected to be negligible. (gc.ca)
  • Margins of exposure were not calculated for non-cancer effects in this assessment since non-cancer effects occurred at a dose at which tumours were observed and because the information available indicates that exposures of the general Canadian population to 2-nitrotoluene from either environmental media or consumer products are expected to be negligible. (gc.ca)
  • This study investigates the association of a PD polygenic risk score (PRS) with olfaction, and whether the associations are modified by environmental exposures of PM2.5, NO2, or smoking. (bvsalud.org)
  • The association of PD PRS with olfactory impairment was not modified by airborne environmental exposures or smoking. (bvsalud.org)
  • 2. Environmental and food exposures may trigger EoE, and genetics probably play a role. (medscape.com)
  • In female mice only, absolute and relative liver weights were significantly increased at the highest dose. (canada.ca)
  • High doses (not further specified) administered via inhalation produced lung, liver, and kidney changes in mice (Doull and Plzak 1962, as cited in ACGIH 1986/Ex. (cdc.gov)
  • Chronic (long-term) inhalation exposure to ethylene dichloride produced effects on the liver and kidneys in animals. (973thedawg.com)
  • Tumours in the circulatory system, large intestine and liver were reported in mice exposed via the dietary route as well. (gc.ca)
  • Exposure to 2-nitrotoluene has also been associated with non-cancer effects in experimental animals, including developmental and reproductive effects as well as effects in the lungs, liver, spleen, bone marrow and the hematopoietic system. (gc.ca)
  • For example, principal hosts and their whose occupations entail close physical contact with respective viruses include: the deer mouse ( Peromyscus neotomine or sigmodontine rodents in North America. (cdc.gov)
  • Of the include, but are not limited to, inhalation of dust or other persons included in the study, 699 had worked with rodents organic matter contaminated with infectious virus and con- only in North America. (cdc.gov)
  • Plague occurs primarily in wild rodents (eg, rats, mice, squirrels, prairie dogs) and is transmitted from rodent to human by the bite of an infected rat flea vector. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In a 13-week gavage study, B6C3F1 mice (20 per sex per dose) received MCA (as an acid in deionized water) at doses of 0, 25, 50, 100, 150 or 200 mg/ kg bw per day, 5 days per week. (canada.ca)
  • The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether other chemicals are present. (cdc.gov)
  • Interim evaluations were done on five mice per dose after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. (canada.ca)
  • Mortality was increased only at the highest dose and mostly in male mice. (canada.ca)
  • Cholinesterase levels were decreased at the two highest dose groups in female mice. (canada.ca)
  • It is estimated that one month of exposure to carbon nanotubes at the airborne concentration of 5 milligrams per cubic meter of air, or mg/m3, would yield an equivalent dose in workers to that causing fibrosis in the mouse. (cdc.gov)
  • After administration by inhalation, approximately 8% of the total cromolyn sodium dose administered is absorbed and rapidly excreted unchanged, approximately equally divided between urine and bile. (nih.gov)
  • Hathaway QA, Majumder N, Kunovac A, Xie Z, Pinti MV, Harkema JR, Nurkiewicz T, Hollander JM , Hussain S. Modeling the pulmonary transcriptome in a dose-dependent manner: Carbon black and ozone co-exposure. (wvu.edu)
  • It was interesting to note that although exposed female mice demonstrated evidence of particle overload and pulmonary inflammation, unlike the exposed rats, high-dose TiO2-exposed mice were devoid of the fibro-proliferative and fibrotic tissue responses measured and observed in exposed rats. (ecetoc.org)
  • Reactive oxygen species damage drives cardiac and mitochondrial dysfunction following acute nano-titanium dioxide inhalation exposure. (wvu.edu)
  • The RAC Opinion, which was adopted by consensus, concluded that the classification of titanium dioxide as a category 2 carcinogen, including the hazard statement 'H351 (inhalation)', was justified. (europa.eu)
  • 1,3-Butadiene is a gas and therefore significant exposure via the dermal or oral routes is unlikely. (europa.eu)
  • In the case of dermal exposure, before the reactive NCO groups present on MDI substances have opportunity to be absorbed to any significant extent through the stratum corneum they react with proteins and moisture at the skin surface leading to the formation of an insoluble polymerized mass thereby limiting dermal absorption and systemic availability (Leibold 1999). (europa.eu)
  • Chemical mixture exposures during pregnancy and cognitive abilities in school-aged children. (cdc.gov)
  • The overall objectives of the IPCS are to establish the scientific basis for assessment of the risk to human health and the environment from exposure to chemicals, through international peer review processes, as a prerequisite for the promotion of chemical safety, and to provide technical assistance in strengthening national capacities for the sound management of chemicals. (inchem.org)
  • A new study shows that exposure to a chemical called diacetyl, a component of artificial butter flavoring, can be harmful to the nose and airways of mice. (nih.gov)
  • Exposure apparatus: Test item was held in an 8-gallon stainless-steel chemical reservoir. (europa.eu)
  • Method of particle size determination: A condensation particle detector (Model 3022A, TSI, Inc., St. Paul, MN) was used with and without animals in the exposure chambers. (europa.eu)
  • Moreover, at the end of the recovery period (i.e., ~ 1 year post-exposure), the percentages of particle burden remaining in the lungs of the 10 mg/m3 group were 57, 45 and 3% for rat, mouse, hamster, respectively. (ecetoc.org)
  • The retardation of particle clearance from the lungs in mice and rats of the 10 mg/m3 groups were indicators that particle overload had been achieved in these animals, but not in hamsters. (ecetoc.org)
  • Mice studies have indicated that the inhalation of allergens induces notable eosinophil infiltration and degranulation, and a pilot study conducted in New York City found that EoE symptoms peaked during the July-to-September period when grass pollen counts were at their highest. (medscape.com)
  • Intensity-Time Dependence Dosing Criterion in the EMF Exposure Guidelines in Russia," Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, online March 1, 2018. (microwavenews.com)
  • Heating during vaporization can expose the user to a cocktail of parent compound and thermolytic degradants, which could lead to different toxicological and pharmacological effects compared to ingesting the parent compound alone via injection or nasal inhalation. (rti.org)
  • We further show how network-based approaches can be integrated into the multiscale modeling framework of response to toxicological exposure. (intechopen.com)
  • Observed differences in LD50 values between pMDI and 4,4'-MDI/TPG are not considered to be significant or represent a trend since they are significantly higher than the limit for classification and are indicative of a lack of systemic exposure. (europa.eu)
  • The Agency concludes that this limit will protect workers from the significant risks of CNS effects, skin irritation, and systemic injury, all material impairments of health that are potentially associated with exposure to phenyl mercaptan at the uncontrolled levels formerly permitted by the absence of any OSHA limit. (cdc.gov)
  • When laboratory mice inhaled diacetyl vapors for three months, they developed lymphocytic bronchiolitis - a potential precursor of OB. (nih.gov)
  • Although low recreational doses of bath salts or spice compounds can produce desirable effects, high doses or chronic exposure often leads to dangerous medical consequences, including psychosis, violent behaviors, tachycardia, hyperthermia, and even death. (jneurosci.org)
  • There are three informative sub-chronic inhalation studies from which to compare the Adverse Outcome Pathways of the rat, mouse and hamster. (ecetoc.org)
  • Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and cognitive development in infancy and toddlerhood. (cdc.gov)
  • In this work we intend to investigate this connection through the use of an immunostimulatory odorant like menthol, analyzing its impact on the immune system and the cognitive capacity in healthy and Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Models. (unav.edu)
  • Menthol inhalation also improved the cognitive capacity of immunocompetent mice but not in immunodeficient NSG mice, which exhibited very poor fear-conditioning. (unav.edu)
  • Exposure to menthol for 6 months (1 week per month) prevented the cognitive impairment observed in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer. (unav.edu)
  • Treg depletion also improved the cognitive capacity of the APP(NL-G-F/NL-G-F) Alzheimer ' s mouse model. (unav.edu)
  • Blockade of the IL-1 receptor with anakinra resulted in a significant increase in cognitive capacity in healthy mice as well as in the APP/PS1 model of Alzheimer ' s disease. (unav.edu)
  • sponse of the nasal olfactory mucosa, with the mouse metabolism studies have indicated major differences being much more sensitive. (cdc.gov)
  • Researchers monitored their daily activity patterns and found that these mice were considerably less active following smoke exposure. (medindia.net)
  • This chapter examines the suitability of animal inhalation/smoke exposure models for assessing the contrary effects of CS on UC and CD. (intechopen.com)
  • Finally, MDI-GSH conjugate treated macrophages showed increased chemotactic ability to various immune cells, which may be attenuated by FK506.In conclusion, these results indicate that MDI exposure to macrophages/BALCs may recruit immune cells into the airway via induction of chemokines by miR-206-3p and miR-381-3p-mediated calcineurin signaling activation. (cdc.gov)
  • Studies of airborne fungi provide prevalence data that are important to estimate patients' exposures to molds. (medscape.com)
  • OSHA has lowered the permissible exposure limit for EtO and recently added an excursion limit. (cdc.gov)
  • 5 The 5 mg/m3 concentration is sometimes reported on material safety data sheets as a manufacturer's suggested exposure limit for carbon nanotubes and is based on the permissible occupational exposure limit (PEL) for graphite, whose most commonly known use is as a powder for manufacturing pencils. (cdc.gov)
  • The Agency proposed a permissible exposure limit of 0.5 ppm as an 8-hour TWA, and the final rule establishes this limit. (cdc.gov)
  • We first found that repeated short exposures to menthol odor enhanced the immune response against ovalbumin immunization. (unav.edu)
  • Evidence from 65 human epidemiological studies on organic selenium compounds suggests an inverse association between selenium exposure and risk of several cancers, especially in men. (dguv.de)
  • Epidemiological studies are not conclusive regarding the carcinogenic effects of ethylene dichloride, due to concomitant exposure to other chemicals. (973thedawg.com)
  • Characterization of acrylonitrile exposure in the United States based on urinary n-acetyl-S-(2- cyanoethyl)-L-cysteine (2CYEMA): NHANES 2011-2016. (cdc.gov)
  • The researchers found that long-term exposure to low levels of paraquat in mice caused the toxin to enter the brain and affect the sense of smell in male mice. (lawfirm.com)
  • Its ubiquitous presence results in widespread exposure to the general population. (nih.gov)
  • Further results suggest that the clock protein, BMAL1, was regulated by SIRT1, and the decrease in SIRT1 damaged BMAL1, resulting in a disturbance in the sleep cycle/molecular clock in mice and human smokers. (medindia.net)
  • Evidence from 14 human studies, including clinical trials of selenium supplementation, case-control, cohort, and cross sectional studies on the association between selenium exposure and type-2 diabetes is conflicting. (dguv.de)
  • This particular challenge offers computational scientists who are developing predictive modelling technologies an opportunity to pit their methods against each other on data drawn from human clinical and mouse inhalation studies. (genomeweb.com)
  • It features two sub-challenges: For the first, participants will be expected to derive models that can predict gene signatures for smoking exposure using human whole blood gene expression data. (genomeweb.com)
  • and ii) whether agricultural crops grown on tribal lands adjacent to AUMs could represent a potential exposure pathway that is detrimental to human health. (unm.edu)
  • Our Center now seeks to understand how EPFRs induce pulmo- nary/cardiovascular dysfunction and how to attenuate EPFR formation, facilitate EPFR decay, and limit exposure to EPFRs, with the ultimate goal of improving human health and the environment. (hhs.gov)
  • On the basis of the carcinogenic potential of 2-nitrotoluene, for which there may be a probability of harm at any exposure level, it is concluded that 2-nitrotoluene is a substance that may be entering the environment in a quantity or concentration or under conditions that constitute or may constitute a danger in Canada to human life or health. (gc.ca)
  • In recent years, human studies showing health effects of BPA exposure have entered the mix. (momscleanairforce.org)
  • icologic and metabolic data that explain the nasal and major differences are 4- to 10-fold more ring-oxidation lung differences and their relevance for human risk and phenylacetaldehyde pathways in mice compared assessment. (cdc.gov)
  • Exposure to molds can cause human disease through several well-defined mechanisms. (medscape.com)
  • Researchers from Kangwon National University, Korea, have investigated CMIT/MIT's cytotoxic effect in lungs of mice, despite unknown risk factors of this disinfectant. (clickpress.com)
  • It is noteworthy that epithelial, metaplastic and fibroproliferative changes were not noted in the lungs of either mice or hamsters. (ecetoc.org)
  • Short- and long- term smoking decreased a molecule known as SIRTUIN1 (SIRT1, an anti-aging molecule) and this reduction altered the level of the clock protein (BMAL1) in both lung and brain tissues in mice. (medindia.net)
  • At higher exposure levels also the olfactory epithelium, larynx or trachea were affected. (europa.eu)
  • This public health statement tells you about vanadium and the effects of exposure to it. (cdc.gov)
  • Effects of Arsenic Trioxide Inhalation Exposure on Pulmonary Antibacterial Defenses in Mice. (epa.gov)
  • CIB 51: Carcinogenic Effects of Exposure to Propylene Oxide. (cdc.gov)
  • That is, if inhaled, are carbon nanotubes likely to cause irreparable and fatal effects such as those associated with asbestos exposure? (cdc.gov)
  • In spite of some recent studies describing effects after inhalation of formaldehyde far of the portal of entry, this assessment is still upheld after comparing these studies with key guideline studies of high validity. (europa.eu)
  • We illustrate these advances by the "network perturbation amplitude" methodology that quantifies the effects of exposure treatments on biological mechanisms represented by causal networks. (intechopen.com)
  • however, deal with massive, one-time injections or orally administered dosages and do not account for effects from exposure associated with soil or aquatic systems. (usda.gov)
  • A series of tests was designed and conducted to determine the actions and effects of illumination flare residues in relation to mammals (white mice), plants (various species), water chemistry (pH, Mg, and Na changes), fish (mosquito-fish, Gambusiaaffinis Batrd and Girard.and bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque), and leaching in a soil column. (usda.gov)
  • This project addresses Native American community concerns about health effects associated with exposure to uranium and co-occurring metals found at legacy uranium mining waste sites. (unm.edu)
  • However, the EPA notes that exposure to ethylene dichloride can cause serious health effects. (973thedawg.com)
  • Similar to the study effects measured with pigment-grade TiO2 particles, mice and rats had similar retained lung burdens at the end of the exposures, whereas hamsters had retained lung burdens that were significantly reduced. (ecetoc.org)
  • Concern about mold exposure and its effects are so common that all health care providers are frequently faced with issues regarding these real and asserted mold-related illnesses. (medscape.com)
  • In the second sub-challenge, participants will also have access to blood gene expression data from mice and will attempt to find species-independent gene signatures that can predict smoking exposure. (genomeweb.com)
  • Lung burdens in all three species decreased with time after cessation of exposures. (ecetoc.org)
  • however, the fraction of recovered PMNs at 52 weeks post-exposure was equivalent in the two species. (ecetoc.org)
  • ROS promote epigenetic remodeling and cardiac dysfunction in offspring following maternal engineered nanomaterial (ENM) exposure. (wvu.edu)
  • It presents an updated literature review of IBD mouse models and a description of possible mechanisms relevant to relationships between IBD and smoking. (intechopen.com)
  • We will explore mechanisms of EPFR-induced asthma and cardiovas- cular disease using mouse models exposed by inhalation. (hhs.gov)
  • Exposure to 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) in the occupational setting may lead to development of occupational asthma (OA), and the underlying molecular mechanisms of MDI-induced disease pathogenesis remain an active area of research. (cdc.gov)
  • We hypothesize that miR-206-3p and miR-381-3p-regulated mechanisms cause increased expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) after MDI aerosol exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Our studies will investigate the biologic consequences of mixed metals exposure in impacted communities. (unm.edu)
  • We will use biomonitoring to assess current exposures to mixed metals and metalloids. (unm.edu)
  • Our ultimate goal is to leverage mechanistic science toward development of interventional clinical trials to mitigate the health risks of ongoing metals exposures. (unm.edu)
  • The NTP data will then be shared with public health and regulatory agencies so they can set safe exposure levels for these compounds and develop guidance to protect the health of workers in occupations where these chemicals are used. (nih.gov)
  • The ERC is a risk-based approach that employs multiple metrics for both hazard and exposure, with weighted consideration of multiple lines of evidence for determining risk classification. (canada.ca)
  • A risk matrix is used to assign a low, moderate or high level of potential concern for substances on the basis of their hazard and exposure profiles. (canada.ca)
  • Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and neurobehavior in US children through 8 years of age: The HOME study. (cdc.gov)
  • In this study, the effect of TWK10 on the progression of age-related impairments was investigated in mice. (frontiersin.org)
  • Depending on study design, timing of selenium exposure during carcinogenesis, and combination with other chemicals, selenium treatment had either a protective role or increased tumor development. (dguv.de)
  • In this study, the antinociceptive activity of (-)-linalool was examined in two different pain models in mice: the acetic acid-induced writhing response, a model of inflammatory pain, and the hot plate test, a model of supraspinal analgesia. (researchgate.net)
  • In the first study with pigment-grade TiO2 particles, groups of female mice, rats and hamsters were exposed to 10, 50 or 250 mg/m3 TiO2 particles for 13 weeks and evaluated at several post-exposure time points up to 52 weeks (Bermudez et al, 2002). (ecetoc.org)
  • This information is important because these sites may be sources of exposure and exposure to this substance may be harmful. (cdc.gov)
  • however, cellular miR-206-3p and miR-381-3p responses after MDI aerosol exposure and their pathophysiological roles in MDI-OA are unknown. (cdc.gov)
  • Biological exposure indices. (cdc.gov)
  • a lesser degree and from higher exposure concentra- tions. (cdc.gov)
  • As a result, NIOSH recommends reducing exposure to the lowest feasible concentration. (cdc.gov)