• Together they generated the DBA (Dilute, Brown and non-Agouti) inbred mouse strain and initiated the systematic generation of inbred strains. (wikipedia.org)
  • The laboratory is also the world's source for more than 8,000 strains of genetically defined mice and is home of the Mouse Genome Informatics database. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are hundreds of established inbred, outbred, and transgenic strains. (wikipedia.org)
  • Inbred strains are the result of at least 20 generations of brother-sister mating. (uwm.edu)
  • There are over 400 documented inbred strains of mice. (uwm.edu)
  • Common inbred strains include BALB/c, C3H, C57BL/6 and DBA. (uwm.edu)
  • The objective of this study was to determine if there is variation in susceptibility of different strains of mice to MLA and to identify factors responsible for the variation that could be used as a model for cattle. (usda.gov)
  • The results of this study confirm previous reports that there is a fairly large animal to animal variability to larkspur toxicity, and that this variation is found across numerous strains of mice. (usda.gov)
  • The acute toxicity of methyllycaconitine (MLA) in ten different inbred strains of mice was compared. (usda.gov)
  • The white-footed mouse serves as a natural reservoir for AP-ha, and laboratory studies have shown that numerous inbred strains of mice (e.g. (cdc.gov)
  • We are using genetically modified mouse strains (knockouts, conditional knockouts, fluorescent reporter strains), and cytokine and chemokine neutralizing antibodies to identify the key proteins required for disease. (umassmed.edu)
  • Inbred strains of mice can be classified into 3 categories according to their resistance to infection with S.typhimurium: susceptible (BALB/c, C57BL/6, C3H/He), intermediate (DBA/2, C75L) and resistant (A, CBA). (prosci-inc.com)
  • In a retrospective study of 142 tumors observed over a period of 3 years, myoepitheliomas occurred spontaneously in A/HeJ, A/J, BALB/cJ, BALB/cByJ, LLC.A/Ckc, and NOD/Lt inbred strains of mice. (jax.org)
  • Using a pair of black mice from the Granby farm, Little develops the C57BL and C57BR strains. (jax.org)
  • In this model, mice are co-infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum , bacterial strains associated with human periodontal disease . (bvsalud.org)
  • Initially, four commercial inbred mouse strains were examined to calibrate the procedure and test for gender effects. (bvsalud.org)
  • These results strongly support the possibility of using the Collaborative Cross, as well as developing dedicated F2 (resistant x susceptible inbred strains ) resource populations , for future dissection of genetic factors in periodontitis . (bvsalud.org)
  • The induction of transplantation tolerance to H-2b alloantigens in BALB/c (H-2d) mice by neonatal injection of (C57BL/6 x BALB/c)F1 spleen cells, produces an autoimmune lupus-like syndrome due to an activation of persisting F1 donor B cells. (unige.ch)
  • The role of host T cells in this model was investigated by using athymic BALB/c nu/nu mice as recipients of normal (C57BL/6 x BALB.Igb)F1 spleen cells. (unige.ch)
  • Recombinant inbred strain, progenitor cross: (BALB/cBy female X C57BL/6By male). (jax.org)
  • The number of LPS- and of lipoprotein-reactive B cells in spleen was dependent upon the age of the mouse. (silverchair.com)
  • Targeting the IFN-g-chemokine axis for treatment of vitiligo: We are using our newly developed mouse model and human tissues from patients with vitiligo to identify the cytokines and chemokines that are expressed within the depigmenting skin and which skin cells produce them. (umassmed.edu)
  • One naturally occurring genetic defect in mice results in an animal with no hair that is called a nude. (uwm.edu)
  • Forty myoepitheliomas were tested by the avidin-biotin complex technique with a panel of antisera specific for mouse keratins, intermediate filaments, and other cytoskeletal proteins to determine the cell type from which this neoplasm originated. (jax.org)
  • We then injected 4T1 cells to both knockout mice (expression is usually ~3.6 fold higher in xenograft tumors of WT mice than in KO mice (KO, 10.75? (woofahs.com)
  • Lathrop sends mice that developed tumors to Leo Loeb at the University of Pennsylvania , who publishes pioneering papers on cancer. (jax.org)
  • Although IL-12 given alone to mice bearing tumors established for 3 days did not have consistent antitumor activity, a profound therapeutic effect was observed when IL-12 administration was combined with a recombinant vaccinia virus (rVV) encoding beta-gal called VJS6. (univr.it)
  • Balb/C, C3H, DBA/2) are also highly susceptible to infection ( 1 , 6 , 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Both the protein expression differences and the potential identification of genetic markers discovered in mice will provide the basis for future experiments to identify genetic factors that correlate with susceptibility to larkspur toxicity in cattle. (usda.gov)
  • Because it is unethical to expose humans to induce DA, we postulated that the use of a genetically diverse mouse model, the Collaborative-Cross (CCRIL), compared to an inbred mouse, BALB/cJ, will demonstrate how each reacts to low, medium, and high levels of HDI-IC to aid in the understanding of the cause of and susceptibility to DA in humans. (cdc.gov)
  • Genotype is an important determinant factor of host susceptibility to periodontitis in the Collaborative Cross and inbred mouse populations. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, we were able to detect low levels of sensitization using biomarkers of allergy and asthma in lung fluid and plasma of the exposed CCRILs and inbred mice and to demonstrate inter-strain differences after exposure to HDI-IC. (cdc.gov)
  • APPswe/PS1dE9 double transgenic (Tg) male and female mice and non-transgenic (non-Tg) littermates were trained on a delayed-matching-to-position (DMTP) or 3-choice serial reaction time (3CSRT) task. (abainternational.org)
  • Adult p107-null mice had elevated numbers of proliferating progenitor cells in their lateral ventricles. (rupress.org)
  • On the basis of the reported synergistic effects of IL-12 and the costimulatory molecule B7-1 (CD80) in vitro, we immunized mice with a double recombinant vaccinia encoding both the model tumor Ag and the costimulatory molecule B7-1, designated B7-1 beta-gal rVV. (univr.it)
  • The aim of this study was to determine the phenotypic response of inbred and Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse populations to periodontal bacterial challenge, using an experimental periodontitis model. (bvsalud.org)
  • In these "tolerized" BALB/c nu/nu mice, there was a persistence of F1 donor B cells but none of the autoimmune features were expressed, conversely to tolerized BALB/c nu/+ littermates. (unige.ch)
  • In the early part of the 20th century, Harvard undergraduate Clarence Cook Little was conducting studies on mouse genetics in the laboratory of William Ernest Castle. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Jackson Laboratory has made fundamental contributions to biomedical research, including cancer genetics and establishing the mouse as the premier research animal model. (jax.org)
  • Laboratory mice are usually of the species Mus musculus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine is currently one of the world's largest suppliers of laboratory mice, at around 3 million mice a year. (wikipedia.org)
  • More laboratory mice are used in research every year than any other animal species. (uwm.edu)
  • Myoepitheliomas in inbred laboratory mice. (jax.org)
  • Insect larvae such as tobacco hornworm can accelerate and economize preclinical research by complementing classic laboratory animals such as rats and mice. (uni-giessen.de)
  • Small mammals like mice or rats are indispensable for preclinical research. (uni-giessen.de)
  • BALB/cCrl mice were, however, found to have a mean heterozygosity of only 0.8% in their genome, and selection of breeders with a high similarity in the gut microbiota for three generations did not change the overall gut microbiota similarity, which was 66% in the P generation and 66%, 64% and 63% in the F1, F2 and F3 generations, respectively. (ku.dk)
  • The laboratory mouse genome has been sequenced and many mouse genes have human homologues. (wikipedia.org)
  • Annotation of mouse strain BALB/cJ genome assembly provided by GENCODE consortium. (jax.org)
  • J:259852 Mouse Genome Informatics and the WTSI Mouse Genomes Project, MGI Strain Genome Feature and Gene Model Load. (jax.org)
  • Clarence Cook Little begins to develop the first inbred strain, designated DBA for dilute, brown, and non-agouti. (jax.org)
  • Halsey Bagg develops the BALB /c ( Bagg albino) mouse for behavioral experiments. (jax.org)
  • Therefore increased interindividual gut microbiota similarity may be seen as a way to reduce group sizes in mouse experiments. (ku.dk)
  • The experiments were carried out on brain tissues of neuroblastoma-bearing, glioma-bearing, and healthy mice. (nih.gov)
  • In 1902 Lucien Cuénot published the results of his experiments using mice which showed that Mendel's laws of inheritance were also valid for animals - results that were soon confirmed and extended to other species. (wikipedia.org)
  • In longevity experiments, 16 female 11-mon-old BALB/c mice and both genders of 12-mon-old ICR mice were daily fed with BPSP supplemented diets at doses of 0, 0.1 and 0.5 g BPSP/kg bw for 750 and 762 days, respectively. (scirp.org)
  • It is of merit to demonstrate that peanut kernels as a potent producer could be bio-elicited to biosynthesize a broad spectrum of bioactive stilbenes to prepare BPSP which is effective to extend mouse longevity as science-evidenced by the two long-term animal experiments. (scirp.org)
  • Experiments with B cell deficient mice have demonstrated that B cells and antibodies are essential for complete clearance of parasites from blood of the host [2]. (omicsonline.org)
  • In conclusion, this study provides critical insight into how genetically different mice react to different levels of HDI-IC exposure and further shows that the use of the genetically diverse mouse model is required to investigate the mechanism and risk of skin sensitization and development of DA due to diisocyanate exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • No LPS-reactive cells but normal frequencies of lipoprotein-reactive cells were found in C3H/HeJ mice, genetically nonreactive to LPS. (silverchair.com)
  • Inhibition of EHMT2 expression or activity in human ERMS cell lines reduced DKK1 expression and elevated canonical Wnt signaling resulting in myogenic differentiation in vitro and in mouse xenograft models in vivo. (elifesciences.org)
  • Increased gut microbiota similarity in closely related mice in inbred mouse colonies is, therefore, more likely to be caused by other factors, such as imprinting or different intrauterine conditions, rather than by residual heterozygosity. (ku.dk)
  • Various subsets of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells with different cytokine productions develop in the mouse thymus, but the factors driving their differentiation remain unclear. (nih.gov)
  • Potential factors contributing to lack of impairment in DMTP/3CSRT performance in the APPswe/PS1dE9 double mouse model of AD-associated amyloidosis will be discussed. (abainternational.org)
  • These mice have deficiencies in their immune systems and thereby prove valuable in the study of immune diseases and cancer. (uwm.edu)
  • More strikingly, a similar triggering of the autoimmune syndrome, including high titers of anti-DNA IgG antibodies and circulating immune complexes, was observed after injection of CD4+CD8- T cells from 2-wk-old tolerant BALB/c mice into "tolerized" BALB/c nu/nu mice. (unige.ch)
  • This study determined the immune correlates induced by serial dilutions of rAd vaccines delivered intramuscularly (IM) and intranasally (IN) to mice and rats. (mdpi.com)
  • A final vaccine analysis using a lethal influenza virus challenge showed that despite the differences in the immune responses observed in the mice, the mice had very similar patterns of protection. (mdpi.com)
  • Since a limited number of studies regarding the effects of melittin on the immune system have been carried out, we aimed to evaluate the effects of melittin on BALB/c mice immune system parameters. (biomedcentral.com)
  • According to our results, melittin at 0.75 and 1.5 mg/kg doses could not induce significant changes on immune parameters and as a result, melittin was found to be safe for the mice immune system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since melittin has multiple claimed therapeutic features and in other side, there is a limited number of studies regarding its effects on the immune system, we aimed to evaluate the immunotoxic/immunomodulatory properties of melittin in BALB/c mice with a tiered approach immunotoxicity screening. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Differences were considered statistically significant when knockout mouse with BALB/c background, and inoculate syngeneic mammary tumor cell line 4?T1 cells to evaluate the role of ADAMTS-18 in breast cancer. (woofahs.com)
  • In a mouse experimental arthritis model, NKT17 cells are increased as the disease progresses, while NKT1 numbers negatively correlates with disease severity, with this protective effect of NKT1 linked to their IFN-γ expression. (nih.gov)
  • These results imply that CD4+ T cells from the tolerant mice are necessary for the activation of autoreactive F1 B cells and for the development of the autoimmune syndrome occurring in this model. (unige.ch)
  • They also suggest that, although there is a marked depletion of H-2b-specific alloreactive CTL precursors in those neonatally tolerized mice, this state of tolerance can be associated with the persistence of H-2b-specific alloreactive CD4+ cells. (unige.ch)
  • Kumar V, Rakha A, Saroa R, Bagai U (2015) CD4+T Cells Expansion in P. berghei (NK-65) Infected and Immunized BALB/C Mice. (omicsonline.org)
  • Second, we are developing humanized mouse models of vitiligo, where we transfer human T cells, or both T cells and skin, from vitiligo patients to immunosuppressed mice that permit the growth of human tissues. (umassmed.edu)
  • The benefit of this approach is that we can study the key cells that participate in vitiligo directly from patients, without variables that may change them, including their transfer into mice. (umassmed.edu)
  • Antibodies directed against the specific mouse keratins K5, K6, and K14, and a broadly cross-reactive cytokeratin antibody stained acinar and ductal myoepithelial cells in normal mammary, salivary, and Harderian glands, and neoplastic cells in all cases. (jax.org)
  • The strain is now valued as a source of embryonic stem cells for making knockout mice. (jax.org)
  • Frequencies of mitogen-reactive B cells in the mouse. (silverchair.com)
  • and CBA and A/J. Very similar frequencies are found for lipoprotein-reactive B cells in BALB/c, BALB/c ν/ν, C3H/Tif, and C3H/HeJ mice. (silverchair.com)
  • SJL mice had significantly lower frequencies of LPS- and of lipoprotein-reactive B cells (1 in approximately 30 B cells). (silverchair.com)
  • LPS-reactive B cells yielding IgM- and IgG-PFC responses could be found in mesenteric lymph nodes, bone marrow, thymus, thoracic duct, and peripheral blood of 6- to 8-wk old mice. (silverchair.com)
  • Methods: Murine MM cells infected with a lentiviral vector expressing the luciferase gene were injected into the peritoneum of 14 BALB/c mice (7 × 104 AB1-B/c-LUC cells). (uninsubria.it)
  • Other mouse species sometimes used in laboratory research include two American species, the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) and the North American deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus). (wikipedia.org)
  • Three mammalian species are reservoir competent: the white-footed mouse ( Peromyscus leucopus ), raccoon ( Procyon lotor ), and gray squirrel ( Sciurus carolinensis ), although serologic and molecular evidence has suggested that numerous other small, medium, and large mammals may also be reservoirs ( 1 , 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Initially sought as pets, the Granby mice become important in research. (jax.org)
  • The most commonly used methods for catching and picking up mice are grasping the animal near the tip of the tail, between thumb and forefinger, or by grasping the tail near the base or the neck between the ends of a smooth tipped forceps. (uwm.edu)
  • Methods Animal studies In our laboratory heterozygote mice (knockout mice (values were decided Dehydrocorydaline supplier through the two-tailed Students test. (woofahs.com)
  • Male BALB/c mice were exposed head/nose-only during three consecutive days for 45, 90, 180, or 360 min/day to et al. (cdc.gov)
  • The mouse has since been used extensively as a model organism and is associated with many important biological discoveries of the 20th and 21st Centuries. (wikipedia.org)
  • The recently described toxin biliatresone causes lumen obstruction in mouse cholangiocyte spheroids and represents a new model of biliary atresia. (nih.gov)
  • 11 per high power field (HFP), has weakly endogenous ADAMTS-18 expression, and ADAMTS-18 Dehydrocorydaline supplier in the host mouse exerts little effect on breast tumor progression in murine 4?T1 breast cancer model. (woofahs.com)
  • The first paper will examine correlates among attending, impulsive behavior, and short-term remembering in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. (abainternational.org)
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate cognitive impairment in a mouse model of AD-associated amyloidosis. (abainternational.org)
  • First, we use a mouse model of vitiligo that we developed, where the mice get spots of vitiligo on their ears, tails, feet and noses. (umassmed.edu)
  • Title : Short-term and repeated exposure to particulate matter sizes from Imperial Valley, California to induce inflammation and asthmatic-like symptoms in mice Personal Author(s) : D'Evelyn, Savannah M.;Bein, Keith J.;Laing, Emilia A.;Nyguen, Tran;Wu, Ching-Wen;Zhang, Qi;Pinkerton, Kent E. (cdc.gov)
  • Little and Castle collaborated closely with Abbie Lathrop who was a breeder of fancy mice and rats which she marketed to rodent hobbyists and keepers of exotic pets, and later began selling in large numbers to scientific researchers. (wikipedia.org)
  • The IM immunized mice and rats also showed significant dose-dependent T cell responses to the rAd vaccine. (mdpi.com)
  • However, the T cell immunity plateaued in both mice and rats at 10 9 and 10 10 vp/animal, respectively. (mdpi.com)
  • Additionally, the highest dose of vaccine in mice and rats did not improve the T cell responses. (mdpi.com)
  • Inflammatory diseases in mouse models are under strong impact from the gut microbiota. (ku.dk)
  • This close relationship, the associated high homology with humans, their ease of maintenance and handling, and their high reproduction rate, make mice particularly suitable models for human-oriented research. (wikipedia.org)
  • Based on the resultant survival curves and average lifespans of both mouse models, basal diets supplemented with BPSP are effective to extend mouse longevity by a dose dependent manner. (scirp.org)
  • We also observed different forms of asthma in response to HDI-IC treatment between the mouse models. (cdc.gov)
  • Examining these mice from many angles, their disease looks very much like human vitiligo. (umassmed.edu)
  • We treated mouse cholangiocytes in three-dimensional (3D) spheroid culture and neonatal extrahepatic duct explants with biliatresone and compounds that regulate glutathione (GSH). (nih.gov)
  • The injection of CD4+CD8- T lymphocytes from adult normal BALB/c mice in 3-wk-old tolerized BALB/c nu/nu mice triggered the appearance of all the autoimmune findings observed in euthymic tolerant mice. (unige.ch)
  • Young mice ( pups) should be grasped by the cupping the hands around the whole body or by grasping the skin across the shoulder blades with a forceps. (uwm.edu)
  • Mice belong to the Euarchontoglires clade, which includes humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mice are mammals of the clade (a group consisting of an ancestor and all its descendants) Euarchontoglires, which means they are amongst the closest non-primate relatives of humans along with lagomorphs, treeshrews, and flying lemurs. (wikipedia.org)
  • First successful transplantations of ovaries between female mice are performed by William Russell at JAX. (jax.org)
  • Female BALB /c mice were treated intraperitoneally (i.p) with 0.75 and 1.5 mg/kg doses of melittin for 14 days (5 doses per week). (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1939 International Committee on Standardized Nomenclature for Mice begins, bringing order to the naming of mice and their genes. (jax.org)
  • The investment in training should be outweighed by the benefits observed with more reliable behavioral and physiological responses in the mice. (uwm.edu)
  • Figure 1) If the skin is grasped too far from the head the mouse will be able to turn and bite the handler. (uwm.edu)
  • Gender effects on bone volume were tested across the four inbred and 23 CC lines, and found not to be significant. (bvsalud.org)
  • Re-evaluation of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in the mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay: Observation of a positive response. (cdc.gov)
  • Plastic restraint devices can be used to hold mice and other rodents for longer periods of time. (uwm.edu)
  • When immunized IM, mice had substantially higher antibody responses at the higher vaccine doses, whereas, the IN immunized mice showed a lower response to the higher rAd vaccine doses. (mdpi.com)
  • Mice have been used in biomedical research since the 17th century (from May 30, 1678) when William Harvey used them for his studies on reproduction and blood circulation and Robert Hooke used them to investigate the biological consequences of an increase in air pressure. (wikipedia.org)
  • This study was to investigate the expression change of TSLP and IL-4 in ocular surface tissue and cervical lymph node in the mice with allergic conjunctivitis induced by artemisia annua, a common plant in China, and to explore the role of TSLP and IL-4 in the pathogenesis and development of allergic conjunctivitis. (cjeo-journal.org)
  • Results: In the first experiment, none of the 7 controls survived beyond day 27, whereas 4/7 BoxA-treated mice (57.1%) survived up to day 70. (uninsubria.it)
  • Peter Gorer shows in mouse studies at JAX that transplant rejection is primarily governed by what he calls the H2 genetic locus, later described as the major histocompatibility complex, a key component of immunity. (jax.org)