AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth Care
Insulin ResistanceInsulinObesityReceptor, InsulinBlood GlucoseGlucoseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glucose Tolerance TestAdipose TissueGlucose Clamp TechniqueInsulin Receptor Substrate ProteinsHyperinsulinismDrug ResistanceBody Mass IndexHypoglycemic AgentsDrug Resistance, MicrobialMuscle, SkeletalObesity, MorbidMetabolic Syndrome XDrug Resistance, BacterialAdiponectinLeptinObesity, AbdominalAdipocytesFastingLiverBody WeightTriglyceridesDietary FatsGlucose IntoleranceFatty LiverFatty Acids, NonesterifiedDrug Resistance, NeoplasmHyperglycemiaAdiposityHomeostasisSignal TransductionMice, ObeseGlucose Transporter Type 4Lipid MetabolismLipidsIslets of LangerhansRisk FactorsDiet, High-FatInsulin-Secreting CellsInsulin, Long-ActingBody CompositionPediatric ObesityDiabetes MellitusIntra-Abdominal FatMice, Inbred C57BLDrug Resistance, MultipleInsulin AntibodiesAdipokinesVascular ResistanceDisease ResistanceEnergy MetabolismResistinOverweightPolycystic Ovary SyndromeRats, ZuckerC-PeptideThiazolidinedionesInsulin Antagonists3T3-L1 CellsPhosphorylationDietInflammationDrug Resistance, ViralDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialTime FactorsMice, KnockoutProto-Oncogene Proteins c-aktDeoxyglucoseCross-Sectional StudiesEatingAnti-Bacterial AgentsMetforminMetabolic DiseasesWeight LossInsulin LisproBlood PressureProinsulinAdipose Tissue, WhiteGlucagonFatty AcidsSubcutaneous FatWeight GainMutationLipolysisBiological MarkersRNA, MessengerReference ValuesThinnessAbdominal FatDisease Models, AnimalMicrobial Sensitivity TestsRats, WistarWaist CircumferenceFructose
SensitivityDiabetesDiet-induced obesitySecretionMetabolismInflammationSkeletal muscleKnockoutReductionAdipocytesOxidativeHyperlipidemiaTissuesAdipocyteC57BLInducesReceptorPancreaticDevelopment of obesityAdministration of insulinDeficiencyAcuteInduceObese miceHepaticHyperinsulinemiaAggravateHumansTypePathwayImprovesMale miceGeneRatsDysregulationHigh fat dietHypertensionAnti-inflammatoryNeuroinflammationEnergy expenditureTransgenicIncreasesWhite adiposCytokinesProteinManifestAccumulationCharacterizesLigandsAdiposityAdiponectinAdipogenesisNAFLDLipogenesisSuggestsSteatosisVitroLevelsMetabolic syndrome
Sensitivity15
  • These animals showed no alterations in body weight and fat content but exhibited a reduction in insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. (uni-koeln.de)
  • While the physiological role of adipose tissue in cholesterol and oxLDL metabolism remains to be established, the induction of OLR1 is a potential means by which PPARγ ligands regulate lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in adipocytes. (jci.org)
  • IR is present in all phenotypes, and insulin sensitivity varies according to the PCOS phenotype. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, recognizing the strong influence of IR on the occurrence and development of PCOS, accurate assessment of insulin sensitivity in the early stages of PCOS, and effective intervention on IR are essential to reduce the risk of long-term complications. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, the reduction in whole-body insulin sensitivity during IH was not restored by ANS blockade. (atsjournals.org)
  • However, technical demands associated with directly assessing insulin sensitivity using the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, and a lack of studies in animal models, have precluded demonstrating that a cause-and-effect relationship exists between OSA and insulin resistance independent of obesity. (atsjournals.org)
  • Taken together, the transient changes in brain insulin sensitivity following TBI suggest a reduced capacity of the injured brain to respond to the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory actions of insulin and Akt signalling, and thus may be a contributing factor for the damaging neuroinflammation and long-lasting deficits that occur following TBI. (qxmd.com)
  • Ablation of ghrelin receptor reduces adiposity and improves insulin sensitivity during aging by regulating fat metabolism in white and brown adipose tissues. (tamu.edu)
  • In this study, we show that ablation of the ghrelin receptor (growth hormone secretagogue receptor, GHS-R) improves insulin sensitivity during aging. (tamu.edu)
  • We have developed expertise in in vivo investigation of lipid and glucose metabolism, insulin secretion and sensitivity, and vascular biology and in human physiological studies, leading to discovery of attractive drug targets that have been either patented or being investigated for their utility in treatment of fatty liver disease and diabetes in 2 clinical trials in the outlier populations of Fars/Iran. (yale.edu)
  • The characterization of this protein in vivo has shown that it widely expressed in different tissues and circulates in the blood, its levels rise after food intake in humans and stimulates insulin secretion and sensitivity and inhibits platelet aggregation. (yale.edu)
  • This deficit in glucose/insulin sensitivity can be partially rescued in Noc-/- mice through transgenic overexpression of WT NOC, but not a catalytically dead mutant NOC that cannot function as a deadenylase. (tdl.org)
  • Mice lacking the ptpn1 gene exhibit increased insulin sensitivity owing to enhanced phosphorylation of IR in liver and skeletal muscle, resistance to weight gain on a high-fat diet, and an increased basal metabolic rate. (ajptonline.com)
  • This, in turn, impaired insulin sensitivity in mouse models. (arizona.edu)
  • In obesity , a decreased sensitivity to leptin occurs (similar to insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes ), resulting in an inability to detect satiety despite high energy stores and high levels of leptin. (cloudfront.net)
Diabetes32
  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive metabolic disease characterized by pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and peripheral insulin resistance, leading to defects in glucose metabolism and chronic low-grade inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
  • The progression from insulin resistance to type 2 diabetes is caused by the failure of pancreatic β cells to produce sufficient levels of insulin to meet the metabolic demand. (jci.org)
  • We assessed the effect of Chop deletion in multiple mouse models of type 2 diabetes and found that Chop -/- mice had improved glycemic control and expanded β cell mass in all conditions analyzed. (jci.org)
  • The worldwide epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes has focused attention on adipocyte biology and the role of adipose tissue in the integration of systemic metabolism ( 1 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Obesity can be viewed as a state of long-term lipid disequilibrium that is marked by massive adipocyte hypertrophy and is a major risk factor for developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. (jci.org)
  • Compounding the data on unfavorable trends in obesity is a plethora of evidence linking both diabetes and obesity with a host of unfavorable outcomes including mortality. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Given the strong associations among obesity, diabetes, and mortality, a new study by Carnethon et al. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • These findings suggest that AdipoRs' agonists could be developed into a potential therapeutic agent for metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, especially for type II diabetes, a long-term metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. (phoenixpeptide.com)
  • PEGylated BHD1028 exhibited its biological activity at nano-molar concentration and could be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetes. (phoenixpeptide.com)
  • Elevated blood triacylglycerol (TG) is a significant contributing factor to the current epidemic of obesity-related health disorders, including type-2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Emerging evidence suggests that blockers of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) prevent new onset diabetes and improve insulin resistance. (uky.edu)
  • In preclinical studies, Nicotinamide Mononucleotide work on mice has proved to be handy in cellular biochemical activities, management of Alzheimer's disease, age-related diabetes, complications that arise from obesity, and cardioprotection. (articlecity.com)
  • Insuf﫿cient adipose lipid storage is asso- ciated with many pathological conditions including hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. (deepdyve.com)
  • both contribute to increased incidences of obesity and type 2 diabetes. (tamu.edu)
  • The presence of Akkermansia muciniphila in the adult gut is associated with lower rates of cardiovascular disease and protection against type 2 diabetes, obesity, and chronic, low-grade inflammation. (layerorigin.com)
  • Dr. David Hill is the director of the Lawson Health Research Institute , researching the development of insulin-producing beta cells , studying growth factors and development in animal models in the context of possible therapy targets for gestational, Type 1, and Type 2 Diabetes . (bepress.com)
  • This suggests that progenitor cells with the potential to become insulin-producing cells exist throughout life and may represent a source of β-cell plasticity to reverse diabetes. (bepress.com)
  • As a step towards mobilizing these cells we have examined the ability of grafted bone marrow-derived stem cells to reverse diabetes in mice. (bepress.com)
  • We are now following up both women and their offspring from the previous study to determine the extent to which interventions in pregnancy alter the development of subsequent type 2 diabetes in the mothers, and the development of obesity and glucose intolerance in the offspring. (bepress.com)
  • One of our recent groundbreaking discoveries was the identification of novel loss of function mutations in a gene encoding the pancreatic exocrine elastase Cela2a in patients with diabetes, CAD and MetS traits, including obesity, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, NAFLD (OMIM: AOMS4). (yale.edu)
  • This new understanding of the relationship between Nocturnin, the circadian system and metabolism will help guide the treatment of conditions such as obesity and diabetes. (tdl.org)
  • So it is a potential therapeutic target for insulin resistance associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. (ajptonline.com)
  • Type 2 diabetes is typified by insulin-resistance in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver, leading to chronic hyperglycemia. (arizona.edu)
  • Additionally, obesity and type 2 diabetes are characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation. (arizona.edu)
  • Hyperlipidemia, characterized by the abnormal blood lipid profiles, is one of the dominant factors of many chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). (hindawi.com)
  • Apart from CVD, hyperlipidemia is also closely associated with diabetes, insulin resistance, and obesity [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • A review published in the journal Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism identified a similar benefit, with cinnamon being directly linked to stable blood sugar levels and even reduced appetite and hunger. (superfoods.news)
  • The mice in the experiment group were treated with Chinese cinnamon extract daily and were compared with the control group, as well as those who were treated with the anti-diabetes drug metformin . (superfoods.news)
  • The rats also exhibited decreased glucose tolerance and insulin resistance, both of which are risk factors for diabetes. (superfoods.news)
  • thus, the term type 3 diabetes has been proposed to define insulin resistance-induced AD [6]. (lacbiosafety.org)
  • It's also used for high levels of cholesterol or other fats (lipids) in the blood, diabetes, obesity, and many other conditions. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In a cross-sectional study of 48 AD patients without diabetes, 20 cognitively normal diabetic patients, 16 patients with frontotemporal dementia, and 84 cognitively normal controls, researchers found that dysfunctionally phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), a neuronal protein, is detectable in blood using exosome-based technology and may be able to predict AD up to 10 years before the appearance of symptoms. (medscape.com)
Diet-induced obesity5
Secretion6
  • However, they also exhibit improved glucose tolerance as a result of enhanced insulin secretion. (wikipedia.org)
  • The enhancement of insulin secretion resulted from the down-regulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) in white adipose tissue and a consequently reduced level of oxidative stress. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is supported by the findings that restoration of SCD1 expression in WAT of aP2-KLF15 Tg mice exhibited increased oxidative stress in WAT and reduced insulin secretion with hyperglycemia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Angiotensin II (AngII), the primary peptide of the RAS, promotes oxidative stress and reduced insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells. (uky.edu)
  • Preliminary data demonstrate that AngII totally abolished glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from isolated pancreatic islets of 4 month HF-fed obese mice. (uky.edu)
  • Finally, we will investigate AngII/AT1R-stimulated oxidative stress as the mechanism for AngII-induced reductions in insulin secretion from pancreatic islets of obese mice. (uky.edu)
Metabolism8
  • Impaired glucose metabolism originated from attenuated insulin-stimulated glucose transport in skeletal muscle and fat. (uni-koeln.de)
  • The circadian clock component NR1D1 (REVERBα) is considered a dominant regulator of lipid metabolism, with global Nr1d1 deletion driving dysregulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) lipogenesis and obesity. (elifesciences.org)
  • thus, the mechanism underlying the effect of FOS on lipid metabolism in the liver or visceral fat levels cannot be examined, whereas the monosodium glutamate (MSG)-treated mouse is an appropriate animal model of NASH. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Further, ADP-1 beneficially affected lipid metabolism by enhancing lipid globule formation in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (phoenixpeptide.com)
  • In adipocyte Senp2-de﫿ciency mice, accumulation of the SUMOylated Setdb1 suppressed the expression of Pparg and Cebpa genes as well as lipid metabolism-related target genes, which would decrease the ability of lipid storage in adipocytes. (deepdyve.com)
  • I explored NOC's role in metabolism by exposing Wildtype (WT) and Noc-/- mice to nutrient challenges consisting of High Fat Diet (HFD) and fasting/refeeding. (tdl.org)
  • The deadenylase activity of NOC is thus important for these metabolic phenotypes and I found that genes associated with bile acid, cholesterol and glucose metabolism have altered Poly(A) tail length regulation in Noc-/- mice and thus represent possible targets of NOC. (tdl.org)
  • Pharmacological evaluation showed pterostilbene could ameliorate cognitive dysfunction, regulate glycolipid metabolism disorders, improve neuronal damage, and reduce the accumulation of β-amyloid in DCI mice. (qualitycounts.com)
Inflammation4
Skeletal muscle1
  • Our results suggest CC [ Cinnamomum cassia ] extract controls weight gain in obese mice by inhibiting lipid accumulation and increasing energy expenditure, and that its action mechanism involves the up-regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle cells," the researchers concluded in their report . (superfoods.news)
Knockout4
  • Although less fat stor- adqcKO pose lipid storage in adipocyte-speci﫿c Senp2 knockout mice fed age was shown in Senp2 adipose tissues, the increased with high-fat diets (HFD). (deepdyve.com)
  • Senp2 knockout mice exhibited a lipodystrophy-like phenotype. (deepdyve.com)
  • HGF and Met knockout (KO) mice are embryonically lethal. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • After 12 weeks of HFD challenge, Ucp2 knockout (KO) mice maintained relatively lean phenotypes compared to wild-type (WT) mice. (bmbreports.org)
Reduction4
  • Lcn2 serum levels are elevated in multiple rodent models of obesity, and forced reduction of Lcn2 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes improves insulin action. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In NASH, dysbiosis can stem from an unbalanced diet or obesity, and a reduction in the production of SCFA can lead to a dysfunctional intestinal mucosal barrier and immunological disorders [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Obese mice that underwent a TBI exhibited a prolonged reduction of Akt (also known as protein kinase B) signalling, exacerbated neuroinflammation (microglial activation), learning and memory deficits, and anxiety-like behaviours. (qxmd.com)
  • Rad51b c.92delT/c.92delT mice exhibited meiotic DNA repair defects due to RAD51 and HSF2BP/BMRE1 accumulation in the chromosome axes leading to a reduction in the number of crossovers. (nature.com)
Adipocytes4
  • To assess effects on insulin action, we used retroviral delivery of short hairpin RNA to reduce Lcn2 levels in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Importantly, NR1D1 action in adipocytes is critical to the development of obesity-related WAT pathology and insulin resistance. (elifesciences.org)
  • Here we report that antidiabetic thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and other ligands for the nuclear receptor PPARγ dramatically upregulate oxidized LDL receptor 1 (OLR1) in adipocytes by facilitating the exchange of coactivators for corepressors on the OLR1 gene in cultured mouse adipocytes. (jci.org)
  • After analyzing liver tissues from the rats, the team noted that the extract suppressed lipid accumulation and decreased the size of fat cells (adipocytes), two factors that are linked to obesity risk, according to a study in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition . (superfoods.news)
Oxidative5
  • In addition, we found that isolated islets from Chop -/- mice displayed increased expression of UPR and oxidative stress response genes and reduced levels of oxidative damage. (jci.org)
  • These findings suggest that CHOP is a fundamental factor that links protein misfolding in the ER to oxidative stress and apoptosis in β cells under conditions of increased insulin demand. (jci.org)
  • We conclude that IH can cause acute insulin resistance in otherwise lean, healthy animals, and that the response is associated with decreased glucose utilization of oxidative muscle fibers, but that it occurs independently of activation of the ANS. (atsjournals.org)
  • Lycopene prevents Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced mitophagy and oxidative stress in mice heart via modulating mitochondrial homeostasis. (cabi.org)
  • Compensating for the loss of ClpP in the substantia nigra of αSyn A53T mice by viral expression of ClpP suppresses mitochondrial oxidative damage, and reduces αSyn pathology and behavioral deficits of mice. (springer.com)
Hyperlipidemia1
  • Hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance are major inducers of the chronic low-grade inflammatory state that characterizes the diabetic heart. (hindawi.com)
Tissues4
  • The proportion of immune cells in mouse liver tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry, Multiplex bead immunoassay and Luminex technology was used to detecte the expression of cytokines in mouse liver tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we observed the overexpression of SUMO-speci﫿c protease 2 (Senp2) in adipose tissues during obesity. (deepdyve.com)
  • While GHS-R expression in white and brown adipose tissues was below the detectable level in the young mice, GHS-R expression was readily detectable in visceral white fat and interscapular brown fat of the old mice. (tamu.edu)
  • The levels of insulin receptor were generally higher in insulin-responsive tissues (especially the liver) from female MARCH1 KO mice compared to males, with the potential to account in part for the differences between male and female MARCH1 KO mice. (arizona.edu)
Adipocyte3
  • Adipocyte Senp2 de﫿ciency resulted in less adipose lipid storage accompanied by an ectopic fat accumulation and insulin resistance under high-fat diet feed- ing. (deepdyve.com)
  • This mouse also showed an ectopic lipid in﫿ammation indicates that HFD induced adipocyte death would distribution and insulin resistance. (deepdyve.com)
  • adqcKO Mechanistically, adipocyte Senp2 de﫿ciency caused the downregula- Senp2 mice exhibit an ectopic lipid accumulation and tion of Pparg and Cebpa as well as their downstream target genes insulin resistance related to lipid storage. (deepdyve.com)
C57BL4
  • Twelve newborn C57BL/6 J male mice were subcutaneously injected with monosodium glutamate (MSG) to induce obesity on a conventional diet. (biomedcentral.com)
  • C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal or HFHCCC diet for 24 weeks, and the immune response characteristics of this model were evaluated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For the in vivo assay, C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to three groups ( n = 5), including the normal diet group, the HFD group and the HFD+EtOAc group. (medsci.org)
  • They selected male C57BL/6 mice and fed them with either normal chow or a high-fat diet for four months. (superfoods.news)
Induces1
Receptor8
  • To specifically define the role of hepatic IL-6 signaling in insulin action and resistance, we have generated mice with hepatocyte-specific IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) alpha deficiency (IL-6R alpha(L-KO) mice). (uni-koeln.de)
  • Growth hormone secretagogue receptor antagonists may be a new means of combating obesity by shifting the energy balance from obesogenesis to thermogenesis. (tamu.edu)
  • MARCH1 was recently found to negatively regulate the cell surface levels of the insulin receptor via ubiquitination. (arizona.edu)
  • Impaired dendritic growth and positioning of cortical pyramidal neurons by activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling in the developing mouse. (waseda.jp)
  • This altered shape conformation is responsible for reduced affinity of synaptic insulin receptor for its ligand [9]. (lacbiosafety.org)
  • Neuropathology of AD is characterized by loss of synapses, while insulin receptor signalling increases synaptic density. (lacbiosafety.org)
  • Central obesity, defined as both high body mass index and imply waist circumference, represents a well-known risk factor for the development of insulin resistance, through an increased inflammatory response that alters insulin receptor signalling pathway. (lacbiosafety.org)
  • An international study published recently in the journal Brain and led by a research team from Lund University in collaboration with University of Rome La Sapeinza and Washington University at St. Louis, shows promising results in mice and rats that were treated with a class of substances that inhibit the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR5), a receptor that regulates communication in the brain's nerve cell network. (lu.se)
Pancreatic6
  • Of note, ADP-1 decreased blood glucose levels and enhanced insulin production in pancreatic β cells in db/db mice. (phoenixpeptide.com)
  • Type 2 diabetics progress from hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance to gradual declines in pancreatic beta-cell failure, necessitating the administration of insulin to assist in glycemic control. (uky.edu)
  • The hypothesis of this pilot project is that pancreatic AT1aR deficiency will improve GSIS from pancreatic islets and whole body glucose tolerance in obese mice. (uky.edu)
  • Since preliminary data demonstrate that AT1R blockade improves glucose tolerance in obese mice, we will determine the role of pancreatic AT1aR in effectiveness of losartan to improve whole body glycemic control in obese mice. (uky.edu)
  • Aim 1 will determine if pancreatic AT1aR deficiency improves glycemic control and GSIS in obese versus lean mice. (uky.edu)
  • Aim 2 will define efficacy of losartan, an AT1R antagonist, on glucose tolerance in obese mice lacking pancreatic AT1aR. (uky.edu)
Development of obesity1
Administration of insulin1
  • Indeed, while an acute administration of insulin may improve memory domains, dysfunctions in delayed memory process can result from chronic administration [9]. (lacbiosafety.org)
Deficiency2
  • A deficiency of the KLF15 gene in mice was shown to prevent the efficient burning of fat and prevent mice from sustaining aerobic exercise. (wikipedia.org)
  • In both genetic and diet-induced models of insulin resistance, CHOP deficiency improved β cell ultrastructure and promoted cell survival. (jci.org)
Acute1
  • Here we show that TBI induced acute brain insulin resistance, which resolved within 7 days following a single injury but persisted until 28 days following repeated injuries. (qxmd.com)
Induce1
Obese mice2
Hepatic4
  • Insulin and its counteracting hormones regulate the hepatic expression of KLF15. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hepatic steatosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and hepatocyte ballooning in the liver and increased hepatic mRNA expression of fatty acid synthase and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase were observed in the MSG-treated mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The results showed that mice treated with HFHCCC diet exhibited remarkably increased hepatic triglycerides (TG) content, and the increase in plasma transaminases resulted in hepatocyte injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hepatic Noc expression oscillates in WT mice fed a High Fat Diet (HFD) but with increased amplitude. (tdl.org)
Hyperinsulinemia1
  • 2. DM and AD: Shared Pathophysiological Components Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, two of the hallmarks of type II DM (T2DM), have been shown to be important risk factors for elderly cognitive decline [10]. (lacbiosafety.org)
Aggravate1
Humans3
  • KLF15 levels in both humans and mice increase two to three times in response to exercise and control the ability of muscle tissue to burn fat and generate force. (wikipedia.org)
  • The work, done with mice and humans, suggests that artificial sweeteners could raise your blood sugar levels more than if you indulged in sugar-sweetened sodas and desserts. (livingwithdiabetes.info)
  • In the latest research, what we are seeing in humans and also in mice is this previously unappreciated correlation between artificial sweetener use and microorganisms in the gut, said Eran Elinav, MD, one of the scientists involved in the new study. (livingwithdiabetes.info)
Type2
  • Compared to wild-type (WT) mice, old Ghsr(-/-) mice have reduced fat and preserve a healthier lipid profile. (tamu.edu)
  • For the study, the team looked at whether Chinese cinnamon - the most ubiquitous type of cinnamon - has anti-obesity properties using in vivo and in vitro methods. (superfoods.news)
Pathway2
  • Although many clinical physiology and epidemiology studies show an association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and markers of insulin resistance, no causal pathway has been established. (atsjournals.org)
  • Conditional Met KO mice were generated using Cre‑loxP methodology and characterization of these mice indicated that the HGF‑Met signaling pathway is essential in regeneration, protection, and homeostasis in various tissue types and cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Improves1
Male mice1
Gene1
Rats1
Dysregulation2
  • The purpose of this study was to determine how expression of Lcn2 is regulated in fat cells and to ascertain whether Lcn2 could be involved in metabolic dysregulation associated with obesity. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • This dysregulation results in Noc-/- mice having significantly increased gallbladder volumes during times of fasting. (tdl.org)
High fat diet2
  • In this study, the effects of R. oldhamii leaf extract on inhibiting the free fatty acid (FFA)-induced accumulation of fat in HepG2 cells and on improving fatty liver syndrome in mice with high fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD were investigated. (medsci.org)
  • In the present study, we have investigated the role of Ucp2 against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). (bmbreports.org)
Hypertension1
  • A large body of evidence supports the concept that the physiologic disturbances of OSA can cause systemic hypertension, a component of the metabolic syndrome, independent of the effects of obesity ( 2 - 5 ). (atsjournals.org)
Anti-inflammatory2
  • Insulin resistance is associated with elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines such Trigonelline Hydrochloride as C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) plaque deposition and progression, and on the other Trigonelline Hydrochloride side, a reduced AD incidence has been reported in patients under chronic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory therapy [4]. (lacbiosafety.org)
  • Interestingly, insulin seems to have anti-inflammatory effects directly suppressing proinflammatory cytokines and inducing anti-inflammatory mediators, as exhibited in both preclinical and clinical studies [21]. (lacbiosafety.org)
Neuroinflammation1
Energy expenditure1
  • Old Ghsr(-/-) mice also exhibit elevated energy expenditure and resting metabolic rate, yet have similar food intake and locomotor activity. (tamu.edu)
Transgenic2
  • Following its peripheral injection, a fluorescein-labelled version of RI-OR2-TAT was found to cross the blood brain barrier and bind to the amyloid plaques and activated microglial cells present in the cerebral cortex of 17-months-old APPswe/PS1ΔE9 transgenic mice. (derby.ac.uk)
  • Interestingly, impairment of insulin signalling seems to precede Aaccumulation in a transgenic mouse model of AD [16]. (lacbiosafety.org)
Increases2
  • Our data demonstrate that HF-fed mice have robust increases in plasma concentrations of AngII. (uky.edu)
  • Obesity increases the risk of a number of health problems, including coronary disease, particular types of carcinoma, respiratory system complications and osteoarthritis of small and large joints [ 1 ]. (medsci.org)
White adipos1
Cytokines1
  • In eWAT, macrophage infiltration, CLS formation, and inflammatory cytokines were reduced in HFD KO mice compared to HFD WT mice. (bmbreports.org)
Protein5
  • Recent studies indicate that nutrient fluctuations and insulin resistance increase proinsulin synthesis in β cells beyond the capacity for folding of nascent polypeptides within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen, thereby disrupting ER homeostasis and triggering the unfolded protein response (UPR). (jci.org)
  • We found that SET domain bifurcated 1 Since no difference in food intake was observed between adqcKO f/f (Setdb1) was a SUMOylated protein and that Senp2 de-SUMOylated Senp2 and Senp2 mice fedeitherwithNCD or HFD and regulated Setdb1 action in trimethylation at histone 3 lysine 9 (Supplementary Figure S2A). (deepdyve.com)
  • Here, we show that the protein level of ClpP is selectively decreased in αSyn-expressing cell culture and neurons derived from iPS cells of PD patient carrying αSyn A53T mutant, and in dopaminergic (DA) neurons of αSyn A53T mice and PD patient postmortem brains. (springer.com)
  • Macrophage stimulating protein (MSP) was discovered as a serum protein that promoted mouse macrophage motility ( 13 ), and was later purified to homogeneity from human plasma ( 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Previously in these pages, it was noted that consuming too little protein presents issues, but, likewise, too much protein in the diet, meaning above roughly 30 percent of calories, defeats a major goal of caloric restriction, which is to not just reduce circulating insulin, but also to avoid elevating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). (totalhealthmagazine.com)
Manifest1
  • mice do manifest profound obesity, yet without the accompanying WAT in2ammation and 1brosis exhibited by controls. (elifesciences.org)
Accumulation2
  • Among the fractions derived from R. oldhamii leaf, the EtOAc fraction exhibited a strong fat-accumulation inhibitory activity. (medsci.org)
  • Obesity is a condition when fat accumulation is excessive to the extent that it produces adverse health consequences [ 1 ]. (medsci.org)
Characterizes1
Ligands2
  • To this end, we produced mice expressing either constitutively active-AhR (CA-AhR), which has the capacity for ligand-independent activation of downstream genes, or AhR, which requires its ligands for activation. (waseda.jp)
  • Furthermore, soluble Aoligomers, known as amyloid beta-derived diffusible ligands (ADDLs), contribute to insulin resistance in AD by modifying Rabbit Polyclonal to SIN3B synapse conformation. (lacbiosafety.org)
Adiposity2
Adiponectin1
  • Heterogeneity analysis revealed that an increasing index of insulin resistance was independently associated with improving the performance of adiponectin upon metabolic syndrome diagnosis (ratio of diagnostic odds ratio = 3.89, 95% CI: 1.13-13.9). (frontiersin.org)
Adipogenesis1
  • In addition KLF15 overexpression in combination with insulin, glucocorticoid, and cAMP stimulated adipogenesis in H295R cells. (wikipedia.org)
NAFLD1
  • In addition, the EtOAc fraction of R. oldhamii leaf significantly improved fatty liver syndrome and reduced total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in HFD-induced NAFLD mice at a dosage of 200 mg/kg BW. (medsci.org)
Lipogenesis1
  • Our studies in mice have shown that this upregulation results in mTOR activation, lipogenesis and development of NASH and dyslipidemia. (yale.edu)
Suggests1
  • The observation that mice lacking the enzyme sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase are protected from insulin resistance suggests the possibility that the regulation of TG synthesis be a target for therapy. (oregonstate.edu)
Steatosis1
  • DCM entails the damage of the myocardium through fibrosis, steatosis, apoptosis, and hypertrophy [ 3 ] and results from the switch of substrate supply to free fatty acids (FFA) that follows the reduced levels of insulin, glucose transporters, and glucose consumption [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Vitro2
  • Research published in 2016 has identified a population of progenitor cells within the pancreas of mice and human that can give rise to new insulin-producing cells in vitro. (bepress.com)
  • Repair of mitomycin-C-induced chromosomal aberrations was impaired in RAD51B/Rad51b-c.92delT human and mouse somatic cells in vitro and in explanted mouse bone marrow cells. (nature.com)
Levels3
Metabolic syndrome2
  • Obesity is associated with the development of the metabolic syndrome, and is also a major risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) ( 1 ). (atsjournals.org)
  • Recently, data from epidemiologic cohorts and clinical populations have indicated that OSA may also contribute to the development of insulin resistance ( 6 - 8 ), another component of the metabolic syndrome. (atsjournals.org)