Mice contrast receptors antigen t cell. Medical search. Frequent questions

Natural killer cells, also known as NK cells or large granular lymphocytes (LGL), are a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte critical to the innate immune system that belong to the rapidly expanding family of known innate lymphoid cells (ILC) and represent 5-20% of all circulating lymphocytes in humans. (wikipedia.org)
NK cells differentiate from CD127+ common innate lymphoid progenitor, which is downstream of the common lymphoid progenitor from which B and T lymphocytes are also derived. (wikipedia.org)
Kiessling's research involved the well-characterized ability of T lymphocytes to lyse tumor cells against which they had been previously immunized. (wikipedia.org)
Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells and sinusoidal endothelium) and infiltrating leukocytes (e.g., monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes). (mdpi.com)
In contrast to other cancers such as adenocarcinomas of the lung or melanoma, primary brain tumors like GB and low grade gliomas (LGG) are known as rather immunologically "cold" tumors, typically with low numbers of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) ( 4 ), and the mere amount of TILs is not associated with patient survival ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Moreover, cIAPs are required for CD137 signaling toward the NF-?B and MAPK pathways and for costimulation of human and mouse T lymphocytes. (unav.edu)
As shown by multiplex tissue immunofluorescence and intravital microscopy, combined immunotherapy treatments enhance T cell infiltration and the intratumoral performance of T lymphocytes. (unav.edu)
Mouse monoclonal to CD22.K22 reacts with CD22, a 140 kDa B-cell specific molecule, expressed in the cytoplasm of all B lymphocytes and on the cell surface of only mature B cells. (tam-receptor.com)
T cells targeted to TdT kill leukemic lymphoblasts while sparing normal lymphocytes. (ox.ac.uk)
TCR-modified T cells targeting TdT may be a promising immunotherapy for B-ALL and T-ALL that preserves normal lymphocytes. (ox.ac.uk)
Therefore, we propose that RAG2 coevolves with RAG1 to release inert RAG1 from aggregates and thereby activate V(D)J recombination to generate diverse antigen receptors in lymphocytes. (mendeley.com)
Accurate and reliable measures of CD4+ T-lymphocytes (CD4+ T-cells) are essential to the assessment of the immune system of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons (1-3). (cdc.gov)
The pathogenesis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is largely attributable to the decrease in T-lymphocytes that bear the CD4 receptor (4-8). (cdc.gov)
and the percentage of lymphocytes that are CD4+ T-cells. (cdc.gov)
The CDC guidelines concerning CD4+ T-cell determinations (33) were first published in the MMWR in 1992 to provide laboratorians with the most complete information about how to measure CD4+ T-lymphocytes in blood from HIV-infected persons by using flow cytometry. (cdc.gov)

Furthermore, similar to T cells, specific recognition and elimination of cancer cells by NK cells can be markedly enhanced through expression of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which provides an opportunity to generate NK-cell therapeutics of defined specificity for cancer immunotherapy. (frontiersin.org)
Unlike chimeric antigen receptors, T-cell receptors (TCRs) can recognize intracellular targets presented on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules. (ox.ac.uk)

The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
As an evasion mechanism, many tumors are able to stimulate the expression of immune checkpoint molecules, resulting in an exhausted phenotype of T cells that cannot restrain tumor progression [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
LECs can modulate dendritic cell function, present antigens to T cells on MHC class I and MHC class II molecules, and express immunomodulatory cytokines and receptors, which suggests that their roles in adaptive immunity are far more extensive than previously realized. (jci.org)
Traditionally, microcirculatory physiologists studied the essential transport functions of lymphatic vessels in removing fluid, molecules, and cells after leaking from blood vessels in the periphery and before returning them to the blood circulation. (jci.org)
The extract also induced IFN-Î³ and TNF production in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, as well as de novo production of the cytotoxic molecules granzyme B and perforin in CD8+ T cells from healthy donors. (bvsalud.org)
In this study, we were able to show that, in their basal state, these specialist immune cells are subject to the uninterrupted microbiome-controlled signaling of type I interferons (IFN-I)." Interferons are cytokines, i.e. special signaling molecules which are known to play a role in antiviral activity. (charite.de)
We show here that NK cells lacking inhibitory KIR for self MHC class I molecules are present in human peripheral blood. (nih.gov)
The adjuvant effects of poly(I:C) appear to be at least partially dependent on an increase in the transcription of the anti-apoptotic molecules Bcl-3 and Bcl-xL and a concomitant decrease in apoptosis during the contraction phase of the primary T-cell response. (wustl.edu)
In this review, we discuss the changes in irradiated cancer cells and immune cells in the TME under different RT regimens and describe existing and potential molecules that could be targeted to improve the therapeutic effects of RT. (nature.com)
The efficiency and magnitude of T cell responses are influenced by ligation of the co-stimulatory receptor CD28 by B7 molecules expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APC). (ox.ac.uk)
Autoantibodies directed against molecules that are unique to the surface of cells in the parenchyma of discrete organs underlie the pathogenesis of a variety of organ-specific autoimmune diseases ( 1 ). (silverchair.com)
In contrast, globosides are neutral lipid molecules. (springer.com)
Olfactory receptors are supposed to act not only as molecular sensors for odorants but also as cell recognition molecules guiding the axons of olfactory neurons to their appropriate glomerulus in the olfactory bulb. (jneurosci.org)

Thus, parasite-specific CD8+ T cells undergo clonal exhaustion, distinguished by an increase in late-differentiated cells, a mono-functional response, and enhanced expression of inhibitory receptors. (bvsalud.org)
In humans, this "missing self" recognition is ensured by inhibitory receptors such as KIR, which dampen NK cell activation upon interaction with their MHC class I ligands. (nih.gov)

BALB/c mouse splenic leucocytes were preincubated with Purified Rat Anti-Mouse CD16/CD32 antibody (Mouse BD Fc Block™) (Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)
The cells were then stained with APC Rat Anti-Mouse CD3e antibody (Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)
Left Panel) or BD Horizon™ BV605 Hamster Anti-Mouse CD27 antibody (Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)
Histograms show the level of SSTR2-specific antibody binding to wild-type Jurkat T cells (0%, top) and Jurkat T cells transduced with increasing virus titers. (jci.org)
B ) Level of SSTR2-specific antibody binding to SSTR2-transduced Jurkat T cells with and without preincubation with 1 μM octreotide (37°C, 30 minutes). (jci.org)
When loaded with immune complexes (IC), consisting of tumor antigens bound to antitumor antibody, BMDC induce powerful antitumor immunity in mice. (stanford.edu)
Receptors for the Fc region of IgG (Fc gamma Rs) are members of the Ig superfamily that function in the activation or inhibition of immune responses such as degranulation, phagocytosis, ADCC (antibody-dependent cellular toxicity), cytokine release, and B cell proliferation (1-3). (rndsystems.com)
IgEs conversation Ginsenoside Rg3 with CD23 modulates both IgE production and functional activities.CD23 is a noncanonical immunoglobulin receptor, unrelated to receptors of other antibody isotypes. (treatmentforprostatecancer.info)
Infected mice treated with Pam3CSK4 possessed more hepatic inflammation focus, lower IgG and IgG2a antibody titers, and a lower proportion of spleen CD3+CD4+ T cells. (bvsalud.org)
DEC-205, a 205-kDa protein abundant on mouse dendritic cells and thymic epithelium that is detected by the monoclonal antibody NLDC-145: purification, characterization. (doximity.com)
For example, production of autoantibodies that bind to and stimulate the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor cause the thyrotoxicosis of Graves' Disease, and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody in Graves' and Hashimoto's thyroiditis is thought to inhibit thyroid function and promote complement deposition and thyroid destruction ( 2 ). (silverchair.com)
CaSR immunoreactivity was observed in a subset of spindle-shaped taste cells in circumvallate foliate fungiform and palate papillae (Fig. 1B-E). In the transverse section of circumvallate taste buds 8 CaSR-immunoreactive taste cells were present in a taste bud (Fig. 2D H). The specificity of the antibody was confirmed by antigen preabsorption which resulted in little or no immunoreaction in taste cells (Fig. 1F). (immune-source.com)

For example, segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) have a unique ability to drive T helper 17 (Th17) cell accumulation in the small intestine's lamina propria through SFB-derived antigens presented by dendritic cells ( 22 - 24 ). (frontiersin.org)

In addition, administration of poly(I:C) enhanced the response to a nonimmunogenic self-antigen in a dendritic cell vaccine-based vaccine strategy. (wustl.edu)

The ability of tolDC to present antigens is clearly critical to the success of tolDC therapy, because the main goal of tolDC therapy is to induce T cell tolerance to relevant autoantigens. (jak-inhibitors.com)

The role of NK cells is analogous to that of cytotoxic T cells in the vertebrate adaptive immune response. (wikipedia.org)
NK cells also play a role in the adaptive immune response: numerous experiments have demonstrated their ability to readily adjust to the immediate environment and formulate antigen-specific immunological memory, fundamental for responding to secondary infections with the same antigen. (wikipedia.org)
The role of NK cells in both the innate and adaptive immune responses is becoming increasingly important in research using NK cell activity as a potential cancer therapy. (wikipedia.org)
Emerging research on the roles of stromal cells in modulating adaptive immune responses has included a new focus on lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). (jci.org)
The lymphatic vessels and secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) are arranged in a manner that optimizes interactions among antigens, APCs, and innate and adaptive effector cells. (jci.org)
At the same time, these cells also use phagocytosis to engulf and digest invasive pathogens, after which they present individual particles as antigens on their cell surface.This, in turn, leads to the activation of T cells (which form part of the adaptive immune system) and results in a targeted immune response. (charite.de)
In contrast to adaptive immunity, in which specific antigen receptors are generated by somatic hypermutation and selection, in the innate immune system germline-encoded receptor proteins recognize specific patterns that are shared by groups of pathogens, but not the host. (medscape.org)
In this review, we discuss the dualistic effects of histamine: how histamine affects inflammation of the immune system through the activation of intracellular pathways that induce the production of inflammatory mediators and cytokines in different immune cells and how histamine exerts regulatory functions in innate and adaptive immune responses. (hindawi.com)
Overall, exploiting the impact of histamine on innate and adaptive immune responses may be helpful for understanding receptor signaling and trends during inflammation or regulation. (hindawi.com)
It is also involved in MHC I-restricted antigens catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in fishes' adaptive immunity. (bvsalud.org)

Here, we discuss effects of the GB tumor microenvironment on NK-cell functionality, summarize early treatment attempts with ex vivo activated NK cells, and describe relevant CAR target antigens validated with CAR-T cells. (frontiersin.org)

Characterization of the compound in a cell-based system revealed that an extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR)-mediated cADPR production and a later long-lasting increase in intracellular Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) in mouse mesangial cells were inhibited by the pre-treatment with this compound. (elsevierpure.com)
Intro The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor CaSR is definitely a classic seven-transmembrane-spanning G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) belonging to Family C of the superfamily of GPCRs [1]. (immune-source.com)

Adoptively transferred Tg CD34(+) (but not CD34(-)) cells inhibited IH in WT recipients, indicating the phenotype of α-TFPI-Tg mice was due to these cells. (nih.gov)
These cells harbor a mature NK cell phenotype but are hyporesponsive to various stimuli, including MHC class I-deficient target cells. (nih.gov)
Gradual depletion of all stages of germ cells results in a Sertoli-cell-only phenotype by approximately six months of age. (deathbase.org)
HLA-DR15-α3135-145 tetramer(+) T cells in HLA-DR15 transgenic mice exhibit a conventional T-cell phenotype (Tconv) that secretes pro-inflammatory cytokines. (ox.ac.uk)
Recent studies by F rid and co-workers [ 9 - 11 ] in the chronically hypoxic neonatal calf and in rats have shown that a proportion of the adventitial cells of pulmonary hypertensive animals are of a blood-derived fibrocyte phenotype. (ersjournals.com)

In contrast to NKT cells, NK cells do not express T-cell antigen receptors (TCR) or pan T marker CD3 or surface immunoglobulins (Ig) B cell receptors, but they usually express the surface markers CD16 (FcγRIII) and CD57 in humans, NK1.1 or NK1.2 in C57BL/6 mice. (wikipedia.org)
The NKp46 cell surface marker constitutes, at the moment, another NK cell marker of preference being expressed in both humans, several strains of mice (including BALB/c mice) and in three common monkey species. (wikipedia.org)
In humans, CD23 is usually expressed on a range of cells including B cells, T cells, monocytes, follicular dendritic cells, intestinal epithelial cells, bone marrow stromal cells and respiratory epithelial cells. (treatmentforprostatecancer.info)
CD23 in both humans and mice has two isoforms, CD23a and CD23b, which differ only in their N\terminal cytoplasmic domain name. (treatmentforprostatecancer.info)
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are a subclass of glycolipids that are found in cell membranes of various organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. (springer.com)
One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)
In this combined immunodeficiency (SCID) cancer is low in these species (as it chapter, some aspects of this issue mice, in which the human target is in humans), which renders cancer are discussed. (who.int)
For instance, mice are able to reconstitute most lymphomas in monkeys and humans woodchuck hepatitis virus induces major components of the human provides strong support for a direct hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) haematolymphoid system including oncogenic role of EBV in vivo. (who.int)
that is histopathological y very simi- T cel s, B cel s, natural kil er cel s, LMP1 of EBV can transform ro- lar to that caused by hepatitis B vi- macrophages, and dendritic cells, dent fibroblasts and is expressed rus (HBV) in humans, but it does so and this humanized mouse model in most of the human cancers as- through a different mechanism. (who.int)
2002). In humans, SSEA4 is expressed by building the nervous system but also for their prospec- nonneural cells such as the erythrocytes (Kannagi et al. (lu.se)
Although a defect in the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 increases susceptibility of mice and humans to systemic candidiasis, it does not in mucosal candidosis. (medscape.com)

Typically, immune cells detect the antigen presented on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on infected cell surfaces, triggering cytokine release, causing the death of the infected cell by lysis or apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
Preclinical In Vivo Modeling of Cytokine Release Syndrome Induced by ErbB-Retargeted Human T Cells: Identifying a Window of Therapeutic Opportunity? (kcl.ac.uk)
T1E28z is coexpressed with a chimeric cytokine receptor named 4αβ (combination termed T4), enabling the selective expansion of engineered T cells using IL-4. (kcl.ac.uk)
These data demonstrate that CAR-induced cytokine release syndrome can be modeled in mice that express target Ag in an appropriate distribution. (kcl.ac.uk)
It has been suggested that cytokine acc leukoreduction prevents transmission of cyc cumulation in plasma of platelet concenc tomegalovirus and decreases alloimmunizac trates (PC) during storage may contribute tion to human leukocyte antigen (HLA), it to development of nonchaemolytic febrile does not prevent allergic reactions. (who.int)
We undertook this study to investigate receptor (IL-2R) accumulation is related to whether the cytokine accumulation in PCs the leukocyte content of the platelet comc obtained from single apheresis donors was ponent and can be reduced by prestorage beyond the acceptable limits of WBC conc leukocyte depletion [ 3 ]. (who.int)

The cells' initial response involves the release of cytokines, signaling proteins which attract immune cells to the site of infection. (charite.de)
The CD64 proteins are high affinity receptors (~10 -8 -10 -9 M) capable of binding monomeric IgG, whereas the CD16 and CD32 proteins bind IgG with lower affinities (~10 -6 -10 -7 M) only recognizing IgG aggregates surrounding multivalent antigens (1, 4). (rndsystems.com)
PX inhibits the AChE within SH-SY5Y cells within a few minutes at sub-micromolar amounts but the lack of cell viability takes place at millimolar amounts (24-48 h) recommending deleterious biochemical systems which may Oxibendazole be downstream effects of AChE inhibition or may result from changes of proteins other than AChE (Ehrich et al. (tam-receptor.com)
In addition, CD11c + ATMs were enriched for mitochondria and for RNA transcripts encoding mitochondrial, proteasomal, and lysosomal proteins, fatty acid metabolism enzymes, and T-cell chemoattractants, whereas CD11c − ATMs were enriched for transcripts involved in tissue maintenance and repair. (diabetesjournals.org)
This concept implies that olfactory receptor proteins are located in sensory cilia and in the axons. (jneurosci.org)
By means of immunohistochemistry and double-labeling studies using transgenic mouse lines as well as Western blot analyses, it was demonstrated that the newly generated antibodies specifically recognized the receptor proteins. (jneurosci.org)
To scrutinize the hypothesis that olfactory receptor proteins may also be present in the axonal processes and the nerve terminals, serial sections through the olfactory bulb were probed with the antibodies. (jneurosci.org)
These data indicate that olfactory receptor (OR) proteins are indeed present in the axonal processes and nerve terminals of olfactory sensory neurons, thus supporting the notion that ORs may participate in the molecular processes underlying the fasciculation and targeting of olfactory axons. (jneurosci.org)
In this study, antibodies were generated against unique epitopes of distinct OR types and used in immunohistochemical experiments to visualize the receptor proteins in whole-mount preparations and tissue sections of the olfactory system. (jneurosci.org)
To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)

LN metastases resist T cell-mediated cytotoxicity, induce antigen-specific regulatory T cells, and generate tumor-specific immune tolerance that subsequently facilitates distant tumor colonization. (stanford.edu)
We began our work in the 2000s studying parasite antigens that induce natural immune responses such as the KMP11 protein and TcTLE, its N-terminal derived peptide. (bvsalud.org)
RT can directly induce cancer cell death through various mechanisms, such as apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. (nature.com)
We display that substances induce a [Ca2+]i response in taste cells in the posterior tongue. (immune-source.com)
Animal models for human tumour mental animals is not easy to answer does induce adult T-cell leukaemia/ viruses that make use of animal virus- for these agents, because cancer bi- lymphoma (ATLL), albeit in monkeys es are scarce. (who.int)

The HSG cell series was produced from isolated epithelial cells in the irradiated submandibular salivary gland of the squamous cell carcinoma. (tam-receptor.com)
This cell series is normally characterized as an epithelial duct cell type and expresses fibrinolytic activity (Shirasuna et al. (tam-receptor.com)
Graves' Disease results from the production of autoantibodies against receptors for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) on thyroid epithelial cells, and represents the prototype for numerous autoimmune diseases caused by autoantibodies that bind to organ-specific cell membrane antigens. (silverchair.com)
[ 8 ] These authors found VPS4 contributes to several key aspects of oral epithelial but not uroepithelial infection, and in contrast to systemic infection, plays no major role in the pathogenesis of candidal vaginitis. (medscape.com)

To define the antigen-specific T-cell response, the authors established a model based on the adoptive transfer of T cells from the OT-1 T-cell receptor transgenic mouse. (wustl.edu)
On serial sections through the olfactory bulb of mOR37-transgenic mouse lines, double-labeling experiments demonstrated that distinct immunoreactive glomeruli corresponded to glomeruli that were targeted by neurons expressing a particular member of the mOR37 receptor subfamily. (jneurosci.org)
Transgenic mouse models pro- fection. (who.int)
Monographs , transgenic mouse tients. (who.int)

Here, the authors characterized the antigen-specific CD8 T-cell response to peptide vaccination and poly(I:C) and specifically addressed the hypothesis that poly(I:C) can enhance antitumor immunity. (wustl.edu)

These form part of the body's innate immune system and carry a range of pattern recognition receptors, which enable them to quickly detect invading pathogens. (charite.de)
These receptorsâ€''pattern recognition receptors' (PRRs)â€' detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that remain largely unvaried, such as lipopolysaccharide found on the cell surface of Gram-negative bacteria, or double-stranded RNA present in viruses. (medscape.org)

The discovery that a unique type of lymphocyte was responsible for "natural" or spontaneous cytotoxicity was made in the early 1970s by doctoral student Rolf Kiessling and postdoctoral fellow Hugh Pross, in the mouse, and by Hugh Pross and doctoral student Mikael Jondal in the human. (wikipedia.org)
Pross and Jondal were studying cell-mediated cytotoxicity in normal human blood and the effect of the removal of various receptor-bearing cells on this cytotoxicity. (wikipedia.org)
Nevertheless, ex vivo activation with cytokines can restore cytolytic activity of NK cells against GB, indicating that NK cells have potential for adoptive immunotherapy of GB if potent cytotoxicity can be maintained in vivo . (frontiersin.org)
NK cells contribute to cancer immune surveillance not only by their direct natural cytotoxicity which is triggered rapidly upon stimulation through germline-encoded cell surface receptors, but also by modulating T-cell mediated antitumor immune responses through maintaining the quality of dendritic cells and enhancing the presentation of tumor antigens. (frontiersin.org)
It was evidenced C. fimbriata hexane extract exhibited the highest activity capable of inhibiting the three parasite developmental stages with an IC50/EC50 of 153.9 ± 29.5 (epimastigotes), 39.3 ± 7.2 (trypomastigotes), and 45.6 ± 10.5 (amastigotes) µg/mL, presenting a low cytotoxicity in VERO cells with a selectivity index ranging from 6.49 to 25.4. (bvsalud.org)

The project will investigate the age-related functional decline of hematopoiesis and dissect the role of Cdc42 in the rejuvenation of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs). (uni-ulm.de)

Inhibition of chemokine receptor 4, the receptor for the stem cell mobiliser stromal-derived factor-1, significantly prevented and reversed hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in neonatal mice [ 13 ]. (ersjournals.com)

They were named "natural killers" because of the notion that they do not require activation to kill cells that are missing "self" markers of MHC class I. This role is especially important because harmful cells that are missing MHC I markers cannot be detected and destroyed by other immune cells, such as T lymphocyte cells. (wikipedia.org)
The in vitro effects of MSC-Exo on immune cell migration and responder T cell proliferation were examined by chemotactic assays and lymphocyte proliferation assays, respectively. (nature.com)
A prototype of mammalian ADPR-cyclases is a lymphocyte antigen CD38. (elsevierpure.com)
Introduction tions of T-cell derived IL-2R are increased in mixed lymphocyte cultures. (who.int)
B lymphocyte development is a highly ordered process pro- expression analysis without the use of intermediate amplifica- ceeding from the progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) to tion steps. (lu.se)

that is, a certain population of cells seemed to be able to lyse tumor cells without having been previously sensitized to them. (wikipedia.org)
Anti-angiogenic therapy is an old method to fight cancer that aims to abolish the nutrient and oxygen supply to the tumor cells through the decrease of the vascular network and the avoidance of new blood vessels formation. (mdpi.com)
In addition, tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) produced by irradiated tumor cells can be captured by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the TME and presented to T cells. (nature.com)

Compared with syngeneic controls, endogenous CD34(+) cells were mobilized in significant numbers after allogeneic transplantation, the majority showing sustained expression of tissue factor and protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1). (nih.gov)
In contrast, the α-SMA(+) human TFPI(+) CD34(+) cells recruited in Tg recipients were from a CD45(-) lineage. (nih.gov)
WT CD34(+) cells incubated with a PAR-1 antagonist or taken from PAR-1-deficient mice inhibited IH as Tg cells did. (nih.gov)
Specific inhibition of thrombin generation or PAR-1 signaling on α-SMA(+) CD34(+) cells inhibits IH and promotes regenerative repair despite ongoing immune-mediated damage. (nih.gov)
2 ] in 1994 and is defined by the expression of a variety of cell surface antigens, including the stem cell marker CD34, the pan-leukocyte marker CD45, and monocyte markers CD14 and CD11. (ersjournals.com)

Here, we develop a syngeneic melanoma mouse model of LN metastasis to investigate how tumors spread to LNs and whether LN colonization influences metastasis to distant tissues. (stanford.edu)
LECs are presumably the first cells that come into direct contact with peripheral antigens, cytokines, danger signals, and immune cells travelling from peripheral tissues to lymph nodes. (jci.org)
In addition to being expressed in immune cells, TLRs are expressed in other tissues, such as those of the cardiovascular system. (medscape.org)
However, ErbB receptors are also expressed in several healthy tissues, raising concerns about toxic potential. (kcl.ac.uk)
Toxicity mediated by T4+ T cells results from target recognition in both tumor and healthy tissues, leading to release of both human (IL-2/IFN-γ) and murine (IL-6) cytokines. (kcl.ac.uk)
Secondly, TLR-4-mediated activation is also required for tolDC to acquire the ability to migrate in a CCR7-dependent manner [82], thus enabling them to migrate to secondary lymphoid tissues, where they can interact with T cells. (jak-inhibitors.com)
The levels of insulin receptor were generally higher in insulin-responsive tissues (especially the liver) from female MARCH1 KO mice compared to males, with the potential to account in part for the differences between male and female MARCH1 KO mice. (arizona.edu)
While expression of bcl-w was uncommon in B or T lymphoid cell lines, the mRNA was observed in almost all murine myeloid cell lines analysed and in a wide range of tissues. (deathbase.org)
For the analysis of GSLs, they are extracted from tissues and cells using organic solvents. (springer.com)
genic models are inadequate for number of activated CD8-positive T LMP1 was strongly expressed in the understanding the cancer etiology in cells increased considerably in the lymphoma tissues but was hardly the context of natural viral infection. (who.int)

In addition to natural killer cells being effectors of innate immunity, both activating and inhibitory NK cell receptors play important functional roles, including self tolerance and the sustaining of NK cell activity. (wikipedia.org)
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been identified as the primary innate immune receptors. (medscape.org)
Most microorganisms encountered by healthy individuals are recognized initially by defense mechanisms that are not antigen-specific, a response mediated by the so-called innate immune system. (medscape.org)

NK cells provide rapid responses to virus-infected cell and other intracellular pathogens acting at around 3 days after infection, and respond to tumor formation. (wikipedia.org)
This Review summarizes the emergent evidence that LECs are important in maintaining peripheral tolerance, limiting and resolving effector T cell responses, and modulating leukocyte function. (jci.org)
Different approaches allowed us to reveal TcTLE peptide as a promiscuous CD8+ T cell epitope, able of inducing multifunctional cellular immune responses and eliciting a humoral response capable of decreasing parasite movement and infective capacity. (bvsalud.org)
Finally, it was found that anti-parasitic treatment induces an improved CD8+ T cell response in asymptomatic individuals, and a mouse animal model led us to establish a correlation between the quality of the CD8+ T cell responses and the outcome of chronic infection. (bvsalud.org)
The team of researchers led by Prof. Diefenbach found that cDCs are incapable of triggering immune responses in sterile conditions (i.e., in germ-free mice). (charite.de)
T cell responses. (jak-inhibitors.com)

B29), and the -subunit of the E-mail: [email protected] interleukin (IL)-7 receptor [5, 6]. (lu.se)
[ 6 ] T cells and interleukin (IL)‒17 are protective. (medscape.com)

NK cells are unique, however, as they have the ability to recognize and kill stressed cells in the absence of antibodies and MHC, allowing for a much faster immune reaction. (wikipedia.org)
Efficacy was dependent on the number of CD8+ T cells able to recognize tumor antigens that infiltrated the malignant tissue. (unav.edu)
Natural killer (NK) cells recognize the absence of self MHC class I as a way to discriminate normal cells from cells in distress. (nih.gov)
In contrast, thymocytes that recognize self-peptide/MHC with high affinity undergo negative selection via TCR-mediated apoptosis, prompting Trinquand, dos Santos, Tran Quang, and colleagues to hypothesize that reactivation of this developmental checkpoint in T-ALL cells may have antileukemic activity. (aacrjournals.org)
2012 Paraoxon (PX) may be the oxidative metabolite of parathion (System 1) an inhibitor of AChE and it has been used being a model OP substance to research and recognize toxicologically relevant goals in cell lines of neuronal origins (Bharate et al. (tam-receptor.com)

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is usually a glycosylated protein belonging to the immunoglobulin family and plays Ginsenoside Rg3 a central role in allergic disease, exerting its effector functions through two receptors: FcRI and CD23 [2]. (treatmentforprostatecancer.info)
The use of cell lines does, however, introduce a risk the immunoglobulin (Ig)-secreting plasma cell in the spleen, of obtaining cell line-specific features as a result of the trans- gut, or BM [1, 2]. (lu.se)

The first published study to assert that untreated lymphoid cells were able to confer a natural immunity to tumors was performed by Dr. Henry Smith at the University of Leeds School of Medicine in 1966, leading to the conclusion that the "phenomenon appear[ed] to be an expression of defense mechanisms to tumor growth present in normal mice. (wikipedia.org)
One of the new emerging mechanisms associated with the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and other tumors is the immune checkpoint pathway, which consists of cellular interactions that prevent excessive activation of T cells under normal conditions. (oncotarget.com)
The goal of this study was to use mice expressing human tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) on α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)(+) cells as recipients of allogeneic aortas to gain insights into the cellular mechanisms of intimal hyperplasia (IH). (nih.gov)
Additionally, induced co -expression of luciferase, EGFP, and the melanosomal antigen gp100 facilitates studies on the underlying immunological mechanisms. (unav.edu)
Therefore, the parasite has developed several mechanisms of antigenic variability that has allowed it to live inside the cells and evade the host immune response. (bvsalud.org)
This paper aims to explore the therapeutic effect of TLR-2 agonist Pam3CSK4 on Leishmania-infected mice and the underlying immune molecular mechanisms. (bvsalud.org)
These results provide evidence that tolerance is not actively acquired to organ-specific antigens in the preimmune B cell repertoire, underscoring the importance of maintaining tolerance to such antigens by other mechanisms. (silverchair.com)
Project A05 addresses the hypothesis that brain inflammaging is critically regulated by Notch/NF-kB crosstalk signaling which can promote synapse aging via cell-intrinsic and paracrine mechanisms finally resulting in motoric and cognitive decline. (uni-ulm.de)

Recently we reported that calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a receptor for substances which enhance the intensities of salty sweet and umami LY 2183240 tastes. (immune-source.com)
These observations show that CaSR-expressing taste cells are the main detectors of substances and that they are an independent population from your influenced basic taste receptor cells at least in the case of lovely and umami. (immune-source.com)
These results suggest that CaSR-expressing taste cells in lingual epithelium respond to substances. (immune-source.com)
The results indicate that substances are recognized by CaSR-expressing taste cells. (immune-source.com)

Each group may be encoded by multiple genes and exist in different isoforms depending on species and cell type. (rndsystems.com)
The Ccr7, Slfn1, and Mapk11 genes were weakly induced in mature cell populations from only one of the mutant mice, but remained at background levels across all populations in the samples derived from the second mouse. (jak-inhibitors.com)
with the previous results demonstrating impaired expression of genes associated with positive selection in DP cells from Bcl11b-deficient thymocytes 26. (jak-inhibitors.com)
Collectively, these analyses indicate that the premature expression of SP-associated genes in Bcl11bdp−/− DP cells reflects gene-specific dysregulation in cells that have not undergone positive selection. (jak-inhibitors.com)
These data indicate that Bcl11b likely acts directly in DP cells to prevent the premature expression of genes encoding critical regulators of the SP differentiation programs. (jak-inhibitors.com)
To identify genes required for mammalian spermatogenesis, we screened lines of mutant mice created using a retroviral gene-trap system for male infertility. (deathbase.org)
These classes express different matches of genes related to their functions: receptor (Type II) cells express G-protein coupled taste receptors and transduction LY 2183240 machinery. (immune-source.com)
Inoculation with a high dose strains of LMP1 transgenic mice vide a powerful tool in mechanistic of EBV caused a B-cell lymphopro- were established that express LMP1 studies on the role of individual viral liferative disorder in these mice, under the control of the immunoglob- genes in cancer. (who.int)
Subsequent differentiation allows for rear- analysis of a set of mouse B lineage cell lines rep- rangements of the Ig light-chain (IgL) genes that replace the resenting defined stages of B cell development us- surrogate light-chain genes on the surface of the B cell [8]. (lu.se)

In contrast, HLA-DR1-α3135-145 tetramer(+) T cells in HLA-DR1 and HLA-DR15/DR1 transgenic mice are predominantly CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Treg cells) expressing tolerogenic cytokines. (ox.ac.uk)
Les numérations plaquettaire et leucocytaire ainsi que la concentration en cytokines (IL-2R, IL-8 et TNF-) ont été me- surées. (who.int)

Dysregulation of the NF-κB pathway in B cells from PPARγ +/- was indicated by spontaneous NF-κB activation, as well as increased IκBα phosphorylation and gel-shift activity following LPS stimulation. (jci.org)

Histamine and its receptors represent a complex system of immunoregulation with distinct effects mediated by four GPCRs (G protein-coupled receptors HRs 1-4) and their differential expression, which changes according to the stage of cell differentiation and microenvironmental influences. (hindawi.com)
TdT is an attractive cancer target as it is highly and homogeneously expressed in 80-94% of B- and T-ALLs, but only transiently expressed during normal lymphoid differentiation, limiting on-target toxicity of TdT-specific T cells. (ox.ac.uk)
Transcriptome analysis revealed that Th1/Th2 differentiation, NK cells, Th17 cell, complement system and calcium signaling pathways were down-regulated post-treatment of Pam3CSK4. (bvsalud.org)
This makes their identification and differentiation from resident mesenchymal cells extremely difficult in the absence of further specific markers. (ersjournals.com)

CD137 (4-1BB) is a member of the TNFR family that mediates potent T cell costimulatory signals upon ligation by CD137L or agonist monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). (unav.edu)

In contrast to most previous studies in which agonistic anti-TCR/CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies were employed, here we have investigated the contribution of CD28 to T cell activation under physiological conditions of antigen presentation. (ox.ac.uk)
To explore its physiological role, we have inactivated the bcl-w gene in the mouse by homologous recombination. (deathbase.org)

The pleiotropic effects of histamine are mediated by 4 histamine receptors (HRs), H1R, H2R, H3R, and H4R, which are G protein-coupled receptors. (hindawi.com)

Our group recently reported that CD73 on the cell membrane also contributes to the immunomodulatory capacity of MSCs 3 , suggesting that MSCs exert their immunomodulatory properties in a multifactorial manner. (nature.com)
Membrane-associated RING-CH-1 (MARCH1) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase best known for suppression of antigen presentation by dendritic and B cells. (arizona.edu)
To study how humoral tolerance is normally maintained to organ-specific membrane antigens, transgenic mice were generated selectively expressing membrane-bound hen egg lysozyme (mHEL) on the thyroid epithelium. (silverchair.com)
Being typically a minor component of the cell membrane, they are of utmost importance for biological functions that rely on lipid-lipid and lipid-protein interactions (Schnaar and Kinoshita 2015 ). (springer.com)
2018 ). Here, we will solely focus on the less recognized globosides and in particular the globoside Gb 3 , which is the membrane receptor for vero toxins. (springer.com)

Mice primed with either ovalbumin or methylated BSA also showed enhanced antigen-specific immune response of both T and B cells, an immunological abnormality that exacerbated antigen-induced arthritis. (jci.org)

FcRI is usually primarily expressed on the surface of mast cells and basophils, binds to IgE with high affinity (KD? (treatmentforprostatecancer.info)

In contrast, the colonization of Bacteroides fragilis is associated with enhanced activity of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which may alleviate autoimmune disease ( 25 , 26 ). (frontiersin.org)
Dominant protection from HLA-linked autoimmunity by antigen-specific regulatory T cells. (ox.ac.uk)

In vitro , MET overexpression activated ERK signaling and rendered BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer cells resistant to vemurafenib and panitumumab, and sensitivity was restored by treatment with the MET inhibitor crizotinib. (aacrjournals.org)
Targeting METTL3 by single-guide RNA, nanoparticle small interfering RNA (siRNA), or pharmacological inhibitor (STM2457) in combination with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) synergized to reinvigorate cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and mediate tumor regression. (bvsalud.org)

Flow cytometric analysis of CD27 expression on mouse splenocytes. (bdbiosciences.com)
Expression of human SSTR2 by lentivirus vector in T cells. (jci.org)
The expression of PD-L1 and Ki67 in the tumors decreased and an increase in granzyme B levels was found in CAR T cells. (oncotarget.com)
During normal thymic development, T cells mature via cell surface expression of the T-cell receptor (TCR) and positive selection of thymocytes that bind self-peptide/MHC complexes with low affinity. (aacrjournals.org)
By contrast, CD23 expression in mice is limited to B cells, follicular dendritic cells and enterocytes [14, 19, 20]. (treatmentforprostatecancer.info)
1997 Similarly protein expression changes happen when SH-SY5Y cells were treated with micromolar PX (Prins et al. (tam-receptor.com)
After induction with lipopolysaccharide, the expression of tsGILT mRNA was upregulated in spleen and kidney and recombinant tsGILT protein transferred to late endosomes and lysosomes in HeLa cells. (bvsalud.org)
Expression of Bclw in the testis appears to be restricted to elongating spermatids and Sertoli cells. (deathbase.org)
Enforced expression of bcl-w rendered lymphoid and myeloid cells refractory to several (but not all) cytotoxic conditions. (deathbase.org)
I. Expression on dendritic cells and other subsets of mouse leukocytes. (doximity.com)
353:765-769), selective expression of mHEL autoantigen on thyroid cells did not trigger elimination or inactivation of circulating HEL-reactive B cells. (silverchair.com)
The fibroblast-like nature of these cells is evidenced by their expression of collagen I, collagen II and vimentin. (ersjournals.com)
immature cell is then subjected to negative selection to delete grouped based on their previously defined pheno- self-reactive cells before it leaves the BM to enter peripheral typic features, and a gene expression pattern for lymphoid organs, where it becomes a mature B cell [9]. (lu.se)

Histamine, a biogenic vasoactive amine, causes symptoms such as allergies and has a pleiotropic effect that is dependent on its interaction with its four histamine receptors. (hindawi.com)
Our results provide evidence for a role of CD28 in enhancing TCR signaling capacity during the earliest stages of T cell:APC interaction. (ox.ac.uk)
cells are activated by interaction with antigens and obtain T indicated that the cell lines representing a defined cell help, they mature into terminally differentiated plasma stage generally presented a high similarity in over- cells secreting large amounts of antibodies [10 -12]. (lu.se)

In contrast, when T cell activation is triggered by cDCs presenting endogenous antigens, this leads to a faulty and undesirable immune response and results in autoimmune diseases. (charite.de)
Inflammatory conditions (e.g., allergy, asthma, and autoimmune diseases) have long been thought to be mainly mediated by the activation of histamine receptor 1 (H1R). (hindawi.com)
A general overview of the immune cascades triggered by histamine receptor activation is provided. (hindawi.com)
CD22 is an adhesion molecule and plays a role in B cell activation as a signaling molecule. (tam-receptor.com)

The mouse and human work was carried out under the supervision of professors Eva Klein and Hans Wigzell, respectively, of the Karolinska Institute, Stockholm. (wikipedia.org)
We utilized a human genetic reporter, somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2), and PET, to quantitatively and longitudinally visualize whole-body T cell distribution and antitumor dynamics using a clinically approved radiotracer. (jci.org)
Herein we used a single bicistronic lentiviral vector to develop a new combination immunotherapy that consists of human anti-carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX)-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells engineered to secrete human anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies at the tumor site. (oncotarget.com)
The anti-PD-L1 IgG1 isotype, which is capable of mediating ADCC, was also able to recruit human NK cells to the tumor site in vivo . (oncotarget.com)
These armed second-generation CAR T cells empowered to secrete human anti-PD-L1 antibodies in the ccRCC milieu to combat T cell exhaustion is an innovation in this field that should provide renewed potential for CAR T cell immunotherapy of solid tumors where limited efficacy is currently seen. (oncotarget.com)
[4] To date, 11 human and 13 mouse TLRs have been cloned. (medscape.org)
Human T4+ T cells exhibit antitumor activity against several ErbB+ cancer types. (kcl.ac.uk)
We show that the human T1E28z CAR efficiently recognizes mouse ErbB+ cells, rendering this species suitable to evaluate preclinical toxicity. (kcl.ac.uk)
The bcl-w-/- mouse provides a unique model of failed spermatogenesis in the adult that may be relevant to some cases of human male sterility. (deathbase.org)
The prototypic mammalian regulator of cell death is bcl-2, the oncogene implicated in the development of human follicular lymphoma. (deathbase.org)
The gene, which is highly conserved between mouse and human, resides near the T-cell antigen receptor alpha gene within the central portion of mouse chromosome 14 and on human chromosome 14 at band q11. (deathbase.org)
Human blood contains two subsets of dendritic cells, one immunologically mature and the other immature. (doximity.com)
Moreover, RAG2 from mouse and zebrafish could not disrupt the aggregation of human RAG1 as efficiently as human RAG2 did, indicating a species-specific regulatory mechanism for RAG1 by RAG2. (mendeley.com)
Tissue culture medium conditioned by CD11c + ATMs, but not CD11c − ATMs or other stromovascular cells, impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by human adipocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)
Susceptibility and protection against human autoimmune diseases, including type I diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and Goodpasture disease, is associated with particular human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles. (ox.ac.uk)
HLA-DR15(+) and HLA-DR1(+) healthy human donors display altered α3135-145-specific T-cell antigen receptor usage, HLA-DR15-α3135-145 tetramer(+) Foxp3(-) Tconv and HLA-DR1-α3135-145 tetramer(+) Foxp3(+)CD25(hi)CD127(lo) Treg dominant phenotypes. (ox.ac.uk)
Similarly, CD34+ cells can be identified in human scar tissue, suggesting that these cells may contribute to tissue remodelling and repair [ 5 ]. (ersjournals.com)
A heterogeneous human population of mammalian taste cells includes morphologically and functionally different taste cells classified into three subtypes type I (glial-like cells) type II (receptor cells) and type III (presynaptic) taste cells [16]. (immune-source.com)
2005). Notch1 and syndecan-1 potent human embryonic stem (ES) cells. (lu.se)
Immunohisto- have been used for positive selection of NSCs from em- chemistry on human embryonic central nervous system bryonic mice (Nagato et al. (lu.se)
CD133+), but are rarely codetected with the neural stem dents, very few human-specific NSC markers have been cell (NSC) marker CD15. (lu.se)

TCR stimulation via antigen/MHC presentation or anti-CD3 mAb induces T-ALL cell death. (aacrjournals.org)

CD137 agonists attain immunotherapeutic antitumor effects in cancer mouse models, and multiple agents of this kind are undergoing clinical trials. (unav.edu)
Agonists of these receptors stabilize the active conformation, whereas antagonists stabilize the inactive conformation. (hindawi.com)
By contrast, some ßAR inverse agonists, once contraindicated in heart failure, are now the most successful drugs ever used to decrease mortality in CHF. (americanasthmafoundation.org)
We have obtained preliminary data consistent with this hypothesis in mouse model of asthma where chronic treatment with ß2AR inverse agonists significantly reduces the effects of a bronchoconstrictor. (americanasthmafoundation.org)

In order to elucidate possible non-neuronal effects resulting from OP dental exposure the individual salivary gland (HSG) cell series was chosen. (tam-receptor.com)
2.2 Lifestyle of individual salivary gland cells The individual salivary gland (HSG) cell series was established from an irradiated individual salivary gland (Shirasuna et al. (tam-receptor.com)
Contrasting information was derived through a literature review by Louredo et al, which indicated that in pediatric patients, most salivary gland neoplasms (75.4%) are malignant. (medscape.com)

A further study in newborn mice exposed to hypoxia showed increased accumulation of bone marrow-derived cells associated with pulmonary hypertension [ 12 ]. (ersjournals.com)

In contrast, RAG2 does not aggregate by itself, but it interacts with RAG1 to disrupt RAG1 aggregates and thereby to activate robust V(D)J recombination. (mendeley.com)

[3] The brain and spinal cord are considered "immune privileged" organs in that they are separated from the rest of the body by a series of endothelial cells known as the blood-brain barrier , which prevents most infections from reaching the vulnerable nervous tissue. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
In the case where infectious agents are directly introduced to the brain or cross the blood-brain barrier, microglial cells must react quickly to decrease inflammation and destroy the infectious agents before they damage the sensitive neural tissue. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. (rndsystems.com)
KO) female mice exhibit excessive weight gain and excessive visceral adiposity when reared on standard chow diet, without increased inflammatory cell infiltration of adipose tissue. (arizona.edu)
Insulin resistance and other features of the metabolic syndrome have been causally linked to adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in mice with diet-induced obesity. (diabetesjournals.org)
In skin cells we plan to study the contribution of the protein synthesis apparatus to cellular and tissue aging. (uni-ulm.de)
CaSR has been identified in several cells and tissue like the parathyroid kidney and gland. (immune-source.com)

Neuroscience currently identifies four main functions of glial cells: to surround neurons and hold them in place, to supply nutrients and oxygen to neurons, to insulate one neuron from another, and to destroy pathogens and remove dead neurons. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
For this, structural and functional consequences at synaptic interfaces built up by neurons and different types of glia cells in young and old mice will be characterized using conditional transgenic systems mimicking brain inflammaging and allowing cell-type-specific Notch/NF-kB modulation. (uni-ulm.de)

Hepatocyte-specific Mettl3 knockin exacerbated NAFLD-HCC formation, while Mettl3 knockout exerted the opposite effect in mice. (bvsalud.org)

Microglia (and astrocytes , another type of glial cells) are distributed in large non-overlapping regions throughout the brain and spinal cord. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
Altered signaling pathways in neuronal and glial cells (Garcia et al. (tam-receptor.com)

The stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4) is com- isolate the NSCs from neonatal mice and rats (Campos monly used as a cell surface marker to identify the pluri- et al. (lu.se)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is one of the isotypes of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, which are a group of closely related nuclear receptors. (jci.org)

C ) DOTATOC uptake by SSTR2-transduced and wild-type Jurkat T cells versus input DOTATOC concentration is shown. (jci.org)
D ) DOTATOC uptake at 37°C and 4°C by SSTR2-transduced and wild-type Jurkat T cells is shown via Scatchard plot. (jci.org)
LPS) during antigen uptake [82, 84]. (jak-inhibitors.com)

In contrast to T cells, which did not exhibit a significant difference, B cells from PPARγ +/- showed an enhanced proliferative response to stimulation by either lipopolysaccharide or cross-linking of antigen receptors. (jci.org)

Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) themselves have been shown to play active roles in controlling their transport functions and in directly communicating with immune cells to modulate their immediate and downstream functions. (jci.org)
While we particularly focus on LEC interactions with DCs and T cells, we also highlight features that support immune regulation, including the structure and function of lymphatic vessels and the compartmentalization of the LN stroma, which help control the manner in which LECs can interface with immune cells. (jci.org)
If absent, relevant mediators are not released, resulting in a failure to activate metabolic processes in certain immune cells. (charite.de)
However, some immune cells are immunosuppressive or transform into immunosuppressive phenotypes under specific conditions, leading to the development of radioresistance. (nature.com)
One study reported an increased survival benefit with simultaneous RT compared with sequential administration, 8 while another study found no significant difference between the two strategies, 9 possibly because simultaneous RT plus immunotherapy and the administration of an ICI before RT may kill cancer cells as well a substantial number of immune cells, leading to poor systemic response and toxic side effects. (nature.com)

Immunologists recognized the importance of lymphatic vessels as channels for leukocyte trafficking from peripheral sites to their draining LNs ( 4 - 6 ), and as conduits for soluble antigens that can be taken up directly by LN-resident B cells and immature DCs ( 7 - 10 ), which help regulate the kinetics of antigen presentation. (jci.org)
By contrast, the treatment spares normal peripheral T- and B-cell repertoires and normal myeloid cells in vitro, and in vivo in humanized mice. (ox.ac.uk)
The fibrocyte is one of many populations of bone marrow-derived cells that can be detected in the peripheral blood and is considered to represent a mesenchymal progenitor cell [ 1 ]. (ersjournals.com)

The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays an important role in promoting the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens. (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy30

Organisms17

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs130

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment28

Phenomena and Processes43

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care2

Lymphocytes15

Chimeric antigen receptors2

Molecules13

Inhibitory receptors2

Antibody12

Presented by dendritic cells1

Dendritic Cell1

Present antigens1

Adaptive10

Target antigens1

Extracellular calcium-sensing2

Phenotype5

Humans11

Cytokine6

Proteins10

Induce5

Epithelial4

Transgenic mouse4

Antitumor immunity1

Pattern recogniti2

Cytotoxicity5

Hematopoietic Stem1

Chemokine receptor1

Lymphocyte5

Tumor cells3

CD345

Tissues10

Innate3

Responses6

Interleukin2

Recognize5

Immunoglobulin2

Mechanisms8

Substances4

Genes9

Cytokines2

Dysregulation1

Differentiation4

Monoclonal antibodies1

Physiological2

Protein-coupled1

Membrane5

Immunological1

High affinity1

Regulatory T cel2

Inhibitor2

Expression13

Interaction3

Activation4

Human21

Induces1

Agonists4

Salivary gland3

Hypoxia1

Recombination1

Tissue7

Neurons2

Knockout1

Glial cells2

Neonatal mice1

Isotypes1

Uptake3

Stimulation1

Immune cells5

Peripheral3

Presentation1