• Although RT is an important modality for cancer treatment, the consequential changes caused by RT in the tumor microenvironment (TME) have not yet been fully elucidated. (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, inflammatory mediators released by irradiated dying cells can attract and regulate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), further killing cancer cells. (nature.com)
  • Methods Mice bearing 4T1 mammary tumors were orally administered a PI3Kδ inhibitor (PI-3065) daily and tumor growth, survival and T cell infiltrate were analyzed in the tumor microenvironment. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Integrative analyses of similar to 500 mice and similar to 1,000 patients revealed a common MAPK-MYC genetic pathway that accelerated time to progression from precursor states across genetically heterogeneous MM. MYC-dependent time to progression conditioned immune evasion mechanisms that remodeled the BM microenvironment differently. (unav.edu)
  • In situ immunization aims at generating antitumor immune responses through manipulating the tumor microenvironment. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The multiple tasks of CCL2 in the tumor microenvironment make it a good restorative target in metastatic prostate malignancy as well as with other cancers. (wwec2012.net)
  • In particular, Guadecitabine greatly enhanced the efficacy of combined ICBs by increasing effector memory CD8+ T cells, inducing effector NK cells in the spleen and reducing tumor infiltrating regulatory T cells and myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC), in the tumor microenvironment (TME). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Two mechanisms have potential to impact the efficacy of immunotherapy when begun immediately after thermal ablation: mechanical changes in the tumor microenvironment and inflammatory-mediated changes in immune phenotype. (jci.org)
  • However, in vitro screens are limited to a lack of tumor microenvironment, and the gRNA library coverage or selection often limits the pathological relevance of targets unraveled by in vivo screens. (nature.com)
  • It is therefore imperative to uncover novel immune evasion mechanisms in the dynamic tumor-immune microenvironment by untangling the genetic heterogeneity of cancer cells. (nature.com)
  • Her primary areas of study are Immune system, Cancer research, Transcriptome, Tumor microenvironment and Cancer. (research.com)
  • Her study explores the link between Tumor microenvironment and topics such as Immunotherapy that cross with problems in Cell biology. (research.com)
  • The microenvironment of a developing tumor is composed of proliferating cancer cells, blood vessels, stromal cells, infiltrating inflammatory cells, and a variety of associated tissue cells. (nutriforce.cn)
  • Accumulating data also suggest that hypoxic stress in the tumor microenvironment promotes tumor escape mechanisms through the emergence of immune-resistant tumor variants and immune suppression. (nutriforce.cn)
  • Thus, solid tumors seem to build up a hostile hypoxic microenvironment that hampers cell-mediated immunity and dampen the efficacy of the immune response. (nutriforce.cn)
  • The RAS plays a crucial role in cancer biology and affects tumor growth and dissemination directly and indirectly by remodeling the tumor microenvironment. (nutriforce.cn)
  • The BrafV600E mutation has a direct role in driving cellular transformation but multiple studies suggest that it also indirectly modulates the tumor microenvironment. (cancer-pictures.org)
  • Thus more investigation is needed to better characterize the nature of the tumor microenvironment in melanoma and how BrafV600E inhibitors affect the function of infiltrating. (cancer-pictures.org)
  • While inflammatory injury drives both fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis, the tolerogenic microenvironment of the liver conveys immunosuppressive effects that encourage tumor growth. (mdpi.com)
  • Our studies in patients and subsequent mouse research really drive home that our gut microbiomes modulate both systemic and anti-tumor immunity. (mdanderson.org)
  • Inactivating regulatory T cells (Treg) by inhibiting the PI3Kδ signaling enzyme has shown promise in preclinical models of tumor immunity and is currently being tested in early phase clinical trials in solid tumors. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Thus, monocyte depletion by gemcitabine administration reduced the generation of these DC and increased vaccine-induced immunity, which rejected about 20% of LLC-OVA and B16-OVA tumors, which are non-responders to anti-PD-1. (unav.edu)
  • To uncover novel potentiators of T cell anti-tumor immunity, we carried out an ex vivo pharmacological screen and identified 5-Nonyloxytryptamine (5-NL), a serotonin agonist, as increasing the ability of T cells to target tumor cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • On the basis of recent advances in the understanding of antitumor immunity, we designed a three-step approach to in situ immunization to lymphoma: (i) inducing immunogenic tumor cell death with the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. (aacrjournals.org)
  • set out to explore the role of different myeloid cell populations in the regulation of T cell immunity and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. (acir.org)
  • These data suggest that CNS tumors may impair systemic antitumor immunity and consequently accelerate cancer progression locally as well as outside the CNS, whereas antitumor immunity may be restored by combining vaccination with radiation therapy. (xstrahl.com)
  • Indeed, the use of peptides for eliciting specific antitumor adaptive immunity is hindered by two main limitations: the efficient selection of the most optimal candidate peptides and the use of a highly immunogenic platform to combine with the peptides to induce effective tumor-specific adaptive immune responses. (elifesciences.org)
  • In addition to highlighting key studies that directly implicate T RM cells in anti-tumor immunity, we will highlight earlier work that implicitly suggested their importance. (frontiersin.org)
  • The concepts of her Cancer cell study are interwoven with issues in Acquired immune system, Antigen, T cell immunity, Immunity and Blockade. (research.com)
  • Her Immunity study combines topics in areas such as Cancer cell, Blockade, Antigen, Cell biology and Immunotherapy. (research.com)
  • Her study in Acquired immune system and T cell immunity are all subfields of Antigen. (research.com)
  • 2018). "NKp46 Receptor-Mediated Interferon-gamma Production by Natural Killer Cells Increases Fibronectin 1 to Alter Tumor Architecture and Control Metastasis" Immunity 48(1): 107-119 e104. (bioxcell.com)
  • Here, we show a therapeutic strategy that combines enhancing the phagocytic activity of antigen-presenting cells with immunogenic cell death to trigger efficient antitumour immunity. (ibric.org)
  • Rho-kinase (ROCK) blockade increases cancer cell phagocytosis and induces antitumour immunity through enhancement of T cell priming by dendritic cells (DCs), leading to suppression of tumour growth in syngeneic tumour models. (ibric.org)
  • B-RafV600E inhibitors have been suggested to promote tumor regression with the help of host immunity but this hypothesis has not been examined directly in detail. (cancer-pictures.org)
  • Supporting this result agonistic CD40 antibody was sufficient to evoke anti-tumor immunity and suppress tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice. (cancer-pictures.org)
  • Identifying factors that control immunity and tolerance in order to direct antigen-specific immune responses for treating cancer and autoimmune disease. (mssm.edu)
  • Recombinant single-cycle influenza virus with exchangeable pseudotypes allows repeated immunization to augment anti-tumour immunity with immune checkpoint inhibitors. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Immune-inflamed tumors are called hot tumors, while the latter two are collectively referred to as cold tumors, and they respond poorly to immunotherapy. (nature.com)
  • Wargo and colleagues are working with the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy to develop a clinical trial that combines checkpoint blockade with microbiome modulation. (mdanderson.org)
  • Results As observed in human immunotherapy trials with other agents, immunomodulation by PI3Kδ-blockade led to 4T1 tumor regressor and non-regressor mice. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Conclusions These data indicate that LAG3 is a key bottleneck to successful PI3Kδ-targeted immunotherapy and provide a rationale for combining PI3Kδ/LAG3 blockade in future clinical studies. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Combination therapy of adoptively transferred redirected T cells and checkpoint inhibitors aims for higher response rates in tumors poorly responsive to immunotherapy like malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). (providence.org)
  • Background Neoantigens, new immunogenic sequences arising from tumor mutations, have been associated with response to immunotherapy and are considered potential targets for vaccination. (unav.edu)
  • Further insights on the roles of CD8 + specificities and TCR avidity of naturally arising tumor-specific T cells, where both high and low avidity T cells recognizing the same peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) coexist in the same tumor, are crucial for understanding T cell exhaustion and resistance to PD-1 immunotherapy. (bmj.com)
  • PD-1 axis blockade has been proven time and again to be a successful immunotherapy for a wide variety of cancer types, and it is assumed to work by reversing or preventing T cell exhaustion. (acir.org)
  • However, the exact way by which this cancer immunotherapy works has not been fully elucidated, and recent studies have shown that the mechanism behind PD-1 axis blockade may be more complex than previously thought. (acir.org)
  • The urgent need for novel treatments inspired me to pursue a research project in adoptive immunotherapy, genetically modifying Tcells to express artificial T cell receptors, termed chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), that target AML specific antigens. (stanford.edu)
  • It was also unexpectedly found that PD-1 blockade immunotherapy reversed this effect. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • In a syngeneic model of epithelial cancer, we found that 7 days of immunotherapy (TLR9 agonist and checkpoint blockade), prior to thermal ablation, reduced macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells and enhanced IFN-γ-producing CD8 + T cells, the M1 macrophage fraction, and PD-L1 expression on CD45 + cells. (jci.org)
  • Continued treatment with immunotherapy alone or with immunotherapy combined with ablation (primed ablation) then resulted in a complete response in 80% of treated mice at day 90, and primed ablation expanded CD8 + T cells as compared with all control groups. (jci.org)
  • When the tumor burden was increased by implantation of 3 orthotopic tumors, successive primed ablation of 2 discrete lesions resulted in survival of 60% of treated mice as compared with 25% of mice treated with immunotherapy alone. (jci.org)
  • Alternatively, when immunotherapy was begun immediately after thermal ablation, the abscopal effect was diminished and none of the mice within the cohort exhibited a complete response. (jci.org)
  • In summary, we found that immunotherapy begun before ablation can be curative and can enhance efficacy in the presence of a high tumor burden. (jci.org)
  • As the field of cancer immunotherapy advances rapidly, it is now crucial to understand how the dissemination and maintenance of tumor-specific T cells can be optimally achieved. (frontiersin.org)
  • Her Immunotherapy research focuses on Adoptive cell transfer and how it connects with Cell, Cancer, Monoclonal antibody, Antibody and Blockade. (research.com)
  • Her Immunotherapy research is multidisciplinary, incorporating elements of Blockade, Adoptive cell transfer and Sarcoma. (research.com)
  • In addition, all of the cytokine therapies were given alongside a form of systemic therapy, such as a tumour-targeting antibody, a vaccine, a checkpoint blockade, or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, as we wanted to show the potential of combining cytokines with many different immunotherapy modalities," Momin says. (oncology-commercial-services.com)
  • We review clinical data on the benefit of RASi in primary and metastatic tumors and propose that, by activating immunostimulatory pathways, these inhibitors can enhance immunotherapy of cancer. (nutriforce.cn)
  • Unleashing the immune system to fight tumors - an approach enabled by immunotherapy - has led to remarkable outcomes in some cancer patients, but in many more, cancer cells evade the treatment and continue to spread. (broadinstitute.org)
  • The team identified a distinct gene expression pattern that correlated with reduced T cell presence in the tumor and other features of immunotherapy resistance. (broadinstitute.org)
  • By measuring the levels of this "resistance program" before treatment, the team could predict how tumors would respond to immunotherapy - thereby addressing a major clinical challenge in the field of immuno-oncology. (broadinstitute.org)
  • Once the researchers understood this molecular strategy, they began exploring ways to suppress it and sensitize melanoma tumor cells to immunotherapy. (broadinstitute.org)
  • In a mouse model of extremely immunotherapy-resistant melanoma - which expressed the newly discovered resistance program at high levels - the CDK4/6 inhibitors dramatically improved responses to immunotherapy, and the combination approach significantly slowed or eradicated tumors in roughly half the mice. (broadinstitute.org)
  • Human and murine studies showed high levels of functional PD-L1 expression in dendritic cells and macrophages in the tumor microenvironments and draining lymph nodes. (nih.gov)
  • While Texs represent an altered state of differentiation in which cells become addicted to antigen for their survival, their functions can be reinvigorated after inhibitory checkpoint blockade, leading to antigen control in murine, primate, and cancer patients. (hhs.gov)
  • The B16 murine melanoma model was used to compare cytotoxic responses against established tumors in the CNS and in the periphery. (xstrahl.com)
  • This immunopeptidomics-based pipeline was carefully validated in a murine colon tumor model CT26. (elifesciences.org)
  • The other approach is to screen CRISPR-Cas9-based guide RNA (gRNA) libraries that target either the whole genome using cancer cell and immune cell co-culture systems 9 , 10 , or focused gene sets using immunocompetent murine tumors 11 , 12 . (nature.com)
  • show that tumor-directed irradiation of murine B16 melanoma causes an increase EPI-001 in PS on the surface of infiltrating immune cells. (cell-metabolism.com)
  • This is the first study describing the production and distribution of ETS-1 and ETS-2 mRNAs and proteins using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in murine ocular tissue sections of normal control eyes and tumoral eyes from mice of the same age. (molvis.org)
  • Expression of human NKG2D ligands MHC class I chain-related A and B molecules renders melanoma susceptible to murine NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity and killing is inhibited by antibody blockade of murine NKG2D. (nih.gov)
  • Murine NKG2D recognition of MICA/B is an important receptor-ligand interaction used by NK cells in immunodeficient strains to limit engraftment of human tumors. (nih.gov)
  • We show that treatment of the mice with a combination of anti-CTLA-4 + anti-PD1 mAbs results in partial clearance of the tumor with an improvement in survival. (unav.edu)
  • In mice, this three-step therapy induced CD4- and CD8-dependent systemic immune responses that enhanced T-cell infiltration into distant tumors, leading to their eradication and significantly improving survival. (aacrjournals.org)
  • No mice were cured with IL-6 blockade alone, but it did reduce the tumor load and improve survival. (acir.org)
  • Therefore, study on factors and mechanisms that limit the in vivo persistence of CAR T cells is crucial for developing strategies to reduce the probability of tumor relapse and improve the long-term disease-free survival for patients who are treated with CAR T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Anti-PD-L1 enhanced durable primary tumor control and survival when combined with mTOR (rapamycin), but not in combination with MEK inhibition (PD901) in immunogenic MOC1 tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The combination of Programmed Cell Death 1 (PD-1) and Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4) blockade has dramatically improved the overall survival rate for malignant melanoma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Conversely, tumor antigen-specific vaccination in combination with focal radiation therapy reversed tolerance and improved survival. (xstrahl.com)
  • The mean survival time in the control, anti-Tim-3, anti-CEACAM1, and combined treatment groups was 29.8, 43.4, 42.3, and 86.0 days, respectively, with 80% of the mice in the combined group becoming long-term survivors showing immune memory against glioma cells. (medscimonit.com)
  • Combining the treatments improved survival rates slightly, but when the cytokine was administered with the lumican to bind to the collagen, the researchers found that over 90 percent of the mice survived with some combinations. (oncology-commercial-services.com)
  • Treatment with an antibody that targets PS (mch1N11) enhanced the anti-tumor efficacy of tumor-directed RT and improved overall survival. (cell-metabolism.com)
  • The addition of anti-PD-1 to RT and mch1N11 led to even greater anti-tumor efficacy and overall survival. (cell-metabolism.com)
  • Blocking PS and RT enhances the anti-tumor efficacy and overall survival, which can be further improved with the addition of anti-PD-1. (cell-metabolism.com)
  • It has become clear that hypoxia shapes and induces specific macrophage phenotypes that serve tumor malignancy, as hypoxia promotes immune evasion, angiogenesis, tumor cell survival, and metastatic dissemination. (nutriforce.cn)
  • This therapeutic strategy effectively suppresses tumour growth and improves overall survival in a genetic mouse mammary tumour virus/Neu tumour model. (ibric.org)
  • Thus, PD-L1-expressing dendritic cells and macrophages may mechanistically shape and therapeutically predict clinical efficacy of PD-L1/PD-1 blockade. (nih.gov)
  • Doxorubicin enhances the expression of "eat-me" signals by dying tumor cells, facilitating their phagocytosis by dendritic cells (DC). (aacrjournals.org)
  • Analysis of the tumor-infiltrating myeloid populations at days 3, 7, and 14 post tumor inoculation revealed that the majority of myeloid cells were macrophages, which far outnumbered cross-presenting dendritic cells (DCs). (acir.org)
  • Innate lymphoid cell is closely connected to Antigen-presenting cell in her research, which is encompassed under the umbrella topic of Dendritic cell. (research.com)
  • This process has been shown to be immunosuppressive in tissues because of attenuation of dendritic cell (DC) and natural killer (NK) cell activation and conversion of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) into anti-inflammatory or M2 macrophages (Graham et al. (cell-metabolism.com)
  • These cells, such as dendritic cells, process foreign antigens and then present them to T-cells, causing their intense activation. (oncolink.org)
  • In fact, immature dendritic cells can actually cause the suppression of responses to antigen. (oncolink.org)
  • As noted above, a more vigorous dendritic cell presentation of antigens could trigger the immune response by T-cells. (oncolink.org)
  • Studying novel approaches to enhance adaptive immune responses against cancer, including manipulating checkpoint blockades, and in situ vaccine strategies to mobilize and activate dendritic cells (DC) to present tumor-associated antigens. (mssm.edu)
  • However, the mechanistic contribution of host and tumor PD-L1 and PD-1 signaling to the therapeutic efficacy of PD-L1 and PD-1 blockade remains elusive. (nih.gov)
  • Here, we evaluated 3 tumor-bearing mouse models that differ in their sensitivity to PD-L1 blockade and demonstrated a loss of therapeutic efficacy of PD-L1 blockade in immunodeficient mice and in PD-L1- and PD-1-deficient mice. (nih.gov)
  • In contrast, neither knockout nor overexpression of PD-L1 in tumor cells had an effect on PD-L1 blockade efficacy. (nih.gov)
  • Efficacy was dependent on the number of CD8+ T cells able to recognize tumor antigens that infiltrated the malignant tissue. (unav.edu)
  • Combining tumor-specific adoptive T cell therapy to the aCTLA-4/aPD1/rIL2 or aCTLA-4/aPD1/aCD137 reg-imens enhances efficacy in a synergistic manner. (unav.edu)
  • CAR-T cells were characterized in vitro and antitumor efficacy was tested in vivo in a humanized mouse model in combination with PD-1 blockade. (providence.org)
  • This improved efficacy was associated with higher tumor T-cell infiltration and overexpression of PD-1/PD-L1. (unav.edu)
  • B16-OVA tumors benefited from a synergistic effect, reaching 75% of tumor rejection, but higher levels of exhausted T-cells in LLC-OVA tumors co-expressing PD-1, LAG3 and TIM3 precluded similar levels of efficacy. (unav.edu)
  • The significance of this finding for the efficacy of tumor-targeted immunotherapies is largely unknown. (xstrahl.com)
  • Only most recently the issue of an optimally active chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and the combination with checkpoint inhibitors is starting to be addressed. (providence.org)
  • Vaccination using optimized strategies may increase response rates to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in some tumors. (unav.edu)
  • Immune checkpoint blockade drugs that free the body's own immune system to attack cancer cells help around 25 percent of metastatic melanoma patients, and those responses are not always durable. (mdanderson.org)
  • Tumor infiltrating T cells in regressors were metabolically fitter than those in non-regressors, with significant enrichments of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, T cell factor 1 (TCF1)+ T cells and CD69− T cells, compatible with induction of a sustained tumor-specific T cell response. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • The remaining Treg in non-regressor tumors were however significantly enriched with cells expressing the coinhibitory receptor LAG3, compared with Treg in regressor and untreated tumors. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Aberrant Lck Signal via CD28 Costimulation Augments Antigen-Specific Functionality and Tumor Control by Redirected T Cells with PD-1 Blockade in Humanized Mice. (providence.org)
  • In vivo, only T cells expressing the Δ-CD28 CAR in combination with PD-1 blockade controlled tumor growth. (providence.org)
  • Overall, anti-FAP-Δ-CD28/CD3ζ CAR T cells revealed superior in vitro functionality, better tumor control in combination with PD-1 blockade in humanized mice, and persistence up to 21 days in a patient with MPM. (providence.org)
  • Anti-angiogenic therapy is an old method to fight cancer that aims to abolish the nutrient and oxygen supply to the tumor cells through the decrease of the vascular network and the avoidance of new blood vessels formation. (mdpi.com)
  • Single-cell transcriptomics and functional assays defined a high ratio of CD8(+) T cells versus T-reg cells as a predictor of response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). (unav.edu)
  • CD47 is ubiquitously expressed in human cells and has been found to be overexpressed in many different tumor cells. (wikidoc.org)
  • In vitro , doxorubicin microparticles were less cytotoxic to DCs than to B lymphoma cells, did not require internalization by tumor cells, and significantly enhanced phagocytosis of tumor cells by DCs as compared with soluble doxorubicin. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Tetramer staining was performed to determine the frequency and avidity of CD8 + T cells targeting the tumor-specific epitope GSW11 and confirmed with tetramer competition assays. (bmj.com)
  • High avidity T cells (Tet hi ), if present, were only found in progressing PD-1 refractory tumors. (bmj.com)
  • The addition of IL-6 blockade resulted in an increase of CD44 hi CD11a hi CD8 + and CD4 + effector T cells (T eff ) induced by anti-CTLA-4. (acir.org)
  • However, relapse of primary disease remains a major obstacle after CAR T cells therapy, and the majority of relapses present a tumor phenotype with retention of target antigen (antigen-positive relapse), which highly correlate with poor CAR T cells persistence. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Rapamycin enhanced expansion of peripheral antigen-specific CD8 T cells and IFNγ production following ex vivo antigen stimulation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • More CD8 T cells infiltrated and were activated after PD-L1 mAb treatment in mice with immunogenic MOC1 tumors, which were stable or increased by the addition of rapamycin, but suppressed when PD901 was added. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Rapamycin increased IFNγ production capacity in peripheral and tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Consistent with in vitro observations, in mice with PD-L1-deficient MC38 colorectal tumors where only host cells were the source of PD-L1, antibody blockade of both PD-1/PD-L1 and PD-L1/B7-1 interactions reduced tumor growth, while blocking only PD-L1/B7-1 interactions slightly accelerated tumor growth due to an increased availability of PD-L1. (acir.org)
  • Blocking both interactions increased the number of tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells, including CD8 + T cells specific for the tumor neoantigen M86. (acir.org)
  • Together, these experiments showed that PD-L1 expression on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) played a role in antitumor T cell responses via PD-1 interactions. (acir.org)
  • Most myeloid cells within tumors and tumor-draining lymph nodes expressed PD-L1 without co-expressing B7-1 (but still expressing B7-2, which does not interact in cis with PD-L1), thus leaving plenty of PD-L1 free to interact with PD-1 on T cells. (acir.org)
  • Most intratumoral PD-L1 + myeloid cells were macrophages (~75%), while cross-presenting DCs accounted for less than 2% of this population by day 14 post tumor inoculation. (acir.org)
  • Analysis of T cell responses at day 10 post inoculation revealed increased frequency and number of CD8 + T cells within PD-L1-deficient MC38 tumors of PD-L1 KO and PD-L1 ΔDC mice compared to WT controls. (acir.org)
  • This phase I trial studies the best dose and side effects of CD19/CD22 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells when given together with chemotherapy, and to see how well they work in treating children or young adults with CD19 positive B acute lymphoblastic leukemia that has come back or does not respond to treatment. (stanford.edu)
  • CCL2 directly stimulates breast tumor cells to promote tumorigenesis (71C73). (wwec2012.net)
  • For example, CCL2 exerts prometastatic effects by regulating the membrane glycoprotein dysadherin and Duffy antigen in breast cancer cells, assisting a potential restorative part for CCL2 blockade. (wwec2012.net)
  • Melanoma-specific CD8+ T cells were shunted to the lung in the presence of the infection, where they expressed high levels of inflammation-induced cell-activation blocker PD-1, and became incapable of migrating back to the tumor site. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • iii) at the same time, virus-specific cells adapt to strong stimulation by their cognate antigen by lowering the transiently-elevated expression of PD-1, remaining functional and mobile in the inflamed lung, while the infection is cleared. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • In addition to the direct cytotoxic effect on tumour cells, dolastatins efficiently promoted antigen uptake and migration of tumour-resident DCs to tumour-draining lymph nodes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Several approaches to overcome resistance to ICBs are being investigated among which the addition of epigenetic drugs that are expected to act on both immune and tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pre-requisite of tumor response to ICBs is the co-expression by cancer cells of immunogenic tumor antigens and targetable immune checkpoint molecules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Contact PD/PI: Tinoco, Roberto PROJECT SUMMARY Diseases leading to antigen persistence as in chronic viral infection and cancer induce development of exhausted T cells (Texs) that have defective effector function. (hhs.gov)
  • Our overall objective in this proposal is to determine how and when PSGL-1 signaling inhibits T cells during chronic antigen stimulation. (hhs.gov)
  • Cytokine analysis of tissues from brain tumor-bearing mice detected elevated TGFβ secretion from microglia and in the serum and TGFβ signaling blockade reversed tolerance of tumor antigen-directed CD8 T cells. (xstrahl.com)
  • CNS melanomas were more tolerogenic than equivalently progressed tumors outside the CNS as antigen-specific CD8 T cells were deleted and exhibited impaired cytotoxicity. (xstrahl.com)
  • Here, we describe for the first time a streamlined pipeline for the generation of personalized cancer vaccines starting from the isolation and selection of the most immunogenic peptide candidates expressed on the tumor cells and ending in the generation of efficient therapeutic oncolytic cancer vaccines. (elifesciences.org)
  • The latter is a tool previously developed by Jacopo, 2020, able to identify tumor antigens similar to pathogen antigens in order to exploit molecular mimicry and tumor pathogen cross-reactive T cells in cancer vaccine development. (elifesciences.org)
  • Jim Allison found a way to remove the brakes that stop T cells from fighting tumor cells - a discovery that opens brand new and very effective ways to treat cancer," said Joseph Goldstein, M.D., chair of the Lasker Medical Research Awards Jury, Nobel Laureate and chair of Molecular Genetics at The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas. (mdanderson.org)
  • We established an intracranial GBM model using C57BL/6 mice and GL261 cells, and treated the mice with single or combined monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against Tim-3/CEACAM1. (medscimonit.com)
  • We performed a rechallenge by subcutaneous injection of GL261 cells in the "cured" (>90 days post-orthotopic tumor implantation) and naïve mice. (medscimonit.com)
  • G - I ) The entire fourth and ninth mammary fat pad (tumor and embedded lymph node) was harvested at day 28, and immune cells were quantified by flow cytometry ( n = 4 per group). (jci.org)
  • Effect of therapy on ( G ) IFN-γ CD4 + T cells, ( H ) CD8 + T cells, and ( I ) Tregs in the treated and contralateral tumors. (jci.org)
  • Recent studies in mouse tumor models have shown that T RM cells are induced by cancer vaccines delivered in peripheral tissue sites, or by the depletion of regulatory T cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Such tumor-specific T RM cells are recognized as both necessary and sufficient for long-lived protection against tumors in peripheral tissue locations. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cancer can be considered a disease of immune dysfunction, with a failure of immune recognition leading to the outgrowth of malignant cells as tumors ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Tumor development has been said to occur in three distinct steps: inefficient elimination of early transformed cells, development of a state of equilibrium between tumor cells and immune cells, and tumor escape from immune pressure ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • While innate immune cells are important for early tumor immune surveillance, T cells are fundamentally recognized for their crucial role in the antigen-specific recognition and elimination of malignantly transformed cells ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Indeed a wealth of studies from humans and mouse models establishes a particularly potent role for CD8 T cells in controlling the outgrowth of malignancies ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Following effective priming in lymph nodes, T cells traffic to tumors and other peripheral tissues. (frontiersin.org)
  • In a growing number of cases, CD8 T cells have been shown to mediate the regression of large bulky tumors, resulting in durable long-term disease remissions ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In the early 2000's, large and persistent populations of antigen (Ag)-specific CD8 T cells in peripheral tissues were initially classified as T EM cells in recirculation from the blood ( 8 , 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Cancer cells acquire genetic heterogeneity to escape from immune surveillance during tumor evolution, but a systematic approach to distinguish driver from passenger mutations is lacking. (nature.com)
  • Genetic inactivation of the machinery or re-introduction of ANKRD52 frequent patient mutations dampens the JAK-STAT-interferon-γ signaling and antigen presentation in cancer cells, largely by abolishing miR-155-targeted silencing of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1). (nature.com)
  • Cancer immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) unleash T cell cytotoxicity against cancer cells and have significantly improved the perspective of cancer patients. (nature.com)
  • 2005). In addition, they repolarized TAMs into a proinflammatory M1 phenotype, reduce the quantity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in tumors, and promote the maturation of DCs into functional antigen-presenting cells (APCs). (cell-metabolism.com)
  • The crosstalk between stromal cells and malignant cells within this environment crucially determines the fate of tumor progression, its hostility, and heterogeneity. (nutriforce.cn)
  • Moreover, cancer cells found within hypoxic regions are presumed to represent the most aggressive and therapy-resistant fractions of the tumor. (nutriforce.cn)
  • Additionally, IFNγ induces the production of cytokines, Fc receptor, and adhesion molecules and up-regulates MHC class I and II antigen expression by antigen presenting cells during an immune response. (bioxcell.com)
  • Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells, and their presence within human tumors correlates with better prognosis. (bioxcell.com)
  • However, the mechanisms by which NK cells control tumors in vivo are unclear. (bioxcell.com)
  • We demonstrated that signaling via the NK cell receptor NKp46 (human) and Ncr1 (mouse) induced interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion from intratumoral NK cells. (bioxcell.com)
  • Injection of IFN-gamma into tumor-bearing mice or transgenic overexpression of Ncr1 in NK cells in mice resulted in decreased metastasis formation. (bioxcell.com)
  • One insight is the identification of tumor antigens (small proteins recognized as "foreign" by the immune system) that stimulate the T-cells of the immune system. (oncolink.org)
  • These tumor specific antigens are the result of mutations that cancer cells undergo, and in many cases that involve viral carcinogens, viral antigens. (oncolink.org)
  • Rather than attempting to determine the exact antigen on the cancer cells themselves, an alternative approach has been to isolate and to study the immunogobulins that our bodies have produced in recognition of these foreign antigens. (oncolink.org)
  • Recently, cells called antigen presenting cells (APCs) were discovered to play a pivotal role in the immune response. (oncolink.org)
  • Hence, it would help create more T-cells that react to the antigen presented. (oncolink.org)
  • Co-stimulatory molecules are presenting along with the antigen by APCs to induce an aggressive response by the T-cells. (oncolink.org)
  • This approach is based on the view that immune stimulation is primarily mediated by APCs rather than the tumor cells themselves. (oncolink.org)
  • Immunodeficient mice serve as critical hosts for transplantation of xenogeneic cells for in vivo analysis of various biological processes. (nih.gov)
  • Taking advantage of the increased metastatic potential of RhoC-expressing human (A375) melanoma cells, we evaluate four immunodeficient mouse strains: severe combined immunodeficiency (scid), nonobese diabetic (NOD)-scid, NOD-scid beta2m(null), and NOD-scid IL2Rgamma(null) as xenograft tumor recipients. (nih.gov)
  • Abnormal cells typically have substances on their surfaces, called antigens, that enable T cells to home in and destroy them. (broadinstitute.org)
  • But the resistant tumor cells are able to reduce their antigen levels and hide from the immune system. (broadinstitute.org)
  • Combining some of these neoadjuvant approaches with standard-of-care chemotherapy or radiotherapy appears to "sensitize" tumor cells to treatment. (cancerbiomed.org)
  • In addition to blocking anti-tumor immune responses these immunomodulatory cells can also promote tumor growth and metastasis through secretion of angiogenic factors (e.g. (cancer-pictures.org)
  • Similarly mice engrafted with a melanoma cell line and treated with the vemurafenib analogue PLX4720 also exhibited increased T cell infiltration in tumors and responsiveness to antigens (18 22 The anti-tumor effects of PLX4720 in this engraftment model was particularly dependent on CD8 T cells and could be enhanced by CD137 agonistic mAb treatment suggesting that BrafV600E inhibitors can sensitize tumors to certain immunotherapies (22). (cancer-pictures.org)
  • If living cells from mouse strain CBA were injected into an adult mouse of strain A, some immunologic process destroyed the CBA cells, and the A-line mouse that received the CBA cells quickly destroyed any subsequent graft from the same donor strain. (medscape.com)
  • 4 According to the number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, tumors can be divided into three phenotypes: immune-inflamed, immune-excluded, and immune-desert types. (nature.com)
  • Moreover, cIAPs are required for CD137 signaling toward the NF-?B and MAPK pathways and for costimulation of human and mouse T lymphocytes. (unav.edu)
  • To circumvent this limitation, we screened mice engineered to carry eight MM lesions (NF-kappa B, KRAS, MYC, TP53, BCL2, cyclin D1, MMSET/NSD2 and c-MAF) combinatorially activated in B lymphocytes following T cell-driven immunization. (unav.edu)
  • Human derived T lymphocytes engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors, which are expanded in vitro culture and then infused into patients exerting robust cytotoxicity after tumor antigen recognition and subsequent activation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Characterized by cell-surface molecules including CD103, CD69, and CD49a, T RM -like tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can be found in a wide range of human cancers, where they portend improved prognosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • It is widely accepted that hypoxic stresses occur in most solid tumors. (nutriforce.cn)
  • Preclinical success has led to a profusion of clinical trials on LB100 adjuvant therapies, including a phase I trial in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer, a phase I/II trial in myelodysplastic syndrome, a phase II trial in recurrent glioblastoma, and a completed phase I trial assessing the safety of LB100 and docetaxel in various relapsed solid tumors. (cancerbiomed.org)
  • Taken together our results establish the critical role of immune-related changes with key contributions for CD40L and IFNγ signaling in the anti-tumor responses brought on in vivo by BRafV600E inhibitors. (cancer-pictures.org)
  • For instance tumors treated with BrafV600E inhibitors displayed increased T lymphocyte infiltration and expression of melanoma antigens MHCI and PDL1 expression (17-21). (cancer-pictures.org)
  • Because of the vesicant activity of doxorubicin, microparticles made of biodegradable polymer poly(lactide-co-glycolide) or PLGA can safely deliver doxorubicin intratumorally and are effective vaccine adjuvants, (ii) enhancing T-cell activation using anti-OX40 and (iii) sustaining T-cell responses by checkpoint blockade using anti-CTLA-4. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Methods CT26 models were treated with anti-PD-1 on days 3, 6 and 9 following subcutaneous tumor implantation generating variable responses during early tumor development. (bmj.com)
  • Adoptive transfer of Tet lo showed more effective tumor control than Tet hi , and curative responses were achieved when Tet lo was combined with two doses of anti-PD-1. (bmj.com)
  • Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has two main limitations: responses vary between subgroups of patients and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) can be severe. (acir.org)
  • Ultimately, ADCs using dolastatins induce DC homing and activate cellular anti-tumour immune responses in patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our conclusion is underscored by our finding of enhanced anti-tumor T cell responses in PSGL-1-deficient mice leading to PD-1 downregulation and tumor control in a melanoma model. (hhs.gov)
  • Immune responses to antigens originating in the central nervous system (CNS) are generally attenuated, as collateral damage can have devastating consequences. (xstrahl.com)
  • T RM responses against tumor/self-antigens can concurrently result in the development of pathogenic T RM responses to self, with a growing number of autoimmune diseases and inflammatory pathologies being attributed to T RM responses. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, extremely strong immune responses have been generated using a "boost" to the immune system, provided by viruses that encode antigens similar to the target. (oncolink.org)
  • In contrast another study concluded that PLX4720 decreased T cell infiltration in the tumors and were unable to enhance anti-tumor responses in conjunction with CTLA4 blockade (23). (cancer-pictures.org)
  • Programmed death-1 receptor (PD-L1, B7-H1) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) pathway blockade is a promising therapy for treating cancer. (nih.gov)
  • The metabolic abnormalities of MKR mice accelerate development of hyperplastic precancerous lesions in transgenic PyVmT (polyoma virus middle T antigen) model and enhance tumor growth in syngeneic Met-1 and MCNeuA models of breast cancer. (campaignfornonviolentschools.org)
  • These agents can offer a high local concentration with palliation and symptom control and can also induce host immune anti-tumor activity, augmenting the local response as well as providing a durable response in distant and non-injected regional metastases with limited systemic toxicity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Combining ROCK blockade with immunogenic chemotherapy leads to increased DC maturation and synergistic CD8+ cytotoxic T cell priming and infiltration into tumours. (ibric.org)
  • This combination enabled successful therapy of all mice, demonstrating the functional importance of LAG3 in non-regression of tumors on PI3Kδ inhibition therapy. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Intralesional oncolytic therapy (ILOT) is the direct injection of tumors with agents that can result in local tumor regression and that may have a systemic effect that is also immunologically mediated [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Intranasal or intramuscular immunization of NY-ESO-1 S-FLU virus in mice elicited a strong NY-ESO-1-specific CD8+ T cell response in lungs and spleen that resulted in the regression of NY-ESO-1-expressing lung tumour and subcutaneous tumour, respectively. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Transcriptomics analyses showed pathways related to TCR signaling, cytotoxicity and oxidative phosphorylation were significantly enriched in Tet lo found in both regressing and progressing tumors compared with Tet hi , whereas genes related to DNA damage, apoptosis and autophagy were downregulated. (bmj.com)
  • In vivo antibody depletion revealed a CD8 T-cell-dependent, and not NK cell-dependent mechanism of tumor growth inhibition after treatment with rapamycin and PD-L1 mAb, ruling out significant effects from NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. (aacrjournals.org)
  • NKp46- and Ncr1-mediated IFN-gamma production led to the increased expression of the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin 1 (FN1) in the tumors, which altered primary tumor architecture and resulted in decreased metastases formation. (bioxcell.com)
  • A unique feature of tumor development in the PyVmT model is that at early stages of tumorigenesis (6 weeks), the primary tumor develops as a single focus on the ducts connected to the nipple (20). (campaignfornonviolentschools.org)
  • PF, primary tumor focus. (campaignfornonviolentschools.org)
  • In our work, PeptiCRAd was successfully used for the treatment of mice bearing CT26, controlling the primary malignant lesion and most importantly a secondary, nontreated, cancer lesion. (elifesciences.org)
  • Choroidal melanoma is the most common primary malignant ocular tumor in human adults. (molvis.org)
  • The researchers also created PD-L1 ΔMF mice, in which PD-L1 was deleted in macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils, while DCs were largely unaffected. (acir.org)
  • This combination led to an increase in proinflammatory tumor-associated macrophages. (cell-metabolism.com)
  • The role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in cancer is often correlated with poor prognosis, even though this statement should be interpreted with care, as the effects of macrophages primarily depend on their localization within the tumor. (nutriforce.cn)
  • We propose that the antigen delivery through S-FLU is highly efficient in inducing antigen-specific CD8+ T cell response and protection against tumour development in combination with PD-1 blockade. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A ) Regimen of thermal ablation in mice orthotopically transplanted with neu deletion line (NDL) tumor biopsies in the fourth and ninth mammary fat pad. (jci.org)
  • Female MKR mice demonstrate accelerated mammary gland development, enhanced phosphorylation of IR/IGF-IR and Akt in mammary tissue. (campaignfornonviolentschools.org)
  • Normal mammary tissue and breast tumor tissue extracted from diabetic mice reveals markedly increased phosphorylation of the IR/IGF-IR and Akt, whereas ERK1/2 phosphorylation remains largely unaffected. (campaignfornonviolentschools.org)
  • Therefore, it is conceivable that accelerated mammary gland development in MKR+/+ mice is also mediated by local IGFs, whose bioavailability is increased due to decreased levels of IGFBP-1 and -2. (campaignfornonviolentschools.org)
  • Effect of T2D on mammary carcinogenesis To study the effect of T2D on breast cancer development, we employed several models of mouse mammary carcinogenesis including the double transgenic PyVmT/MKR model and the syngeneic Met-1 and MCNeuA orthotopic models. (campaignfornonviolentschools.org)
  • MKR+/+ mice demonstrate marked ductal hyperplasia and increased number of ducts in intact mammary tissue (Fig. 3B). (campaignfornonviolentschools.org)
  • CD137 agonists attain immunotherapeutic antitumor effects in cancer mouse models, and multiple agents of this kind are undergoing clinical trials. (unav.edu)
  • Antitumor effects of agonist anti-CD137 mAbs are critically dependent on the integrity of cIAPs in cancer mouse models, and cIAPs are also required for signaling from CARs encompassing CD137's cytoplasmic tail. (unav.edu)
  • Upon mRNA intratumoral injections in the transplantable mouse cancer models CT26, MC38, and B16OVA, potent therapeutic effects were observed following repeated injections into the tumors. (unav.edu)
  • Significant subsets of patients with oral cancer fail to respond to single-agent programmed death (PD) blockade. (aacrjournals.org)
  • A similar PD-L1 expression distribution was observed in RNASeq data from human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors. (acir.org)
  • We hope that the results reported in our study could potentially contribute to the advancement of immunological approaches to cancer treatment and, as well, to a better understanding of a broader complexity of fundamental interactions between pathogens and tumors. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • Resistance to ICBs can be primary for tumors that are intrinsically "invisible" by the immune system, adaptive for tumors that are recognized by the immune system but adapt to it, and truly acquired for tumors that initially respond to the treatment but then progress [ 5 ] reminiscent of cancer immune-editing theory [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These peptides were then tested in our previously described oncolytic cancer vaccine platform PeptiCRAd, a vaccine platform that combines an immunogenic oncolytic adenovirus (OAd) coated with tumor antigen peptides. (elifesciences.org)
  • Drugs using this approach, called immune checkpoint blockade, now are approved for treating late-stage melanoma and lung cancer. (mdanderson.org)
  • Now researchers at the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT have developed a technique to prevent cytokines escaping once they have been injected into the tumour, by adding a Velcro-like protein that attaches itself to the tissue. (oncology-commercial-services.com)
  • Unlike cancer arising in the human population, tumors in genetically engineered mouse models arise in mice with well defined genetic backgrounds where genetic variability can be minimized. (molvis.org)
  • Additionally, TAMs in the hypoxic niches within the tumor are known to mediate resistance to several anticancer treatments and to promote cancer relapse. (nutriforce.cn)
  • We engineered a non-replicating pseudotyped influenza virus (S-FLU) to deliver the well-known cancer testis antigen, NY-ESO-1 (NY-ESO-1 S-FLU). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Although the abscopal effects on concomitant uninjected lesions were modest, such distant effects on untreated lesions were markedly increased when combined with systemic PD-1 blockade. (unav.edu)
  • In particular, immune stimulation effected by intralesional agents may promote the release and presentation of tumor-derived antigens which may synergise with the systemic effects of checkpoint inhibitor agents. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In animals bearing PD-L1-deficient MC38 tumors, mice with total PD-L1 knockout (KO) controlled tumor growth better than wild-type (WT) mice, as observed previously. (acir.org)
  • D ) Thermally ablated tumors exhibited a transient suppression in growth compared with ( E ) contralateral and ( F ) NT control tumors. (jci.org)
  • K - M ) H&E staining performed at day 31 confirmed that, compared with ( K ) control tumors ( n = 3), viable tumor was reduced in ( L ) treated tumors ( n = 3), where residual viable tumor tissue (red arrows) existed outside the path of the ultrasound beam. (jci.org)
  • Conversely, PD-L1 mAb did not enhance tumor control in poorly immunogenic MOC2 tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Treating tumor-bearing PD-L1 ΔDC mice with anti-PD-L1 antibodies that blocked either only the PD-L1/B7-1 interactions or both the PD-L1/B7-1 interactions and PD-L1/PD-1 interactions did not further enhance tumor control. (acir.org)
  • When combining dolastatins with tumour-antigen-specific vaccination or blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 co-inhibitory pathways, we observed substantial therapeutic synergies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Monoclonal antibodies that block PS interactions with its receptors have exhibited anti-tumor activity in mouse tumor models Rabbit polyclonal to AGMAT (He et al. (cell-metabolism.com)
  • In syngeneic mouse models of breast malignancy and melanoma, targeting PS using the mouse monoclonal antibody mch1N11, which blocks the conversation of PS with its receptors, in combination with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) promoted greater anti-tumor activity than either. (cell-metabolism.com)
  • Tripartite Motif Containing 13 (TRIM13), a member of TRIM proteins, is deleted in multiple tumor types, especially in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma. (cancerindex.org)
  • CD47 ligation leads to cell death in many normal and tumor cell lines via apoptosis or autophagy . (wikidoc.org)
  • Disease relapse following CAR T cell therapy can be categorized into two major patterns: target antigen loss relapse or antigen-positive relapse. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Interestingly, however, mature DCs in NSCLC tumors had the highest level of PD-L1 (and B7-1) expression on a per cell basis among intratumoral myeloid populations. (acir.org)
  • Since its finding, studies have shown the overexpression and resultant promotion of tumor growth of CCL2 in melanoma (35) and ovarian (36), BMS-986020 sodium breast (37C40), esophageal (41,42), gastric (43), renal cell (44), lung (45C47), colon (48), and papillary thyroid carcinomas (49) (Table 2). (wwec2012.net)
  • Our discovery that chronically infected PSGL-1 (P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1)-deficient mice mounted a robust anti-viral T cell response that supported viral clearance and was linked to downregulation of multiple inhibitory receptors demonstrates that PSGL-1 represents a new target for immune modulation. (hhs.gov)
  • 8000 peptide targets from the CT26 tumor cell line. (elifesciences.org)
  • Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) has been recently identified as a heterophilic ligand for Tim-3. (medscimonit.com)
  • Thermal ablation is an appealing modality to pair with such protocols, as tumors can be rapidly debulked (cell death occurring within minutes to hours), tumor antigens can be released locally, and treatment can be conducted and repeated without the concerns of radiation-based therapies. (jci.org)
  • T cell memory is antigen-specific, and can provide durable host-wide protection. (frontiersin.org)
  • In normal control adult mouse eyes, ETS-1 was mostly present in the nuclei of all neuroretinal layers whereas ETS-2 was mostly localized in the cytosol of the cell bodies of these layers with a smaller amount present in the nuclei. (molvis.org)
  • In certain lymphomas, the immunoglobulin antigen that the lymphoid cell is supposed to be producing becomes mutated, and hence a potential target for vaccines. (oncolink.org)
  • In fact, this type of antigen was the target of the first monoclonal antibody therapy for a malignancy (B-cell lymphoma) in 1982. (oncolink.org)
  • Natural killer (NK) cell function was examined in each mouse strain using standard (51)Chromium release assays. (nih.gov)
  • There was also an increase in the number of CD8 + T eff specific to B16 melanoma antigens (p15 and TRP-2). (acir.org)
  • Injecting the cytokine treatment directly into the tumour itself could provide a method of confining its benefits to the tumour and sparing healthy tissue, but previous attempts to do this have resulted in the proteins leaking out of the cancerous tissue and into the body's circulation within minutes. (oncology-commercial-services.com)
  • The XMG1.2 monoclonal antibody reacts with mouse IFNγ (interferon gamma) a 20 kDa soluble pleiotropic cytokine and the sole member of the type II class of interferons. (bioxcell.com)
  • Patients with metastatic melanoma treated with anti-PD1 checkpoint blockade have their disease controlled longer if they have a more diverse population of bacteria in the gut or an abundance of certain types of bacteria, according to the team's analysis of fecal samples to assess patients' gut microbiomes. (mdanderson.org)
  • We found increased PS expression on several immune subsets in the blood of patients with metastatic melanoma after receiving tumor-directed RT. (cell-metabolism.com)
  • In vivo tumor growth in C57BL/6 J and NSG mice, in vivo antibody depletion, flow cytometry, immunoblot, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout, histological and RNA-Seq analyses were used to decipher 5-NL's immunomodulatory effects in vitro and in vivo. (bvsalud.org)
  • Immune signatures from a cohort of patients with melanoma who had tumor biopsies taken at baseline and at 6 weeks after initiation of anti-CTLA-4 were compared with the same gene expression panel used above between responders and non-responders and between the tumor tissue, irEC tissue, and normal tissue. (acir.org)
  • There were 343/770 genes differentially expressed between irEC tissue and responder tumors, while only 70 genes were differentially expressed between irEC and non-responding tumors, indicating more similarity between irEC and non-responding tumor tissue. (acir.org)
  • Among the 343 genes, the largest differences were found in IL6 and genes encoding for neutrophil and monocyte chemokines, while there was no significant difference for these genes between irEC and non-responding tumor tissue. (acir.org)
  • Thermal ablation did not reduce viable ( M ) contralateral tumor tissue ( n = 3). (jci.org)
  • In this way the researchers, led by Dane Wittrup, the Carbon P. Dubbs Professor in Chemical Engineering and Biological Engineering and a member of the Koch Institute, hope to limit the harm caused to healthy tissue, while prolonging the treatment's ability to attack the tumour. (oncology-commercial-services.com)
  • Combined administration with anti-PD-1 antibody, NY-ESO-1 S-FLU virus augmented the tumour protection by reducing the tumour metastasis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In combination with ICBs, Guadecitabine significantly reduced subcutaneous tumor growth as well as metastases formation compared to ICBs and Guadecitabine treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we investigate the impact of different immune pressure on tumor clonal dynamics and immune evasion mechanism, by combining massive parallel sequencing of immune edited tumors and CRISPR library screens in syngeneic mouse tumor model and co-culture system. (nature.com)
  • The vaccine formulations targeting these antigens have caused a relatively weak immune response. (oncolink.org)
  • ScFv is the antigen-binding domain of CAR structure, which is composed of a single heavy and light chain of monoclonal antibody connected by a linker. (biomedcentral.com)
  • iii) The hypoxic tumor environment is immunosuppressive and prevents an antitumor response. (nutriforce.cn)
  • In Balb/c mice bearing immunogenic CT26 tumors, adding IL-6 blockade to anti-CTLA-4 resulted in improved tumor reduction, with 48% of mice cured, while anti-CTLA-4 alone resulted in 32% cures. (acir.org)
  • To assess whether increased IL-6 expression in irEC and non-responding tumors is mechanistically related to tumor resistance to ICB, anti-CTLA-4 was tested in the aggressive B16.BL6 melanoma model. (acir.org)
  • The authors postulated that the age of the animal at the time of its first encounter with a foreign body was the critical factor in determining its responsiveness and, hence, its recognition of nonself antigens. (medscape.com)
  • These findings spotlight the potential of combining PS targeting with RT and PD-1 pathway blockade to improve outcomes in patients with advanced-stage cancers. (cell-metabolism.com)