• this syndrome is distinguished by the presence of hypoxemia and pulmonary vasodilation. (clinsurgeryjournal.com)
  • Within the physiopathology of this syndrome we can find three main mechanisms for the hypoxia: pulmonary right to left shunts, faults in the capillary socket diffusion of oxygen and alterations in the alveolar perfusion-ventilation [3]. (clinsurgeryjournal.com)
  • In other cases, however, a second opinion may present a treatment option that better fits your disease - which could improve or even save your life. (surgerysecondopinion.com)
  • 1 Fluckiger first described a relationship between HPS and cirrhosis on a female patient with cyanosis and cirrhosis in 1884, but Kennedy and Knudson named the situation "Hepatopulmonary Syndrome" in 1977. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • 2 HPS is usually associated with portal hypertension with or without cirrhosis, but it can occur also in patients with acute or chronic hepatitis, 3 - 5 hypoxic hepatitis, 6 extrahepatic obstruction, Budd-Chiari Syndrome, 7 and cavopulmonary shunts. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • It is a triad of liver dysfunction and/or portal hypertension, intrapulmonary vascular dilatations, and increased alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • Physical findings suggesting hypoxia (clubbing and acrocyanosis), along with findings of chronic liver disease (spiders, palmar erythema) and portal hypertension (splenomegaly), are strongly indicative of the hepatopulmonary syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • [ 2 , 3 , 4 ] Cutaneous spiders and hyperdynamic circulation are strongly correlated with the presence of intrapulmonary shunts.Patients with liver disease and hepatopulmonary syndrome present with exertional dyspnea and platypnea. (medscape.com)
  • A severe and common pulmonary vascular complication of liver disease is hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS). (xiahepublishing.com)
  • In a Mayo Clinic series of patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome, 88% had orthodeoxia. (medscape.com)
  • Objective: To investigate the effect of methylene blue tracing on the effect of surgical resection and the prognosis of gastric cancer patients in D2 radical surgery under laparoscope. (bvsalud.org)
  • Among them, 84 patients underwent laparoscopic D2 radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer combined with methylene blue labeling operation (labeling group), and the other 76 patients underwent only laparoscopic D2 radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer (control group). (bvsalud.org)
  • That is, there is increased perfusion of the relatively poorly ventilated lung bases in the upright position, with resulting shunt-like effect and hypoxemia. (medscape.com)
  • If the arterial pO 2 on 100% oxygen is less than 200 mm Hg, severe dilatations, discrete arteriovenous communications, or intracardiac shunt should be suspected.Technetium-99 macroaggregated albumin lung perfusion scan can support the diagnosis of hepatopulmonary syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • Airway obstruction may be secondary to bronchospasm, airway inflammation, loss of lung elastic recoil, increased secretions in the airway, or any combination of these causes. (medscape.com)