Methylation toward repetitive dna suggests. Medical search. Frequent questions

Future research, including studies of gene-specific methylation, is needed to understand better the opposing associations of Alu and LINE-1 methylation with race/ethnicity and wealth as well as the extent to which small methylation changes in these sequences may influence disparities in health. (columbia.edu)
SNL caused DNA methylation changes at 8% of CpG sites with prevailing hypomethylation outside of CpG islands, in introns, intergenic regions, and repetitive sequences. (jneurosci.org)
Repeated sequences (also known as repetitive elements, repeating units or repeats) are short or long patterns of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) that occur in multiple copies throughout the genome. (wikipedia.org)
While some repeated DNA sequences are important for cellular functioning and genome maintenance, other repetitive sequences can be harmful. (wikipedia.org)
Many repetitive DNA sequences have been linked to human diseases such as Huntington's disease and Friedreich's ataxia. (wikipedia.org)
Some repetitive elements are neutral and occur when there is an absence of selection for specific sequences depending on how transposition or crossing over occurs. (wikipedia.org)
McClintock's work set the stage for the discovery of repeated sequences because transposition, centromere structure, and telomere structure are all possible through repetitive elements, yet this was not fully understood at the time. (wikipedia.org)
Although the repetitive DNA sequences were conserved and ubiquitous, their biological role was yet unknown. (wikipedia.org)
Today, the structural and regulatory roles of repetitive DNA sequences remain an active area of research. (wikipedia.org)
Many repeat sequences are likely to be non-functional, decaying remnants of Transposable elements, these have been labelled "junk" or "selfish" DNA. (wikipedia.org)
Location and identification of several repetitive DNA sequences within and flanking the gene are also described. (elsevierpure.com)
DNA methylation, particularly 5-methylcytosine (5mC) at CpG sequences, is widely conserved in eukaryotes. (elifesciences.org)
Transcript profiling revealed that the majority of up-regulated loci in mom1 carry sequences related to transposons and homologous to the 24-nt siRNAs accumulated in wild-type plants that are the hallmarks of RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM). (omicsdi.org)
RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) is a process that uses 24-nucleotide (nt) small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to induce de novo methylation to its homologous DNA sequences. (omicsdi.org)
Heterochromatin is a repressive form of chromatin found at repetitive sequences such as centromeres, telomeres and transposons. (dundee.ac.uk)
In another recent publication, entitled " CGGBP1 mitigates cytosine methylation at repetitive DNA sequences ," scientists at the Science for Life Laboratory at Uppsala University used bisulfite conversion paired with PacBio® sequencing to examine the effect of depleting the transcription factor CGGBP1 on the level of methylation in Alu and LINE repeats. (pacb.com)
Physical linkage of mouse lambda genes by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis suggests that the rearrangement process favors proximate target sequences. (uchicago.edu)
Alignment of sequences was performed for the excised mitochondrial 12S ribosomal DNA sequences, and conserved regions were identified for all 64 mitochondrial genomes. (lookformedical.com)
Second, we highlight the importance and potential of complete or 100% genome sequencing, i.e., the ability to sequence highly repetitive non-coding sequences beyond the reach of current NGS technologies. (frontiersin.org)
Altered DNA methylation in estrogen-responsive repetitive sequences ofspermatozoa of infertile men with shortened anogenital distance. (diagenode.com)
DNA methylation acts to block the genetic sequences that drive gene expression, silencing gene activity. (kcl.ac.uk)
Despite the primary long-read assembly being ' quite excellent' , sex chromosome contigs were shorter than autosomal contigs, with repetitive sequences proving particularly problematic to resolve. (nanoporetech.com)
Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic sequences that comprise around 50% of our genomic DNA. (lu.se)

In silico transcriptome analysis of CpG O/E ratios suggested that the bulk of Posidonia oceanica and Cymodocea nodosa genes possess high levels of intragenic methylation. (nature.com)
We also observed a correlation between gbM and gene expression flexibility: genes with low DNA methylation tend to show flexible gene expression and plasticity under changing conditions. (nature.com)
Gene body DNA methylation (gbM) refers to genes with enriched mCG within the transcribed regions and depletion at the transcriptional start and termination sites 16 , 17 . (nature.com)
We hypothesize that methylmercury and inorganic Hg exposures from fish consumption and dental amalgams, respectively, may be associated with altered DNA methylation at global repetitive elements (long interspersed elements, LINE-1) and candidate genes related to epigenetic processes (DNMT1) and protection against Hg toxicity (SEPW1, SEPP1). (cdc.gov)
Follow-up analyses, including gene set enrichment analysis, expression quantitative trait methylation analysis, and functional enrichment analysis on differentially methylated positions and regions, further prioritized three CpGs and their annotated genes (cg23800023-ETS1, cg08426368-TGFB3, and cg17350632-HLA-DPB1) for AIx. (bvsalud.org)
Overall, our findings support the possible role of epigenetic regulation via DNA methylation of specific genes associated with AIx as well as identifying potential targets for regulation of AS/PH. (bvsalud.org)
These findings suggest that the expression of both VuWRKY genes in Arabidopsis , particularly VuWRKY21 , activated genes involved in salinity tolerance. (mdpi.com)
Retrospective studies of the survivors of famines, such as those exposed to the Dutch Hunger Winter of 1944-45, have linked exposures around conception to later disease outcomes, some of which correlate with DNA methylation changes at certain genes. (frontiersin.org)
Also, it doesn't involve changes to DNA sequence itself, but somewhat to the way the genes appear to be turned off and on. (healthjockey.com)
The arrangement of methyl chemical groups on the cytosine base in DNA (known as "cytosine methylation"), which specifies when genes are to be turned on or off, are one form of epigenomic regulation that may highly influence disease and health in the brain. (neurosciencenews.com)
Despite the presence of centromeric 24-nt siRNAs, mutations in genes required for RdDM do not appreciably influence the methylation of centromeric repeats. (omicsdi.org)
To identify genes with an altered DNA methylation pattern during HSC activation, a genome-wide DNA methylation analysis was performed (EpiQuest Sequencing, Zymo Research). (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore the expression of genes, that were suggested to be important for active DNA demethylation, was investigated by qPCR. (biomedcentral.com)
In order to identify genes, which were regulated by changes in their DNA methylation, a genome-wide DNA methylation analysis was performed in HSC. (biomedcentral.com)
Association of two different repetitive DNA elements near immunoglobulin light chain genes. (uchicago.edu)
Evidence from twin studies shows there is a strong genetic component to ASD and previous studies suggest that genes that direct brain development may be involved in the disorder. (kcl.ac.uk)
Epigenetic changes affect the expression or activity of genes without changing the underlying DNA sequence - they are believed to be one mechanism by which the environment can interact with the genome. (kcl.ac.uk)
Defects in processes that modulate cell division, such as mutations in genes that participate in DNA repair, uncorrected errors during replication, or broken, missing, rearranged, or extra chromosomes, are the principal drivers of genomic instability. (foundmyfitness.com)

In animals, 5mC is maintained during DNA replication by DNMT1 together with UHRF1, which directly recognizes hemimethylated cytosine via the SRA domain and stimulates activity of DNMT1 in a manner dependent on its ubiquitin-ligase activity ( Nishiyama and Nakanishi, 2021 ). (elifesciences.org)
In plants, cytosine methylation is an additional factor regulating inactive chromatin, but the mechanisms regulating the coexistence of cytosine methylation and repressive histone modification remain obscure. (omicsdi.org)
Analysis of a single-copy gene, SUPPRESSOR OF drm1 drm2 cmt3 (SDC), revealed that mom1 activates SDC with concomitant reduction of di-methylated histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me2) at the tandem repeats in the promoter region without changes in siRNA accumulation and cytosine methylation. (omicsdi.org)
Histones and DNAs in heterochromatin have characteristic features with abundant H3H9me2 and cytosine methylation, respectively. (omicsdi.org)
It is widely accepted that cytosine methylation is a crucial regulatory mechanism in both normal and pathological processes. (biomedcentral.com)
DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
For example, a DNA methyltransferase gene in the wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici (synonym Mycosphaerella graminicola ) was amplified to tens of copies, all of which were inactivated by Repeat-Induced Point mutation (RIP) including the original, resulting in loss of cytosine methylation. (biomedcentral.com)

In many organisms, a significant fraction of the genomic DNA is repetitive, with over two-thirds of the sequence consisting of repetitive elements in humans. (wikipedia.org)
Infinium BeadChip assays and bisulfite pyrosequencing revealed significant demethylation across entire genomic regions, including CpG islands, gene bodies, intergenic regions, and repetitive elements. (biomedcentral.com)
The conserved genomic synteny between allotetraploids and related species may suggest a role for epigenetic modifications in nonadditive gene expression as observed in resynthesized and natural allopolyploids. (nature.com)
Indeed, these balanced genomic diversities are accompanied by pervasive convergent and concerted changes in DNA methylation and gene expression among allotetraploids. (nature.com)
The identification of differences in methylation status of OXTR in people with and without autism was believed to have been discovered via a genome-wide investigation of genomic instability. (healthjockey.com)
However, the analysis of a single CpG site or a few CpG sites as surrogate indicators of DNA methylation status of the surrounding region is the most prevalent strategy in epigenetic studies at different scales, due to the assumption of the relatively homogeneous distribution of DNA methylation within genomic regions. (biomedcentral.com)
An initial 'dive' into this using short-read sequencing of male and female vole genomic DNA provided some insights but an incomplete picture. (nanoporetech.com)
Employing ChIP-seq data for these cell lines, we show that IAP elements robustly induce H3K9me3 and H4K20me3 marks in flanking genomic DNA. (prolekarniky.cz)
Genomic instability , the increased tendency for DNA mutations (e.g., base deletions, additions, or substitutions) and other genetic changes (e.g., chromosome architecture) to occur over time. (foundmyfitness.com)
[3] Cellular checkpoints and DNA damage-response pathways help preserve genomic stability and cell-cycle progression, but these processes decline with aging. (foundmyfitness.com)
In this model, large portions of genomic DNA operate as 'sinks', which are filled by 'sources', such as available histone variants, covalent modifications to histones, the readers of these modifications and non-coding RNAs. (biologists.com)

Furthermore, the empirical determination of global DNA methylation (5-mC) showed patterns of intra and inter-specific divergence that suggests a link between methylation level and the plants' latitude of origin and life history. (nature.com)
The global DNA methylation of quiescent and activated HSC was analyzed by a 5-methylcytosine (5meC) ELISA (MethylFlash DNA methylation quantification kit, Epigentek) and immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed HSC with an antibody against 5meC. (biomedcentral.com)
The analysis of global DNA methylation during in vitro activation of HSC by 5meC ELISA revealed a strong decrease of DNA methylation within three days of culture. (biomedcentral.com)
The decrease in global DNA methylation in cultured HSC was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining with a 5meC specific antibody, which showed a gradual loss of DNA methylation within the first days of culture. (biomedcentral.com)

Here we use nucleosome occupancy and methylation sequencing method to analyze both the genome-wide chromatin accessibility and DNA methylome at a series of crucial time points during fetal germ cell development in both human and mouse. (nature.com)
Although the global and thorough DNA demethylation patterns of human FGCs have been revealed, the accompanying chromatin states in human germline remains unexplored. (nature.com)
We hypothesize that CDCA7 becomes dispensable in species that lost HELLS or DNA methylation, and/or the loss of CDCA7 triggers the replacement of DNA methylation by other chromatin regulation mechanisms. (elifesciences.org)
Finally, the majority of DMRs were located within an active chromatin state in tissues profiled using the Roadmap Epigenome data, suggesting that methylation changes may contribute to altered regulatory programs through the adaptation of cell type-specific expression programs. (wustl.edu)
These include chemical modifications of DNA bases, post-translational histone modifications and chromatin structure, and their configuration can be affected by a variety of environmental exposures. (frontiersin.org)
VN show greatly reduced H3K9me2, phenocopying nuclei carrying a mutation in the chromatin remodeller DECREASE IN DNA METHYLATION 1 (DDM1). (omicsdi.org)
The genome of eukaryotic cells is organised into chromatin, a dynamic structure composed of DNA and specialised proteins that packages DNA to fit inside the nucleus, regulates gene expression and ensures genome stability. (dundee.ac.uk)
Indeed, the RNAi effector complex RITS recruits to chromatin the methyltransferase complex CLRC, which is responsible for methylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9me), a repressive chromatin mark. (dundee.ac.uk)
If it is a consequence, then gene repression caused by chromatin modification may be stabilized by DNA methylation. (biomedcentral.com)
During this process, broad changes occur in histone methylation (increase of H3K9me3) and acetylation (decrease of H4ac), suggesting that during tumor maintenance MYC maintains large areas of active chromatin. (biomedcentral.com)
Epigenetics refers to heritable changes to the chromatin state that are not due to changes in DNA sequence, such as those accompanying cellular reprogramming [ 28 , 29 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
All living organisms package their DNA with chromatin proteins. (biologists.com)

Methylation reprogramming was correlated with increased gene expression variability. (jneurosci.org)
The role of DNA methylation and its interaction with gene expression and transcriptome plasticity is poorly understood, and current insight comes mainly from studies in very few model plant species. (nature.com)
Here, we study gene body DNA methylation (gbM) and gene expression patterns in ecotypes from contrasting thermal environments of two marine plants with contrasting life history strategies in order to explore the potential role epigenetic mechanisms could play in gene plasticity and responsiveness to heat stress. (nature.com)
Although the causes and potential functional consequences of gbM for gene expression are not fully understood 22 , genic CG methylation was reported to be associated with gene expression in both plants and animals 17 . (nature.com)
Etiologic studies of cancer increasingly use molecular features such as gene expression, DNA methylation and sequence mutation to subclassify the cancer type. (biomedcentral.com)
DNA methylation is the most commonly studied epigenetic mark in humans, as it is well recognised as a stable, heritable mark that can affect genome function and influence gene expression. (frontiersin.org)
Epigenetic marks are heritable DNA modifications that can influence gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. (frontiersin.org)
Our offering includes DNA sequencing, as well as RNA and gene expression analysis and future technology for analysing proteins. (nanoporetech.com)

Aberrant DNA methylation in cancer can be generated either prior to or following cell transformation through mutations. (aacrjournals.org)
In this study, we examined the involvement of UHRF1 in aberrant DNA methylation and gene silencing in colorectal cancer (CRC). (biomedcentral.com)
Placenta-associated pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction, are all associated with aberrant patterns of DNA methylation and expression which are only now being linked to disease risk later in life. (frontiersin.org)
While aberrant DNA methylation is a characteristic feature of tumor cells, our knowledge of how these DNA methylation patterns are established and maintained is limited. (biomedcentral.com)

Mutations in HELLS, its activator CDCA7, and the de novo DNA methyltransferase DNMT3B, cause immunodeficiency-centromeric instability-facial anomalies (ICF) syndrome, a genetic disorder associated with the loss of DNA methylation. (elifesciences.org)
it remains unclear if there is any common process or event that leads to the loss of DNA methylation systems in certain evolutionary lineages. (elifesciences.org)

Epigenetics and stroke: role of DNA methylation and effect of aging onblood-brain barrier recovery. (diagenode.com)

Dr Chloe Wong , first author of the study from King's College London's Institute of Psychiatry, says: "We've identified distinctive patterns of DNA methylation associated with both autism diagnosis and related behaviour traits, and increasing severity of symptoms. (kcl.ac.uk)

The current study was designed to use an epigenome-wide association approach (EWAS) to identify potential systemic DNA methylation alterations that are associated with obesity using 22 discordant twin pairs. (bvsalud.org)
In this issue, we generally review the mechanisms of cellular senescence in diabetic nephropathy, which involve telomere attrition, DNA damage, epigenetic alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of Klotho, Wnt/ β -catenin signaling activation, persistent inflammation, and accumulation of uremic toxins. (hindawi.com)
To determine the potential contribution of DNA methylation alterations to tumor phenotype in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in both smoker and never-smoker patients, we performed genome-wide profiling of DNA methylation in 17 primary NSCLC tumors and 10 matched normal lung samples using the complementary assays methylation DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP-seq) and methylation sensitive restriction enzyme digestion followed by sequencing (MRE-seq). (wustl.edu)
The aim of the present study is a comprehensive analysis of DNA methylation alterations during HSC activation at a global and gene-specific level to elucidate their impact on hepatic stellate cell activation and to identify basic mechanisms of epigenetic control in adult stem cells during differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
Epigenetic alterations , non-sequential changes in DNA that accumulate over time and contribute to the loss of proteostasis. (foundmyfitness.com)

In addition, the level of methylation of the HpaII sites (CCGG) within CGIs demonstrates a correlation with average CGI methylation levels [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In this review, we take a wide view of this problem by analyzing the strategies involved in setting up normal DNA methylation patterns and understanding how this stable epigenetic mark works to prevent gene activation during development. (aacrjournals.org)

DNA-dispersed repeats were increasingly recognized as a potential source of genetic variation and regulation. (wikipedia.org)
Recombination is important as a source of genetic diversity, as a mechanism for repairing damaged DNA, and a necessary step in the appropriate segregation of chromosomes in meiosis. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, genetic risk variants of neurodevelopmental disorders have been found to be enriched at loci associated with DNAm patterns, referred to as methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTLs). (biomedcentral.com)
DNAm data generated on the Illumina Human Methylation 450 K array were used to examine the interaction between genetic variation and DNAm patterns associated with these disorders. (biomedcentral.com)
Because identical twins share the same genetic code, this suggests non-genetic, or epigenetic, factors may be involved. (kcl.ac.uk)
DNA methylation at some genetic sites was consistently altered for all individuals with ASD, and differences at other sites were specific to certain symptom groups. (kcl.ac.uk)
Additionally, some of the differences in DNA methylation markers were located in genetic regions that previous research has associated with early brain development and ASD. (kcl.ac.uk)

Intrathecal administration of the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor RG108 caused long-lasting pain hypersensitivity. (jneurosci.org)
While DNMT3, the maintenance DNA methyltransferase DNMT1, HELLS, and CDCA7 are all highly conserved in vertebrates and green plants, they are frequently co-lost in other evolutionary clades. (elifesciences.org)
Knockout of TRDMT1 methyltransferase affects DNA methylome inglioblastoma cells. (diagenode.com)

These findings extend our understanding of the epigenetic mechanism of chronic neuropathic pain and suggest new strategies to treat nerve injury-induced chronic pain. (jneurosci.org)
Could the emergence or loss of a specific nucleosome regulator affect the evolution of DNA methylation as an epigenetic mechanism? (elifesciences.org)
Studies in various organisms suggest that heterochromatin formation can be targeted by RNA interference (RNAi), a conserved regulatory mechanism mediated by small RNAs. (dundee.ac.uk)
Our results indicate that direct and selective methylation of certain TFBS that prevents TF binding is restricted to special cases and cannot be considered as a general regulatory mechanism of transcription. (biomedcentral.com)
In order to analyze the mechanism of DNA demethylation during HSC activation, the cell proliferation was examined by DNA synthesis determination via BrdU (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine) assay and Ki67 Western blot analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
It was further investigated, if the DNA demethylation in HSC depends on a passive or an active mechanism. (biomedcentral.com)
The researchers studied an epigenetic mechanism called DNA methylation. (kcl.ac.uk)
In plants, invertebrate species and vertebrates, DNA methylation has been described as an important epigenetic silencing mechanism. (prolekarniky.cz)

Global repetitive and candidate gene methylation was quantified via pyrosequencing of bisulfite converted DNA isolated from buccal mucosa. (cdc.gov)
MethyLight utilizes TaqMan-based, real-time PCR technology, which can provide an approximate measure of the amount of methylated DNA from a gene-specific MethyLight reaction and the amount of bisulfite-converted DNA using a control reaction, from the number of PCR cycles, or C(t) value. (biomedcentral.com)
A key component to the development of SMRT-BS was the optimization of bisulfite conversion and PCR, which resulted in amplicons up to ~1.5-2.0 kb from bisulfite-converted DNA," the researchers write, noting that amplicons of this length "theoretically can cover ~91% of CpG islands in the human genome. (pacb.com)

Lead author Yao Yang and colleagues note in the paper [" Quantitative and multiplexed DNA methylation analysis using long-read single-molecule real-time bisulfite sequencing (SMRT-BS) "] that existing methods for methylation analysis are limited by cost and throughput in the case of Sanger sequencing, or short read lengths with NGS technologies. (pacb.com)
As a cost-effective alternative to other targeted bisulfite sequencing techniques, SMRT-BS is an efficient and highly quantitative method for DNA methylation analysis. (pacb.com)
Quantitative analysis of repetitive element methylation was performed with a methylation-sensitive restriction followed by a quantitative PCR analysis (qPCR). (biomedcentral.com)
The number of DNA methylation sites across the genome was also linked to the severity of autism symptoms suggesting a quantitative relationship between the two. (kcl.ac.uk)

It is likely that this methylation contributes to the tumor state by inhibiting the plasticity of cell differentiation processes. (aacrjournals.org)
In large population-based studies, the tumor tissues available for study are archival specimens that provide variable amounts of amplifiable DNA for molecular analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
As molecular features measured from small amounts of tumor DNA are inherently noisy, we propose a novel approach to improve statistical efficiency when comparing groups of samples. (biomedcentral.com)
Tumor characteristics measured from small amounts of tumor DNA are inherently noisy. (biomedcentral.com)
Consequently, DNA is extracted from only a portion of the tumor, and fragmented prior to lab analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
Knockdown of TET1 or ectopic expression of TET2 in T-ALL was associated with genome-wide changes in 5mC and 5hmC enrichment and decreased cell proliferation, suggesting a tumor promoting function of TET1, and a tumor suppressing role for TET2. (biomedcentral.com)
It reveals a coordinated interplay between the components of the DNA (de)methylating machinery that contribute to MYC-driven tumor maintenance, highlighting the potential of specific TET enzymes for therapeutic strategies. (biomedcentral.com)

Several reports have suggested a role for epigenetic mechanisms in ASD etiology. (springer.com)
The authors note that "the possibility of bi-directional change in Alu CpG suggests that different Alu elements may be subjected to different mechanisms of CpG methylations regulation by CGGBP1," and cite the need for follow-up studies to identify the differences between the two populations of Alu elements. (pacb.com)
We show that human and chimpanzee cells differentiate in a similar man¬ner and that the difference in interspecies protein abundance is higher than transcript-level differences, suggesting that post-transcriptional mechanisms play a role in the difference between human and chim¬panzee brain development. (lu.se)
Taken together, our results suggest that post-transcriptional mechanisms play an important role in the brain both during development and in the adult brain. (lu.se)

Then, at the time of implantation, there is a wave of de novo methylation that modifies almost all CpGs in the genome except for CpG islands that are protected ( 2 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Conversely, methylation by de novo DNMTs does not require methylated DNA templates. (elifesciences.org)

To gain a better understanding of the link between epigenetics (DNA methylation) and AS/PH, we examined the relationship of eight measures of AS/PH with CpG sites and co-methylated regions using multi-ancestry participants from Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) with sample sizes ranging from 438 to 874. (bvsalud.org)
However not a change to the DNA sequence itself, methylation status may perhaps be innate, by epigenetics. (healthjockey.com)

The researchers found consistent differences in OXTR methylation. (healthjockey.com)

Autism and OCD are known to share the symptom of extremely repetitive thoughts and behaviors. (healthjockey.com)
Core features of OCD consist of recurrent and unwanted thoughts, urges, and repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce anxiety or a sense of dread [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Autism and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are complex neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by dysfunctions in social interactions, communications, restricted interests, and repetitive stereotypic behaviors. (mdpi.com)

An average promoter methylation is usually used in studies, whereas recent results suggested that methylation of individual cytosines can also be important. (biomedcentral.com)

Methylated CG (mCG) is the most abundant form of mC in plant genomes and predominantly occurs in noncoding regions such as transposable elements and other repetitive DNA regions 14 , 15 . (nature.com)
they found out that more than half of the eukaryotic genomes were repetitive DNA through their experiments on reassociation of DNA. (wikipedia.org)
In this study we designed a set of PCR primers for the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal DNA sequence based on 64 complete mitochondrial genomes and then tested their efficacy. (lookformedical.com)
Transposable elements were initially viewed as "selfish" DNA or "parasitic" elements because of their deleterious effects on host genomes [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In Arabidopsis, constitutive heterochromatin is characterized by hypermethylated DNA and histone H3 dimethylated at lysine (K) 9 (H3K9me2) together with depletion of histone H3 dimethylated at lysine 4 (H3K4me2). (omicsdi.org)
Transduction of RNA-directed DNA methylation signals to repressive histone marks in Arabidopsis thaliana. (omicsdi.org)
Centromeric constitutive heterochromatin is marked by DNA methylation and dimethylated histone H3 Lys 9 (H3K9me2) in Arabidopsis. (omicsdi.org)
In Arabidopsis thaliana, TEs are strictly silenced by DNA methylation, which is often guided by small RNAs [8] . (prolekarniky.cz)

On the other hand, the major families of repetitive elements such as long-interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs), short-interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) and α satellites still retain abundant residual DNA methylation ( ∼ 12%-37%), which may provide a basis for potential transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. (nature.com)

5-Methylcytosine (5mC) and DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) are broadly conserved in eukaryotes but are also frequently lost during evolution. (elifesciences.org)
The results suggest that the roles for the two factors in DNA methylation maintenance pathways can be traced back to the last eukaryotic common ancestor and that the CDC7A-HELLS-DNMT axis shaped the evolutionary retention of DNA methylation in eukaryotes. (elifesciences.org)

Beyond this protective role, Mrr can inflict chromosomal DNA damage that elicits the SOS response in the host cell upon heterologous expression of specific methyltransferases such as M.HhaII, or after exposure to high pressure (HP). (uci.edu)
DNA methyltransferases and ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenases (TETs) function has been found altered in a variety of cancer types. (biomedcentral.com)
In mouse, IAPs (Intracisternal A-type Particle elements), long terminal repeats (LTR) retrotransposons (also termed endogenous retroviruses (ERVs)), are highly DNA methylated and the disruption of enzymes responsible for such methylation (DNA methyltransferases Dnmt1 and Dnmt3L) causes global derepression of IAP copies [6] , [7] , albeit only in particular tissues. (prolekarniky.cz)

The epigenome was rejuvenated to a similar extent, including H3K9me3 levels and the DNA methylation ageing clock. (elifesciences.org)

DNA from 968 blood samples from children in the Study to Explore Early Development (SEED 1) was used to generate epigenome-wide array DNA methylation (DNAm) data at 485,512 CpG sites for 453 cases and 515 controls, using the Illumina 450K Beadchip. (springer.com)
A growing body of research has demonstrated associations between specific neurodevelopmental disorders and variation in DNA methylation (DNAm), implicating this molecular mark as a possible contributor to the molecular etiology of these disorders and/or as a novel disease biomarker. (biomedcentral.com)
This suggested that the phenotypic heterogeneity of these disorders is reflected in altered DNAm at specific sites. (biomedcentral.com)

Following fertilization, there is a step-wise process of erasure that removes most of the methyl groups derived from the gametic DNA, thus forming an epigenetic ground state. (aacrjournals.org)

In the 2000s, the data from full eukaryotic genome sequencing enabled the identification of different promoters, enhancers, and regulatory RNAs which are all coded by repetitive regions. (wikipedia.org)
DNA methylation in promoters is closely linked to downstream gene repression. (biomedcentral.com)

DNA methylation, small RNAs and histone post-translational modifications. (prolekarniky.cz)

The disposition of repetitive elements throughout the genome can consist either in directly adjacent arrays called tandem repeats or in repeats dispersed throughout the genome called interspersed repeats. (wikipedia.org)
In the 1990s, more research was conducted to elucidate the evolutionary dynamics of minisatellite and microsatellite repeats because of their importance in DNA-based forensics and molecular ecology. (wikipedia.org)
These repeats fold into highly organized G quadruplex structures which protect the ends of chromosomal DNA from degradation. (wikipedia.org)
Lead author Prasoon Agarwaal and colleagues used genome-wide amplification of Alu and LINE-1 repeats using consensus primers and PacBio sequencing to examine the extent to which an observed genome-wide increase in CpG methylation after CGGBP1 knock down was focused in these regions. (pacb.com)

abstract = "The nucleotide sequence of a 6.8-kb region of human DNA containing the proenkephalin gene and flanking regions is reported. (elsevierpure.com)

CRC cell lines were transiently transfected with siRNAs targeting UHRF1 , after which DNA methylation was analyzed using dot blots, bisulfite pyrosequencing, and Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip assays. (biomedcentral.com)

In contrast, SNL caused more gains of methylation in the spinal cord and prefrontal cortex. (jneurosci.org)

In the ddm1 (decrease in DNA methylation 1) mutants, their transcriptional activation is accompanied by the expected shift in the H3 modifications--depletion of H3K9me2 and enrichment in H3K4me2. (omicsdi.org)
DNA methylation is one of the most studied epigenetic modifications. (biomedcentral.com)

Therefore, the period around conception is potentially critical for influencing DNA methylation, including methylation at imprinted alleles and metastable epialleles (MEs), loci where methylation varies between individuals but is correlated across tissues. (frontiersin.org)
Here, by using a genome tiling array, we showed that a subset of heterochromatin loci are silenced by the action of Morpheus' molecule 1 (MOM1) that is an epigeneic regulator for transcriptional gene silencing independent of global DNA and histone modification. (omicsdi.org)

Maintenance DNMTs (directly or indirectly) recognize hemimethylated CpGs and restore symmetric methylation at these sites to prevent the passive loss of 5mC upon DNA replication. (elifesciences.org)
This assumption is supported by multiple pieces of evidence of unmethylated CpGs closely co-located within CpG islands (CGIs) and methylated CpGs in repetitive elements. (biomedcentral.com)

This important manuscript reveals signatures of co-evolution of two nucleosome remodeling factors, Lsh/HELLS and CDCA7, which are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic DNA methylation. (elifesciences.org)

We analyzed the bulk transcriptome, bulk DNA methylome, and single-cell transcriptome (>358,000 cells, including BCR profiles) of peripheral blood samples harvested from up to 5 time points. (embl.de)

predict that this approach could be used for diagnostic methylation analysis and for confirmation of epigenome-wide association studies, in addition to the usual research applications in transcriptional regulation, human imprinting disorders, and other methylation-specific studies. (pacb.com)
We conducted two epigenome-wide association studies in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (aged 4-18 years) using DNA extracted from saliva. (biomedcentral.com)

Induction of RNA-directed DNA methylation upon decondensation of constitutive heterochromatin. (omicsdi.org)
However, unlike the situation in ddm1 nuclei, the decondensed heterochromatin retains dense CG methylation and transcriptional silencing, and, unexpectedly, is subjected to RdDM-dependent hypermethylation in non-CG contexts. (omicsdi.org)
Heterochromatin is an inert region in the genome and composed of mainly remnants of transposons and repetitive elements. (omicsdi.org)

Surprisingly, in A. suecica , A subgenome has lower methylation levels in all contexts especially the CG sites than A. arenosa and convergently to the T subgenome level. (nature.com)

The results suggest that MOM1 transduces RdDM signals to repressive histone modification in the core region of RdDM. (omicsdi.org)

Analysis of differential DNA methylation regions (DMRs) was used to identify epigenetic associations with metabolic and dietary measures related to obesity with discordant twins. (bvsalud.org)
Differential methylation patterns in lean and obese non-alcoholicsteatohepatitis-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. (diagenode.com)

Our findings, from a large community-based sample, suggest that DNA methylation is socially patterned. (columbia.edu)
These findings suggest that women aged 20-49 years might benefit from discussing potential breast cancer risk and ways to reduce risk with their health care providers. (cdc.gov)
My findings suggest that Mkt1 could act in an RNA surveillance pathway, thus linking RNA metabolism with the establishment of heterochromatic silencing. (dundee.ac.uk)

TEs are able to move throughout the genome either directly (DNA transposons) or by an RNA intermediate (Retrotransposons). (prolekarniky.cz)

We used data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Stress Study (N = 988) to describe age- and gender- independent associations of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES) with methylation of Alu and LINE-1 repetitive elements in leukocyte DNA. (columbia.edu)
Repetitive elements are enriched in the middle of chromosomes as well. (wikipedia.org)
Methylation was also increased in LINE-1 elements. (pacb.com)
Repetitive DNA elements account for approximately half of the genome and are normally highly methylated, thus the observed DNA demethylation may involve repetitive DNA elements. (biomedcentral.com)
First analysis of identifier elements, which belong to the class of short interspersed nuclear elements (SINE), showed a decrease of DNA methylation during HSC culture. (biomedcentral.com)
Additional repetitive DNA elements such as Line1 will be analyzed, to determine their contribution to DNA demethylation. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy22

Organisms13

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs91

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Phenomena and Processes114

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science5

Health Care1

Sequences23

Genes18

Cytosine7

Genomic11

Global DNA methylation4

Chromatin12

Gene expression8

Aberrant4

Loss of DNA methylation2

Role of DNA methylation1

Patterns of DNA methylation1

Alterations5

Level of methylation1

Epigenetic mark1

Genetic7

Methyltransferase3

Mechanism8

Bisulfite converted3

Quantitative4

Tumor7

Mechanisms4

Novo2

Epigenetics2

Differences1

Behaviors3

Promoter1

Genomes4

Arabidopsis4

Long-interspersed1

Eukaryotes2

Methyltransferases3

H3K9me31

DNAm3

Forming an epigenetic1

Promoters2

RNAs1

Repeats4

Abstract1

SiRNAs1

Contrast1

Modifications2

Loci2

CpGs2

Nucleosome1

Methylome1

Epigenome-wide association studies2

Heterochromatin3

Contexts1

Repressive1

Differential2

Findings3

Transposons1

Elements6