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Epigenesis, GeneticDNA MethylationEpigenomicsMethylationHistonesCpG IslandsChromatinDNA (Cytosine-5-)-MethyltransferaseSulfitesCytosine5-MethylcytosineGenomic ImprintingPromoter Regions, GeneticDNA Modification MethylasesAzacitidineGene SilencingDinucleoside PhosphatesLong Interspersed Nucleotide ElementsBase SequenceMethyltransferasesRNA, Long NoncodingDNADNA-Cytosine MethylasesDNA, NeoplasmDeoxyribonuclease HpaIISequence Analysis, DNAsnRNP Core ProteinsHistone-Lysine N-MethyltransferaseMolecular Sequence DataPolymerase Chain ReactionLysineS-AdenosylmethionineGenes, p16Genome, HumanGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticDeath-Associated Protein KinasesBlotting, SouthernGene Expression RegulationCell Line, TumorRNA, UntranslatedTranscription, GeneticCell LineOligonucleotide Array Sequence AnalysisGenetic LociInsulin-Like Growth Factor IIProtein MethyltransferasesGenes, Tumor SuppressorAllelesTumor Suppressor ProteinsCyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p15HeterochromatinGenomeGene Expression ProfilingDNA, PlantAlu ElementsCyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16EuchromatinPrader-Willi SyndromeSite-Specific DNA-Methyltransferase (Adenine-Specific)Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionAngelman SyndromeChromosomes, Human, XProtein-Arginine N-MethyltransferasesDNA PrimersRNA, MessengerAcetylationEmbryonic Stem CellsMutationRepressor ProteinsEmbryo, MammalianInheritance PatternsSpermatozoaNuclear ProteinsChromatin ImmunoprecipitationRepetitive Sequences, Nucleic AcidBeckwith-Wiedemann SyndromeModels, GeneticCytidineRestriction MappingDNA Restriction EnzymesEmbryonic DevelopmentDNA-Binding ProteinsTranscription FactorsGenes, NeoplasmCluster AnalysisNeoplasmsDeoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-SpecificGerm CellsTumor Markers, BiologicalPregnancyS-AdenosylhomocysteinePhenotypeGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalGenesDosage Compensation, GeneticMethyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2GenomicsPolycomb-Group ProteinsArabidopsisColorectal Neoplasms
HistoneGenome-wide DNADetermining geneGenesModificationsEmbryonic developmentDifferencesNucleosomeGene expressionInheritancePathogenesisRegulationChromatinBiomarkersChromosomePerson'sMethyl groupsMechanismsOccurPrognosticDiseases such as cancerProteinIdenticalRoleGeneticStudyDevelopmentAnalysisApproachSpecificallyProfilesSitesFoundCellTreatWeeksIncreasing DNA methylation
Histone7
  • Although the genome-wide histone modification landscapes of mouse in vivo germ cells and in vitro PGCLCs have been profiled and several germline-specific properties of epigenetic reprogramming have been revealed, the study of genome-scale chromatin states in human FGCs is still challenging, due to the scarcity of materials and technical difficulties. (nature.com)
  • For each type of virus, what is known about the roles of DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome positioning, and regulatory RNA in epigenetic regulation of the virus infection will be discussed. (mdpi.com)
  • Moreover, these long noncoding RNAs were transcriptionally regulated by epigenetic modification, including DNA methylation and histone methylation modification. (cancerindex.org)
  • H3K9me2 was found at several paternally methylated imprinted regions in sperm, suggesting that this histone mark signals special sites of the paternal genome where methylation is maintained. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Small RNAs including short-interfering (si)RNAs and piRNAs, and long RNAs such as long intergenic noncoding (linc)RNAs can direct histone modifications and cytosine methylation. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • DNA methylation and histone modifications play a central role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and cell differentiation. (cipsm.de)
  • Aberrant epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, have been known to be the hallmark of cancer [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Genome-wide DNA2
Determining gene1
  • DNA methylation is one of the major epigenetic mechanisms, and it plays an important role in determining gene function ( Hedrich and Tsokos, 2011 ). (frontiersin.org)
Genes6
  • In conclusion, our study demonstrated that hypomethylation of IFN-related genes is a common feature of GD/RA/SLE/SSc patients in CD4+ T cells, and the DNA methylation profile of IFN-related genes could be promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of GD, RA, SLE, and SSc. (frontiersin.org)
  • Conclusions Epigenetic modifications could play an important role in striatal differentiation, probably by regulating developmental genes. (bmj.com)
  • Are there epigenetic changes in specific immune genes of patients with PTSD that may predispose them to respiratory illness? (cdc.gov)
  • That was the beginning of the epigenetic revolution [1] ( Epigenetic Inheritance - What Genes Remember , SiS 41). (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Soon after fertilization, the vast majority of methylcytosine in sperm is converted by the Tet3 enzyme to hydroxymethylcytosine that gets lost by dilution during replication, effectively erasing cytosine methylation patterns except for a subset that is maintained, including those of some imprinted genes. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Most aging clocks estimate a person's biological age based on patterns of epigenetic markers-specifically, chemical tags called methyl groups that are layered onto DNA and affect how genes are expressed. (technologyreview.com)
Modifications1
  • Thus, we aim to test the influence of DNA methylation changes on the in vitro differentiation process of HD-hiPS toward post-mitotic medium sized spiny neurons, in order to check for potential modifications in the methylation patterns. (bmj.com)
Embryonic development1
Differences2
  • Results Global CpG methylation showed statistical significant differences in the methylation percentages of HD-iPS compared to control-iPS during the differentiation process. (bmj.com)
  • We will also examine differences in methylation patterns among responders with (a) comorbid WTC-PTSD and respiratory illness, (b) only respiratory illness, (c) only WTC-PTSD, and (d) neither respiratory illness nor WTC-PTSD. (cdc.gov)
Nucleosome1
  • Here we use nucleosome occupancy and methylation sequencing method to analyze both the genome-wide chromatin accessibility and DNA methylome at a series of crucial time points during fetal germ cell development in both human and mouse. (nature.com)
Gene expression2
Inheritance3
  • On the other hand, the major families of repetitive elements such as long-interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs), short-interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) and α satellites still retain abundant residual DNA methylation ( ∼ 12%-37%), which may provide a basis for potential transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. (nature.com)
  • NcRNAs such as those involved in RNA interference can be independently inherited, and can also direct chromatin modification and DNA methylation see [7, 8] RNA Inheritance of Acquired Characters , and Nucleic Acid Invaders from Food Confirmed , SiS 63). (i-sis.org.uk)
  • though major model organisms such as worms and flies have perfectly functional epigenetic inheritance despite lacking cytosine methylation. (i-sis.org.uk)
Pathogenesis2
  • A number of environmental risk factors could wield influence over the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases through epigenetic mechanisms ( Zhang and Zhang, 2015 ), which provide a crucial link between environmental and genetic risk factors of the diseases. (frontiersin.org)
  • Further studies will allow to elucidate the real contribution of DNA methylation in HD pathogenesis and phenotype. (bmj.com)
Regulation3
  • This review will address epigenetic regulation in members of the polyomaviruses, adenoviruses, human papillomaviruses, hepatitis B, and herpes viruses. (mdpi.com)
  • The mechanisms used by certain viruses to dysregulate the host cell through manipulation of epigenetic processes and the role of cellular cofactors such as BRD4 that are known to be involved in epigenetic regulation of host cell pathways will also be covered. (mdpi.com)
  • Next, the expression model, prognostic roles, potential biological functions and epigenetic regulation of tumor suppressor long noncoding RNAs were investigated and validated in the breast cancer and pancancer cohorts. (cancerindex.org)
Chromatin3
  • Chromatin remodeling is important for the epigenetic reprogramming of human primordial germ cells. (nature.com)
  • Although the global and thorough DNA demethylation patterns of human FGCs have been revealed, the accompanying chromatin states in human germline remains unexplored. (nature.com)
  • The study revealed that persistent estrogen-mediated LRES leads to recruitment of H3K27me3 repressive chromatin marks, which are accompanied by accumulation of DNA methylation in a gene cluster located at 16p11.2. (biomedcentral.com)
Biomarkers1
  • In the long-term, identification of biomarkers using an epigenetic approach may help to uncover new tools to genetically characterize different pathways to PTSD and respiratory illness in responders. (cdc.gov)
Chromosome2
  • Recent genome-wide analysis has shown that DNA methylation spans long stretches of chromosome regions consisting of clusters of contiguous CpG islands or gene families. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nowadays, we know that as well as chromosome changes, there are also epigenetic changes in tumours that distinguish them from normal tissue", says Mattias Höglund. (lu.se)
Person's2
  • He found that patterns of methylation could predict a person's age in years, although the estimates differed on average by around five years from each person's chronological age. (technologyreview.com)
  • This was how it was discovered that epigenetic changes take place during a person's lifetime. (lu.se)
Methyl groups1
  • Epigenetic changes, for instance the number and location of methyl groups along a DNA sequence, can be both a cause and a symptom of various types of cancer. (lu.se)
Mechanisms2
  • Nerve injury-induced hyperactivity of primary sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) contributes to chronic pain development, but the underlying epigenetic mechanisms remain poorly understood. (jneurosci.org)
  • SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Epigenetic mechanisms are critically involved in the transition from acute to chronic pain after nerve injury. (jneurosci.org)
Occur2
  • The body responds to the environment in which we live and epigenetic changes occur. (lu.se)
  • What was also discovered was that the body also responds to the environment in which we live - epigenetic changes occur as a result of environmental and lifestyle factors that affect us over a long period of time. (lu.se)
Prognostic1
Diseases such as cancer2
  • Such quantitative approaches are thus able to provide more insights into the role of DNA methylation in the development of various diseases such as cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The research of the past ten years has shown that changes to the epigenetic pattern can play a role in the development of diseases such as cancer and type 2 diabetes. (lu.se)
Protein1
Identical2
  • The first epigenetic aging clock was developed in 2011 when Steve Horvath at the University of California, Los Angeles, volunteered to participate in a study with his identical twin brother, Markus. (technologyreview.com)
  • By studying the twins' DNA over a long period, it was seen that from identical methylation patterns at the age of three, their patterns diverged as they grew older. (lu.se)
Role2
  • Recently, Np95 (also known as UHRF1 or ICBP90) has been found to interact with Dnmt1 and to bind hemimethylated DNA, indicating together with genetic studies a central role in the maintenance of DNA methylation. (cipsm.de)
  • In an effort to further investigate the mechanism responsible in this long-range epigenetic silencing (LRES), our laboratory previously elucidated the role of estrogen in coordinate repression of these gene clusters in breast cancer [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Genetic1
  • All kinds of life experiences, good and bad, from caring mothers to environmental toxins, leave epigenetic imprints that are passed on for generations afterwards (see [2, 3] Caring Mothers Strike Fatal Blow against Genetic Determinism , and Epigenetic Toxicology , SiS 41). (i-sis.org.uk)
Study2
  • 2017. An epigenome-wide DNA methylation study of PTSD and depression in World Trade Center responders . (cdc.gov)
  • The study was looking for epigenetic markers in saliva samples that might explain sexual orientation. (technologyreview.com)
Development1
  • Epigenetic programming of aging, as a continuation of development, creates an interface between the genome and the environment. (karger.com)
Analysis1
  • We conducted an integrative analysis of the multiple-autoimmune disease methylation dataset including GD, RA, SLE, and SSc samples, to identify the common methylation patterns of autoimmune diseases. (frontiersin.org)
Approach2
Specifically1
  • Specifically, we will determine and compare the methylation pattern of the peripheral blood DNA of patients with WTC-PTSD and patients who never developed PTSD. (cdc.gov)
Profiles1
Sites1
Found2
  • Subsequently, they found that insecticides DDT and permethrin, jet fuel, plastic additives phthalates and bisphenol A, and dioxin can all trigger trans-generational health effects in rats such as obesity and ovarian disease, and each resulted in a different pattern of methylation in sperm DNA, according to Skinner. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Furthermore, we found that DNA methylation is an important epigenetic regulator contributing to gene repression of MT1 gene cluster in both ERα positive (ERα+) and ERα negative (ERα−) breast tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell2
  • Horvath built the clock using methylation data from 8,000 samples representing 51 body tissues and cell types. (technologyreview.com)
  • Further investigation of these clusters revealed that estrogen mediates epigenetic repression of MT1 cluster in ERα + breast cancer cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
Treat1
  • These findings extend our understanding of the epigenetic mechanism of chronic neuropathic pain and suggest new strategies to treat nerve injury-induced chronic pain. (jneurosci.org)
Weeks1
Increasing DNA methylation1