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MitosisSerineMethylationPhosphorylationMolecular Sequence DataAmino Acid SequenceDNA MethylationPhosphoserineCell LineProtein-Serine-Threonine KinasesProtein KinasesCpG IslandsMutationBinding SitesMutagenesis, Site-DirectedProtein BindingBase SequenceTyrosinePhosphoproteinsThreonineEnzyme ActivationKineticsProtein Structure, TertiarySerine EndopeptidasesRecombinant ProteinsPeptide MappingSequence Homology, Amino AcidSubstrate SpecificityPromoter Regions, GeneticPhosphopeptidesHeLa CellsEpigenesis, GeneticCells, CulturedProtein Processing, Post-TranslationalHistonesProtein Kinase CCell Cycle ProteinsTransfectionCDC2 Protein KinaseModels, MolecularDNA-Binding ProteinsProtein-Tyrosine KinasesAmino Acid SubstitutionRecombinant Fusion ProteinsCasein Kinase IINuclear ProteinsCyclic AMP-Dependent Protein KinasesEnzyme InhibitorsBlotting, WesternSignal TransductionDNACell CycleCell Line, TumorPeptide FragmentsDNA (Cytosine-5-)-MethyltransferaseElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelOxidative PhosphorylationProtein ConformationCloning, MolecularCell NucleusPhosphoprotein PhosphatasesPhosphothreonineCOS CellsStructure-Activity RelationshipLysineProteinsGene SilencingSulfitesPhosphotyrosineSequence AlignmentTranscription, GeneticSpindle ApparatusTranscription FactorsPrecipitin TestsProto-Oncogene ProteinsAmino AcidsModels, BiologicalCarrier ProteinsDNA PrimersAmino Acid MotifsEscherichia coliGene Expression RegulationMolecular WeightCytosineMembrane ProteinsMethyltransferasesAzacitidineImmunoblottingImmunoprecipitationPeptidesCalcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein KinasesProto-Oncogene Proteins c-aktIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsTumor Cells, CulturedMitogen-Activated Protein KinasesCysteineProtein TransportTime FactorsPhosphoamino AcidsCattle

Threonine kinaseMicrotubuleKinaseProteinAcetylationProteinsHistone modificationsReceptorLysineEpigeneticTranscriptionEnzymeReversibleMethylatesUbiquitinationMitotic spindleFunctionallyGeneCatalyticEndogenousHeterodimerActivationMutationsRegulatoryRoleTransitionCell-cycleRegionSiteStatusSystemBlocksControl

Threonine kinase2

• The protein encoded by this gene is a putative serine/threonine kinase that localizes to the mitotic apparatus and complexes with cell cycle controller CDC2 kinase in early mitosis. (cancerindex.org)
• Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β) signals through a serine/threonine-kinase receptor pathway. (janechin.net)

Microtubule2

• it appears to be involved in mitosis, microtubule dynamics, and proper chromosomal segregation ( 12 ). (amegroups.org)
• Classic anti-cancer strategies aimed at actively killing cancer cells include alkylating agents that generate crosslinks in DNA and trigger repair mechanisms to induce apoptosis, antimetabolites that severely disrupt nucleic acid synthesis, and alkaloids that interfere with microtubule polymerization/depolymerization and halt mitosis 2 . (cancerbiomed.org)

Kinase6

• This has led to the development of a range of ERK1/2 inhibitors (ERKi) that either inhibit kinase catalytic activity (catERKi) or additionally prevent the activating pT-E-pY dual phosphorylation of ERK1/2 by MEK1/2 (dual-mechanism or dmERKi). (babraham.ac.uk)
• Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) is a lipid-droplet-associated protein that coordinates intracellular lipolysis in highly oxidative tissues and is thought to regulate lipid metabolism in response to phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). (uci.edu)
• Inhibition of DNA-PKcs activity via a small interfering RNA or a kinase inhibitor results in mitosis delay, abnormal spindle formation, and chromosome misalignment. (amegroups.org)
• In Drosophila phosphorylation of histone H3S10 in euchromatic chromatin regions by the JIL-1 tandem kinase has been implicated in counteracting heterochromatization and gene silencing. (silverchair.com)
• This effect was absent when a `kinase dead' LacI-JIL-1 construct without histone H3S10 phosphorylation activity was expressed. (silverchair.com)
• Instead, the `kinase dead' construct had a dominant-negative effect, leading to a disruption of chromatin structure that was associated with a global repression of histone H3S10 phosphorylation levels. (silverchair.com)

Protein9

• RelA mono-methylation at lysine 310 (RelAK310me1) leads to the constitutive repression of RelA target genes by recruiting the PKMT G9a-like protein (GLP), which catalyzes H3K9me2 and leads to chromatin silencing and gene repression. (wikipedia.org)
• Although viewed as a constitutive housekeeping enzyme in the past, PP2A is a highly regulated phosphatase and is emerging as an important regulator of multiple cellular processes involving protein phosphorylation. (ac.be)
• 1 Reversible protein phosphorylation is an important regulatory mechanism that controls the activities of a myriad of proteins and is thus involved in virtually every major physiological process. (ac.be)
• But advances in the understanding of protein phosphatases make now clear that these enzymes are precisely regulated and are as important as kinases in the regulation of cellular processes involving protein phosphorylation. (ac.be)
• FLIM-FRET analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that PLIN5 S155 phosphorylation regulates PLIN5 interaction with adipose triglyceride lipase at the lipid droplet, but not with α-β hydrolase domain-containing 5. (uci.edu)
• The protein is phosphorylated in a cell-cycle dependent manner, with late prophase phosphorylation remaining through metaphase. (cancerindex.org)
• Each stage of the cell cycle is profiled by distinct protein complexes and phosphorylation events. (janechin.net)
• Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is highly conserved and is the predominant serine/threonine phosphatase in the nervous system, constituting more than 70% of all neuronal phosphatases. (cancerbiomed.org)
• PP2A, a serine/threonine phosphatase composed of 3 distinct subunits-65-kDa PP2A-A (scaffold subunit), 55-kDa PP2A-B (regulatory subunit), and 37-kDa PP2A-C (catalytic subunit)-constitutes 0.2%-1.0% of the total protein content in mammalian cells and has been implicated in the regulation of diverse cellular processes, including signal transduction, cell cycle progression, DNA replication, gene transcription, and protein translation 5 - 8 . (cancerbiomed.org)

Acetylation1

• 2 In addition to the well-established epigenetic role of DNA methylation, this definition includes a variety of more transient histone modifications such as acetylation, methylation, or phosphorylation that underlie epigenetic effects, and that will be discussed in this chapter along with the influence of SUMOylation, ubiquitination, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ribosylation, and microRNA. (musculoskeletalkey.com)

Proteins5

• 4 While proteins can be phosphorylated on nine amino acids, serine, threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation are by far the most predominant in eukaryotic cells. (ac.be)
• The TP53 role anything, which is as heterodimerization of the RUNX1: loop repeat, was identified to directly eventually heat Phosphorylation of several proteins that are diseases of intellectual stages. (erik-mill.de)
• Genetic studies have clarified that most microcephaly genes encode ubiquitous proteins involved in mitosis and in maintenance of genomic stability, but the effects of their inactivation are particularly strong in neural progenitors. (cancerindex.org)
• Thus, the dephosphorylation of target proteins by PP4 is equally important in DDR as much as phosphorylation by kinases. (molcells.org)
• The mammalian genome comprises nuclear DNA (nDNA) derived from both parents and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that is maternally inherited and encodes essential proteins required for oxidative phosphorylation. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Histone modifications1

• DNA methylation and histone modifications play a central role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and cell differentiation. (cipsm.de)

Receptor1

• The TSEN placement Typically triggers 5' and 3' to the home', proliferating a downstream' vascular maturation on the 5' T and a 5' receptor nucleus on the 3' mitosis. (evakoch.com)

Lysine1

• Depletion of SETD6, as well as the double substitution of the lysine residues (K209/413R), leads to elevation in PLK1 catalytic activity, leading to the acceleration of the different mitotic steps, ending with early cytokinesis. (wikipedia.org)

Epigenetic1

• These findings provide direct evidence that the epigenetic histone tail modification of H3S10 phosphorylation at interphase can function as a causative regulator of higher-order chromatin structure in Drosophila in vivo. (silverchair.com)

Transcription3

• In response to stimulation with TNFa and lipopolysaccharide, phosphorylation of RelA at serine 311 (RelAS311ph) by PKCzeta physically blocks the interaction between GLP and RelAK310me1, leading to transcription activation. (wikipedia.org)
• The RUNX1: heterodimer carrier represses thus inhibited in IL1 phosphorylation of transcription classical kinases, including GPAM, KCTD6 and AXIN1( Stender et al. (erik-mill.de)
• Thus H3K9 methylation at the promoter region silences transcription, but within the coding region, H3K9 methylation was found to be associated with actively transcribed genes. (musculoskeletalkey.com)

Enzyme1

• Bien que considérée dans le passé comme une enzyme constitutive non spécifique, PP2A est une phosphatase soumise à une régulation précise et qui est importante dans le contrôle des fonctions cellulaires impliquant la phosphorylation. (ac.be)

Reversible1

• Co-transcriptional pre-mRNA processing relies on reversible phosphorylation of the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of Rpb1, the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II). (cipsm.de)

Methylates1

• SETD6 specifically binds and methylates PLK1 during mitosis at K209 and K413. (wikipedia.org)

Ubiquitination1

• These two levels serve degraded by a phosphorylation including at least 6 membranes in a such tail that both leaves the 2' disorder ubiquitination and adducts the 3' heart to the 5' cell. (evakoch.com)

Mitotic spindle2

• The centrosome duplicates and, during mitosis, separates to form the two poles of the mitotic spindle (MITOTIC SPINDLE APPARATUS). (lookformedical.com)
• DNA-PKcs activation, as monitored by DNA-PKcs phosphorylation, is physically and functionally associated with mitotic spindle formation. (amegroups.org)

Functionally1

• We detected phosphorylation on S155 and identified S155 as a functionally important site for lipid metabolism. (uci.edu)

Gene1

• DNA methylation patterns change dynamically during mammalian development and lineage specification, yet scarce information is available about how DNA methylation affects gene expression profiles upon differentiation. (cipsm.de)

Catalytic1

• C) Crystal structure of PP5 bound to LB100, showing LB100 coordinating with metal ions and key residues at the PP5 catalytic site (PDB 5WG8) 11 . (cancerbiomed.org)

Endogenous1

• Phospho-Tau (Ser396) Antibody detects endogenous levels of Tau only when phosphorylated at Serine 396. (affbiotech.com)

Heterodimer1

• In response to DSB formation, DNA-PKcs is recruited to DSBs by the DNA end-binding Ku70/80 heterodimer and is rapidly phosphorylated at multiple serine and threonine residues ( 1 , 2 ). (amegroups.org)

Activation3

• PAK4 Methylation by SETD6 Promotes the Activation of the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. (wikipedia.org)
• PKB activation involves phosphorylation of two amino acid residues, Ser473 and Thr308. (justia.com)
• DNA-PKcs phosphorylation at Ser2056, on the other hand, is primarily mediated by autophosphorylation, making it an excellent marker to monitor DNA-PKcs activation in vivo ( 11 ). (amegroups.org)

Mutations1

• underlying on the sequence today of the complex, about glycolysis of the directly 400 use insertions are ligated and these are the mutations impaired of skeletal eIF5B: transmembrane phosphorylation and described educators. (erik-mill.de)

Regulatory1

• This phosphorylation is regulated by the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and the Rad3-related (ATR) kinases in response to various genotoxic stresses, making it a critical regulatory element of DNA-PKcs ( 6 , 10 ). (amegroups.org)

Role1

• Recently, Np95 (also known as UHRF1 or ICBP90) has been found to interact with Dnmt1 and to bind hemimethylated DNA, indicating together with genetic studies a central role in the maintenance of DNA methylation. (cipsm.de)

Transition1

• The RUNX1: phosphorylation myometrium can be with the crotonyl-CoA cytoplasm transition 1( PRC1). (erik-mill.de)

Cell-cycle1

• Stages of the cell cycle are G1 (Gap 1), S (Synthesis), G2, M (Mitosis), and G0 (quiescence), with mitosis as the shortest and most visually dramatic process of the cycle after which two daughter cells result, Figure 1-1. (janechin.net)

Region2

• In vivo , DNA-PKcs phosphorylation has been examined at the Thr2609 cluster region and Ser2056. (amegroups.org)
• DNA-PKcs phosphorylation at the Thr2609 cluster region is particularly significant since it is critical for DSB repair and radioresistance ( 6 - 9 ). (amegroups.org)

Site1

• Anterograde IFT remains records from the normal amino along the water to the clear subunits in a polymerase that depends the adhesion was kinesin KIF3 palmitoylation tyrosine and the IFT-B degree branching, while major endoderm frequently to the first shape is on the ability flipped translation residue and the IFT-A site. (evakoch.com)

Status1

• PP4IP-knockout cells were generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, and the phosphorylation status of PP4 substrates (H2AX, KAP1, and RPA2) was analyzed. (molcells.org)

System1

• Here we show, using a LacI-tethering system, that JIL-1 mediated ectopic histone H3S10 phosphorylation is sufficient to induce a change in higher-order chromatin structure from a condensed heterochromatin-like state to a more open euchromatic state. (silverchair.com)

Blocks1

• However, MEKi pre-treatment, which blocks ERK2 pT-E-pY phosphorylation and dissociation from MEK1/2, prevents ERK2 turnover. (babraham.ac.uk)

Control1

• Perilipin 5 S155 phosphorylation by PKA is required for the control of hepatic lipid metabolism and glycemic control. (uci.edu)