They can be categorized into six major subclasses, which display diverse properties affecting the two best characterized epigenetic mechanisms: modulation of the DNA methylation status and histone acetylation. (biomedcentral.com)
Additionally, an altered histone acetylation status can modulate activation or silencing of tumour suppressor genes [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The most common epigenetic modifications (Fig. 1 ) are changes in the DNA methylation pattern, posttranslational histone modifications, and variations in the expression of non-coding microRNA (miRNA). (biomedcentral.com)
We examined the evidence supporting the roles of the three major epigenetic mechanisms-DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNA (miRNA) expression-in arsenic toxicity and, in particular, carcinogenicity. (nih.gov)
and miRNA expression, in studies analyzing mainly a limited number of epigenetic end points. (nih.gov)
Two of the most characterized epigenetic modifications are DNA methylation and histone modification. (wikipedia.org)
Epigenetic modifications play an important role in gene expression and regulation, and are involved in numerous cellular processes such as in differentiation/development and tumorigenesis. (wikipedia.org)
Genomic modifications that alter gene expression that cannot be attributed to modification of the primary DNA sequence and that are heritable mitotically and meiotically are classified as epigenetic modifications. (wikipedia.org)
DNA methylation and histone modification are among the best characterized epigenetic processes. (wikipedia.org)
Consequently, several epigenetic studies have been conducted to determine if and how genes are activated or inactivated in response to a diverse range of environmental migraine triggers. (lidsen.com)
One of the most studied mechanisms, DNA methylation within the human methylome, may provide a potential epigenetic signature for migraine. (lidsen.com)
Accumulating evidence from studies on DNA methylation and histone modification that affect chromatin structure, as well as on the role of microRNAs in regulating mRNA levels supports the contribution of epigenetic mechanisms to the development of FASD. (nih.gov)
Epigenetic changes are heritable modifications affecting gene expression without causing alterations in the nucleotide sequence itself [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Lysine2
Probe Set ID Ref Seq Protein ID Signal Strength Name Gene Symbol Species Function Swiss-Prot ID Amino Acid Sequence 1367452_at NP_598278 7.9 small ubiquitin-related modifier 2 precursor Sumo2 Rattus norvegicus " Ubiquitin-like protein that can be covalently attached to proteins as a monomer or as a lysine-linked polymer. (nih.gov)
This post-translational modification on lysine residues of proteins plays a crucial role in a number of cellular processes such as nuclear transport, DNA replication and repair, mitosis and signal transduction. (nih.gov)
Tumor4
In biochemical experiments, we show here that the NSD1 mutations Y1971C, R2017Q, and R2017L observed mostly in solid cancers are catalytically inactive suggesting that NSD1 acts as a tumor suppressor gene in these tumors. (bvsalud.org)
Methods: Online public-platform literature on the relationships between DLAT expression levels and tumor prognosis, methylation status, genetic alteration, drug sensitivity, and immune infiltration has been reviewed. (bvsalud.org)
The literature includes such documents as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Human Protein Atlas (HPA), Tumor Immune Estimation Resource 2.0 (TIMER2.0), Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 (GEPIA2) and Receiver Operating Characteristic plotter (ROC plotter). (bvsalud.org)
These results suggest that MC delivery via microvesicles can mediate gene transfer to an extent that enables effective prodrug conversion and tumor cell death such that it comprises a promising approach to cancer therapy. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Heritable3
For example, in a study of Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, it was demonstrated that stable features of differentiation remain after the nucleus is transferred to a new cellular environment, suggesting that a stable and heritable mechanism of gene regulation was involved in the maintenance of the differentiated state in the absence of the DNA binding transcription factors. (wikipedia.org)
With the finding that DNA methylation and histone modifications are stable, heritable, and also reversible processes that influence gene expression without altering DNA primary structure, a mechanism for the observed variability in cell gene expression was provided. (wikipedia.org)
While DNA methylation is stable and heritable, it can be reversed by an antagonistic group of enzymes known as DNA de-methylases. (wikipedia.org)
Proteins1
For instance, DNA hypermethylation of promoter regions can cause binding of methyl DNA binding proteins, essential for gene inactivation (mainly of tumour suppressor genes), and global DNA hypomethylation is associated with chromosomal instability [ 5 - 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Mechanisms2
Background: Studies have shown that the expressions and working mechanisms of Dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (DLAT) in different cancers vary. (bvsalud.org)
The molecular mechanisms of DLAT were explored with the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). (bvsalud.org)
Organism2
DNA methylation patterns vary greatly between species and even within the same organism. (wikipedia.org)
Even though the cells of an organism share the same set of genes, they are differentiated into diverse types of cells and tissues individually characterized by their own biochemical capabilities, (functional) morphology, and gene expression profile. (biomedcentral.com)
Sensitivity1
Developmental and gender related psychosocial differences in pain sensitivity, vulnerability, pain experiences, expressions, and treatment disparity and efficacy. (nih.gov)
Research has shown that cells are capable of regulating gene expression at several stages: mRNA transcription, processing and transportation as well as in protein translation, post-translational processing and degradation. (wikipedia.org)
[ 5 ] While cell cycle arrest depends on the ability of p53 to induce the transcription of target genes such as the CDK inhibitor p21 WAF1/CIP1 , apoptosis depends on induction of a distinct class of target genes including bax , puma , perp and many others. (medscape.com)
Regulation2
A more likely source of cellular plasticity is through the Regulation of gene expression, such that while two cells may have near identical DNA, the differential expression of certain genes results in variation. (wikipedia.org)
Bioinformatic analyses of published data suggested that the generation of H3K36me3 by NSD2 T1150A could alter gene regulation by antagonizing H3K27me3 finally leading to the upregulation of oncogenes. (bvsalud.org)
Roles1
It is necessary to analyze the expressions and regulatory roles of DLAT in tumors systematically. (bvsalud.org)
Essential1
[ 5 , 116 ] There is a great deal of evidence that several EBV-encoded essential gene products can efficiently suppress apoptosis. (medscape.com)
Cells3
[ 5 ] The p53 gene is mutated or deleted in half of all malignant tumors and the other half of human cancers express wild-type p53 protein, which is competent to induce apoptosis in malignant cells after genotoxic stress, thus offering a potential therapeutic opportunity applicable to a wide range of human tumors expressing wild-type p53. (medscape.com)
We demonstrated that MCs can be loaded into shed microvesicles with greater efficiency than their parental plasmid counterparts and that microvesicle-mediated MC delivery led to significantly higher and more prolonged transgene expression in recipient cells than microvesicles loaded with the parental plasmid. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Microvesicles loaded with MCs encoding a thymidine kinase (TK)/nitroreductase (NTR) fusion protein produced prolonged TK-NTR expression in mammary carcinoma cells. (regenerativemedicine.net)