Methohexital and propofol. Medical search. Frequent questions

In an oral surgeon's office, general anesthesia for wisdom teeth extraction typically includes intravenous sedation with several drugs: a benzodiazepine such as midazolam, a narcotic such as fentanyl or Demerol, and a hypnotic drug such as propofol, ketamine, and/or methohexital. (theanesthesiaconsultant.com)

Can RN's give Propofol/Ketamine? (ivsedationcertification.com)

Site-directed mutagenesis of the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA A ) receptor β 2 subunit has demonstrated that conversion of a conserved glycine residue located at the entrance to the first transmembrane domain into the homologous ρ 1 residue phenylalanine alters the modulating effects of four different i.v. anesthetics: pentobarbital, alphaxalone, etomidate, and propofol. (aspetjournals.org)
The α 1 β 2 (G219F)γ 2 receptors also were more sensitive to direct channel activation by pentobarbital and propofol in the absence of GABA. (aspetjournals.org)

All patients received 1.5 μg/kg fentanyl, oxygen, followed by either 5 mg/kg thiopental or thiamylal, 1.75 mg/kg methohexital or 2.5 mg/kg propofol, 1.5 mg/kg succinylcholine, tracheal intubation, and inhalational anesthesia. (johnshopkins.edu)

PROPOFOL (2,6-diisopropylphenol) is a chemically distinct intravenous anesthetic agent. (silverchair.com)
While usually administered with inhalational agents, general anesthesia can be achieved with intravenous agents, such as propofol . (wikidoc.org)

Furthermore, GABA A receptors containing the α 1 (G223F) point mutation also significantly decreased the maximal effect of etomidate- and propofol-induced enhancement of ligand binding. (aspetjournals.org)

The effect of propofol on endothelin-1 binding to its receptor was determined by an [125I] endothelin-1-binding assay. (silverchair.com)

Propofol for emergency department procedural sedation and analgesia: a tale of three centers. (wikem.org)

In addition, endoscopic physicians are preferring to use hypnotic agents such as propofol, for quick recovery and discharge to reduce heath care cost. (capnography.com)

The endothelin-1-stimulated formation of inositol phosphates was significantly suppressed by propofol. (silverchair.com)
At the same time, propofol significantly inhibited proliferation and activated cell cycle. (bvsalud.org)

Conclusions: This study suggests that propofol should be considered for induction of anesthesia in patients, particularly those with asthma, who require timely intubation. (johnshopkins.edu)

METHODS: Fortyfive neonatal (7 days old) SD rats were randomized into 3 groups (n=15) for a single intraperitoneal injection of saline (control), long chain fat emulsion, or propofol (50 mg/kg). (bvsalud.org)

For the ECT itself, they used a different anaesthetic (methohexital) than what I've always had before (propofol), and I woke up afterwards feeling totally freaked out and couldn't stop crying. (mentalhealthathome.org)
We also found that the anaesthetic drug propofol has anti-tumour properties. (bvsalud.org)

It is usually used to maintain a state of general anesthesia that has been induced by another drug, such as thiopentone or propofol . (mdwiki.org)

However, the exact mechanism underlying the vascular effects of propofol has not yet been elucidated. (silverchair.com)
OBJECTIVE: To explore the molecular mechanism of propofol-induced apoptosis in oligodendrocytes. (bvsalud.org)

METHODS: A total of 180 zebrafish embryos at 6-48 h post-fertilization were randomly allocated into 3 equal groups and raised in fresh water (control group), water containing dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO group) and water containing 30 µg/mL propofol (propofol group). (bvsalud.org)
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Stimulation with propofol and its effects on the expression of NFATc2, Sp1 and cFos were assessed by immunoblot. (bvsalud.org)

The effect of propofol on the endothelin-1-induced Ca2+ influx into A10 cells was evaluated by measuring intracellular 45Ca2+. (silverchair.com)
However, propofol had no effect on the formation of inositol phosphates induced by NaF, an activator of heterotrimeric guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins. (silverchair.com)
Propofol had no effect on the binding of endothelin-1 to its receptor. (silverchair.com)
The inhibitory effect of propofol might be exerted at a point between the endothelin-1 receptor and its GTP-binding protein. (silverchair.com)
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of propofol on the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) in developing zebrafish and explore the possible mechanisms. (bvsalud.org)
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of propofol on the expression of the transcription factors NFATc2, Sp1 and cFos in the pancreatic cancer cell lines PaTu 8988t and PANC-1 and to analyse the relevance of this effect for the cells. (bvsalud.org)

These results suggest that propofol inhibits endothelin-1-induced intracellular signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells. (silverchair.com)

The effects of propofol on endothelin-1-induced intracellular signaling in an aortic smooth muscle cell line, A10 cells, were examined. (silverchair.com)
The effects of propofol on the endothelin-1-induced activation of phosphatidylinositol-hydrolyzing phospholipase C and phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D were evaluated by measuring the formation of inositol phosphates and choline, respectively. (silverchair.com)
[1-6] The depressor effects of propofol have been ascribed to a decrease in systemic vascular resistance, cardiac output, or both in humans. (silverchair.com)
These effects were potentiated by simultaneous stimulation with propofol and transient inhibition of cFos, further inhibiting cell proliferation. (bvsalud.org)

Interestingly, the cell cycle activation observed after stimulation with propofol alone was reversed in both cell lines. (bvsalud.org)

Cultured A10 cells were pretreated with propofol for 20 min and then stimulated with endothelin-1. (silverchair.com)

Results: Both asthmatic and nonasthmatic patients who received a thiobarbiturate for induction had a greater incidence of wheezing than did patients receiving propofol. (johnshopkins.edu)
In asthmatic patients, 45% (23, 67) (mean and 95% confidence interval) who received a thiobarbiturate, 26% (8, 44) who received an oxybarbiturate, and none (0, 17) who received propofol wheezed after intubation. (johnshopkins.edu)
In nonasthmatic patients, 16% (3, 28) who received thiobarbiturate and 3% (0, 9) who received propofol wheezed. (johnshopkins.edu)
Methohexital differs from other barbiturates in regard to epileptiform activity in that it may induce seizures in patients who have epilepsy and thus increase CMRo 2 and CBF. (neuro-anesthesia.org)

RESULTS: Propofol regulated the expression of NFATc2, Sp1 and cFos. (bvsalud.org)

Two additional agents (barbiturates), methohexital and thiopental, are less commonly used. (pedisafe.org)
Thiopental and methohexital undergo hepatic metabolism, mostly by oxidation but also by N -dealkylation, desulfuration, and destruction of the barbituric acid ring structure. (brainkart.com)
Methohexital has a shorter elimination half-time than thiopental due to its larger plasma clearance (Table 25-2), leading to a faster and more complete recovery after bolus injection. (brainkart.com)
Barbiturates are respiratory depressants, and a usual induction dose of thiopental or methohexital typically produces transient apnea, which will be more pronounced if other respiratory depressants are also administered. (brainkart.com)

5. Blood loss during endoscopic sinus surgery with propofol or sevoflurane: a randomized clinical trial. (nih.gov)
We investigated changes in social and anxiety-related brain functional connectivity induced by sleep deprivation, and the potential therapeutic effects of the general anaesthetics propofol and sevoflurane in rats. (bvsalud.org)
They were free from sleep deprivation for the remaining 4 h during which they received propofol (40 mg kg-1 i.p.) or sevoflurane (2% for 2 h) per day or no treatment. (bvsalud.org)

9. Propofol versus isoflurane for endoscopic sinus surgery. (nih.gov)
This study aimed to compare the efficacy of isoflurane-remifentanil (I-R) versus propofol-remifentanil (P-R) to induce controlled hypotension and to assess surgeon satisfaction with each of these combinations during rhinoplasty. (bvsalud.org)

Except for methohexital, barbiturates decrease electrical activity on the EEG and can be used as anticonvulsants. (brainkart.com)
Suppression of laryngeal reflexes and cough reflexes is probably not as profound as after an equianesthetic propofol administration, which makes barbiturates an inferior choice for airway instrumentation in the absence of neuromuscular blocking drugs. (brainkart.com)

7 Propofol in lipid emulsion was subsequently launched in the United Kingdom and New Zealand in 1986 and in the United States in November 1989. (asahq.org)

Propofol is a potent lipophilic anesthetic that was initially formulated in Cremophor El for human use. (asahq.org)
16,17 The fact that propofol is an excellent anesthetic and sedative but is not supplied in what can be considered an ideal vehicle has spawned efforts to find improved formulations for this compound. (asahq.org)

Although thio-pental is metabolized more slowly and has a long elimination half-time, recovery after a single bolus injection is comparable to that of methohexital and propofol because it depends on redistri-bution to inactive tissue sites rather than on metabolism (Figure 25-7). (brainkart.com)

Lidocaine is more efficient than the choice of propofol formulations to reduce incidence of pain on induction. (nih.gov)
Despite the success of propofol emulsions, drawbacks to such formulations include inherent emulsion instability, injection pain, a need for antimicrobial agents to prevent sepsis, and a concern of hyperlipidemia-related side effects. (asahq.org)
Efforts to overcome such drawbacks have involved the development of propofol emulsions with altered propofol and lipid contents, the addition of different excipients to emulsions for antimicrobial activity, and study of nonemulsion formulations including propofol-cyclodextrin and propofol-polymeric micelle formulations. (asahq.org)
Despite the market success of propofol emulsions, there continue to be drawbacks associated with the current formulations. (asahq.org)
The objective of this review is to provide a background on propofol formulations, highlight clinical implications of each, and discuss newer efforts to reformulate propofol. (asahq.org)

2014) Electroconvulsive therapy pre-treatment with low dose propofol: comparison with unmodified treatment . (fescenter.org)
In older dogs, the dose of propofol can be adjusted based on their elapsed life expectancy. (bvsalud.org)

Propofol (diprivan): clinical and pharmacological characteristics and use in pediatric anesthesiology]. (nih.gov)

In contrast, methohexital activates epileptic foci and may therefore be useful to facilitate electroconvulsive therapy or during the identification of epileptic foci during surgery. (brainkart.com)

The beta-1 stereoisomer form of methohexital produces excessive motor responses. (mhmedical.com)

6 Propofol in an oil-in-water or lipid-based emulsion was evaluated in clinical trials in Europe in 1983 and in the United States in 1984. (asahq.org)

Comparison of methohexital and propofol use in ambulatory procedures in oral and maxillofacial surgery. (nih.gov)

however, these barbiturate hypnotics have been largely replaced as induction agents by propofol. (brainkart.com)

The presence of oxygen in the pyrimidine nucleus at carbon 2 position makes the drug an oxybarbiturate (eg, methohexital). (mhmedical.com)

Thiobarbiturates have about 2 weeks' stability in solution, whereas methohexital has 6 weeks. (mhmedical.com)

Propofol infusion syndrome: a structured literature review and analysis of published case reports. (nih.gov)

Chemicals and Drugs13

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment9

Phenomena and Processes1

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science2

Health Care1

Midazolam1

Ketamine1

Pentobarbital2

Fentanyl1

Intravenous2

Etomidate1

Assay1

Sedation1

Hypnotic1

Significantly2

Conclusions1

Injection1

Anaesthetic2

Anesthesia1

Mechanism2

Methods2

Effect6

Results suggest1

Effects4

Activation1

Cells1

Patients4

Expression1

Thiopental4

Sevoflurane3

Isoflurane2

Barbiturates2

Lipid emulsion1

Anesthetic2

Metabolism1

Formulations5

Dose2

Anesthesiology1

Contrast1

Produces1

Clinical1

Comparison1

Agents1

Drug1

Weeks1

Review1