Wakefulness-Promoting AgentsMethadoneReceptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2FenofibratePPAR alphaBezafibrateSubstance Withdrawal SyndromeReceptors, Cytoplasmic and NuclearNarcoticsHypolipidemic AgentsPeroxisome ProliferatorsOpiate Substitution TreatmentOpioid-Related DisordersHeroin DependencePyrimidinesPropionatesTranscription FactorsMethadyl AcetateBuprenorphineAnalgesics, OpioidNeonatal Abstinence SyndromeLiverHeroinRNA, MessengerCells, CulturedDose-Response Relationship, DrugDopamine AgonistsAlcohol Withdrawal DeliriumNaloxoneMorphineAlcohol Withdrawal Seizuresalpha 1-AntitrypsinPyrrolidinesReceptors, Adrenergic, alphaNicotinic AgonistsSubstance Abuse DetectionRats, Sprague-DawleyGABA AgonistsReceptors, Opioid, muNarcotic AntagonistsTime FactorsAdrenergic alpha-AgonistsMorphine DependenceHypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha SubunitAdrenergic alpha-2 Receptor AgonistsDrug InteractionsDrug OverdoseCocaine-Related DisordersDextropropoxypheneSubstance-Related DisordersPurinergic P1 Receptor AgonistsCocaineClonidineStereoisomerismStreet DrugsMuscarinic AgonistsSubstance Abuse, IntravenousOpiumAdrenergic Agonists