Metastatic tumors immunogenic cancer antigens antigen of tumor. Medical search. Frequent questions

Abscopal effects of ionizing radiation are often blocked by the immunosuppressive microenvironment inside the irradiated tumor which prevents effective T cell priming. (wikipedia.org)
While many successful immunotherapeutic regimens have relied on checkpoint inhibition, other immunotherapeutic approaches, such as adoptive cellular therapies (ACT), the use of bispecific antibodies, and targeting components of the tumor microenvironment, are showing promise in a variety of cancer types. (aacr.org)
This is due to the fact that even once tumor-antigen specific T cells are generated via vaccination, these T cells might not be effective in clearing the tumor because of the multiple inhibitor-mechanisms that are present in the tumor microenvironment. (cancernetwork.com)
However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) imposes different mechanisms that facilitate the impairment of DC functions, such as inefficient antigen presentation or polarization into immunosuppressive DCs. (mdpi.com)
In particular, Guadecitabine greatly enhanced the efficacy of combined ICBs by increasing effector memory CD8+ T cells, inducing effector NK cells in the spleen and reducing tumor infiltrating regulatory T cells and myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC), in the tumor microenvironment (TME). (biomedcentral.com)
To achieve tumor activation, a portion of a target tumor is lysed to generate immunogenic cell death and the release of Damage Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) and tumor antigens, changing the tumor microenvironment by creating an in situ vaccine. (renmab.com)
The immune tumor microenvironment (TME) is a unique aspect of the response to immuno-oncology agents and measurement of single biomarkers does not adequately capture these complex interactions. (aacrjournals.org)
However, given that only a small number of patients respond to immune checkpoint blockade and other immunotherapy strategies, more new technologies are needed to decipher the tumor cells and tumor immune microenvironment ( TME). (medicaltrend.org)
Various cells and components near the tumor, such as immune infiltrating cells, blood vessels, and extracellular matrix, are also called tumor immune microenvironment , which has become one of the most popular research topics in oncology. (medicaltrend.org)
MDSCs and M2 macrophages) and increased the population of CD8 + T cells and monocytes within the tumor microenvironment (TME). (acir.org)
Local administration or OV mediated-expression of ligands for Toll-like receptors can rescue the function of tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells inhibited by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and thus enhances the antitumor effect. (biomedcentral.com)

Various studies in animal models of melanoma, mammary, and colorectal tumors have substantiated this hypothesis. (wikipedia.org)
Whereas these reports were extremely rare throughout the 20th century, the clinical use of immune checkpoint blocking antibodies such as ipilimumab or pembrolizumab has greatly increased the number of abscopally responding patients in selected groups of patients such as those with metastatic melanoma or lymphoma. (wikipedia.org)
Rosenberg spoke of the benefit of TIL therapy in patients with metastatic melanoma. (aacr.org)
Background Melanoma is the most lethal form of skin cancer in humans. (bmj.com)
Conclusions HuDo-CSPG4 adjuvant vaccination was safe and immunogenic in dogs with oral melanoma, with potential beneficial effects on the course of the disease. (bmj.com)
Thanks to the power of naturally occurring canine tumors as predictive models for cancer immunotherapy response, these data may represent a basis for the translation of this approach to the treatment of human patients with CSPG4-positive melanoma subtypes. (bmj.com)
Melanoma in humans is the sixth most common cancer in the world, and its incidence has increased over the past 50 years. (bmj.com)
Molecular imaging with the PET probe 18 F-FLT allows mapping and noninvasive imaging of cell proliferation in secondary lymphoid organs after CTLA4 blockade in patients with metastatic melanoma. (snmjournals.org)
The emerging clinical data suggest that a subset of patients with metastatic melanoma treated with CTLA4-blocking antibodies, in the range of 5%−15%, achieve durable objective tumor responses. (snmjournals.org)
Despite occasional cases of expansion of melanoma-specific T cells ( 14 , 15 ), the bulk of the data suggest that there is no detectable expansion of tumor antigen-specific lymphocytes, in particular when focusing on CD8+ T-cell responses. (snmjournals.org)
The combination of Programmed Cell Death 1 (PD-1) and Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4) blockade has dramatically improved the overall survival rate for malignant melanoma. (biomedcentral.com)
Indeed, this treatment has been approved for unresectable or metastatic melanoma. (biomedcentral.com)
The use of cell therapies, drivers of immune response, and trends in immunotherapy were the focus of the Immunotherapy Bridge (November 30th-December 1st, 2022), organized by the Fondazione Melanoma Onlus, Naples, Italy, in collaboration with the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
In metastatic melanoma patients increased peripheral ICOS + CD4 + T cells correlated with improved survival. (acir.org)
In a phase I/II trial in patients with metastatic melanoma, direct intra-dermal injection of mRNA coding for relevant tumor-associated antigens was well tolerated and influenced the frequency of vaccine-antigen directed CD4 and CD8 T cells as well as regulatory T cells (T Regs). (biomedcentral.com)
Immune signatures from a cohort of patients with melanoma who had tumor biopsies taken at baseline and at 6 weeks after initiation of anti-CTLA-4 were compared with the same gene expression panel used above between responders and non-responders and between the tumor tissue, irEC tissue, and normal tissue. (acir.org)
To assess whether increased IL-6 expression in irEC and non-responding tumors is mechanistically related to tumor resistance to ICB, anti-CTLA-4 was tested in the aggressive B16.BL6 melanoma model. (acir.org)
There was also an increase in the number of CD8 + T eff specific to B16 melanoma antigens (p15 and TRP-2). (acir.org)

Fractionated radiation therapy stimulates anti-tumor immunity mediated by both resident and infiltrating polyclonal T-cell populations when combined with PD1 blockade. (wikipedia.org)
In the context of cancer, appropriately activated DCs can induce anti-tumor immunity by activating innate immune cells and tumor-specific lymphocytes that target cancer cells. (mdpi.com)
Generally, T cells, B cells, NK cells and macrophages help to inhibit tumor growth, while MDSC and regulatory T cells ( Treg ) tend to inhibit anti-tumor immunity. (medicaltrend.org)
In short, a variety of immune cell types, and even different functional states of specific immune cell types, may have diametrically opposite effects on anti-tumor immunity. (medicaltrend.org)
OVs armed with GM-CSF (such as T-VEC and Pexa-Vec) or other immunostimulatory genes, induce potent anti-tumor immunity in both animal models and human patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Coadministration with a HDAC inhibitor inhibits innate immunity transiently to promote infection and spread of OVs, and significantly enhances anti-tumor immunity and improves the therapeutic index. (biomedcentral.com)

These antigens can be recognized and processed by antigen-presenting cells within the tumor (dendritic cells and macrophages). (wikipedia.org)

Syncromune® is developing SYNC-T™, a disruptive personalized in situ platform drug immunotherapy designed to educate T cells and stimulate the immune system to treat metastatic solid tumors where other therapies have failed. (renmab.com)
This review summarizes the use of high-voltage electrical pulses (HVEPs) in clinical oncology to treat solid tumors with irreversible electroporation (IRE) and electrochemotherapy (ECT). (rsna.org)
CXCL8) is produced by many solid tumors, where it attracts myeloid cells and potentiates the survival of tumor cells. (acir.org)

Preclinical models predict that blockade of the coinhibitory molecule cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) on lymphocytes results in the release of a cell cycle inhibitory checkpoint, allowing lymphocyte proliferation, tumor targeting, and regression. (snmjournals.org)
The cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) is a coinhibitory activation-induced surface receptor on T cells that functions as a major negative regulator of anti-self-immune responses. (snmjournals.org)
There is also a need for rational combinations beyond interleukin (IL)-2 and programmed death (PD)-1/ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA)-4 immune checkpoint blockade and to combat exhaustion and restore costimulatory functions, e.g., with gene-engineered or pharmacologic agent-treated TILs. (biomedcentral.com)

However, there is so far no consensus on the optimal radiation regimen needed to increase the chance of abscopal tumor regression. (wikipedia.org)
Tumor-specific T cells are identified, expanded, and infused into the lymphodepleted patient, where they can help mediate tumor regression. (aacr.org)
Monoclonal antibodies blocking CTLA4 induce regression of immunogenic tumors in mice ( 8 ) and are being pursued as a treatment approach for patients with cancer. (snmjournals.org)
Regression of paraneoplastic neurological sensorimotor neuropathy in a patient with metastatic breast cancer treated with capecitabine: a case study and mini-review of the literature. (univmed.org)
The study and/or manipulation of administered cells can potentially result in identification of the exact cell subpopulations and effector functions required for cancer regression in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that have a notable role in the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. (mdpi.com)
Multimodal immunogenic cell death (ICD) together with autophagy often induced by OVs not only presents potent danger signals to dendritic cells but also efficiently cross-present tumor-associated antigens from cancer cells to dendritic cells to T cells to induce adaptive antitumor immunity. (biomedcentral.com)

Current candidates in this area include PD-L1 expression, CD8 + tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, tumor mutation load and neoantigen burden, immune-related gene signatures, and multiplex IHC assays that examine the pharmacodynamic and spatial interactions of the TME. (aacrjournals.org)

In addition, spontaneous immunity against the folate receptor alpha has been previously reported in breast and ovarian cancer patients which suggests that this target can actually be immunogenic. (cancernetwork.com)
In addition, deep learning models based on radiomics and digital pathology are helpful to the research of tumor immunity to a large extent, and these artificial intelligence technologies perform well in predicting the response of immunotherapy. (medicaltrend.org)
In the past few years, the research progress on tumor immunity has radically changed our understanding of tumors. (medicaltrend.org)
Therefore, it is necessary to use the most advanced bioinformatics technology to systematically describe the immunological characteristics of tumors to the greatest extent and provide more information to enhance our understanding of tumor immunity. (medicaltrend.org)
The antitumor immunity helps eliminate the uninfected cancer cells in primary and metastatic nodules, and enforce micrometastases in dormant state. (biomedcentral.com)

We also tested an optimized polyepitope neoantigen DNA vaccine in a patient with metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. (wustl.edu)
Immune monitoring data suggest that optimized polyepitope neoantigen DNA vaccines are capable of inducing neoantigen-specific T cell responses in a patient with metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. (wustl.edu)

Abscopal effects of Targeted intraoperative radiotherapy have been seen in clinical studies, including in randomized trials where women treated with lumpectomy for breast cancer combined with whole breast radiotherapy showed reduced mortality from non-breast-cancer causes when compared with whole breast radiotherapy. (wikipedia.org)
In this investigation a human RCC tissue microarray (TMA) (n=374) predominantly consisting of the most common histological tumor subtypes was hybridized with an ERV-K env antibody and correlated with patient clinical data. (frontiersin.org)
And in that that study, which was published in Clinical Cancer Research a few months ago, vaccination had elicited T-cell responses in virtually every single patient that received the product. (cancernetwork.com)
Background: Preclinical studies and early clinical trials have shown that targeting cancer neoantigens is a promising approach towards the development of personalized cancer immunotherapies. (wustl.edu)
We are excited that SYNC-T has shown initial anti-tumor activity based on the preliminary Phase 1 clinical data," said Eamonn Hobbs, President and Chief Executive Officer of Syncromune. (renmab.com)
The specificity, safety, and anti-cancer efficacy of YH002 have been evaluated in a comprehensive panel of pre-clinical studies. (renmab.com)
The clinical success of immune checkpoint inhibitors has dramatically changed outcomes for patients across cancer types. (biomedcentral.com)
Numerous clinical trials and real-world experience provide evidence of improved response and survival outcomes with multiple immunotherapy agents and different combinations in various cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
Clinical activity of TIL therapy has also been reported in other cancer types, including human papillomavirus-associated cancers, cholangiocarcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). (biomedcentral.com)
In clinical practice, a key challenge for generating TIL products is the accessibility, quantity, and quality of tumor tissue in the era of neo-adjuvant therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
The follow-up vaccine CV9104 including the additional antigens prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and Muc1 is currently being tested in a randomized phase IIb trial to assess the clinical benefit induced by this new vaccination approach. (biomedcentral.com)
In the last few years, there is mounting evidence that OVs are effective in treating cancer in both preclinical models and clinical trials with human patients[ 1 - 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

This phase I/IIa study evaluated safety and immunogenicity of CV9103 in patients with advanced castration-resistant prostate-cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
However, tumors may relapse after a period of time ranging from a few months to several years at which time they progress into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). (biomedcentral.com)

The abscopal effect is a hypothesis in the treatment of metastatic cancer whereby shrinkage of untreated tumors occurs concurrently with shrinkage of tumors within the scope of the localized treatment. (wikipedia.org)
The abscopal effect, referring to the unexpected shrinkage observed in non-irradiated tumors after radiation therapy, is thought to be mediated by systemic immune activation. (mdpi.com)

Mabs capable of targeting the malignancies noted above were produced following immunization of BALBc mice with the Tumor Specific Antigens. (jcancer.org)
Optimized polyepitope neoantigen DNA vaccines were immunogenic and generated robust neoantigen-specific immune responses in mice. (wustl.edu)
Here, RT was combined with curcumin to investigate how curcumin affects RT-induced abscopal effects in mice with bilateral CT26 colorectal tumors. (mdpi.com)
Combination of Adar1 loss and anti-PD-1 synergized to eliminate tumors and prolong survival in mice, and Adar1 deletion resensitized treatment-resistant tumors to immunotherapy, even in the case when tumor cells could not be recognized by CD8 + T cells due to B2m loss. (acir.org)
After treatment, tumor-specific T cells from mice treated with neoadjuvant immunotherapy had an increased expression of granzyme B, TNFα, and IFNγ. (acir.org)
This translated to reduced tumor growth and increased survival in mice. (acir.org)
In tumors of mice receiving anti-CTLA-4, there was an increase in IL-6, IL-1β, and TNFɑ expression. (acir.org)
Mice that received IL-6 blockade alone had reduced tumor burden, but none of the mice were cured. (acir.org)
In Balb/c mice bearing immunogenic CT26 tumors, adding IL-6 blockade to anti-CTLA-4 resulted in improved tumor reduction, with 48% of mice cured, while anti-CTLA-4 alone resulted in 32% cures. (acir.org)
No mice were cured with IL-6 blockade alone, but it did reduce the tumor load and improve survival. (acir.org)

There has been a great deal of interest shown in defining the mechanisms by which anti-CTLA4 antibodies induce tumor regressions in humans. (snmjournals.org)

In contrast to the local effect of irradiation on the tumor cells, these cytotoxic T cells circulate through the blood stream and are thus able to destroy remaining tumor cells in distant parts of the body which were not irradiated. (wikipedia.org)

The monoclonals, so produced, were not only more efficient in controlling tumor growth but minimized the development of a HAMA response. (jcancer.org)

Immune Checkpoint Blockade, Immunogenic Chemotherapy or IFN-α Blockade Boost the Local and Abscopal Effects of Oncolytic Virotherapy. (wikipedia.org)
Radiation and dual checkpoint blockade activate non-redundant immune mechanisms in cancer. (wikipedia.org)
This session was chaired by Padmanee Sharma, MD, PhD , professor in the Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, who opened the plenary by highlighting the incredible breakthrough of checkpoint inhibitors, which are helping many patients to have durable responses. (aacr.org)
This approach has proven efficacious in some patients with epithelial cancers, and has been shown to synergize with checkpoint inhibition. (aacr.org)
At the conference, Dr. Zamarin presented data from a phase II trial at Memorial Sloan Kettering, of a peptide vaccine called TPIV-200 in combination with durvalumab, an anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor antibody, in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. (cancernetwork.com)
Immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) limit the tumor's immune escape yet only for approximately a third of all tumors and, in most cases, for a limited amount of time. (biomedcentral.com)
Pre-requisite of tumor response to ICBs is the co-expression by cancer cells of immunogenic tumor antigens and targetable immune checkpoint molecules. (biomedcentral.com)
These agents, which inhibit the immune checkpoint proteins programmed death cell protein-1 (PD-1) or CTL associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) are able to produce durable long-term remissions and are active in a broad range of tumor types, although not all patients respond ( 1-7 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Even though the idea of an immune system actively searching for and disposing of potential mutated tumor cells is over a century old, only recent developments in various fields such as mass spectrometry, immuno-checkpoint blockade strategies and in silico modelling have enabled the realization of the full potential of recruiting immune system to fight cancer and the possibilities of personalized therapies. (helsinki.fi)
Haining concluded that Adar1 is a checkpoint, and its removal could potentially induce sufficient inflammation to restrict tumor growth while bypassing the need for recognition of tumor by CD8 + T cells. (acir.org)

Immune-mediated inhibition of metastases after treatment with local radiation and CTLA-4 blockade in a mouse model of breast cancer. (wikipedia.org)

Dr. Sharma's main takeaway was that analysis of tumor samples before and after treatment should enable rational guidance for therapeutic decisions. (acir.org)
performed a deep immune analysis of tumor and immune-related enterocolitis tissues from ICB-treated patients and animal models. (acir.org)

Furthermore, immune-mediated abscopal effects were also described in patients with metastatic cancer. (wikipedia.org)
Accordingly, increases in tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells were shown to correlate with abscopal anti-tumor responses in patients. (wikipedia.org)
With the ability of the mAbs to demonstrate therapeutic antitumor activity in those patients with relatively advanced malignancies, the term tumor specific was introduced. (jcancer.org)
It is required by FDA that the potential effects of tumor control and toxicity be defined using the naked antibodies produced under GMP conditions, In those situations where patients with recurrent malignancies are to be studied we have come to realize that a number of factors can influence the response to monoclonal therapy. (jcancer.org)
This method allows for improved identification of immunogenic neoantigens beyond those identified by prediction algorithms, and could potentially be applied to all cancer patients - with the caveat that it would be highly individualized and therefore complex, Rosenberg noted. (aacr.org)
Rosenberg is beginning to develop a library of TCRs that can recognize shared mutations in the hope of utilizing them for TCR T-cell therapy for patients across a variety of tumor types, especially those with common epithelial cancers. (aacr.org)
Dr. Dmitriy Zamarin speaks with Cancer Network about the findings of a phase II trial in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer patients. (cancernetwork.com)
Those specific peptides were previously identified to elicit T-cell responses in breast and ovarian cancer patients that were vaccinated with this product. (cancernetwork.com)
It has been previously tested for immunogenicity in breast and ovarian cancer patients. (cancernetwork.com)
This was one of the findings that led us to try this vaccine in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. (cancernetwork.com)
By building on the proven concept of conventional chemoradiation for patients with locally advanced NSCLC with a subsequent radiation dose intensification to residual disease with SBRT concurrent with immunotherapy, we hope address the issues of metastatic and local failures. (frontiersin.org)
Using a cohort of 386 colon cancer patients we demonstrate that high MGL binding to stage III tumors is associated with poor disease-free survival, independent of microsatellite instability or adjuvant chemotherapy. (oncotarget.com)
We believe this technology transfer agreement may help accelerate our FDA IND filling process, and we are optimistic that our proprietary SYNC-T investigational therapy may have the potential to provide a treatment benefit to cancer patients. (renmab.com)
Patients with metastatic disease (~40%) had a historical median OS of approximately 6 months, although recently substantial progress has been made in chemotherapy options for these patients [ 3 ]. (bmj.com)
Cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) is a paraneoplastic syndrome most commonly associated with small-cell carcinoma of the lung, but also less frequently reported in patients with breast, endometrial, and other cancers. (univmed.org)
The discovery and development of novel treatments that harness the patient's immune system and prevent immune escape has dramatically improved outcomes for patients across cancer types. (biomedcentral.com)
However, not all patients respond to immunotherapy, acquired resistance remains a challenge, and responses are poor in certain tumors which are considered to be immunologically cold. (biomedcentral.com)
These new approaches are focused on patients with an inadequate response to current treatments, with emerging evidence of improved responses in various cancers with new immunotherapy agents, often in combinations with existing agents. (biomedcentral.com)
In tumors, antigen-specific functional ICOS + CD4 + cells were increased, and both ICOS + CD4 + and CD8 + T cells were increased in the blood of patients. (acir.org)
A total of 26/33 evaluable patients treated at 1280 μg developed an immune response, directed against multiple antigens in 15 out of 33 patients. (biomedcentral.com)
While early diagnosis of PCa is associated with a 5-year disease-specific survival rate (SR) of 100 %, only 27.8 % 5-year SR is reported for patients with metastatic disease (SEER Stat Fact Sheet on prostate cancer, http://seer.cancer.gov ). (biomedcentral.com)
Treatment options for patients with metastatic CRPC include second generation anti-hormonal agents such as abiraterone or enzalutamide or palliative chemotherapy with docetaxel or cabazitaxel, which increase survival by 2-4 months [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
As a benchmark, Provenge, a cancer vaccine designed to treat advanced prostate cancer, demonstrated an increase in survival and thus gained approval from the FDA for use in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer patients in 2010[ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Cytotoxic T cells which recognize these tumor antigens may in turn be primed by the tumor antigen-presenting cells. (wikipedia.org)
This treatment utilizes a patient's own immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. (aacr.org)
To improve this therapeutic strategy, Rosenberg and colleagues developed a method to identify the exact antigens that the T cells could recognize. (aacr.org)
The expansion of anti-cancer specific T cells can enable the immune system to recognize and destroy cancer in the treated tumor as well as in metastases throughout the body. (renmab.com)
These therapeutic methods, including but not limited to oncolytic virus therapies, T-cell therapies and cancer vaccines, are based on the body's ability to recognize mutated antigen peptides presented on the cell surface by MCH-receptors (also known as HLA-receptors in humans) and the disposal of the malignant cells by cytotoxic T-cells. (helsinki.fi)
One is the ability to administer large numbers of highly selected cells with high avidity for tumor antigens that can recognize shared and patient-specific mutated (neo) antigens. (biomedcentral.com)

The human immune system can provide a powerful tool in developing therapies against various cancers. (helsinki.fi)
Thus, the capability to map the individual HLA-presented peptidome and differentiate the immunogenic peptides is a foundation for this plethora of therapies and is in focus of ongoing research. (helsinki.fi)
Unlike alternative ablative therapies, electroporation does not affect the structural integrity of surrounding tissue, thereby enabling tumors in the vicinity of vital structures to be treated. (rsna.org)
OVs provide a number of potential advantages as cancer vaccines over conventional therapies. (biomedcentral.com)

Arlen M, Arlen P, Tsang A, Wang X, Gupta R. The Therapeutic Value of Monoclonal Antibodies Directed Against Immunogenic Tumor Glycoproteins. (jcancer.org)
Monoclonal antibodies developed against immunogenic proteins (Tumor Specific Antigens/TSA's) that are expressed in human cancers, display a unique behavioral pattern. (jcancer.org)
As we continue identifying novel therapeutic antibodies suitable for development into tumor vaccine and other modalities, we look forward to establishing more strategic partnerships to advance the field of immunotherapy. (renmab.com)
The anti-recoverin antibodies induced by the primary tumor may on contact with intraretinal recoverin initiate a photoreceptor degeneration and trigger photoreceptor death by apoptosis, thus causing blindness. (univmed.org)

Although epigenetically silenced, endogenous retroviral (ERV) genes become activated in tumors and function to ignite immune responses. (frontiersin.org)
These strategies rely on the isolation of T cells, which are either genetically modified to target tumor-specific antigens or are expanded from an endogenous population that recognizes tumor neoantigens. (aacr.org)

Multiple studies have examined the issue of the optimal dose of radiotherapy in NSCLC but are complicated by the heterogeneity of the disease itself in terms of size and location of the primary tumor, number and size of involved lymph nodes, and the patient's comorbidities, all of which limit the treatment tolerability and risks. (frontiersin.org)
Delivery of tumoricidal doses to the primary tumor and involved lymph nodes is balanced by treatment-related toxicities, namely esophagitis, pneumonitis, and cardiac injury. (frontiersin.org)

Although most tumors release detectable antigenic macromolecules into the circulation, no tumor marker has all the requisite characteristics to provide enough specificity or sensitivity to be used in early diagnosis or mass cancer screening programs. (msdmanuals.com)

TAAs) can help diagnose various tumors and sometimes determine the response to therapy or recurrence. (msdmanuals.com)

We have previously demonstrated that the C-type lectin macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL), expressed by human antigen presenting cells, can distinguish healthy tissue from CRC through its specific recognition of Tn antigen. (oncotarget.com)
For the quantification of tumor immune cell components, traditional methods, such as flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry ( IHC ), are not suitable for large-scale analysis due to their high cost and low tissue availability. (medicaltrend.org)
IRE uses HVEPs to cause cell death by inducing membrane disruption, and it is primarily used as a radical ablative therapy in the treatment of soft-tissue tumors in the liver, kidney, prostate, and pancreas. (rsna.org)
There were 343/770 genes differentially expressed between irEC tissue and responder tumors, while only 70 genes were differentially expressed between irEC and non-responding tumors, indicating more similarity between irEC and non-responding tumor tissue. (acir.org)
Among the 343 genes, the largest differences were found in IL6 and genes encoding for neutrophil and monocyte chemokines, while there was no significant difference for these genes between irEC and non-responding tumor tissue. (acir.org)

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a protein-polysaccharide complex present in colon cancers and in normal fetal intestine, pancreas, and liver. (msdmanuals.com)

Similar to immune reactions against antigens from bacteria or viruses, the abscopal effect requires priming of immune cells against tumor antigens. (wikipedia.org)
To kick off the session, Sharma introduced Steven Rosenberg, MD, PhD , chief of surgery at the National Cancer Institute, to deliver his talk, "T-cells targeting unique cancer mutations. (aacr.org)
Unlike CAR T-cell therapy or TCR therapy, which modifies T cells taken from the blood, TIL therapy utilizes T cells that have infiltrated the tumor stroma, which requires a tumor biopsy. (aacr.org)
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a glycoprotein located in ductal epithelial cells of the prostate gland, can be detected in low concentrations in the sera of healthy men. (msdmanuals.com)
It provides a dominant negative signaling to T cells on binding to the costimulatory molecules CD80 (B7.1) and CD86 (B7.2) expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells ( 1 ). (snmjournals.org)
Cell surface CTLA4 has 100-1,000 times higher affinity for the costimulatory molecules expressed by antigen-presenting cells, thereby efficiently competing with the positive costimulatory receptor CD28 ( 1 ). (snmjournals.org)
Several approaches to overcome resistance to ICBs are being investigated among which the addition of epigenetic drugs that are expected to act on both immune and tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
SYNC-T utilizes a combination approach of tumor activation and targeted delivery, aiming to synchronize the timing and location of tumor antigen release with the functional activation of immune cells. (renmab.com)
This master thesis is a part of a project aiming to set up immunoaffinity-purification/MS based method in order to analyse the ligandome and determine T-cell recognized cancer associated antigens from tumor cells. (helsinki.fi)
Another challenge is the cell entry of oncolytic adenovirus, which is mainly mediated by the Coxsackie-Adenovirus receptor and this receptor is downregulated in various cancer cells. (helsinki.fi)
High-throughput genome and transcriptome data can be used to calculate the abundance of immune cells and predict tumor antigens. (medicaltrend.org)
The definition of tumor has also evolved from a simple aggregation of tumor cells to a complex organ-like structure consisting of tumor cells, immune cells, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells and other surrounding stromal cells. (medicaltrend.org)
However, existing studies have confirmed that, given the complex interaction with tumor cells, the specific role of immune cells may change dynamically or even become completely opposite. (medicaltrend.org)
Successful TIL therapy starts with the identification, enrichment, stimulation, and expansion of potent tumor-reactive T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
O'Donnell showed that this is due to a strong early expansion, subsequent contraction, and establishment of memory response of tumor-specific CD8 + T cells. (acir.org)
The memory response originated with previously dysfunctional tumor-specific T cells and did not involve de novo priming. (acir.org)
however the expression of inhibitory molecules (PD-L1, VISTA) increased on the newly infiltrating T cells, suggesting the need for targeting multiple pathways in prostate cancer. (acir.org)
Autologous as well as allogeneic CD8 + T cells transduced with tumor antigen specific T cell receptors (TCR) may cause significant tumor lysis upon adoptive transfer. (oncotarget.com)
They kill infected cancer and associated endothelial cells via direct oncolysis, and uninfected cells via tumor vasculature targeting and bystander effect. (biomedcentral.com)
The first is the direct oncolysis of cancer cells by the virus, which is, in most cases a mixture of apoptosis, necrosis, pyroptosis and autophagic cell death, often with one as predominant for a particular OV. (biomedcentral.com)

In combination with ICBs, Guadecitabine significantly reduced subcutaneous tumor growth as well as metastases formation compared to ICBs and Guadecitabine treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
PNS is not due to a direct effect of the tumor itself or its metastases but caused by other mechanisms, commonly autoimmune mechanisms develop when malignant tumors express proteins, paraneoplastic antigens (PNA), which are normally present only in neurons. (univmed.org)

Колоректальний рак Colorectal cancer is extremely common. (msdmanuals.com)

90% of pancreatic cancers (PC) and may be an appropriate immunotherapy target. (bmj.com)
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a devastating disease. (bmj.com)

neoantigens that elicit T-cell responses are identified as immunogenic. (aacr.org)
The primary endpoint was safety and tolerability, the secondary endpoint was induction of antigen specific immune responses monitored at baseline and at weeks 5, 9 and 17. (biomedcentral.com)

Elevated cell-surface expression of truncated carbohydrate structures such as Tn antigen (GalNAcα-Ser/Thr) is frequently observed during tumor progression. (oncotarget.com)
TME has been proven to play a decisive role in cancer occurrence, tumor progression, metastasis and recurrence. (medicaltrend.org)
Cancer vaccines are designed to boost the body's immune system to protect itself from carcinogenesis and progression of cancer. (biomedcentral.com)

This includes the early recognition of these immunogenic membrane proteins that can serve as diagnostic markers, and the targeting of such markers for the destruction of the tumor, primarily thru ADCC. (jcancer.org)
The monoclonals (mAbs) that we have developed against specific immunogenic tumor membrane proteins have been studied in detail. (jcancer.org)
These tumor proteins, when first defined, were referred to as tumor associated antigens. (jcancer.org)
Monoclonals that we were able to develop from tumor specific proteins derived from colon and pancreas cancer were found capable of targeting those tumors to induce apoptosis. (jcancer.org)
We were also able to define immunogenic membrane proteins from lung (squamous and adenoCa) as well as prostate neoplasms. (jcancer.org)
Serological identification of embryonic neural proteins as highly immunogenic tumor antigens in small cell lung cancer. (univmed.org)

High ERV-K env total protein expression of all tumor subtypes significantly correlated with low tumor grading and a longer disease specific survival using multivariable analyses. (frontiersin.org)
Optimized polyepitope neoantigen DNA vaccines specific for the murine breast tumor E0771 and 4T1 were designed and their immunogenicity was tested in vivo. (wustl.edu)
2. Interferon γ cytokine secretion was determined by ELISPOT to assess PBMC response against known antigens in a preliminary experiment to approximate usable range for the following antigen specific PBMC assays. (helsinki.fi)
Even though cancer treatment modalities have improved during last decades, there is still lack of specific, efficient and curative treatments especially in case of advanced and metastatic cancers. (helsinki.fi)
One retinal antigen implicated in the autoimmune mechanism of CAR is recoverin, a 23 kDa photoreceptor-specific calcium-binding protein modulating the activity of photoreceptor guanylyl cyclase. (univmed.org)
Maeda A, Ohguro H, Maeda T, Wada I, Sato N, Kuroki Y, Nakagawa T. Aberrant expression of photoreceptor-specific calcium-binding protein (recoverin) in cancer cell lines. (univmed.org)
Polans AS, Witkowska D, Haley TL, Amundson D, Baiz-er L, Adamus G. Recoverin, a photoreceptor-specific calcium binding protein is expressed by the tumor of a patient with cancer-associated retinopathy. (univmed.org)

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the ten most common cancers for men and women with an approximate 75% overall 5-year survival. (frontiersin.org)
This study supports ERV-K env as a single prognostic indicator for better survival of RCC, which we propose represents a new tumor antigen. (frontiersin.org)
The cell-based therapeutic vaccine Sipuleucel T targeting the antigen PAP has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2010 and recently by the European Medicines Agency for the treatment of asymptomatic - minimally symptomatic metastatic CRPC based on a median prolongation in overall survival by 4.1 months compared to placebo controls [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)

While most of the neoantigens identified through these screening efforts have been unique, a few were common neoantigens that correspond to "hotspot mutations" in KRAS and p53, two genes that are frequently mutated in cancer. (aacr.org)
Pre- and post-treatment tumor analysis after anti-CTLA-4 treatment demonstrated changes in a number of T cell genes, the most surprising of which was the ICOS pathway. (acir.org)

In order to make up this deficiency, it often requires combinations with conventional treatments for cytoreduction to decrease the tumor burden. (biomedcentral.com)

In summary, OVs properly armed or in rational combinations are potent therapeutic cancer vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)

We then identified neoantigens in preclinical breast cancer models through genome sequencing and in silico neoantigen prediction pipelines. (wustl.edu)

As such we plan to eventually employ the therapeutic mAbs in combination with chemotherapy as a means of enhancing the immunogenicity of the tumor system being treated and to possibly weaken the malignant growth for easier destruction by the mAb. (jcancer.org)

Irreversible electroporation is a predominantly nonthermal and adjacent structure-sparring ablation method that has been proven safe and efficient in the treatment of tumors in the liver, pancreas, and prostate. (rsna.org)

Monitoring CEA levels may be useful for detecting cancer recurrence after tumor excision if the patient initially had an elevated CEA and for refining estimates of prognosis by stage. (msdmanuals.com)

PET/CT scans obtained at a median of 2 mo after initial dosing did not demonstrate significant changes in lesion size or 18 F-FDG or 18 F-FLT uptake when focusing on metastatic lesions. (snmjournals.org)
ECT uses HVEPs to transiently increase membrane permeability, enhancing cellular cytotoxic drug uptake in tumors. (rsna.org)

One of the limitations of cancer vaccines against shared antigens in different cancers in general is that the overexpression of some of these antigens is restricted to only a subset of tumors. (cancernetwork.com)

ERV-K env is overexpressed and implicated as a therapeutic target for breast cancer, however studies in RCC are limited. (frontiersin.org)
The Food and Drug Administration of the USA has approved both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines for cancer in the last few years. (biomedcentral.com)
In contrast, therapeutic cancer vaccines are difficult to develop and much less effective. (biomedcentral.com)
The approval of Provenge has stimulated interest in development of other therapeutic cancer vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)

Initially associated with single-tumor, localized radiation therapy, the term "abscopal effect" has also come to encompass other types of localized treatments such as electroporation and intra-tumoral injection of therapeutics. (wikipedia.org)
Over the last 17 years, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has shown a high degree of safety and local control for stage I lung cancers and other localized malignancies. (frontiersin.org)
Presently, stage III lung cancer is managed with a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and sometimes surgery but the two major challenges in improving outcomes of the treatment of this disease remain local control and metastatic spread. (frontiersin.org)

This has prompted us to develop a vaccination strategy employing the tumor antigen chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG)4 as a target. (bmj.com)
Vaccination with messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding full-length tumor antigens is a novel option for immunotherapy. (biomedcentral.com)

The current standard of care for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) includes radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery in certain individualized cases. (frontiersin.org)
Approximately 80-90% of newly diagnosed lung cancers are classified as NSCLC, primarily consisting of adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or large cell carcinoma histologies. (frontiersin.org)

Specifically, ERV-K members were originally identified due to their similarity to the Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV) and are subdivided into ten so-called human MMTV-like clades (HML1-10) ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)

Ionizing radiation inhibition of distant untreated tumors (abscopal effect) is immune mediated. (wikipedia.org)

Several types of ACT round out the immunotherapy arsenal, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, T-cell receptor (TCR) therapy, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy. (aacr.org)
Target Folate Receptor Alpha in Ovarian Cancer? (cancernetwork.com)
The nice thing about the vaccine against the folate receptor alpha that we are using is that folate receptor alpha is overexpressed in the majority of ovarian cancers. (cancernetwork.com)
In the metastatic setting, it has been reported that 80% or more of these tumors express folate receptor alpha. (cancernetwork.com)

Studies with various vaccines in cancer to data have, unfortunately, demonstrated rather underwhelming efficacy results. (cancernetwork.com)
With this favorable immune backdrop, genetic engineering of OVs and rational combinations further potentiate OVs as cancer vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)
The prophylactic vaccines are against the hepatitis B virus, which can cause liver cancer, and against human papillomavirus types 16 and 18, which are responsible for about 70 percent of cervical cancer cases. (biomedcentral.com)
These anti-viral vaccines are highly effective in curbing virus infections and onset of cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
First, OVs are tumor-selective, thus in situ cancer vaccines, providing higher cancer specificity and better safety margin. (biomedcentral.com)
However, just like other immunotherapeutic regimens, a number of challenges remain for OVs-mediated cancer vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)

The anticancer activities of OVs are derived from multimodal cancer killing mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)

This includes the amount of shed antigen in the serum at the time of treatment that could initiate immune complex formation as well as the shedding of inhibitory material into the serum possibly effecting an immune response. (jcancer.org)
As part of our coverage of the 12th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium, being held September 13-15 at the University of Washington in Seattle, we are speaking with Dr. Dmitriy Zamarin, MD, PhD, a medical oncologist who specializes in the care and treatment of women with cervical, ovarian, and other gynecological cancers at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York City. (cancernetwork.com)
Resistance to ICBs can be primary for tumors that are intrinsically "invisible" by the immune system, adaptive for tumors that are recognized by the immune system but adapt to it, and truly acquired for tumors that initially respond to the treatment but then progress [ 5 ] reminiscent of cancer immune-editing theory [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The development of immunotherapy is an important breakthrough for the treatment of cancer, with antitumor efficacy observed in a wide variety of tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
Radiotherapy (RT) is an effective cancer treatment. (mdpi.com)
Espandar L, O'Brien S, Thirkill C, Lubecki LA, Esmaeli B. Successful treatment of cancer-associated retinopathy with alemtuzumab. (univmed.org)
The tremendous progress of immunotherapy has changed the current mode of cancer treatment. (medicaltrend.org)
The progress and breakthroughs of these new technologies have far-reaching significance for cancer treatment. (medicaltrend.org)

Methods To overcome the host's unresponsiveness to the self-antigen CSPG4, we have taken advantage of the conservation of CSPG4 sequence through phylogenetic evolution, so we have used a vaccine, based on a chimeric DNA molecule encompassing both human (Hu) and dog (Do) portions of CSPG4 (HuDo-CSPG4). (bmj.com)
Can you first describe this peptide vaccine, what it targets, and the rationale for its use as a therapy for advanced ovarian cancer? (cancernetwork.com)
The polyepitope DNA vaccine platform was first optimized using model antigens in vitro and in vivo. (wustl.edu)
Results: Our data support an optimized polyepitope neoantigen DNA vaccine design encoding long (≥20-mer) epitopes with a mutant form of ubiquitin (Ub mut ) fused to the N-terminus for antigen processing and presentation. (wustl.edu)
CV9103 is a prostate-cancer vaccine containing self-adjuvanted mRNA (RNActive®) encoding the antigens PSA, PSCA, PSMA, and STEAP1. (biomedcentral.com)
The self-adjuvanted RNActive® vaccine CV9103 was well tolerated and immunogenic. (biomedcentral.com)

Local irradiation of a tumor nodule may lead to immunogenic forms of tumor cell death and liberation of tumor cell-derived antigens. (wikipedia.org)
In order to overcome these limitations, this study explored the possibility to use cancer cell derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) as drug delivery system for oncolytic adenovirus. (helsinki.fi)

In contrast, the combination of immunomodulatory drugs such as ipilimumab and pembrolizumab can partially reconstitute systemic anti-tumor immune reactions induced after local tumor radiotherapy. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy18

Organisms8

Diseases63

Chemicals and Drugs79

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment51

Phenomena and Processes42

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science5

Health Care14

Microenvironment11

Melanoma18

Anti-tumor immunity6

Processed by antigen-prese1

Solid tumors3

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antig3

Regression5

Dendritic cells2

Lymphocytes1

Immunity5

Patient with metastatic2

Clinical12

Castration resistant prostate cancer2

Shrinkage2

Mice10

Induce tumor1

Remaining tumor cells1

Controlling tumor growth1

Checkpoint10

Blockade1

Analysis of tumor2

Patients23

Recognize6

Therapies4

Antibodies4

Endogenous2

Primary tumor2

Detectable1

TAAs1

Tissue5

Carcinoembryonic1

Cells20

Metastases2

Colorectal1

Pancreatic2

Responses2

Progression3

Proteins6

Specific7

Survival3

Molecules1

Genes2

Burden1

Potent1

Neoantigens1

Malignant1

Pancreas1

Recurrence1

Uptake2

Subset1

Therapeutic4

Radiation therapy3

Vaccination2

NSCLC2

Similarity1

Abscopal1

Receptor4

Vaccines6

Mechanisms1

Treatment8

Vaccine6

Cell-derived2

Radiotherapy1