• Using immunotherapy immediately after chemotherapy treatment in patients with metastatic bladder cancer significantly slowed the progression of the cancer, according to results of a clinical trial led by Mount Sinai researchers published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology in April. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Any decision regarding bladder-sparing or radical cystectomy in elderly/geriatric patients with invasive bladder cancer should be based on tumor stage, bladder function, and the ability to tolerate major surgery, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. (mdcalc.com)
  • Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is recommended for T2-T4a, cN0M0 bladder cancer and should always be cisplatin-based combination therapy. (mdcalc.com)
  • For patients who are not receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer should be performed within 3 months of diagnosis to lower the risk of progression and cancer-specific mortality. (mdcalc.com)
  • To test the effect of radical cystectomy (RC) with chemotherapy vs only chemotherapy on overall mortality (OM) in metastatic urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder (mUCUB). (urotoday.com)
  • In contemporary patients with mUCUB, RC with chemotherapy is associated with lower OM rates, relative to chemotherapy alone, but only in patients with a single metastatic site. (urotoday.com)
  • We reported our experience with intra-arterial chemotherapy in two patients with metastatic bladder cancer liver progression disease after standard chemotherapy. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • In metastatic setting, chemotherapy treatment remains the only therapeutic option. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • We described two case reports of metastatic pre-treatted bladder cancer subjected to intra-arterial chemotherapy. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • It is also rich with plenty of up-to-date information, in a well-organized and easy to use format, focusing on the treatment of bladder cancer including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and vaccine therapy. (intechopen.com)
  • According to the American Cancer Society , the standard first-line therapy for all types of bladder cancer is chemotherapy. (healthline.com)
  • In 2023 , the FDA provided accelerated approval of enfortumab vedotin-ejfv (Padcev) with pembrolizumab (Keytruda) for treatment of locally advanced or metastatic bladder cancers in people who are ineligible for cisplatin-containing chemotherapy. (healthline.com)
  • The trial evaluated margetuximab compared with trastuzumab, in combination with chemotherapy, for the treatment of HER 2-positive breast cancer. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • Margetuximab, an investigational monoclonal antibody, improved progression-free survival (PFS) when used in combination with chemotherapy in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2- (HER2) positive metastatic breast cancer, according to new data from a pivotal phase 3 trial. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • The SOPHIA study, which enrolled 536 patients, evaluated margetuximab in combination with chemotherapy compared with trastuzumab (Herceptin) plus chemotherapy in treating patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • Does bladder cancer respond well to chemotherapy? (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • For muscle-invasive bladder cancer, our doctors may recommend chemotherapy before surgery. (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • The best way to tell if chemotherapy is working for your cancer is through follow-up testing with your doctor. (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • Chemotherapy for invasive bladder cancer is nearly always a course of treatment, taking several months in total. (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • What is chemotherapy for bladder cancer? (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • Chemotherapy (chemo) is the use of drugs to treat cancer. (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • Chemo for bladder cancer can be given in 2 different ways: Intravesical chemotherapy: For this treatment, the chemo drug is put directly into the bladder. (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • Chemotherapy uses drugs to target and kill cancer cells or to shrink tumors and allow a surgeon to use a less invasive procedure. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Chemotherapy can also treat cancer before or after surgery. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Those who already have invasive cancer of the more-aggressive subtype would be candidates for additional therapies, such as chemotherapy, even before metastasis could be detected, added Robert Chin, MD, PhD, of the University of Chicago Medical Center, the third lead author of the paper. (health.am)
  • Speaking to the overall patient perspective on ICI therapy and associated toxicities, Guru Sonpavde, MD, a medical oncologist at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, who wasn't involved in the study, noted that most patients express optimism and enthusiasm for immunotherapy and are eager to avoid chemotherapy. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Systemic chemotherapy is medicine that treats cancer throughout the whole body. (curetoday.com)
  • Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is chemotherapy patients get before bladder removal surgery. (curetoday.com)
  • Clinical trials have shown that cisplatin chemotherapy before bladder removal improves survival for patients with MIBC because it helps kill bladder cancer cells that may be outside the bladder. (curetoday.com)
  • Some patients may benefit from combined modality therapy, which uses surgery to remove the tumor, plus chemotherapy and radiation to help kill the cancer while keeping the bladder intact. (curetoday.com)
  • Those with advanced or metastatic disease may benefit from chemotherapy and a variety of immunotherapies that can help the body fight off the cancer. (curetoday.com)
  • The two principal treatment choices in muscle-invasive bladder cancer are radical cystectomy and transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) followed by concurrent radiation therapy and systemic chemotherapy (trimodality therapy). (medscape.com)
  • Treatment protocols for bladder cancer are provided below, including those for chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and systemic neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy. (medscape.com)
  • Alternatively, a bladder-sparing approach of TURBT followed by concurrent radiation therapy and systemic chemotherapy (trimodality therapy) may be used. (medscape.com)
  • Is BRCA mutational status a predictor of platinum-based chemotherapy related hematologic toxicity in high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients? (cdc.gov)
  • In all T1 tumors at high risk of progression (i.e., high grade, multifocality, carcinoma in situ, and tumor size, as outlined in the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer), immediate radical treatment is an option. (mdcalc.com)
  • Thirty percent of bladder tumors probably result from occupational exposure in the workplace to carcinogens. (wikipedia.org)
  • T1 tumors are invasive cancers that have penetrated into underlying lamina propria but without any involvement of the muscularis propria. (medscape.com)
  • Patients presenting with metastatic disease were more commonly male, not married, older, had higher grade and larger tumors. (urotoday.com)
  • Patients presenting with metastatic disease were older, more commonly male, more comorbid, more likely insured with Medicare, high larger and higher grader tumors, and more likely treated at community or comprehensive community centers as opposed to academic centers. (urotoday.com)
  • They will insert a cutting tool into the bladder to remove small tumors and abnormal tissue. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • And so bringing that into the muscle-invasive setting, we're excited about how that could potentially be for those either luminal cancers or FGF receptor mutated tumors. (urologytimes.com)
  • Allowing clinicians to evaluate the risk of individual tumors based on their molecular characteristics will have profound impact on the health care of bladder cancer patients, the researchers said. (health.am)
  • If ovarian cancer spreads, cancerous tumors most often appear in the abdominal cavity or on the surfaces of nearby organs such as the bladder or colon. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Tumors that begin at one site and then spread to other areas of the body are called metastatic cancers. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Unfortunately, bladder cancer has a high rate of recurrence so most of those who receive diagnoses must return to their urologist at regular intervals for surveillance using cystoscopy to see if the tumors return. (curetoday.com)
  • 40% of patients, tumors recur at the same or another site in the bladder, particularly if tumors are large or poorly differentiated or if several tumors are present. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In the future, treatment selection for muscle-invasive bladder cancer is likely to be based on testing of tumors for biomarkers that indicate treatment sensitivity. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with resistant tumors would be offered upfront cystectomy, while those with chemoradiation-sensitive tumors would be offered bladder-preserving therapy, with regimens selected on the basis of genetic analysis. (medscape.com)
  • Nevertheless, Ahmed, a neurosurgery research fellow, told Reuters Health by email, "The findings of this study may be utilized by physicians and surgeons in a more personalized effort to assess patient-specific prognosis for patients with metastatic spinal tumors, and may therefore assist clinicians in pursuing the most appropriate treatment for a given spinal oncology patient. (medscape.com)
  • The goals of surveillance imaging after the treatment of urothelial cancer of the urinary bladder are to detect new or previously undetected urothelial tumors, to identify metastatic disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • A mass of cancerous cells is called a malignant tumor or cancer . (emedicinehealth.com)
  • The therapy targets were the visible tumor, whole bladder, and potential areas of extravesical spread. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Biopsy of the prostatic urethra is recommended when there is positive cytology without evidence of tumor in the bladder, or when abnormalities of the prostatic urethra are visible. (mdcalc.com)
  • Additionally, prostatic urethral biopsy should be considered for cases of bladder neck tumor or when bladder carcinoma in situ is present or suspected. (mdcalc.com)
  • In addition to ileal conduit diversion, an orthotopic bladder substitute should be offered to male and female patients lacking any contraindications and who have no tumor in the urethra or at the level of urethral dissection. (mdcalc.com)
  • Standard treatment for NMIBC is a complete transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT). (medscape.com)
  • We provide new evidence that this increased intracellular ROS milieu uniquely predisposes metastatic tumor cells to hypoxia-mediated regulation of the matrix metalloproteinase MMP-1. (psu.edu)
  • It further supports the notion that metastatic tumor cells are uniquely able to utilize intracellular increases in ROS to drive pro-metastatic signaling events and highlights the important interplay between ROS and hypoxia in malignancy. (psu.edu)
  • As the initial tumor grows and cancer cells spread, the number of symptoms can increase. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Doctors diagnose ovarian cancer according to the stage and the type of cells in the primary tumor. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Bladder preservation therapy consists of maximal tumor removal via a transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). (cancernetwork.com)
  • The origin of the traditional timing (ie, beginning 3 months following bladder tumor removal) is not clear. (medscape.com)
  • The treatment for bladder cancer is dependent on diagnosis via transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). (frontiersin.org)
  • Sarcomatoid carcinoma or carcinosarcoma (CS) is a rare neoplasm of the urinary bladder that is defined by the World Health Organization as a biphasic tumor consisting of malignant epithelial and mesenchymal components [1]. (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • In this form of cancer, certain cells in the ovary become abnormal and multiply uncontrollably to form a tumor . (medlineplus.gov)
  • Cancers occur when a buildup of mutations in critical genes-those that control cell growth and division or repair damaged DNA-allow cells to grow and divide uncontrollably to form a tumor. (medlineplus.gov)
  • When bladder cancer is classified as NMIBC, surgery to remove the tumor is often the first step. (curetoday.com)
  • A transurethral resection of the bladder tumor uses a special instrument inserted through the urethra to remove the tumor. (curetoday.com)
  • If the tumor is low risk/grade and has not invaded the muscle wall of the bladder, it may not require more treatment. (curetoday.com)
  • If the tumor cells appear aggressive under the microscope and the pathologist determines that the cancer is high risk/grade, it is more likely to return or worsen. (curetoday.com)
  • Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the seventh most frequently diagnosed tumor in adults in Europe and represents approximately 2.5% of cancer deaths. (cancerindex.org)
  • The treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (Ta, T1, carcinoma in situ [CIS]) begins with transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). (medscape.com)
  • Vulvar cancer is an uncommon gynecologic tumor and one of several human papillomavirus-associated malignancies. (bvsalud.org)
  • Many patients with invasive bladder cancer are older and have comorbidities and/or performance status that make them poor candidates for radical cystectomy. (medpagetoday.com)
  • The trial included patients ≥18 years of age who had stage T2 to T4a N0 M0 bladder cancer and were not able to receive radical cystectomy or daily fractionated radiation therapy. (medpagetoday.com)
  • In women undergoing subsequent orthotopic neobladder construction, procedural information is required (including histological evaluation) of the bladder neck and urethral margin, either before or at the time of cystectomy. (mdcalc.com)
  • Radical cystectomy is recommended in T2-T4a, N0 M0, and high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. (mdcalc.com)
  • Palliative radical cystectomy (pRC) may be offered to selected bladder cancer (BC) patients with grievous local symptoms. (karger.com)
  • The effect of radical cystectomy on survival in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder. (urotoday.com)
  • About 50% of patients who underwent radical cystectomy for invasive bladder cancer develops recovery of local or distant disease, while approximately 10-15 % of patients present with metastatic disease at time of diagnosis [2], especially in liver, bone and lung. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • Valrubicin intravesical solution is an anthracycline topoisomerase inhibitor indicated for intravesical therapy of BCG-refractory carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the urinary bladder in patients for whom immediate cystectomy would be associated with unacceptable morbidity or mortality. (drugs.com)
  • Delaying cystectomy can lead to development of metastatic bladder cancer, which is lethal. (drugs.com)
  • Valrubicin is indicated for intravesical therapy of BCG-refractory CIS of the urinary bladder in patients for whom immediate cystectomy would be associated with unacceptable morbidity or mortality. (medscape.com)
  • The most common treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer is radical cystectomy. (cancernetwork.com)
  • A published study examining the National Cancer Database showed that radical cystectomy is the most common treatment chosen for patients under age 75, but that approximately 30% to 50% of patients older than 75 receive no definitive treatment at all. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Although many studies examine quality of life for cystectomy patients, there are fewer studies examining quality of life among patients who receive bladder preservation. (cancernetwork.com)
  • It is undoubtedly true that many patients diagnosed with bladder cancer, especially the elderly, will not be candidates for radical cystectomy. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Patients who have undergone radical cystectomy require routine surveillance to monitor for local recurrence or the development of metastatic disease. (medscape.com)
  • Has undergone partial cystectomy of the bladder to remove any NMIBC or MIBC. (mayo.edu)
  • If the cancer is larger or has spread deeper into the bladder, a surgeon can perform a cystectomy, removing the whole bladder or just the cancerous tissue. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In many cases, a urologist may suggest radial cystectomy, which is surgery to remove your bladder. (curetoday.com)
  • Chedgy and Black propose that radical cystectomy should be considered the gold-standard treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. (medscape.com)
  • They cite recommendations from European and United States guidelines, as well as published literature showing a 75% 5-year cancer-specific survival for all stages of bladder cancer treated with cystectomy, while noting that the published literature on trimodality therapy shows evidence of inferior survival and frequent treatment failure, with almost one-third of patients eventually requiring a salvage cystectomy. (medscape.com)
  • In contrast, Mitin recommends considering trimodality therapy as the first option for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer, with cystectomy reserved for patients who are unable or unwilling to undergo bladder preservation or for salvage in the case of local recurrence. (medscape.com)
  • [ 80 ] For example, presence of the MRE11A single-nucleotide polymorphism rs1805363 has been associated with worse cancer-specific survival after radiation therapy, with a gene-dosage effect observed, but not after cystectomy. (medscape.com)
  • A study of treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer with ultrahypofractionated radiation therapy found that plan-of-the-day (image-guided) therapy was less toxic than a standard plan but still had effective local disease control. (medpagetoday.com)
  • 2 Other reports have stated that between 23% and 50% of patients 65 years of age and older who have muscle-invasive bladder cancer do not receive treatment, or only receive non-aggressive treatments. (medpagetoday.com)
  • 1 In this study, a multicentre randomised phase II study of hypofractionated bladder radiotherapy with or without image guided adaptive radiotherapy (the HYBRID trial), is a noncomparative, multicenter, randomized, phase 2 trial investigating the treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer with ultrahypofractionated bladder radiation therapy, with or without image-guided adaptive planning. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Chemoradiation-based organ preservation treatment may be offered to select patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. (mdcalc.com)
  • Purpose This multidisciplinary, evidence-based guideline for clinically non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer focuses on the evaluation, treatment and surveillance of muscle-invasive bladder cancer guided toward curative intent. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Results For the first time for any type of malignancy, the American Urological Association, American Society of Clinical Oncology, American Society for Radiation Oncology and Society of Urologic Oncology have formulated an evidence-based guideline based on a risk-stratified clinical framework for the management of muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Conclusions The intensity and scope of care for muscle-invasive bladder cancer should focus on the patient, disease and treatment response characteristics. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) can be treated with surgery followed by bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy . (mskcc.org)
  • New therapies in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer treatment. (roche.com)
  • Unmet Clinical Needs and Future Perspectives in Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer. (roche.com)
  • While observation may be appropriate for select cases where prognosis is poor, rates of non-treatment are unacceptably high in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Both surgery and bladder preservation are accepted approaches in the management of muscle-invasive bladder cancer, per the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines . (cancernetwork.com)
  • Perform the first surveillance cystoscopy within 3 to 4 months after completion of the initial evaluation and treatment of patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). (medscape.com)
  • The fairly high rate of progression to muscle-invasive disease (30%) in patients with high-risk NMIBC require more frequent monitoring by urine cytology and cystoscopy, the gold standard for detection of bladder cancer recurrence. (medscape.com)
  • Have a histologically confirmed diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma (UC) / muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) (T2-T4aN0M0 or T1-T4aN1M0) with predominant (≥ 50%) urothelial histology. (mayo.edu)
  • Has a known additional malignancy that is progressing or has required active anti-cancer treatment ≤ 3 years of study randomization with certain exceptions -Has received any prior systemic treatment for MIBC or non-invasive muscle bladder cancer (NMIBC. (mayo.edu)
  • For non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) treatment is the standard immunotherapy for non-high risk NMIBC patients ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • However, most NMIBC patients will experience recurrence within 5 years, and a portion of patients will develop muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). (frontiersin.org)
  • Large clinical studies have shown that this method improves cure rates and long-term survival for people with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • Furthermore, given his limited survival due to the metastatic bladder cancer, he was also unlikely to experience the other benefits in "hard outcomes" that an invasive approach could traditionally yield. (acc.org)
  • Invasive cancers are harder to treat. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Most squamous cell cancers are invasive. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Most bladder adenocarcinomas are invasive. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • This technique might be used to identify the patients with the more-aggressive subtype before the cancer becomes invasive or metastatic. (health.am)
  • The treatment of non-muscle-invasive (Ta, T1, carcinoma in situ [CIS]) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer should be differentiated. (medscape.com)
  • European Association of Urology (EAU) and National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines for non-muscle-invasive cancer strongly recommend stratifying risk of recurrence and progression and using risk tables to determine appropriate treatment. (medscape.com)
  • This study investigates the combination of pembrolizumab and chemoradiation (CRT) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). (bvsalud.org)
  • SEOM clinical guideline for treatment of muscle-invasive and metastatic urothelial bladder cancer (2018). (cdc.gov)
  • Other invasive malignancy within 5 years, with the exception of adequately treated non-melanoma skin cancer, localized cervical cancer, localized and Gleason (who.int)
  • Transcriptomic profiling of T-cell populations in non-muscle invasive and muscle invasive bladder cancer. (lu.se)
  • The study is the first to show that this approach to therapy, called switch maintenance immunotherapy, significantly slows the worsening of a type of bladder cancer called urothelial cancer. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Immunotherapy is a newer way to treat bladder cancer. (mskcc.org)
  • Combination immunotherapy is producing response rates ranging from 26 to 38 percent among patients with metastatic bladder cancer in the early. (mdanderson.org)
  • PATIENT SUMMARY: Immunotherapy treats nonmetastatic/metastatic bladder cancer effectively. (bvsalud.org)
  • 3 In the absence of treatment, patients can experience local or distant progression of their disease as well as significant symptoms related to their cancer, including hematuria, increased urinary frequency, dysuria, pelvic pain, incontinence, and obstruction. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Use with caution in patients with severe irritable bladder symptoms. (drugs.com)
  • Palliative care focuses on preventing, managing, and relieving the symptoms of cancer and the side effects of cancer treatment. (cancer.net)
  • These signs and symptoms are not specific to bladder cancer, and may also be caused by non-cancerous conditions, including prostate infections, overactive bladder or cystitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Not everyone has symptoms of ovarian cancer in the early stages. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • As cancer spreads to other organs, new symptoms can appear. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • What are the early symptoms of ovarian cancer? (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Often, a person does not notice any symptoms until the cancer has reached this stage. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • 77% of all cases occur in men, 1 however women are more often diagnosed in the late stages (stages III-IV), 5 which may be due to common symptoms of bladder cancer being misdiagnosed as urinary tract infections. (roche.com)
  • In its early stages, ovarian cancer usually does not cause noticeable symptoms. (medlineplus.gov)
  • As the cancer progresses, signs and symptoms can include pain or a feeling of heaviness in the pelvis or lower abdomen, bloating, feeling full quickly when eating, back pain, vaginal bleeding between menstrual periods or after menopause, or changes in urinary or bowel habits. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Having one or more of these symptoms does not mean that a woman has ovarian cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Early diagnosis of bladder cancer is very important as it is associated with a higher survival rate, for both men and women. (roche.com)
  • Earlier diagnosis and new treatment advances may help to improve survival rates, in both men and women with bladder cancer. (roche.com)
  • Clinicopathological variables, cancer specific, and overall survival were compared between patients presenting with or without metastatic disease. (urotoday.com)
  • Nevertheless, the 5-year survival rate for nonmetastatic MIBC patients (75% of newly diagnosed bladder cancer) is only 36% - 48% after first-line treatment, while the 5-year relative survival is 5% - 36% in metastatic MIBC ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Bladder cancer survival rates by stage According to the American Cancer Society , the relative survival rates for all stages of bladder cancer are: 5 years: 77 percent. (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • People diagnosed with stage IV bladder cancer that has spread to the regional lymph nodes have a relative five-year survival rate of about 36%, which means that around 36 out of 100 people with this stage of bladder cancer are alive five years after they are diagnosed. (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • Larger clinical trials are warranted to study (223)Ra on the prevention of SREs and on overall survival in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. (researchgate.net)
  • In this case, the team correctly consulted with oncology to find out that the patient has a very limited survival due to his cancer. (acc.org)
  • Objective This study evaluated the association between pretreatment total lymphocyte count (TLC) and overall survival (OS) in patients with recurrent cervical cancer. (koreamed.org)
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has yielded significant survival benefits for patients with cancer, including renal and urothelial carcinoma. (medpagetoday.com)
  • NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - The predictive accuracy of scoring systems for survival after surgery for metastatic spine disease may vary, according to a study of nine such prognostic calculators. (medscape.com)
  • The mean overall survival after surgery was 282 days, ranging from 55 days for patients with bladder cancer to more than 4.5 years for those with multiple myeloma. (medscape.com)
  • Data on survival for 13 cancer sites or types registered during 1993-1997 were reported. (who.int)
  • Trends in 5-year relative survival in 1993-1997 compared to 1985-1992 showed a marked increase for cancers of the rectum, breast, ovary, Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas and decrease for cancers of the lip and larynx. (who.int)
  • The registry has contributed data on survival from 33 mortality from death certificates with a mention of cancer sites or types for the first volume of the IARC cancer from the office of the Ministry of the Interior. (who.int)
  • The top ranking cancers on the basis of 5-year obtained by repeated scrutiny of records in the relative survival are Hodgkin lymphoma (71%), hospitals, postal enquiry and house visits. (who.int)
  • Evaluate the status of the bladder before the intravesical instillation of valrubicin intravesical solution. (drugs.com)
  • It is described in Intravesical therapy for bladder cancer. (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • Most often, patients with high-grade NMIBC receive intravesical (inside the bladder) treatments. (curetoday.com)
  • No blood tests are specific for bladder cancer, but a general evaluation is necessary prior to initiating therapy with intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine. (medscape.com)
  • STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN (UroToday.com) - Enthusiasm for active surveillance of small renal masses (SRMs) is tempered by the existence of patients with T1a masses who present with metastatic disease. (urotoday.com)
  • In conclusion, patients with T1a SRM who present with metastatic disease represent a minority (approximately 2-5%) of patients with malignant SRM. (urotoday.com)
  • High steady-state reactive oxygen species (ROS) production has been implicated with metastatic disease progression. (psu.edu)
  • One challenge with treating bladder cancer with radiotherapy is that the bladder is mobile and changes volume and shape. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Has received prior systemic anticancer therapy including investigational agents within 3 years of randomization or any radiotherapy to the bladder. (mayo.edu)
  • Patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer and bone pain needing external-beam radiotherapy were assigned to four intravenous injections of (223)Ra (50 kBq/kg, 33 patients) or placebo (31 patients), given every 4 weeks. (researchgate.net)
  • Patients electing radiation treatment, a standard approach for bladder preservation therapy, may also have difficulty in getting to a center for daily radiation treatments. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Our world-class experts offer bladder cancer patients, including those with complicated cases, access to a wide variety of trials, evaluating leading-edge treatments and innovative therapies. (cityofhope.org)
  • Our scientists pursue every aspect of cancer research-from exploring the biology of genes and cells, to developing immune-based treatments, uncovering the causes of metastasis, and more. (mskcc.org)
  • As part of our mission to eliminate cancer, MD Anderson researchers conduct hundreds of clinical trials to test new treatments for both common and rare cancers. (mdanderson.org)
  • Treatments for advanced bladder cancer aren't very effective. (healthline.com)
  • As available treatment options are unlikely to cure advanced bladder cancers, researchers are continuing to look into newer treatments to help improve outcomes. (healthline.com)
  • Padcev is one of the most recent additions to locally advanced or metastatic bladder cancer treatments, gaining accelerated approval in 2019 . (healthline.com)
  • 1 The improvement in clinical outcomes with ICI therapy has led to their integration among standard-of-care treatments in both localized and metastatic disease settings. (medpagetoday.com)
  • An estimated 19,710 females in the United States will receive a diagnosis of ovarian cancer in 2023. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In early 2023, the combination therapy gained accelerated approval for use in locally advanced and metastasized bladder cancer cases due to the effectiveness it showed in treating these types of cancer. (healthline.com)
  • What are some notable bladder cancer advances in 2023? (urologytimes.com)
  • Using a cell culture metastatic progression model we previously reported that steady-state intracellular H 2 O 2 levels are elevated in highly metastatic 253J-BV bladder cancer cells compared to their non-metastatic 253J parental cells. (psu.edu)
  • Eight patients developed metastatic disease, and three had nonmetastatic progression. (bvsalud.org)
  • The kidney's internal collecting system, the ureters (narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder), the bladder, and the urethra are lined with these cells. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • If no bladder substitution is attached, the urethra must be surveyed regularly in males. (mdcalc.com)
  • This procedure involves removal of the bladder, proximal urethra, perivesicular fat, pelvic lymph nodes, and either the prostate and seminal vesicles for men, or anterior vagina, uterus, and ovaries for women. (cancernetwork.com)
  • TCC can arise anywhere in the urinary tract, including the renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, and urethra, but it is usually found in the urinary bladder. (medscape.com)
  • TURBT is the initial treatment recommendation to help identify the stage of the bladder cancer. (medscape.com)
  • Transitional cell carcinoma, also called urothelial carcinoma, is the most common type of bladder cancer. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Urothelial carcinoma (transitional cell carcinoma): This is by far the most common type of bladder cancer in the United States. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • In transitional cell carcinoma, these normal lining cells undergo changes that lead to the uncontrolled cell growth characteristic of cancer. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Thus, individuals with transitional cell cancers of the bladder are at risk for transitional cell cancers of the kidneys/ureter (upper urinary tract). (emedicinehealth.com)
  • The most common type of bladder cancer is urothelial cancer, also known as transitional cell carcinoma, which accounts for 9 out of 10 bladder cancers. (roche.com)
  • Most bladder cancers are transitional cell (urothelial) cancers, but there are other types as well, including squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and small cell carcinoma. (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • Bladder cancer is usually transitional cell (urothelial) carcinoma. (msdmanuals.com)
  • General reference Bladder cancer is usually transitional cell (urothelial) carcinoma. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Local recurrence within the bladder only: Follow CACI - Bladder Cancer Worksheet. (faa.gov)
  • Some people who are treated for bladder cancer never have a recurrence. (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • Although recurrence is not uncommon among people who are treated for bladder cancer, in many cases the recurrence can be treated effectively. (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • Bladder cancer is a common urologic cancer that has the highest recurrence rate of any malignancy. (medscape.com)
  • Yung Lyou, M.D., Ph.D., is actively recruiting patients for a Phase 2 study on the benefits of atezolizumab, with or without eribulin mesylate, in treating patients with urothelial cancer that has come back, or spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes, or other places in the body. (cityofhope.org)
  • The most common distant organ for ovarian cancer to metastasize to is the liver, followed by distant lymph nodes and the lungs, bones, and brain. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Ovarian cancer cells can also spread to the lymph nodes and through the lymphatic system. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • It can take some time for cancer to penetrate all of these layers, but once it has, it can then spread into the surrounding fatty tissues and lymph nodes. (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • He had his bladder removed September 2013 and the lymph nodes were cancerous. (bladdercancersupport.org)
  • Last November a back ache led to the shocking discovery that his cancer had returned and was in lymph nodes and lungs. (legacy.com)
  • That really moves bladder cancer from the sort of Halstedian approach of resecting more lymph nodes is better to, there may not be a benefit to that. (urologytimes.com)
  • Removing the bladder also involves removing lymph nodes around the organ. (curetoday.com)
  • The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved erdafitinib (Balversa) in 2019 for advanced bladder cancer treatment. (healthline.com)
  • In 2019, the American Cancer Society (ACS) predict that around 80,470 people will receive a diagnosis of bladder cancer and 17,670 will die from it in the United States. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Metastasis means that cells spread through the tissue fluid's circulation called the lymphatic system or through the bloodstream where they can then stop off in other tissues or organs where they may grow as metastases or metastatic deposits and can become destructive in these new locations. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • At a mean follow-up of 4.7 years, 5-year cancer specific death rates were, as expected, markedly higher in patients presenting with metastases. (urotoday.com)
  • The alpha-emitter radium-223 ((223)Ra) is a bone-seeking radionuclide studied as a new treatment for patients with bone metastases from hormone-refractory prostate cancer. (researchgate.net)
  • patients with bone metastases from hormone-refractory prostate cancer. (researchgate.net)
  • In today's podcast, Dr. Leslie Schover discusses her article, "Sexual Healing in Patients with Prostate Cancer on Hormone Therapy," from the 2015 ASCO Educational Book. (cancer.net)
  • At present, only a few areas of mRNA vaccine research have made progress, such as prostate cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma and so on ( 8 - 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • OBJECTIVES: To identify and explore barriers to, and enablers of, active surveillance (AS) in men with low-risk prostate cancer (LRPCa), as perceived by PCa clinicians. (bvsalud.org)
  • Squamous cell carcinomas, which are less common and usually occur in patients with parasitic bladder infestation or chronic mucosal irritation. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Cross-section through the bladder, uterus, and vagina with squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder infiltrating through the bladder wall into the vaginal wall. (medscape.com)
  • Squamous cell carcinoma is the most prevalent histologic subtype of vulvar cancer, accounting for the majority of cases. (bvsalud.org)
  • For example, bladder cancer is a different disease than lung cancer . (emedicinehealth.com)
  • The plan-of-the-day approach can be used successfully to treat bladder cancer, with less toxicity and adequate disease control. (medpagetoday.com)
  • This trial, along with another recent study testing a similar approach, bolster the use of switch maintenance treatment, which will likely become a standard of care for metastatic urothelial cancer, a disease characterized by a paucity of advances in decades," said lead author Matthew Galsky, MD, Co-Director of the Center of Excellence for Bladder Cancer at Mount Sinai. (medicalxpress.com)
  • These individuals accounted for the vast majority of patients in whom an RC was performed, despite the presence of metastatic disease. (urotoday.com)
  • Patients must have no evidence of metastatic disease based on screening computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. (cityofhope.org)
  • Blood in the urine may also be caused by other conditions, such as bladder or ureteric stones, infection, kidney disease, kidney cancers or vascular malformations, though these conditions (except kidney cancers) would typically be painful. (wikipedia.org)
  • Within SEER, 5.1% of SRM patients presented with metastatic disease. (urotoday.com)
  • Following adjustment, in patients with small renal tumours the risks of overall and cancer specific mortality were 5.0 and 17.2 times higher, respectively, in patients presenting with metastatic disease. (urotoday.com)
  • Combined-modality bladder preservation therapy offers an excellent strategy to maximize the probability of disease control and preserve quality of life. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Has ≥ N2 disease or metastatic disease (M1) as identified by imaging. (mayo.edu)
  • Carinosarcoma of the urinary bladder is very aggressive neoplasms, and there is no standard treatment for this disease. (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • The big thing coming forward, obviously, as we wait for these randomized trials in early-stage bladder cancer, is looking at biomarkers going forward of minimal residual disease. (urologytimes.com)
  • Cancer is a major burden of disease worldwide. (health.am)
  • The discovery, which in this case concerned bladder cancer, could lead to faster, less expensive and more accurate analysis of cancer risk and better treatment of the disease. (health.am)
  • Ovarian cancer is a disease that affects women. (medlineplus.gov)
  • There is a dearth of research into patient-based prognostic calculators for metastatic spine disease, A. Karim Ahmed of The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, in Baltimore, Maryland, and colleagues note in The Spine Journal, online March 19. (medscape.com)
  • Dr. Michael G. Fehlings, a professor of neurosurgery at the University of Toronto, Canada, said a survey that he and his colleagues conducted "revealed that over 20% of experts in the treatment of metastatic spinal disease did not use a prognostic tool to assist them in their clinical decision making and when employed, none of these instruments seems to be uniformly used in clinical practice. (medscape.com)
  • Most cases of noninvasive bladder cancer remain clinically indolent with even a modicum of urologic intervention. (medscape.com)
  • Have clinically non-metastatic bladder cancer (N≤1 M0) determined by imaging (computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the chest/abdomen/pelvis. (mayo.edu)
  • To observe and follow-up cancer patients who insisted on using camel urine, and to offer some clinically relevant recommendations. (who.int)
  • The time until the cancer progressed was approximately 60 percent longer for the pembrolizumab group compared with the control group . (medicalxpress.com)
  • The patient has metastatic bladder cancer and is actively being treated with pembrolizumab. (acc.org)
  • In the United States, urothelial carcinomas account for more than 90% of all bladder cancers. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • About 85-90% of ovarian cancers are a type of cancer known as epithelial ovarian carcinomas, which can be high or low grade. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Fewer than 1% of bladder cancers are small cell carcinomas. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • When bladder cancer grows into the deeper layers of the bladder (MIBC), it is more difficult to treat. (curetoday.com)
  • The study included 51 patients receiving ICI therapy between 2016 and 2020 for metastatic renal or urothelial carcinoma. (medpagetoday.com)
  • In this podcast, oncology dietitians Maureen Gardner and Annette Goldberg will discuss how they work with people with cancer and their families to address these and other common nutrition concerns. (cancer.net)
  • Treatment patterns and outcomes in metastatic bladder cancer in community oncology settings. (roche.com)
  • Quality-of-life results from four Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) studies involving bladder preservation therapy were reported by Efstathiou et al . (cancernetwork.com)
  • There are currently no approved agents for the treatment of patients with metastatic HER2+ breast cancer who have previously received trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and ado-trastuzumab emtansine," Hope S. Rugo, MD, director of Breast Oncology and Clinical Trials Education at the University of California San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, said in a press release. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Bladder Cancer. (medscape.com)
  • We observed 20 cancer patients (15 male, 5 female) from September 2020 to January 2022 who insisted on using camel urine for treatment. (who.int)
  • Cancer can become destructive locally to the tissues adjacent to where it arises. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Locally advanced bladder cancer can spread to nearby tissues. (bcan.org)
  • Yung Lyou, M.D., Ph.D., is actively recruiting patients for a Phase 3 study on the benefits of a combination therapy to treat patients with untreated locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer. (cityofhope.org)
  • In other words, researchers found enough evidence to suggest that it could help people with locally advanced or metastatic bladder cancer. (healthline.com)
  • In May 2016, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted accelerated approval for injections of atezolizumab (Tecentriq) to treat locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Number of new cases of bladder cancer diagnosed and number of deaths associated with bladder cancer taken from reference 1. (roche.com)
  • Enfortumab vedotin-ejfv (Padcev) received approval for use in advanced bladder cancer. (healthline.com)
  • As a National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer center, City of Hope's bladder cancer program is uniquely positioned to provide personalized and comprehensive treatment plans, along with access to groundbreaking clinical trials. (cityofhope.org)
  • A cellular component known as the Golgi apparatus may play a role in how lung cancer metastasizes, according to researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center whose findings were reported in the Nov. 21 online issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation. (mdanderson.org)
  • In recognition of wide-ranging contributions to the fields of cancer prevention, patient care, and basic, translational, and clinical research. (mdanderson.org)
  • This book is an invaluable source of knowledge on bladder cancer biology, epidemiology, biomarkers, prognostic factors, and clinical presentation and diagnosis. (intechopen.com)
  • Mass General Cancer Center offers patients access to a wide variety of clinical trials of promising new therapies. (massgeneral.org)
  • Through our founding membership in the Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, an NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, these clinical trials are conducted at the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and may be available at other partner institutions. (massgeneral.org)
  • The paper has two senior authors: Irving Weissman, MD, the Virginia and D.K. Ludwig Professor for Clinical Investigation and Cancer Research at Stanford, and Keith Syson Chan, PhD, formerly at Stanford and now an assistant professor professor at the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston. (health.am)
  • Clinical trials are an essential part of bladder cancer research. (curetoday.com)
  • Evaluation of a Clinical Decision Support System for the Prescription of Genetic Tests in the Gynecological Cancer Risk. (cdc.gov)
  • Camel urine had no clinical benefits for any of the cancer patients, it may even have caused zoonotic infection. (who.int)
  • One of the commonly cancer patients who insisted upon using camel urine, to used forms of complementary and alternative medicine establish exactly how they administered the urine and is camel urine alone or in combination with camel whether there were any clinical benefits or harm. (who.int)
  • Some rare forms of bladder cancer like urachal adenocarcinoma produce mucin, which is then excreted in the urine causing it to be thick. (wikipedia.org)
  • Research by urologic surgeon Bernard Bochner shows people who had bladder removal surgery at MSK recovered well and enjoyed a high quality of life. (mskcc.org)
  • Dear Librarian, I would like to recommend the following IntechOpen book to be added to our library catalog: TITLE: 'Bladder Cancer - From Basic Science to Robotic Surgery' PRINT ISBN: 978-953-307-839-7 Libraries are offered a 20% discount on retail book prices. (intechopen.com)
  • Surgery is the standard treatment for ovarian cancer, but it may not be suitable for people with metastatic ovarian cancer, especially if the cancer has spread throughout the abdominal cavity. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Bladder preservation can be an effective treatment strategy for patients who do not receive surgery, although the comparative efficacy of surgery vs bladder preservation therapy is not known because large modern randomized controlled trials comparing these two approaches are lacking. (cancernetwork.com)
  • The morbidity and quality of life considerations related to surgery vs bladder preservation are therefore important considerations in treatment selection. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Background: Propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) improves long-term outcomes after cancer surgery compared with inhalation anesthesia. (koreamed.org)
  • However, its effect on patients undergoing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) surgery remains unclear. (koreamed.org)
  • Patients deserve to have an accurate opinion of what will happen to them after they have had surgery for bladder cancer, and this test will give the most accurate assessment to date," Weissman said. (health.am)
  • This option can be used for some patients who are ineligible for bladder removal surgery. (curetoday.com)
  • Patients in the standard arm (surgery alone) will undergo large en- bloc curative intent surgery will be performed within 4 weeks following randomization. (who.int)
  • Smoking cessation is key to lessening the risk of relapse, especially in superficial bladder cancer. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • They also knew from previous research that two molecules, keratin-5 and keratin-20, were associated with more-differentiated bladder cells (both normal and cancerous). (health.am)
  • However, researchers suggest that many or even most ovarian cancers begin in epithelial cells on the fringes (fimbriae) at the end of one of the fallopian tubes, and the cancerous cells migrate to the ovary. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Metastatic ovarian cancer is when cancer cells have spread from the ovaries to more distant parts of the body. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Around 57% of people with ovarian cancer receive a diagnosis in the later stages, when the cancer has already reached more distant organs. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Ovarian cancer refers to cancer that starts in the ovaries. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • If it reaches the liver or another organ during metastasis, doctors still call it ovarian cancer. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • This article looks at how ovarian cancer can spread to other parts of the body, as well as the treatment options and outlook. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • As a result, only 17% of people with ovarian cancer receive a diagnosis at an early stage, before the cancer has spread. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Over 70% of people with an early diagnosis of ovarian cancer say they have pain in the abdomen or pelvis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • As ovarian cancer grows, it usually spreads first into nearby organs and structures of the lower body, such as the pelvis and abdomen. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Around 21% of people with ovarian cancer receive a diagnosis when the cancer has spread to nearby tissues. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Can ovarian cancer cause abdominal swelling? (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The liver is the most common distant organ for metastatic ovarian cancer to spread to. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Ovarian cancer that has metastasized to the lungs may lead to a buildup of fluid, called a pleural effusion. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • What are the stages of ovarian cancer? (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The early signs of ovarian cancer can be hard to spot, and effective early screening methods are limited. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • These tests can identify genetic features that may increase the risk of ovarian cancer. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In about 90 percent of cases, ovarian cancer occurs after age 40, and most cases occur after age 60. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The most common form of ovarian cancer begins in epithelial cells, which are the cells that line the surfaces and cavities of the body. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In about 10 percent of cases, ovarian cancer develops not in epithelial cells but in germ cells, which are precursors to egg cells, or in hormone-producing ovarian cells called granulosa cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Some ovarian cancers cluster in families. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Hereditary ovarian cancers tend to develop earlier in life than non-inherited (sporadic) cases. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Ovarian cancer is diagnosed in about 22,000 women in the United States each year. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A woman's lifetime risk of developing ovarian cancer is about 1 in 75. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Somatic mutations in the TP53 gene occur in almost half of all ovarian cancers. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Somatic mutations in many other genes have also been found in ovarian cancer cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In hereditary ovarian cancer, the associated genetic changes are passed down within a family. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Diagnostic significance assessment of the circulating cell-free DNA in ovarian cancer: An updated meta-analysis. (cdc.gov)
  • The bladder collects urine from the kidneys before expelling it from the body through urination. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Purpose: PIK3CA and TP53 are the most prevalently mutated genes in breast cancer (BC). (koreamed.org)
  • US Preventive Services Task Force Breast Cancer Recommendation Statement on Risk Assessment, Genetic Counseling, and Genetic Testing for BRCA-Related Cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • Population frequencies of pathogenic alleles of BRCA1 and BRCA2: analysis of 173 Danish breast cancer pedigrees using the BOADICEA model. (cdc.gov)
  • Treatment for early stage bladder cancer might involve encouraging the immune system to fight cancer cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. (roche.com)
  • Calculation based on Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for bladder cancer, percentage of global incidence attributed to diagnosis in men. (roche.com)
  • Bladder cancer (BLCA) has one of the highest mortality rates of all cancers and has been estimated to cause more than 170,000 deaths in the world annually ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • If a bladder cancer cell metastasizes -- that is, spreads to the lungs through the bloodstream it is still called and is treated as metastatic bladder cancer, not as lung cancer . (emedicinehealth.com)
  • In this podcast, Dr. Bernardo Goulart discusses his article, "The Value of Lung Cancer CT Screening. (cancer.net)
  • Complicating the situation is the fact that she has a history of lung cancer, which is currently in remission. (acc.org)
  • Molecular testing for advanced non-small cell lung cancer in Malaysia: Consensus statement from the College of Pathologists, Academy of Medicine Malaysia, the Malaysian Thoracic Society, and the Malaysian Oncological Society. (cdc.gov)
  • Outcome of follow-up (Table 2) cancers among males are liver, lung and colon, among females, the order is liver, cervix and breast. (who.int)
  • However, there is only scarce information on perioperative complications and prognosis, especially in the case of metastatic spread. (karger.com)
  • Patients who present with metastatic bladder cancer generally have a poor prognosis, surviving only very few months (1). (pfeiffertheface.com)