Metastasis cathepsin b. Medical search. Frequent questions

Similar to other aspartic proteases, cathepsin D accommodates up to 8 amino acid residues in the binding cleft of the active site. (wikipedia.org)
Cathepsins are a class of globular lysosomal proteases playing a vital role in mammalian cellular turnover. (eurogentec.com)
The cathepsin family consists of 12 cysteine proteases with broad exo- and endopeptidase activity, of which Cathepsin B is a member. (eurogentec.com)
These proteases target collagen I, a major component of the bone matrix whose degradation is a major consequence of osteolytic metastasis of breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
We are currently investigating the mechanistic basis underpinning the transcription of these proteases in breast cancer cells, and using the MDA231BO cell line to determine the in vivo significance of CD44 expression to osteolytic metastasis of breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Cathepsins represent a group of such proteases aimed at maintenance of cellular homeostasis. (edu.rs)
Lysosomal cathepsin proteases are secreted during cancer progression. (biomedcentral.com)
Serine and cysteine cathepsin (Cts) proteases are an important class of intracellular and pericellular enzymes mediating multiple aspects of tumor development. (wustl.edu)
The expression of the cysteine-type proteases cathepsin B and cathepsin X are correlated to poor prognosis of cancer patients and genetic deficiency of these enzymes in cancer mice results in reduced tumor and metastatic burden. (uni-freiburg.de)
Proteolysis is a hallmark feature of invasive growth and metastasis - thus we aim to functionally characterize the degradome, i.e. the complement of proteases and their endogenous protease inhibitors, of cancer stem cells in its ability to remodel the microenvironment of those cells. (uni-freiburg.de)

Invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast (IMPC) is a rare subtype of breast cancer that has a high frequency of lymph node (LN) involvement and metastasis to distant organs. (jcancer.org)
This is due to the high propensity of lymph node (LN) involvement as well as early regional and distant metastasis seen in IMPC [ 1 - 5 ]. (jcancer.org)
Integrated bioinformatics analysis reveals that the expression of cathepsin S is associated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in papillary thyroid cancer. (cdc.gov)
Elevated CSTC expression was positively associated with tumor differentiation, tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and AJCC stage and indicated poor prognosis in human CRC. (bvsalud.org)
Targeted proteomics analysis of the prioritized proteins in saliva, combined with machine-learning methods, highlights a peptide-based signature as the most powerful predictor to distinguish patients with and without lymph node metastasis. (nature.com)
In summary, we identify a robust signature, which may enhance prognostic decisions in OSCC and better guide treatment to reduce tumor recurrence or lymph node metastasis. (nature.com)

Mice treated with a CTCS inhibitor (AZD7986) formed fewer NETs and had fewer lung metastases and improved survival. (lab-a-porter.com)
2) A highly potent microtubule inhibitor, monomethyl auristatin E. 3) A drug activation/release mechanism using a linker cleavable by cathepsin B, which we demonstrate to be abundant in the tumor microenvironment. (monash.edu)
Importantly, treatment with inhibitor eIF4A3-IN-2 reduced circIKBKB expression and inhibited breast cancer bone metastasis effectively. (biomedcentral.com)
An ideal inhibitor may be one that is anti-angiogenic as well as anti-lymphangiogenic, thereby suppressing both routes of metastasis. (harvard.edu)
Together these results indicate that SEMA3F is a potent metastasis inhibitor that targets both tumor and stromal cells and raise the possibility of SEMA3F having therapeutic potential. (harvard.edu)
Furthermore, the combination of CTSC inhibitor AZD7986 and anti-PD-L1 antibody blocked CTSC-induced CRC metastasis. (bvsalud.org)
The contribution of cysteine cathepsins was determined by addition of the general cysteine cathepsin inhibitor E64d. (biomedcentral.com)
To investigate the role of cathepsin inhibitor stefin B (Stfb) in mammary cancer, Stfb null mice were crossed with transgenic polyoma virus middle T oncogene (PyMT) breast cancer mice. (imi-muenchen.de)
The cathepsin B activity levels in the tumor-bearing mucosa in the groups which received leupeptin or FOY-305 following DMH treatment were both significantly lower than that in the group which received neither protease inhibitor (P=0.046 and P= 0.0067, respectively). (elsevierpure.com)

Its pro-apoptotic properties reduce malignancy, while its proteolytic enzymatic activity promotes invasion and metastasis, thereby inducing malignancy. (jcancer.org)
Srivatsan's studies further revealed that cathepsin L, a protein overexpressed in several tumors and linked to invasion and metastasis as the physiological target of cystatin E/M. (uclahealth.org)
RNAi mediated depletion of CD44 and MT1-MMP expression and pharmacological inhibition of cathepsin K attenuated CD44 promoted invasion through a collagen I matrix. (biomedcentral.com)
Metastasis involves the invasion of cancer cells from the primary tumour site to the surrounding extracellular matrix and stroma, from wherein the cancer cells intravasate, travel through the vasculature and extravasate to form a secondary tumour at a distant site [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Nevertheless, recent reports suggest that Cathepsin B executes other cellular programs such as controlling tumor growth, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastases development. (edu.rs)
Remarkably, reduced invasion was also evident if E64d was removed 24 h before the invasion assay in order to allow for recovery of cathepsin activity. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, previous studies have shown that lysosomes may play important roles in cancer development and progression through the abovementioned biological processes and that the functional status and spatial distribution of lysosomes are closely related to cancer cell proliferation, energy metabolism, invasion and metastasis, immune escape and tumor-associated angiogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Proteolysis is a hallmark process during invasion and metastasis of solid cancers. (uni-freiburg.de)
We will identify the cell types and the molecular networks in which cathepsins B and X are critical for cancer cell invasion and metastasis in a mouse model of breast cancer. (uni-freiburg.de)

Furthermore, the discovery of Cathepsin B secretion and function as an extracellular matrix protein has broadened our appreciation for the impact of Cathepsin B on cancer progression. (edu.rs)
Cathepsin B, a thiol protease, has been reported to be involved in cancer progression and metastasis. (elsevierpure.com)
The suppressive effects of two kinds of protease inhibitors, leupeptin and dietary camostate (FOY-305), on tumorigenesis and progression in 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced rat colon neoplasm were examined in relation to tissue cathepsin B activity. (elsevierpure.com)
The tumor microenvironment (TME) has been shown to play an essential role in CRC progression and metastasis [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This study highlights the critical roles of CCL2 in directing infiltrating macrophages to boost PCa progression/metastasis. (cathepsin-s.com)
Abstract The cysteine protease cathepsin B continues to be associated with progression and metastasis of breasts cancers causally. (healthdisparitiesks.org)
However, causal insights into the in vivo functions of cathepsins B and X in tumor progression are still missing. (uni-freiburg.de)

The established pro-metastatic role of specific cysteine cathepsins has until now been ascribed to their contribution to extracellular matrix remodeling. (biomedcentral.com)
Acidosis of the bone microenvironment results in increased osteoclast resorption pit formation via the release of proteolytic enzymes such as Cathepsins B D and L which degrade the extracellular matrix and facilitate metastasis (5). (crispr-reagents.com)

This protease has been regarded an independent marker of poor prognosis in breast cancer being correlated with the incidence of clinical metastasis. (wikipedia.org)
Presence of leptomeningeal metastases is indicative of poor prognosis. (elsevierpure.com)

In vivo fluorescence imaging demonstrated that the newly generated ADC localized to primary tumors and metastases in a mouse xenograft model of triple negative breast cancer, a difficult to treat tumor for which a selective tumor-targeting therapy remains to be clinically established. (monash.edu)
The metastatic capacities of CTSC-mediated metastasis were analyzed by in vivo metastasis model. (bvsalud.org)
Extra importantly, Loberg et al employed a xenograft model of PC3 cells to demonstrate that CCL2 may possibly enhance prostate tumour growth/metastasis in vivo by growing the recruitment of TAMs and angiogenesis (Loberg et al, 2007). (cathepsin-s.com)

Finally, silencing of cathepsin L led to decreased cell growth and over expression promoted cell growth. (uclahealth.org)

Bio X Cell has recently released a blog post talking about the role of cathepsin c inhibitors in cancer metastasis. (lab-a-porter.com)
BioXCell, 12 Oct. 2021, https://blog.bxcell.com/preventing-breast-cancer-metastasis-a-role-for-cathepsin-c-inhibitors . (lab-a-porter.com)
The main physiological functions of cathepsin D consist of metabolic degradation of intracellular proteins, activation and degradation of polypeptide hormones and growth factors, activation of enzymatic precursors, processing of enzyme activators and inhibitors, brain antigen processing and regulation of programmed cell death. (wikipedia.org)
Thus, emerging therapies, including cathepsin K, matrix metalloproteinase, or nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Src inhibitors, are being introduced for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and cancer bone metastasis. (hindawi.com)
These findings provide an additional rationale to use cathepsin inhibitors to stall tumor metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)

[ 115 ] Moreover, CK19 releasing cells were found to be detectable in up to 65 and 70% of CRC and breast cancer patients, respectively, and correlated with presence of metastasis and poor survival in breast cancer. (medscape.com)
Standard multimodal management of OSCC is based on the tumor−node−metastasis (TNM) classification 2 , in which the tumor size and location and the presence of metastasis are used to define OSCC prognosis and treatment in the clinical setting 3 . (nature.com)

Cathepsin D enzymatic activity induces hydrolytic modification of apolipoprotein B-100-containing lipoproteins, including LDL, which means it may be involved in atherosclerosis as well. (wikipedia.org)

Cell lines with the ability to metastasize to the lung secrete cathepsin C (CTSC), a cysteine protease best known for its function in the lysosomes of immune cells. (lab-a-porter.com)
Cathepsin D is an aspartic endo-protease that is ubiquitously distributed in lysosomes. (wikipedia.org)
It is then endocytosed and transferred to lysosomes where Cathepsin L activates it by removing an internal inhibitory peptide, forming a heterodimer composed of an 8 kDa and a 50 kDa subunit. (rndsystems.com)
5) Lysosomes can also fuse with the plasma membrane to mediate membrane repair or discharge contents outside the cell, such as cathepsins or immune factors. (biomedcentral.com)

Brain metastases are cancer cells that have spread to the brain from primary tumors in other organs in the body (see the image below). (medscape.com)
We show that ablation of Stfb resulted in reduced size of mammary tumors but did not affect their rate of metastasis. (imi-muenchen.de)
The ratio of cathepsin B activity in the tumors to that in the tumor-bearing tissue (T/Tb) was significantly increased with increasing tumor size (P=0.009). (elsevierpure.com)

Many osteopenic disorders, including a postmenopausal osteoporosis and lytic bone metastasis in breast and prostate cancers, are linked with a hyperosteoclast activity due to increased receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) expression in osteoblastic/stromal cells. (hindawi.com)
Current medical treatment of osteoporosis and breast cancer bone metastasis is anti-bone resorptive agents, including bisphosphonates and denosumab [ 2 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
However, these drugs do not prevent development of bone metastasis and also do not prolong survival [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Bone metastasis is a frequent and often incurable complication of breast cancer causing severe bone pain, pathological fractures, spinal cord compression and hypercalcaemia. (biomedcentral.com)
We have focused on establishing the significance of the cell surface hyaluronan receptor CD44 in underpinning the preferential metastasis of breast cancer cells to bone. (biomedcentral.com)
Further experiments conducted using a parental and bone-homing subclone of the MDAMB231 cell line (MDAMB213BO) have shown that the expression of CD44, cathepsin K and MT1MMP is elevated in the MDAMB231BO cells relative to their parental counterparts. (biomedcentral.com)
The long-term objective of our research will be to determine whether CD44 expression and that of its transcriptional targets may be predictive for those breast cancer patients at higher risk of developing skeletal disease and/or may potentially lead to the development of novel and more effective therapeutic strategies to attenuate bone metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
It has been shown that the inhibition of CTSB can limit bone metastasis in breast cancer, making it an important anti-cancer drug target. (biolegend.com)
However, the function and mechanism of circRNAs in BC bone metastasis (BC-BM) remain largely unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
Bone-metastatic circRNAs were screened using circRNAs deep sequencing and validated using in situ hybridization in BC tissues with or without bone metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
The role of circIKBKB in inducing bone pre-metastatic niche formation and bone metastasis was determined using osteoclastogenesis, immunofluorescence and bone resorption pit assays. (biomedcentral.com)
We revealed a plausible mechanism for circIKBKB-mediated NF-κB hyperactivation in bone-metastatic BC, which might represent a potential strategy to treat breast cancer bone metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
Currently, the clinical interventions for patients with BC-bone metastasis (BC-BM) are bisphosphonates (BPs) or denosumab (an anti-receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) monoclonal antibody), which disrupt the vicious cycle by targeting osteoclasts [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
BC-BMs mostly are osteolytic metastases that are characterized by aberrant bone destruction caused by increased osteoclasts-mediated bone resorption in the tumor-bone interface [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
To develop new and effective chemopreventive agents against bone metastasis we assessed the effects of muscadine grape skin extract (MSKE) whose main bioactive component is anthocyanin on bone turnover using prostate and breast malignancy cell models overexpressing Snail transcription factor. (crispr-reagents.com)

Breast cancer deaths are often the result of metastasis to distant organs including the lungs. (lab-a-porter.com)

Different regions of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have particular histopathological and molecular characteristics limiting the standard tumor−node−metastasis prognosis classification. (nature.com)
Human TAMs with high OGT are positively correlated with Cathepsin B expression, and both levels predict chemotherapy response and prognosis of individuals with cancer. (sciencenet.cn)

The expression and activation of CD44 was associated with increased expression of a subset of genes implicated in metastasis including proteolytic enzymes, growth factors and cytoskeletal proteins (for example, cortactin). (biomedcentral.com)

Cathepsin B (CTSB), a lysosomal cysteine protease, plays an important role in human physiology and pathology. (jcancer.org)
Cathepsin B, also known as CTSB, is a lysosomal cysteine protease. (biolegend.com)
While most cathepsins are exclusively endopeptidases, CTSB exhibits both carboxypeptidase and endopeptidase activities. (biolegend.com)
Thus, whereas others have reported that CtsB regulates metastasis of mammary carcinomas, we found that development of squamous carcinomas occurs independently of CtsB. (wustl.edu)

Thus, his results clearly demonstrated that cystain E/M is a cervical cancer suppressor gene and controls cell growth through the inhibition of cathepsin L. His laboratory used lentiviral tetracycline inducible system for the exogenous expression of cystatin E/M and have shown growth suppression in xenograft tumor mice model pointing to suppressor function of cystatin E/M protein. (uclahealth.org)
Cysteine cathepsin inhibition had no effect on the induction of the TGFβ-1-induced EMT program on transcriptional level. (biomedcentral.com)

Overexpression of CTSC resulted in more lung metastasis in mouse models. (lab-a-porter.com)
Overexpression and knockdown experiments also revealed that CTSC promotes the proliferation of cancer cells early in metastasis at the seeding stage. (lab-a-porter.com)

Cathepsin D is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTSD gene. (wikipedia.org)
Quantitative real-time PCR, immuno-blotting and ELISA-based experiments have demonstrated that the transcript and protein expression of cathepsin K and MT1MMP increase in response to CD44/HA signalling in a panel of CD44-expressing breast cancer cell lines (MDA231, MDA157 and MCF7F). (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, CD44/HA signalling was shown to increase cathepsin K and MT1MMP mRNA and protein expression in the MDAMB231BO cells. (biomedcentral.com)
1. Dilute the recombinant mouse Cathepsin B to 10 μg/ml in activation buffer (25 mM MES, 1 mM DTT, pH 5.0) and incubate the protein at 25°C for 3 min. (biolegend.com)
Recent research has shed light on a potential biomarker for early metastasis, namely Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) encoded by the YBX1 gene. (biomedcentral.com)
Leptin Modulates the Metastasis of Canine Inflammatory Mammary Adenocarcinoma Cells Through Downregulation of Lysosomal Protective Protein Cathepsin A (CTSA). (inventbiotech.com)

It is also more frequently used to treat the resection cavity of brain metastasis, particularly in patients with breast metastatic disease. (medscape.com)
Breast cancer cells condition lymphatic endothelial cells within pre-metastatic niches to promote metastasis. (bnwax.com)

Using anti-mouse IL-1b (clone B122) and anti-mouse IL-6 (clone MP5-20F3) antibodies from Bio X Cell as one of the research tools, researchers have described a role for the tumour-secreted protease, cathepsin C (CTSC) in helping breast cancer cells use neutrophils to colonize the lungs. (lab-a-porter.com)
Neutrophil infiltration at the early stages of metastasis and demonstrated that tumour seeding is dependent on the presence of these neutrophils. (lab-a-porter.com)
It is estimated that approximately 10-15% of breast cancer patients, show evidence of distant metastasis within 3 years from the initial detection of the primary tumour [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However, in some breast cancer patients, metastasis occurs after 10 years from the initial presentation of the primary tumour [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

We hypothesized that cysteine cathepsins affect transforming growth factor β-1 (TGFβ-1)-induced EMT of normal and malignant mammary epithelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)

The research team next turned their attention to understanding how CTSC regulates lung metastasis. (lab-a-porter.com)

In contrast, the knockdown of CSF1 reduced CTSC-mediated MDSCs and TAMs infiltration and CRC metastasis. (bvsalud.org)
Depletion of either MDSCs or TAMs decreased CTSC-mediated CRC metastasis. (bvsalud.org)

The optimum pH for cathepsin D in vitro is 4.5-5.0. (wikipedia.org)
Results: In vitro studies confirmed that this ADC specifically binds to activated GPIIb/IIIa, and cathepsin B-mediated drug release/activation resulted in tumor cytotoxicity. (monash.edu)

Lung metastases express more CTSC than primary breast tumours from the same patient. (lab-a-porter.com)
Knockdown of CTSC resulted in decreased lung colonization and longer metastasis-free survival. (lab-a-porter.com)
Here, we elucidated the role of Cathepsin C (CTSC) in promoting CRC metastasis. (bvsalud.org)
Interruption of this oncogenic loop may provide a promising treatment strategy for inhibiting CTSC-driven CRC metastasis. (bvsalud.org)

Wang J, Zheng M, Yang X, Zhou X, Zhang S. The Role of Cathepsin B in Pathophysiologies of Non-tumor and Tumor tissues: A Systematic Review. (jcancer.org)

Underneath a façade of an intracellular protease with limited therapeutic potential hides a central role of cathepsins in extracellular functions. (edu.rs)

Introduction The primary cause of prostate and breast cancer death is usually metastasis which is regulated by signaling pathways such as epithelial mesenchymal transition a dynamic process that promotes cell motility with decreased adhesive ability (1). (crispr-reagents.com)
Glucose metabolism promotes O-GlcNAcylation of the lysosome-encapsulated protease Cathepsin B at serine 210, mediated by lysosome-localized O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), elevating mature Cathepsin B in macrophages and its secretion in the tumor microenvironment (TME). (sciencenet.cn)

Nevertheless, a better understanding of the molecular events underlying the metastasis of IMPC will be important for its prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. (jcancer.org)
Since metastasis remains the primary reason for colorectal cancer (CRC) associated death, a better understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying CRC metastasis is urgently needed. (bvsalud.org)

Inhibiting the process of CTCS-induced NET formation could foil breast cancer cells and prevent them from establishing lung metastases. (lab-a-porter.com)
These findings set the stage for future research and potential treatments to prevent deadly lung metastasis in breast cancer. (lab-a-porter.com)
Brain metastases account for 20% of cancer deaths annually, a rate that can be traced to an increase in the median survival of patients with cancer because of modern therapies, increased availability of advanced imaging techniques for early detection, and vigilant surveillance protocols for monitoring recurrence. (medscape.com)
Metastases from systemic cancer can affect the brain parenchyma, its covering, and the skull. (medscape.com)
To further understand the potential significance of CD44 signalling to breast cancer metastasis, we established a tetracycline-regulated CD44 expression system in the minimally invasive, CD44-negative MCF7F cell line. (biomedcentral.com)
Also, cathepsin D or MUC1 secreting cells were successfully detected in breast cancer patients but not in healthy controls. (medscape.com)
The therapeutic efficacy of the scFvGPIIb/IIIa-MMAE was then tested in a mouse metastasis model of triple negative breast cancer. (monash.edu)
This predict the likelihood of a later recurrence, i.e., an indicator that unique longitudinal sample material was collected from each pa- allows risk assessment for breast cancer metastasis, would be tient between 0 and 36 mo after the primary operation. (lu.se)
This study investigates the role of YB-1 in mediating metastasis in highly invasive breast cancer cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
The association between YB-1 and coronin-1C offers a novel approach by which metastasis of breast cancer cells could be targeted and abrogated. (biomedcentral.com)
Breast cancer is the leading cancer that affects women around the world, where the majority of deaths due to this dreaded disease could be attributed to metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, the heterogeneous nature of breast cancer makes it difficult for identification of patients who are at risk of developing metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
Metastasis is the most common cause of death in cancer patients. (harvard.edu)
Melanoma is the most lethal skin cancer with most deaths occurring from distant metastases. (harvard.edu)
In fact, elevated levels of Cathepsins are found under different pathological conditions including inflammation, infection, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer. (edu.rs)
Our results demonstrate an important role of lysosomal proteolysis in cellular remodeling during EMT and a pivotal contribution of lysosomal cysteine cathepsins to TGFβ-1 induced acquisition of breast cancer cell invasiveness. (biomedcentral.com)
Metastasis is the major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in CRC. (biomedcentral.com)
Their increased glucose uptake fuels hexosamine biosynthetic pathway-dependent O-GlcNAcylation to promote cancer metastasis and chemoresistance. (sciencenet.cn)
Loss of OGT in macrophages reduces O-GlcNAcylation and mature Cathepsin B in the TME and disrupts cancer metastasis and chemoresistance. (sciencenet.cn)

Rationale: Platelets are increasingly recognized as mediators of tumor growth and metastasis. (monash.edu)
Lysosomal cysteine cathepsins contribute to proteolytic events promoting tumor growth and metastasis. (imi-muenchen.de)
The results obtained indicate that leupeptin may have suppressed tumor growth by lowering the tissue cathepsin B activity. (elsevierpure.com)
Our findings demonstrate that SPON2-driven M2-TAM infiltration plays an important role during CRC tumor growth and metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
PAR-1 also plays important roles in tumor growth and metastasis. (enzolifesciences.com)

Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for human cathepsin D". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. (wikipedia.org)

These web-like structures function to trap and destroy pathogens but have also been shown to play a role in promoting metastasis. (lab-a-porter.com)
Here we discuss the role of Cathepsin B in the oncogenic process and perspective the use of Cathepsin B for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. (edu.rs)
Moreover, this role is incredibly diverse from one condition to the next - from driving caspase-dependent apoptosis to facilitating tumor neovascularization and metastasis. (edu.rs)
These results recommend a significant role for inflammatory cells in promoting castration resistance and metastasis of PCa cells. (cathepsin-s.com)

The main function of cathepsin D is to degrade proteins and activate precursors of bioactive proteins in pre-lysosomal compartments. (wikipedia.org)
Epithelial immunospot (EPISPOT) is an antibody-based method for quantification of live CTCs by detection of CTCs which are capable of secreting proteins such as cathepsin D, MUC1 and CK19. (medscape.com)

Anatomy6

Organisms4

Diseases23

Chemicals and Drugs45

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment15

Phenomena and Processes12

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care3

Proteases10

Lymph node6

Inhibitor9

Invasion9

Progression7

Extracellular matrix2

Poor prognosis2

Vivo3

Decreased cell growt1

Inhibitors5

Presence of metastasis2

Enzymatic activity1

Lysosomes4

Tumors3

Bone15

Distant organs1

Prognosis2

Proteolytic enzymes1

CTSB4

Inhibition2

Overexpression2

Protein6

Metastatic2

Tumour4

Mammary1

Regulates1

TAMs2

Vitro2

CTSC4

Tissues1

Intracellular1

Promotes2

Better understanding of2

Cancer19

Growth5

CDNA1

Role4

Proteins2