• Zinc inhibits enzymes at unprecedented, minute concentrations - a new paradigm for the biological functions of metal ions. (ukri.org)
  • We will focus on two enzymes in particular, PTP-1B, which controls insulin and leptin signalling, and RPTP-beta, which is involved in angiogenesis. (ukri.org)
  • This chapter also emphasizes the usage of some prominent microorganisms, their secreted enzymes and their proposed mechanisms of action involved with the degradation of the waste products. (preprints.org)
  • Enzymes are involved in most reactions in nature. (lu.se)
  • Certain complex metal catalysts, for example, play a key role in the production of polyethylene and polypropylene. (en-academic.com)
  • In the Sanford lab, he studied the heterogenization of homogeneous catalysts inside metal-organic frameworks. (acs.org)
  • ii) "How generally applicable is the concept of single site catalysis" (iii) "Where can biocatalysts be usefully applied in the future" (iv) "Can precious metal catalysts really be replaced with earth abundant materials? (royalsociety.org)
  • Richard's work has offered insight into mechanisms of industrial catalysts, especially involving microporous materials and metal oxides. (royalsociety.org)
  • In both cases, the coordinated metal ions are probably the sites of catalytic activity. (en-academic.com)
  • We have identified protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), proteins critically involved in controlling cellular functions, as targets of zinc(II) ions. (ukri.org)
  • Nutritionally essential transition metal ions are structural and catalytic cofactors of proteins. (ukri.org)
  • They include measurement of zinc(II) ions with fluorescent chelating agents, control of zinc(II) ion concentrations with metal-buffering techniques, and kinetic inhibition analyses of PTPs. (ukri.org)
  • Both essential and non-essential metal ions can cause toxicity. (rsc.org)
  • The essential metal ions for humans are the bulk metals sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium and the trace metals manganese, iron, cobalt, copper, zinc and molybdenum, and, after outlining why they are required, we summarise the circumstances in which certain of them can be toxic. (rsc.org)
  • The toxicity of non-essential metal ions is a consequence of environmental exposure leading to their accumulation within the body, where they interfere with the functions of the essential metal ions. (rsc.org)
  • Metal toxicity 1 can be caused by both metal ions, which are considered to be essential for humans, like iron and copper, as well as by non-essential metals, like cadmium, lead and mercury, which are not at all necessary for life but which, when introduced into the human environment, can have toxic effects, often with disastrous consequences. (rsc.org)
  • So, we begin by asking what are the essential metal ions, why they are required, and under what circumstances certain of them can be toxic. (rsc.org)
  • We then discuss which are the non-essential metal ions which pose toxicity problems to the human population. (rsc.org)
  • For each of these two groups of metal ions, general chemical considerations and the basic principles involved in their toxicity are briefly considered, as well as how the metal ion is bound within cells or tissues, since this is a key element in devising strategies for its removal by chelation. (rsc.org)
  • Whereas essential metal ion toxicity can be attributed to accumulation of excessive concentrations of the metal ion, often in specific tissues or organs, the toxicity of non-essential metal ions is a consequence of environmental exposure leading to their accumulation within the body. (rsc.org)
  • There are around twenty five elements that are required by most biological systems, including an important number of metal ions. (rsc.org)
  • However, for humans, there are ten essential metal ions. (rsc.org)
  • The two essential alkali metal ions Na + and K + (together with H + and Cl − ) are only weakly bound to organic ligands and are extremely mobile. (rsc.org)
  • Metal complexes play a variety of important roles in biological systems. (en-academic.com)
  • Several important hydrometallurgical processes utilize metal complexes. (en-academic.com)
  • Differences in the stabilities and solubilities of the ammine complexes can be utilized in selective precipitation procedures that bring about separation of the metals. (en-academic.com)
  • His research interests are in the application of ultrafast X ray spectroscopy and scattering techniques to investigate atomic and electronic structural dynamics in condensed matter including transition-metal complexes, molecular dynamics in solution, and electronic phase transitions in correlated electron systems. (stanford.edu)
  • Such information is essential for accurate modeling and predictive synthesis of transition metal complexes relevant for applications ranging from catalysis to information storage technology. (stanford.edu)
  • For the Fe(II) carbene complexes investigated, small changes in the ligand structure influenced both what excited state (charge-transfer or metal-centred) that was mainly populated and the lifetime of the state. (lu.se)
  • Furthermore, for the Fe(II) complexes metal-centred states played a large role in the deactivation pathway but for the Fe(III) complexes this was not the case. (lu.se)
  • Abnormalities in the metabolism of the transition metals iron and copper have been demonstrated to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases. (drlauda.at)
  • While there is documented evidence for alterations in the homeostasis, redox-activity and localisation of transition metals, it is also important to realise that alterations in specific copper- and iron-containing metalloenzymes appear to play a crucial role in the neurodegenerative process. (drlauda.at)
  • The catalytic activity of RNase J is influenced by oligomerization, the choice and stoichiometry of metal cofactors, and the 5' phosphorylation state of the RNA substrate. (bvsalud.org)
  • The results will have the widest possible impact as PTPs and zinc are involved in yet many other fundamental cellular processes and chronic diseases. (ukri.org)
  • These reveal extensive overall structural similarity alongside a distinct active site topology that coordinates a metal cofactor. (bvsalud.org)
  • The reactions involving fluorescently labeled synthetic polyadenylated RNAs are subsequently analyzed using high-resolution denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Essential metal ion toxicity can be attributed to accumulation of excessive concentrations of the metal ion, often in specific tissues or organs. (rsc.org)
  • RNase J is involved in RNA maturation as well as degradation of RNA to the level of mononucleotides. (bvsalud.org)
  • any of a class of substances with chemical structures in which a central metal atom is surrounded by nonmetal atoms or groups of atoms, called ligands ( ligand ), joined to it by chemical bonds. (en-academic.com)
  • Such compounds have special electrical or chemical properties since their contributing elements are present in slightly different proportions to those predicted by chemical formula. (royalsociety.org)
  • The metal cofactor is essential for catalytic activity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Of these, four: sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium, can be considered as 'bulk elements', and together constitute approximately 99% of the metal ion content of the human body. (rsc.org)
  • Different methods to identify the nature of the bound metal cofactor, the binding affinity and stoichiometry are presented. (bvsalud.org)
  • Careful comparison of the experimental spectra with theory, extracts +2eV shifts in transition energies per valence hole, providing insight into correlated interactions of valence 3d with 3p and deeper-lying electrons. (stanford.edu)
  • Also, one Co(III) carbene complex was investigated which displays remarkable long lifetime and emission from a metal-centred state. (lu.se)
  • A number of non-essential metals, like cadmium, lead and mercury are not at all necessary for life but, when introduced into the human environment, they pose serious problems on account of their toxicity. (rsc.org)
  • Finally, we briefly review the sources and routes of exposure to metal toxicity, with particular reference to non-essential metals. (rsc.org)
  • He has for many years been involved in the exploitation of High Performance Computing in Modelling Materials. (royalsociety.org)
  • In this article, we examine not only the possible mechanism of disease but also how pharmaceuticals may intervene, from direct and indirect antioxidant therapy to strategies involving gene therapy. (drlauda.at)
  • Both types of metal toxicity can, in principle, be treated by the use of appropriate metal ion chelators. (rsc.org)
  • Both types of metal toxicity can, in principle, be treated by the use of appropriate metal ion chelators, and this constitutes the subject of this contribution to the RSC Metallobiology series. (rsc.org)
  • These regulators include canonical genes that control lipid metabolism as well as genes involved in ubiquitination, transcription, and mitochondrial function. (stanford.edu)
  • INTRODUCTION: Increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress may be involved in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). (drlauda.at)
  • We also provide a detailed purification strategy to obtain an RNase J enzyme sample with or without a metal cofactor. (bvsalud.org)
  • In unknown hydrogeological systems, the differentiation between total, anthropogenic, and geogenic Gd by interpolating rare earth element patterns requires complex sample pre-treatment and pre-concentration. (univie.ac.at)
  • The mechanisms by which organisms control transition metal ions and the roles of these metals in cellular regulation and signaling in health and disease are of principal interest. (nih.gov)
  • After its synthesis, Moco is distributed, involving Moco-binding proteins. (nih.gov)
  • These areas are linked by the need to involve researchers having a deep understanding of inorganic chemistry in medically relevant research. (nih.gov)
  • The purpose of this program announcement (PA) is to increase the number of biomedical scientists who are pursuing research involving human embryonic stem cells (HESCs). (nih.gov)
  • Enzymes are involved in most reactions in nature. (lu.se)
  • The results will be relevant to understanding the mechanisms of metal handling by biological systems and the basic cellular roles underlying the nutritional requirement for e ssential metals. (nih.gov)
  • Other mechanisms relating to this announcement will continue to be accepted using paper PHS 398 applications until the stated expiration date below, or transition to electronic application submission. (nih.gov)
  • Much of the work is expected to involve collaborations including chemists, biologists, and medical researchers. (nih.gov)