• Existing evidence suggests that impaired vitamin D metabolism may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. (gwu.edu)
  • We did not find evidence linking impaired vitamin D metabolism with increased subclinical atherosclerosis in type 1 diabetes. (gwu.edu)
  • These conditions may result in failure of osteoid calcification (rickets) in children because of a disruption in the pathway of either vitamin D or phosphate metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • Though alterations in the NAD + to nicotinamide ratio and the NAD + to NADH ratio are anticipated by models to account for the effects of calorie restriction, the nature of a putative change in NAD + metabolism requires analytical definition and quantification of the key metabolites. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this review, we summarize current knowledge about vitamin D metabolism in general, its role in diabetes mellitus (mainly type 2) and diabetic complications (mainly diabetic kidney disease), and potential therapeutic perspectives including vitamin D signalling as a druggable target. (karger.com)
  • Braakman and Smith describe specific features of metabolism and sub-divide helper metabolites by their functions. (sciencedaily.com)
  • For example, vitamin B9, a complex molecule in the 'cofactor' class, facilitates the (otherwise unstable) incorporation of one-carbon compounds into metabolism. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Lower plasma alpha-carboxyethyl-hydroxychroman after deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol supplementation suggests decreased vitamin E metabolism in smokers. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Vitamin E, nuclear receptors and xenobiotic metabolism. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Parathyroid hormone facilitates the 1-hydroxylation step in vitamin D metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • Thiamine, or vitamin B1, is involved in a number of functions in the body, including nervous system (axonal conduction) and muscular functioning (electrolyte flow in these cells), carbohydrate metabolism, enzymatic processes, and production of hydrochloric acid needed for digestion. (medscape.com)
  • Vitamin D has been found to be involved in glucose metabolism in recent years. (bvsalud.org)
  • This narrative review delves into the intricate relationships between Hcy, vitamin B metabolites, dopamine-substituting compounds, and various symptoms of PD. (lu.se)
  • While it's logical to assume that facing such perils would diminish plants' nutritional quality for human consumption, the xenohormesis theory proposes the opposite: Essentially, researchers have found that what doesn't kill plants likely makes them stronger - and fills them with compounds called secondary metabolites that benefit us as consumers. (discovermagazine.com)
  • DIM is an indole phytochemical that is a natural metabolite of compounds found in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and cabbage. (vitanetonline.com)
  • Bile is isosmotic with plasma and consists primarily of water and electrolytes but also organic compounds: bile salts, phospholipids (mostly lecithin), cholesterol, bilirubin, and other endogenously produced or ingested compounds, such as proteins that regulate gastrointestinal function and drugs or their metabolites. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Bile salts are also biologic detergents that enable the body to excrete cholesterol and potentially toxic compounds (eg, bilirubin, drug metabolites). (msdmanuals.com)
  • it was one of the first compounds to be described as a vitamin. (medscape.com)
  • While most T cell subsets have TCRs that recognize peptide or lipid-based antigens in association with MHC or CD1, MAIT cells are unique in that they recognize small molecules created through the process of vitamin B2 (riboflavin) and B9 (folic acid) biosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • MAIT cells are an invariant type of T cell that respond to microbial derived metabolites from riboflavin synthesis presented by the non-polymorphic MHC class I related molecule (MR1) ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Patients undergoing a long-term L-dopa/dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor (DDI) regimen, especially without a concurrent catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) inhibitor or methyl group-donating vitamin supplementation, such as vitamins B6 and B12, exhibit an elevation in Hcy and a decline in vitamin B metabolites. (lu.se)
  • In light of these findings, we advocate for the supplementation of methyl group-donating vitamins, notably B6 and B12, in patients undergoing a high-dose L-dopa/DDI regimen, particularly those treated with L-dopa/carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) infusion. (lu.se)
  • Studies revealed that supplementation of 5, 7 and lOJLg/ml vitamin E succinate significantly inhibited BL6 cell growth, while in LLCMK cells no significant increase or decrease in growth was observed. (ru.ac.za)
  • Studies have suggested a radical or oxidant involvement in a number of degenerative diseases such as cancer, and that supplementation of antioxidant vitamins such as vitamin E may function to reduce cancer cell growth by quenching free radical species and preventing lipid peroxidation. (ru.ac.za)
  • Hence, this study investigated the effects of vitamin E succinate supplementation on free radical and lipid peroxidation levels, as well as the activities of various enzymes and metabolites ill the eicosanoid pathway. (ru.ac.za)
  • Supplementation of l-lOjLg/ml vitamin E succinate resulted in an overall increase in phospholipase A2 activity while cyclooxygenase and adenyl ate cyclase activities were found to be significantly increased at vitamin E succinate concentrations of 7 and WjLg/ml respectively. (ru.ac.za)
  • Another factor which could account for elevated PLA2,-5-LOX and COX activities in BL6 cells as a result of vitamin E succinate supplementation, was that of intracellular calcium levels. (ru.ac.za)
  • Supplementation of BL6 cells with 1-7 jLg/ml vitamin E succinate resulted in an overall increase in intracellular calcium levels. (ru.ac.za)
  • Since the rate of prostaglandin synthesis is controlled by phospholipase A2 activity, and net prostagiandin production is dependant on cyclooxygenase activity, the effects of vitamin E succinate supplementation on prostaglandin levels in BL6 cells was determined. (ru.ac.za)
  • Vitamin E succinate supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in prostaglandin D2 levels at vitamin E succinate concentrations of 3, 5, 7 and lOjLg/ml respectively, while prostaglandin F2a levels were significantly decreased at 1-10jLg/ml vitamin E succinate. (ru.ac.za)
  • Depending on exposure to sun, diet and supplementation, the average vitamin D content in breast milk is very variable. (e-lactancia.org)
  • 3 ] Vitamin A deficiency is not uncommon, and maternal supplementation may be needed during lactation to achieve the recommended daily vitamin A intake. (nih.gov)
  • Maternal vitamin A supplementation during pregnancy and lactation has not reduced mortality or the risk of anemia in breastfed infants living in developing regions, but there may be health benefits related to improved antioxidant capacity and immune function. (nih.gov)
  • Supplementation with vitamin D has been demonstrated to reduce the incidence of acute respiratory tract infections.In addition, data from around the world indicate that low vitamin D status correlates with increased incidence and severity of, and mortality from, COVID-19. (creighton.edu)
  • Supplementation to improve vitamin D status and support immunity is recommended by experts in nutrition and immunity.However, optimization of vitamin D status can take months with the currently available forms of vitamin D. (creighton.edu)
  • 2011. Vitamin C supplementation lowers urinary levels of 4-hydroperoxy-2-nonenal metabolites in humans. . (oregonstate.edu)
  • Heart disease and single-vitamin supplementation. (oregonstate.edu)
  • In the United States, dairy milk is fortified with vitamin D (400 IU/L). Human milk contains little vitamin D, generally less than 20-40 IU/L. Therefore, infants who are breastfed are at risk for rickets, especially those who receive no oral supplementation and those who have darkly pigmented skin, which blocks penetration of ultraviolet light. (medscape.com)
  • Multivariate linear regression indicated that higher intake of milk and yogurt, calcium or vitamin D supplementation, and longer time of outdoor activity were positively linked to higher serum 25(OH)D3, while higher intake of candy and higher UV protection index were negatively associated with serum 25(OH)D3, after adjusted for age, gender, region of original residence, latitudes, longitude and BMI. (bvsalud.org)
  • Public health policies should focus on these changeable lifestyles and consider well-balanced guidelines on UV protection and vitamin D supplementation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mechanistically, acetate-induced DC expression of Aldh1a2, which converts Vitamin A into its metabolite retinoic acid (RA). (nature.com)
  • The data presented is related to the research article "Analysis of multiple vitamin D metabolites by ultra performance supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPSFC-MS/MS)" (Jenkinson et al. (sun.ac.za)
  • This article will include data obtained from method development, optimization and analysis of multiple vitamin D metabolites on an ultra performance supercritical fluid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (UPSFC-MS/MS). This includes chromatograms from column screening to confirm the most suitable column for analyte separation. (sun.ac.za)
  • A rapid method for the separation of vitamin D and its metabolites by ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry. (lu.se)
  • We tested associations of circulating vitamin D metabolite concentrations with subclinical atherosclerosis among 1,193 participants with type 1 diabetes in the DCCT/EDIC study. (gwu.edu)
  • We hypothesized that lower concentrations of each vitamin D metabolite would be associated with increased risk of CAC and greater carotid IMT. (gwu.edu)
  • The prevalence and severity of CAC tended to be lower-not higher-with lower concentrations of each vitamin D metabolite. (gwu.edu)
  • The absorbed vitamin is found ubiquitously in body tissues, with the highest concentrations in glandular tissue and the lowest concentrations in muscle and stored fat. (medscape.com)
  • When body tissue or plasma concentrations of vitamin C are low, excretion of the vitamin is decreased. (medscape.com)
  • Vitamin D analogues with high potency, low calcemic effects, and independence from hepatic hydroxylation are possible interventions. (springer.com)
  • Vitamin D analogues that are independent of hepatic hydroxylation constitute an investigational opportunity to supplement current management of autoimmune hepatitis. (springer.com)
  • The first hydroxylation occurs at position 25 in the liver, producing calcidiol (25-hydroxycholecalciferol), which circulates in the plasma as the most abundant of the vitamin D metabolites and is thought to be a good indicator of overall vitamin D status. (medscape.com)
  • A decrease in cell growth was found to be accompanied by a concomitant increase rather than a decrease in the levels of free radicals and lipid peroxidation, suggesting that the growth inhibitory effects of vitamin E succinate on BL6 cells in vitro was not due to its antioxidant properties associated with the vitamin E component, but rather due to one or more of its other potential roles within the cell. (ru.ac.za)
  • In contrast, 3-MSF-3′,4,4′,5-tetraCB, one of the most potent AHH inhibitors among 11 PCB metabolites showed various inhibitory effects depending upon the origin of the microsomes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Hence, this study investigated the role of vitamin E succinate in modulating the activity of various enzymes and secondary messengers in the eicosanoid pathway. (ru.ac.za)
  • The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • Among these secondary metabolites are vitamins and polyphenols. (discovermagazine.com)
  • This spectrum of disease usually presents in the absence of any changes in red blood cell indices and is easily misdiagnosed since serum levels of vitamin are in the "normal" range. (bmj.com)
  • Most of the studies of oral vitamin B12 therapy used serum levels of vitamin and its metabolites as the markers of response to therapy. (bmj.com)
  • Plasma ascorbic acid level may help in establishing the diagnosis, but this level tends to reflect the recent dietary intake rather than the actual tissue levels of vitamin C. Signs of scurvy can occur with low-normal serum levels of vitamin C. (medscape.com)
  • If the enzyme that controls either of these steps is deficient because of a mutation, vitamin D function is less than normal. (medscape.com)
  • Autonomic dysfunction resulting in long- and short-term heart rate variability has been found to be significantly lower in vitamin-B12 deficient subjects compared to controls (4,5). (bmj.com)
  • Vitamin D deficiency rickets occurs when the metabolites of vitamin D are deficient. (medscape.com)
  • Vitamin D is a lipid-soluble hormone and micronutrient whose primary function is to regulate calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. (karger.com)
  • Evidence linking sunlight, vitamin D, and the risk of multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes is summarized to develop the thesis that vitamin D is the environmental factor that most strongly influences autoimmune disease development. (frontiersin.org)
  • Coincident with vitamin D 3 disappearance a more polar labeled metabolite appeared with chromatographic and other properties identical with those of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol. (jci.org)
  • 55% of bioactivity was found in the chromatographic fraction corresponding to 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 44% in the fractions representing vitamin D 3 . (jci.org)
  • Ultra high-performance liquid chromatographic (UHPLC) separation of Vitamin D Metabolites― 3-epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D2, using Supel™ Carbon LC column with baseline separation, excellent peak shape, and sensitivity. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Baker's yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ). (ebi.ac.uk)
  • Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • The initial step in the metabolic activation process is the introduction of a hydroxyl group at the side chain at C-25 by the hepatic enzyme, CYP 27 (a vitamin D-25-hydroxylase). (medscape.com)
  • 2019. The relationship between vitamin C status, the gut-liver axis, and metabolic syndrome. . (oregonstate.edu)
  • There were 108 significantly changed metabolites in F1 Early-VDD at the 8th week, of which 63 were enriched in known metabolic pathways. (bvsalud.org)
  • Moreover, some of the changes in microbiota, metabolites, and enriched metabolic pathways still existed in F1 Early-VDD rats at the 18th week and F2 Early-VDD rats at the 8th week. (bvsalud.org)
  • Throughout this study, emphasis was placed on BL6 melanoma cells since the magnitude of the relationship between LLCMK growth and the levels of various enzymes and metabolites in the eicosanoid pathway varied considerably from one experiment to another and did not show the consistent trend found with the BL6 cells. (ru.ac.za)
  • The suggestion that vitamin E succinate modulates membrane bound enzyme activities was further strengthened by uptake and cellular distribution studies, which showed significantly higher levels of vitamin E succinate in membrane fractions of BL6 cells when compared with stroma fractions. (ru.ac.za)
  • Where conventional blood sampling is challenging, dried blood spots (DBS) provide a practical sample alternative for measuring vitamin D levels. (edu.au)
  • Unlike the fat-soluble vitamins, they are not stored in the body and need to be replenished regularly in the diet and will rarely accumulate to toxic levels since they are quickly excreted from the body via urine. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • DNA methylation changes associated with cancer risk factors and blood levels of vitamin metabolites in a prospective study. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We also investigated whether blood levels of vitamin metabolites modify DNA methylation levels in blood cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • While no clear association between DNA methylation patterns and the case/control status was found, with the exception of RASSF1A hypermethylation, methylation level changed according to serum levels of 1-carbon metabolites and vitamins B. Overall, folate was associated with increased methylation levels of RASSF1A and MTHFR and methionine was associated with decreased methylation levels of RASSF1A. (ox.ac.uk)
  • However, long-term MET use in diabetics is associated with lower serum levels of total vitamin B 12 . (mdpi.com)
  • Functional" vitamin B12 deficiency is a syndrome where a wide variety of symptoms in the presence of "normal" serum levels of the vitamin respond to vitamin B12 therapy. (bmj.com)
  • Indeed, short-term fluctuations in HCy and MMA levels may also result in normal levels of these metabolites, thus obscuring the deficiency. (bmj.com)
  • In this study, only 16% of patients with clinical response to cobalamin therapy had low serum levels of the vitamin and values were above 300pg/mL in 54% of cases. (bmj.com)
  • Both metabolite levels were normal in 21% of cases. (bmj.com)
  • A meta-analysis from 2017 connected low levels of vitamin D with a higher risk of respiratory tract infections [ 7 ]. (karger.com)
  • 2 , 15 , 16 ] Vitamin A partitions into milk fat and milk retinol levels are positively correlated with milk fat. (nih.gov)
  • Taking vitamin B6 by mouth reduces levels of prolactin in males with this condition. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Title : One-carbon metabolite levels in mid-pregnancy and risks of conotruncal heart defects Personal Author(s) : Shaw, Gary M.;Yang, Wei;Carmichael, Suzan L.;Vollset, Stein Emil;Hobbs, Charlotte A.;Lammer, Edward J.;Ueland, Per M. (cdc.gov)
  • Vitamin D has to be metabolically activated in the kidney, and patients with CKD including diabetic kidney disease (DKD) are not able to produce enough of the active form of vitamin D (1,25(OH) 2 D). Vice versa, the kidneys are assumed to be a classical 1,25(OH) 2 D target. (karger.com)
  • This active form of vitamin D can inhibit immune cell proliferation, promote an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile, expand regulatory T cells, enhance glucocorticoid actions, increase glutathione production, and inhibit hepatic stellate cells. (springer.com)
  • Buy Ester-C. Get advanced active immune support with the one and only Ester-C®. Ester-C® is a non-acidic, easily absorbed form of Vitamin C. (puritan.com)
  • Unique Gentle Form of Vitamin C. (giftespot.com)
  • 25-hydroxyvitamin D is the predominant circulating form of vitamin D found in the bloodstream, and is the form measured by medical professionals to determine a person's vitamin D status. (creighton.edu)
  • Yet, vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are very common across the globe and are connected to many pathophysiological states, for example, diabetes mellitus, allergies, autoimmune diseases, pregnancy complications, and recently have also been associated with worse COVID-19 clinical outcomes. (karger.com)
  • Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are also more common across type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. (karger.com)
  • In addition to its antioxidant role in a cell, vitamin E is believed to modulate the activities of various enzymes and metabolites in the eicosanoid pathway. (ru.ac.za)
  • This proposal was further strengthened by findings that vitamin E succinate, a non-physiological antioxidant in its esterified form, did not undergo significant cleavage to free vitamin E in the BL6 cells. (ru.ac.za)
  • Antioxidant capabilities were quantified relative to Trolox, a vitamin E analog. (confex.com)
  • Vitamin D has immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-fibrotic actions that may impact on the occurrence and outcome of immune-mediated disease. (springer.com)
  • 1 ] Vitamin A in milk has antioxidant properties. (nih.gov)
  • Vitamin E, antioxidant and nothing more. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Any metabolite (endogenous or exogenous) found in human blood serum samples. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • The human body lacks the ability to synthesize and make vitamin C and therefore depends on exogenous dietary sources to meet vitamin C needs.The body's pool of vitamin C can be depleted in 1-3 months. (medscape.com)
  • Chromatogram data from UHPLC vitamin D analysis is also presented in order to compare the separation and elution of vitamin D metabolites using UPSFC and UHPLC. (sun.ac.za)
  • We reported here that microbiota metabolite short-chain fatty acid acetate promoted intestinal IgA responses, which was mediated by "metabolite-sensing" GPR43. (nature.com)
  • Our studies thus identified a new pathway by which microbiota promotes intestinal IgA response through its metabolites. (nature.com)
  • Correlations between gut microbiota and metabolites were analyzed. (bvsalud.org)
  • This effect may be partly achieved by regulating gut microbiota and their co-metabolites. (bvsalud.org)
  • Vitamin D2 (also called ergocalciferol) is found primarily in mushrooms, plants, and yeast [3]. (creighton.edu)
  • Vitamin E succinate is believed to modulate membrane bound enzyme activities through physicochemical interactions with membrane lipids and changes in membrane fluidity. (ru.ac.za)
  • Fecal samples (3x/week) were collected from November and December (pre-breeding season, no diet change), February through May (breeding season, diet change) and June (post-breeding season, diet change) and analyzed for fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGM) via a corticosterone enzyme immunoassay (EIA). (czaw.org)
  • It is suggested that vitamin C is directly bound to the substrate BP, to cytochrome P-450 itself or to the substrate-enzyme complex, thus lowering the rate of AHH reaction, and that the mechanisms of inhibition of AHH and suppression of mutagenicity by vitamin C are different from those of PCB metabolites. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Additional enzyme blends (Thera-blend™) further enhance the utilization of vitamins and minerals. (vitacost.com)
  • Enzyme Nutrition is the only multi-vitamin - powered by enzymes! (vitacost.com)
  • Vitamin D deficiency has been commonly present in patients with immune-mediated liver and non-liver diseases, and it has been associated with histological severity, advanced hepatic fibrosis, and non-response to conventional glucocorticoid therapy in autoimmune hepatitis. (springer.com)
  • People commonly use vitamin B6 for preventing and treating vitamin B6 deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Although scurvy is uncommon, it still occurs and can affect adults and children who have chronic dietary vitamin C deficiency (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • Scurvy occurs after vitamin C has been eliminated from the diet for at least 3 months and when the body pool falls below 350 mg. (medscape.com)
  • A product in capsule, tablet or liquid form that provide essential nutrients, such as a vitamin, an essential mineral, a protein, an herb, or similar nutritional substance. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • Overall, a balanced diet should include both energy-providing nutrients like protein and micronutrients like vitamins and minerals, Rupasinghe notes. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Our study aimed to develop and evaluate a clinical pathology service-based assay suitable for measuring vitamin D in batches of DBS samples collected remote to the testing site. (edu.au)
  • This simple and rapid DBS-based LC-MS/MS assay accurately quantified serum vitamin D metabolites using a paired-sample 'bridging strategy' to correct for the inherent sample-method bias. (edu.au)
  • As the authors state, using serum cobalamin assay to diagnosis vitamin B12 deficiency has its limitations. (bmj.com)
  • Improved HPLC assay for measuring serum vitamin C with 1-methyluric acid used as an electrochemically active internal standard. (cdc.gov)
  • 25-OHD (25-hydroxyvitamin D), the major circulating metabolite of vitamin D, was measured in serum by competitive protein-binding (CPB) assay and radioimmunoassay kit (Nichols, San Juan Capistrano, California). (who.int)
  • Whole blood is the preferred specimen (as opposed to plasma or serum), as 90% of vitamin B1 in whole blood is thiamine diphosphate (the biologically active form) and 80% of thiamine in whole blood is found in red blood cells. (medscape.com)
  • Kingsley, Selena and Chouinard, Christopher D., "Investigation of Vitamin D Metabolites using Different Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry (IM-MS) Methods" (2023). (clemson.edu)
  • The reverse mutations of Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 induced by benzo[a]pyrene (BP) were suppressed by about 90% by vitamin C (1500 μg/plate). (elsevierpure.com)
  • The total body pool of vitamin C is approximately 1500 mg. (medscape.com)
  • Despite the significant effort in the last century to eradicate or minimize vitamin D deficiency among the population, especially children, there is still a high prevalence for vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency worldwide [ 1, 2 ]. (karger.com)
  • Deficiency or insufficiency in any of these vitamins can negatively affect immune function and can increase the susceptibility to infection. (creighton.edu)
  • Cord blood metabolites and rapid postnatal growth as multiple mediators in the prenatal propensity to childhood overweight. (who.int)
  • Beta-carotene from vitamin supplements is one-half as potent as retinol. (nih.gov)
  • One mcg of beta-carotene from vitamin supplements is therefore equal to 0.5 mcg retinol (see the LactMed beta-carotene record). (nih.gov)
  • This data will highlight the outputs that aid in method development and identifying the separation technique suited for vitamin D quantitation. (sun.ac.za)
  • a vitamin C deficiency results in impaired collagen synthesis. (medscape.com)
  • We can only speculate the reasons behind lack of response to oral vitamin B12 and it may be that cobalamin somehow undergoes a transformation in the portal circulation so is made less able to be internalized by the cells and only when cobalamin is able to bypass portal circulation, the cells internalize it. (bmj.com)
  • However, it has much broader effects mediated by genomic (vitamin D directly or indirectly influences expression of up to 2,000 genes) as well as non-genomic mechanisms [ 1 ]. (karger.com)
  • Four normal men were injected intravenously with physiological doses (6 μg) of vitamin D 3 -1,2- 3 H. Serial samples of plasma were collected for 50 days. (jci.org)
  • A similar half-life was seen in a fifth subject, injected with 80 μg of vitamin D 3 - 3 H. Most (approximately 92%) of the plasma total radioactivity was represented by this component throughout the study. (jci.org)
  • The 25OHD3 metabolite was detected in all DBS samples, 3-epi-25OHD3 in six plasma (range 2.1-6.3 nmol/L) and paired DBS samples, and 25OHD2 was not detected. (edu.au)
  • One study identified a genetic polymorphism of the human plasma protein haptoglobin, Hp 2, which may be an important non-nutritional modifying factor in the pathogenesis of vitamin C deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • Vitamin D status is independently associated with plasma glutathione and cysteine thiol/disulphide redox status in adults. (springer.com)
  • Longitudinal associations of plasma metabolites with persistent fatigue among colorectal cancer survivors up to 2 years after treatment. (who.int)
  • Vitamin A (retinol) measurements are expressed in the literature as mcg, IU, or micromoles. (nih.gov)
  • The analyses of retinol (vitamin A) and a-tocopherol (vitamin E) were performed according to Shearer [4] and Bieri et al. (who.int)
  • Vitamin D is a hormone regulating not only calcium and phosphate homeostasis but also, at the same time, exerting many other extraskeletal functions via genomic effects (gene transcription) and probably by non-genomic effects as well. (karger.com)
  • Ester-C is a unique, breakthrough Vitamin C formula containing naturally occurring metabolites. (allstarhealth.com)
  • Ester-C® is a breakthrough patented Vitamin C formula supported with naturally occurring metabolites. (puritan.com)
  • Non-acidic Ester-C® is a breakthrough patented formula that contains naturally-occurring Vitamin C metabolites and is quickly absorbed. (giftespot.com)
  • We first used a linear mixed effects model to identify the important fixed effects among meat treatment, vitamin E treatment, age class (juvenile or adult), and all possible interactions on each hormone. (czaw.org)
  • Gene-environment interactions, sunlight and vitamin D, and T lymphocytes as autoimmune disease initiators and vitamin D targets are discussed to explain the rationale for reviewing vitamin D mechanisms in T cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Emerging evidence suggests that the host can sense gut bacterial metabolites in addition to pathogen-associated molecular patterns and that recognition of these small molecules influences host immune response in the intestines and beyond. (nature.com)
  • Vitamin D receptors are expressed on the principal cell populations involved in the innate and adaptive immune responses. (springer.com)
  • In conclusion, vitamin D has properties that could ameliorate immune-mediated disease, and vitamin D deficiency has been a common finding in immune-mediated liver and non-liver diseases, including autoimmune hepatitis. (springer.com)
  • The vitamin D connection to pediatric infections and immune function. (springer.com)
  • Kamen DL, Tangpricha V. Vitamin D and molecular actions on the immune system: modulation of innate and autoimmunity. (springer.com)
  • Metabolites help enhance the retention of Vitamin C by your white blood cells, an important part of your immune system. (allstarhealth.com)
  • Ester-C® stays in your white blood cells for up to 24 hours, which is longer than regular vitamin C. White blood cells are an important part of your immune system. (puritan.com)
  • Vitamin D is well-understood to support the immune system, including the defense against viral infections. (creighton.edu)
  • At present, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 is not available as a dietary supplement in the United States.If it were available, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 could more rapidly and effectively optimize vitamin D status and support immune function. (creighton.edu)
  • Vitamin D is an essential, fat soluble vitamin that historically has been associated with bone health, but it also plays fundamental roles in supporting the immune system. (creighton.edu)
  • A wide variety of immune cells have vitamin D receptors that, once engaged, profoundly alter cellular function. (creighton.edu)
  • Vitamin D inhibits proliferation and profibrotic marker expression in hepatic stellate cells and decreases thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in rats. (springer.com)
  • Vitamin D inhibits development of liver fibrosis in an animal model but cannot ameliorate established cirrhosis. (springer.com)
  • Genetic polymorphism of cytochrome P450 4F2, vitamin E level and histological response in adults and children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease who participated in PIVENS and TONIC clinical trials. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Ultraviolet light or cod liver oil was the only significant source of vitamin D until early in the 20th century when ergosterol (vitamin D-2) was synthesized from irradiated plant steroids. (medscape.com)
  • Dankers W, Colin EM, van Hamburg JP, Lubberts E. Vitamin D in autoimmunity: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential. (springer.com)
  • This review summarizes and integrates research on vitamin D and CD4 + T-lymphocyte biology to develop new mechanistic insights into the molecular etiology of autoimmune disease. (frontiersin.org)
  • Finally, unanswered questions relating to vitamin D mechanisms in CD4 + T cells are highlighted to promote further research that may lead to a deeper understanding of autoimmune disease molecular etiology. (frontiersin.org)
  • The results constrain the possible mechanisms by which calorie restriction may regulate Sir2 and suggest that provision of vitamins and calorie restriction extend lifespan by different mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)