ProstaglandinSynthesisLTB4Polyunsaturated fattyMediatorsSecondary metabolitesDifferential metabolitesInhibitionArachidonic acid metabPotentPathwayEicosanoidsBiosynthesisEncodesEosinophilsCysLTsInhibitorsTissueInducesIncubationEnzymesAbstractSignificantlyEosinophilGenePatientsProductionFormationInfectionReductionInductionSignificantCellsTotalActive
Prostaglandin7
- As inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis and leukotriene B4 biosynthesis, some depsides have in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. (wikipedia.org)
- The excessive amounts of n-6 fatty acids in our food have led to excessive production of inflammatory factors such as the arachidonic acid metabolites prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4. (ergo-log.com)
- Significant reductions in prostaglandin E 2 , leukotriene B 4 , and leukotriene C 4 produced by stimulated monocytes were seen after 12 weeks of GLA supplementation. (utmb.edu)
- Because cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) dependent prostaglandin synthesis is implicated in preterm birth, we evaluated effects of mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), the active metabolite of DEHP, on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis and COX expression in human placental macrophages (PM). In addition, responses in PM were compared to those in a human macrophage-like cell line, THP-1. (biomedcentral.com)
- Because this reaction to aspirin is not associated with any evidence of allergic sensitization to aspirin or its metabolites and because it is produced by any of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, it is thought to result from inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase (cyclooxygenase), shifting arachidonic acid metabolism from the prostaglandin to the leukotriene pathway. (brainkart.com)
- Lungs and AM were analysed for pro- and anti-inflammatory lipid mediators, namely leukotriene B 4 (LTB 4 ), prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), 15(S)-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (15(S)-HETE), lipoxin A 4 (LXA 4 ) and oxidative stress marker 8-isoprostane by enzyme immunoassays and immunohistochemistry. (biomedcentral.com)
- Consumption of omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil forms leukotrienes and prostaglandins that are of odd-number, such as prostaglandin E3 and leukotriene B5, which oppose the even-numbered inflammatory mediators, decreasing overall inflammation. (ethicare.in)
Synthesis4
- Patients with severe pruritus may benefit from treatment with zileuton, which blocks the synthesis of leukotriene B4, a compound that, along with its omega-hydroxy metabolite, probably gives rise to the itching. (medscape.com)
- Leukotriene synthesis was further enhanced by glucocorticoids and remained elevated at 3-5 months, but had returned to baseline at 12 months post SARS-CoV-2 infection. (nature.com)
- Oxysterol 7alpha-hydroxylase has broad substrate specificity for sterol metabolites and may be involved in many metabolic processes including bile acid synthesis and neurosteroid metabolism. (omeka.net)
- Because of the evidence of leukotriene involvement in many inflammatory diseases and in anaphylaxis, consid-erable effort has been expended on the development of drugs that block the synthesis of these arachidonic acid derivatives or their receptors. (brainkart.com)
LTB41
- Furthermore, DS patients with PD presented high levels of 5-LO expression, suggesting the presence of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in PD, thus demonstrating that the changes in NE function due to the elevation of inflammatory mediators contribute to PD. (bvsalud.org)
Polyunsaturated fatty1
- Eicosanoids are bioactive metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with key roles in infection and inflammation 8 . (nature.com)
Mediators5
- Leukotrienes (LT) constitute a group of potent biologically active arachidonic acid-derived metabolites (AA) that are implicated as mediators of immediate hypersensitivity reactions and inflammation. (fapesp.br)
- Considerable progress has been made on leukotriene research with regard to the characterization of the biological, pharmacological, and pathophysiological actions of these potent mediators and with this work, we intend to complement the knowledge about immune response in tuberculosis, as well provide understanding for the application of lipid mediators as therapeutic adjuvant against infectious diseases. (fapesp.br)
- Tissue injury, allergens or microbes activate formation and release of arachidonic acid-derived lipid mediators, such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes, which regulate early events in the inflammatory response. (biomedcentral.com)
- In general, the host response to bacterial stimuli leads to a cascade of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines (TNF-α), chemokines (IL-8) as well as prostaglandins and leukotrienes, which are metabolites from arachidonic acid. (bvsalud.org)
- Lavage fluid from the lumen of the asthmatic airway contains numerous mediators including histamine, prostaglandins (predominantly PGD2 and PGF2), leukotrienes, kinins, kallikrein, and eosinophil derived major basic protein. (edu.pk)
Secondary metabolites1
- Metabolomics analysis detected many primary and secondary metabolites. (bvsalud.org)
Differential metabolites1
- The identified differential metabolites included arachidonic acid derivatives, omega-3 fatty acids, omega-6 fatty acids, and omega-9 fatty acids that were related to unsaturated fatty acid metabolism, which plays a role in the inflammatory responses. (biomedcentral.com)
Inhibition1
- These studies have also demonstrated clinical improvement associated with inhibition of leukotriene B4 production in peripheral leukocytes in vitro, decreases in platelet malondialdehyde production, changes in abnormalities of erythrocyte lipid membrane pattern, and increase in leukotriene B5 to leukotriene B4 ratio in peripheral blood neutrophils. (ethicare.in)
Arachidonic acid metab1
- PGD 2 has been identified as the main metabolite of arachidonic acid metabolism by the cyclooxygenase pathway in mast cells. (ersjournals.com)
Potent2
- The human liver CYP4F2 gene (Accession No. AF221943) encodes a leukotriene B(4) omega-hydroxylase that metabolizes leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) to a less potent proinflammatory eicosanoid, 20-OH-LTB(4). (omeka.net)
- Leukotriene B 4 (LTB 4 ) is a potent neutrophil chemoattractant, and LTC 4 and LTD 4 exert many effects known to occur in asthma, including bronchoconstriction, increased bron-chial reactivity, mucosal edema, and mucus hypersecretion. (brainkart.com)
Pathway3
- Eicosanoids are formed from arachidonic acid (AA) through different enzymatic pathways, including the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway, synthesizing prostanoids and the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) pathway, generating leukotrienes (LTs) 8 . (nature.com)
- Pathway maps where this metabolite is represented are listed here. (umassmed.edu)
- Support for this idea was provided by the demonstration that leukotriene pathway inhibitors impressively reduce the response to aspirin challenge and improve overall control of asthma on a day-to-day basis. (brainkart.com)
Eicosanoids2
- MDM from convalescent SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals showed a downregulation of pro-resolving factors and an increased production of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids, particularly 5-lipoxygenase-derived leukotrienes. (nature.com)
- Certain eicosanoids ( leukotrienes B4 and C4 ) are proinflammatory whereas others ( resolvins , protectins) are antiinflammatory and are involved in the resolution process which follows tissue injury. (wikipedia.org)
Biosynthesis2
- Depsides as non-redox inhibitors of leukotriene B4 biosynthesis and HaCaT cell growth, 2. (wikipedia.org)
- The pathways of tyrosine metabolism, biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids, and metabolism of 2-oxocarboxylic acids enriched 17 distinct metabolites. (bvsalud.org)
Encodes1
- Among these, CYP4F3 gene, which encodes the leukotriene B4 -hydroxylase, was up-regulated consistently among all patients. (cdc.gov)
Eosinophils2
- Although eosinophils produce cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) in large quantities, information on the relationship between CysLTs and eosinophilic pneumonia (EP) is lacking. (ersjournals.com)
- Leukotrienes result from the action of 5-lipoxygenase on arachidonic acid and are synthesized by a variety of inflammatory cells in the airways, including eosinophils, mast cells, macrophages, and basophils. (brainkart.com)
CysLTs1
- Resident and recruited macrophages in the lung produce high levels of cysteinyl LTs (cysLTs) and leukotriene B 4 (LTB 4 ), thereby promoting granulocyte infiltration, airway inflammation and tissue remodeling 8 . (nature.com)
Inhibitors2
- The reaction is inhibited by pyrazole and 4‐methylpyrazole, inhibitors of alcohol dehydrogenase, and by substrates of the enzyme such as ethanol and 20‐hydroxy‐leukotriene B 4 . (elsevierpure.com)
- Trials with leukotriene inhibitors have demonstrated an important role for leukotrienes in aspirin-induced asthma. (brainkart.com)
Tissue1
- Early studies established that antigen challenge of sensitized human lung tissue results in the generation of leukotrienes, whereas other stud-ies of human subjects have shown that inhalation of leukotrienes causes not only bronchoconstriction but also an increase in bron-chial reactivity to histamine that persists for several days. (brainkart.com)
Induces1
- Benzene metabolite phenol induces CYP4F3 similarly to all-trans-retinoic acid albeit at a higher concentration, whereas hydroquinone strongly induces apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
Incubation1
- Incubation of 20‐hydroxy‐LXB 4 with both rat liver cytosol and NAD + leads to formation of a more polar metabolite on high‐performance liquid chromatography. (elsevierpure.com)
Enzymes1
- GLA inhibits these destructive enzymes, thus impeding the ability of AA to convert to detrimental inflammatory molecules (like leukotriene B4). (lifeextension.com)
Abstract1
- abstract = "Lipoxin B4 (LXB4) is metabolized to 20‐hydroxy‐LXB4 by rat liver microsomes. (elsevierpure.com)
Significantly2
- A total of 3833 metabolites were significantly associated with PM 2.5 in the sunflower-seed oil group and 1757 in the fish oil group. (biomedcentral.com)
- The increased leukotriene concentration significantly correlated with diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, suggesting that the monitoring of leukotriene concentration may aid in the management of eosinophilic pneumonia patients. (ersjournals.com)
Eosinophil2
- The increased urinary concentrations of leukotriene and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin were associated with acute exacerbation in eosinophilic pneumonia patients. (ersjournals.com)
- The essential components of eosinophil migration into the lung, such as leukotriene (LT)D 4 , LTB 4 and IL-5, are generally considered chemotactic factors. (ersjournals.com)
Gene1
- Promoter activity and regulation of the CYP4F2 leukotriene B(4) omega-hydroxylase gene by peroxisomal proliferators and retinoic acid in HepG2 cells. (omeka.net)
Patients1
- Patients with Sjögren-Larsson syndrome accumulate leukotriene B4 and its omega-hydroxy metabolite, which are probably responsible for the pruritus seen in this disease. (medscape.com)
Production1
- The urinary metabolite concentration, which can be easily determined, can be used to monitor the whole-body production of the precursor. (ersjournals.com)
Formation1
- The P‐450 appears to be the one responsible for leukotriene B 4 ω‐hydroxylation, because leukotriene B 4 inhibits the formation of 20‐hydroxy‐LXB 4 and LXB 4 blocks the leukotriene B 4 ω‐hydroxylase activity in microsomes. (elsevierpure.com)
Infection1
- Pro-inflammatory 5-LOX metabolites were selectively increased in post COVID-19 MDM, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infection drives a pro-inflammatory eicosanoid reprogramming that contributes to long-term alterations in innate immune cell function. (nature.com)
Reduction2
- One of the most abundant metabolites was characterized as 3,7,14-trihydroxy-8,10,16- docosatrienoic acid which could result from fatty acid elongation following reduction of the 10,11-double bond. (wikigenes.org)
- These reactions lead to hydroxy products (HETE) via reduction by glutathion peroxidases, leukotrienes (LT) via isomerisation and dehydration, prostaglandins (PG), dihydroperoxy compounds (DiHpETE) and lipoxines (Lx) by isomerisation. (gerli.com)
Induction1
- Elevated expression of CYP4F3 associated with occupational benzene-induced hepatotoxicity and induction of CYP4F3 by benzene metabolites in HL60 cells. (cdc.gov)
Significant1
- Of these, 1752 metabolites showed significant between-group differences. (biomedcentral.com)
Cells3
- To further analyze the mechanism of elevation of CYP4F3, HL60 cells were treated with benzene and metabolites. (cdc.gov)
- GLA administration resulted in increased proportions of its first metabolite, dihomo‐γ‐linolenic acid (DGLA), in circulating mononuclear cells. (utmb.edu)
- Regulation of CYP4F2 leukotriene B4 omega-hydroxylase by retinoic acids in HepG2 cells. (omeka.net)
Total1
- Isolated neutrophils were loaded into the device and assessed in three distinct conditions: serum-free Hank's Balanced Salt Solution and gradients of formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine and leukotriene B4 to test a total of 18 independent parameters. (g2intelligence.com)
Active1
- Following oral exposure, DEHP is quickly metabolized by gut lipases to its active metabolite, monoethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), and excreted in the urine. (biomedcentral.com)