• Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) also known as adiponutrin (ADPN), acylglycerol O-acyltransferase or calcium-independent phospholipase A2-epsilon (iPLA2-epsilon) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PNPLA3 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The recommended name for the gene product is patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3. (wikipedia.org)
  • In conclusion, this work identifies the CapV variant CapV Q329R as a pleiotropic regulator, emphasizes a scaffold function for patatin-like phospholipases, and highlights the impact of the substitution of a single conserved amino acid for protein functionality and alteration of host physiology. (nih.gov)
  • It is a Single-pass type II membrane protein and is a multifunctional enzyme with both triacylglycerol lipase and acylglycerol O-acyltransferase activities. (wikipedia.org)
  • The six Arabidopsis ACBPs are subcellularly located in various compartments based on experimental results using a variety of techniques including fluorescent protein tagging in confocal microscopy, immunoelectron microscopy and western blot analysis of subcellular fractions from wild-type plants as well as from transgenic plants expressing fluorescent-tagged ACBPs. (aocs.org)
  • that revealed protein profiles of 25-year-old forest Ginseng is comparable to that of younger wild Ginseng and differentially expressed proteins were involved in energy metabolism, ginsenoside biosynthesis, and stress response. (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition, an insertion within a type VI secretion system locus included sel1 domain containing proteins and a phospholipase D family protein (PLD1). (pasteur.fr)
  • Similar to additional GTPases, Arf protein routine between an inactive GDP-bound type and a dynamic GTP-bound type1. (moonphase2018.com)
  • Contribution of the adenylyl cyclase-dependent pathway to activation of the currents depended on Epac (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP), but not on protein kinase A. The activation of Ca 2+ and Cl - channels is likely to play a key role in the mechanisms by which glucagon regulates hepatocyte metabolism and volume. (sahmri.org.au)
  • Certainly, Arf6 binds and activates phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinases (PI4P5Ks), also called type I PIPKs (PIPKIs), which phosphorylate PI4P into PI(4,5)P2 (ref. 10, 11). (moonphase2018.com)
  • KCl activates phospholipase D at two different concentration ranges: Distinguishing between hyperosmotic stress and membrane depolarization. (bio.net)
  • Here we show, by patch-clamping of rat hepatocytes, that glucagon activates two types of currents: a small inwardly rectifying Ca 2+ current with characteristics similar to those of the store-operated Ca 2+ current and a larger outwardly rectifying Cl - current similar to that activated by cell swelling. (sahmri.org.au)
  • Calcium ionophore-stimulated chemiluminescence (CL) from human granulocytes: evidence that A23187-induced chemiluminescence originates from arachidonic acid metabolism. (cdc.gov)
  • The data indicated that inhibition of the cyclooxygenase pathway alone was less effective than inhibition of both the lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways of arachidonic- acid metabolism in blocking A23187 mediated chemiluminescence. (cdc.gov)
  • Arachidonic acid is an essential constituent of cell membranes that is esterified to the sn-2 position of glycerophospholipids and is released from selected phospholipid pools by tightly regulated phospholipase cleavage. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Metabolism of the released arachidonic acid by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system (cP450) generates biologically active compounds, including epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. (elsevierpure.com)
  • 45. Cytosolic phospholipase A2: biological significance and molecular diversity. (ncgmlipidsp.jp)
  • 42. Roles of cytosolic phospholipase A2 in vitro and in vivo. (ncgmlipidsp.jp)
  • By mapping single-cell sequencing data, we identified cell type-specific gene regulatory networks of the lipid mediator biosynthesis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our results not only provide further insight into the gene regulation of lipid mediators in the immune response but also shed light on the contribution of selected cell types in their biosynthesis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Transcriptome sequencing revealed that all homologs induced the same general patterns with a drastic shift in gene expression profiles of leaves from that of a typical source tissue to a source-limited sink-like tissue: Transcripts encoding enzymes for plastid uptake and metabolism of phosphoenolpyruvate, fatty acid and oil biosynthesis were up-regulated, as were also transcripts encoding starch degradation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Specifically, the A2 phospholipase produced from the PLA2G6 gene, sometimes called PLA2 group VI, helps to regulate the levels of a compound called phosphatidylcholine, which is abundant in the cell membrane. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Phospholipase A2 (Pla2) is required for memory retrieval, and its inhibition in the hippocampus has been reported to impair memory acquisition in rats. (springer.com)
  • The main pathway is the cleavage of membrane phospholipids into lysophospholipids by the removal of a fatty acid chain by phospholipase A (PLA1 or PLA2). (hindawi.com)
  • Although the biosynthetic pathways and enzymes for PIMs and SPMs have now been largely identified, the actual transcriptional profiles underlying the immune cell type-specific transcriptional profiles of these mediators are still unknown. (bvsalud.org)
  • One of the key mechanisms involved in triggering intracellular calcium release is the generation of the second messenger inositol-1,4,5-phosphate (IP(3)) by the phospholipase C (PLC) class of enzymes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Ivanušec A, Šribar J, Križaj I. Secreted Phospholipases A 2 - not just Enzymes: Revisited. (ijbs.com)
  • Secreted phospholipases A 2 (sPLA 2 s) (EC 3.1.1.4) are a structurally related group of low-molecular-mass enzymes (14-18 kDa) that catalyse the hydrolysis of glycerophospholipids (phospholipids hereafter) at their sn -2 position, to produce lysophospholipids and free fatty acids. (ijbs.com)
  • Airway epithelial cells carry out their physiologic role in part by activating phospholipase-fatty acid oxygenation pathways. (wustl.edu)
  • We discover that build up of free of charge cholesterol in the past due endosomes/lysosomes of KO MEFs outcomes from mistrafficking of NiemannCPick type C proteins NPC2, a cargo from the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-M6PR). (moonphase2018.com)
  • Our results indicate that several dozens of proteins for each cell type, are PE-lipoxidated in HT-22, MLE, and H9c2 cells and M2 macrophages after they were induced to undergo ferroptosis. (cdc.gov)
  • The PLA2G6 gene provides instructions for making a type of enzyme called an A2 phospholipase. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Studies of arachidonate metabolism in airway epithelial cells have often been done on a heterogeneous cell population of basal, ciliated, and goblet cells, so information on individual cell types and alterations during cellular differentiation is still poorly defined. (wustl.edu)
  • Secreted phospholipases A 2 (sPLA 2 s) participate in a very broad spectrum of biological processes through their enzymatic activity and as ligands for membrane and soluble receptors. (ijbs.com)
  • Here, we report that the catabolism of membrane phosphatidylcholine (PC) into water-soluble glycerophosphocholine (GPC) by the phospholipase/lysophospholipase PNPLA8-PNPLA7 axis enables endogenous choline stored in hepatic PC to be utilized in methyl metabolism. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We show that the mechanism of glucagon action on membrane conductance involves phospholipase C and adenylyl cyclase. (sahmri.org.au)
  • In contrast to wild-type mice fed a methionine/choline-deficient diet, both knockout strains display decreased hepatic triglyceride, likely via reductions of lipogenesis and GPC-derived glycerol flux. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Glucagon is one of the major hormonal regulators of glucose metabolism, counteracting the hepatic effects of insulin when the concentration of glucose in the bloodstream falls below a certain level. (sahmri.org.au)
  • Your second year builds on this knowledge and covers areas such as gene regulation, cell biology and metabolism. (kent.ac.uk)
  • In addition to Northern and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses, in situ hybridization experiments further demonstrated that the embryonic regions within which the PLC-deltasu transcript can be detected during early embryonic development are associated with the highest levels of proliferative activity, suggesting a possible involvement with metabolism or cell cycle regulation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In contrast, radial nerve showed an unexpected level of complexity with the expression of 3,370 genes significantly altered more than two-fold with age, including genes involved in nerve function, signaling, metabolism, transcriptional regulation and chromatin modification. (nature.com)
  • The possible role of phospholipase C delta in the regulation of uterine contractility. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Conclusions Reduction in GM-CSF autoantibodies by rituximab therapy improves alveolar macrophage lipid metabolism by increasing lipid transport and surfactant catabolism. (ecu.edu)
  • Age-related gene expression profiles of the short-lived model animals Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster share a common adult-onset expression program of genes involved in mitochondrial metabolism, DNA repair, catabolism, peptidolysis and cellular transport 3 . (nature.com)
  • This type of enzyme is involved in breaking down (metabolizing) fats called phospholipids. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Phospholipase Cζ (PLCζ) is an enzyme found in the cytoplasm and acrosome of mammalian spermatozoa. (sbpreports.com)
  • Lysosomal phospholipase A2 (LPLA2) (a key enzyme in surfactant degradation) mRNA expression was severely deficient in PAP patients pre-treatment but increased 2.8-fold post-treatment. (ecu.edu)
  • We demonstrate here that overexpression of the patatin-like phospholipase variant CapV Q329R , but not CapV, causes pronounced sulA-independent pyridoxine-inhibited cell filamentation in the Escherichia coli K-12-derivative MG1655 associated with restriction of flagella production and swimming motility. (nih.gov)
  • LIPG has substantial phospholipase activity and may be involved in lipoprotein metabolism and vascular biology. (thermofisher.com)
  • This suggests that a WNT-independent mechanism of beta-catenin activation via phospholipase C is involved in the EMT induced by Cyclin A2 depletion. (cnrs.fr)
  • The models account for positive and negative feedbacks of calcium on IP3 metabolism, mediated by calcium activation of phospholipase C and IP3 3-kinase, respectively. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Conserved amino acids in canonical patatin-like phospholipase A motifs, but not the nucleophilic serine, are required to mediate CapV Q329R phenotypes. (nih.gov)
  • Collectively, these landmark discoveries provided initial insight into the COX pathway of arachidonate metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • Additionally, exacerbated type I IFN responses triggered by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), failures in mitophagy, ER-mitochondria communication and mtROS production promote neurodegeneration. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this work, the modeling approach explains the reasons for the absence of PLCζ activity in any type of mammalian cells but eggs. (sbpreports.com)
  • It is unknown why PLCζ is inactive in spermatozoa or any type of somatic cell. (sbpreports.com)
  • 63. Lipid mediators and lipid metabolism. (ncgmlipidsp.jp)
  • 59. Studies on lipid mediators and lipid metabolism. (ncgmlipidsp.jp)
  • 49. Phospholipase A2 and lipid mediators. (ncgmlipidsp.jp)
  • Thus, in addition to the characterization of 2-14,15-EG's mitogenic activity and signaling mechanism, our study provides the first example that two structurally related biologically active lipid mediators can activate different metalloproteinases and release different EGFR ligands in the same cell type to activate EGFR and stimulate cell proliferation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In supplemental animal studies, LPLA2 deficiency was verified in GM-CSF KO mice but was not present in macrophage-specific PPARγ KO mice compared to wild-type controls. (ecu.edu)
  • Acute inflammation involves multiple cell types and various processes. (bvsalud.org)
  • ABSTRACT In order to test whether hyperlipidaemia and glycaemic control can be improved among diabetes patients by dietary supplementation with purified omega-3 fatty acids, we carried out a double- blind, placebo-controlled trial on 50 type 2 diabetes patients randomized to 2 g/day purified omega-3 fatty acids or placebo for 10 weeks. (who.int)
  • Calcium oscillations are an important means of signalling in many cell types. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Therefore the feedbacks can be physiologically important in supporting the efficient frequency encoding of hormone concentration observed in many cell types. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • PLCζ is present in the sperm cell acrosome and cytosol but doesn't significantly affect its metabolism. (sbpreports.com)
  • Phospholipases typically hydrolyze glycerol phospholipids, but loss of iPLA2-VIA does not affect the phospholipid composition of brain tissue but rather causes an elevation in ceramides. (nih.gov)
  • From 2011 to 2017, we collected 32 strains of C gattii from 18 hospitals across China, of which 27 [84·4%] strains molecular traits were profiled by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and compared with strains previously described in China from 2006 to 2020. (researchsquare.com)
  • Totally 119 clinical cases caused by C gattii strains (87 in previous reports and 32 in our study) distributed widely in 20 provincial-level administrative regions of China, of which 114 strains molecular types were obtained. (researchsquare.com)
  • Our study suggests the molecular type of C gattii is necessary for personalized treatment in clinic. (researchsquare.com)
  • 6-9 C gattii can be divided into six unique molecular types (VGI-VGVI). (researchsquare.com)
  • 5,6 VGII is the main molecular type in clinical strains across the world and the subtype VGIIa is more virulent than others. (researchsquare.com)
  • 10 However, VGI is an emerging and more abundant molecular type in Asia, Australia, and Europe 11 , and some studies showed obvious differences in virulence among individual VGI strains. (researchsquare.com)