Metabolism pathway. Medical search. Frequent questions

Altered kynurenine pathway metabolism and association with disease activity in patients with systemic lupus. (physiciansweekly.com)
An amino acid found in food, tryptophan is used by the brain to make serotonin, the happy hormone, but it also forms of the basis of other compounds produced via the kynurenine pathway. (nature.com)
The researchers found that people with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia all showed a shift in tryptophan metabolism from serotonin to the kynurenine pathway. (nature.com)
Scholars@Duke publication: A mathematical model of tryptophan metabolism via the kynurenine pathway provides insights into the effects of vitamin B-6 deficiency, tryptophan loading, and induction of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase on tryptophan metabolites. (duke.edu)
To investigate the underlying mechanism, we developed a mathematical model of tryptophan metabolism via the kynurenine pathway. (duke.edu)
These results show that the model successfully simulated tryptophan metabolism via the kynurenine pathway and can be used to complement experimental investigations. (duke.edu)

Alterations in signaling pathways are implicated in cancer. (unige.ch)
After decades of research, important mechanistic details of overactivation or abnormal activation of oncogenic signaling pathways remain unresolved. (unige.ch)
In their recent article published in Trends in Cell Biology , Prof. Vladimir Katanaev and Dr Karolina Zielinska have overviewed the recent advances provided by information theory to the comprehension of oncogenic signaling pathways. (unige.ch)
Energy metabolism is governed by intricate signaling pathways that sense nutrient availability, energy demands, and cellular stress. (alliedacademies.org)
Dysregulation of these signaling pathways can lead to metabolic disorders and contribute to the development of various pathologies. (alliedacademies.org)
P13 - AKT Signaling Pathways™ Focused Human Genome Microarrays contain 89 long-mer capture agents for 89 genes involved in the human P13 - AKT signaling pathway, printed on 25 x 76 mm glass substrate slides, 10 microarrays per kit. (arrayit.com)
Thus, Julia Chifman's research aims to understand the cause of iron dysregulation in breast cancer through the study of certain cellular signaling pathways that affect iron homeostasis. (american.edu)
Cellular signaling pathways are networks of genes, proteins, enzymes, cytokines, and other cellular species that "communicate" in order to govern the basic functions of cells. (american.edu)
Assistant Professor of Mathematics and Statistics Julia Chifman and her collaborators built a predictive mathematical model that connects four key cytosolic cellular signaling pathways in breast epithelial cells: the oncogenic pathway, the oxidative stress response pathway, the iron utilization pathway, and the iron homeostasis pathway. (american.edu)
Early steps in this transition are complex, with at least 2 signaling pathways identified: 1 stops yeast growth and another, with a heat shock protein 70-type profile, initiates the assembly of proteins necessary for mycelial growth. (cdc.gov)
Yeast-form-specific genes identified in Histoplasma capsulatum function in calcium/calmodulin signaling pathways and sulphur metabolism. (cdc.gov)
Calcium-dependent signaling pathways and heat shock protein expression regulate dimorphism in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and have broad implications for other pathogens. (cdc.gov)

Interestingly, most mRNAs involved in lipid metabolism are overexpressed after hatching (FASN, SCD1, ACOX1), whereas genes implicated in carbohydrate metabolism (HK1, GAPDH, GLUT1) and development (HGF, IGF, FGFR2) are predominantly overexpressed from E12 to E20. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze a wide range of genes involved in liver development, cell stress, lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms throughout embryogenesis in mule ducks to better understand the ontogeny of pathways related to liver fattening. (biomedcentral.com)
To accomplish this, several tricarboxylic acid cycle (sdhC, mdh, and frdA) and one-carbon metabolism genes (gcvP and glyA) were deleted in wild type E. ictaluri strain 93-146 by allelic exchange. (msstate.edu)
Pathways™ Microarrays offer the highest sensitivity and specificity of any product on the market, empowered by genes, proprietary attachment and surface chemistry, and a unique one gene-one spot™ design. (arrayit.com)
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the hypothesis that DNA-methylation patterns in specific regions of OCM and Hcy pathways genes may modulate the CVD risk conferred by folate and B-vitamins low intake. (unito.it)
Many genes are involved in the metabolism of warfarin and in determining the drug's effects in the body. (medlineplus.gov)
Certain common changes (polymorphisms) in the CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genes account for most of the variation in warfarin metabolism due to genetic factors. (medlineplus.gov)
Polymorphisms in other genes, some of which have not been identified, have a smaller effect on warfarin metabolism. (medlineplus.gov)

Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate. (conceptdraw.com)
Based on Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis Pathways at SGD and on Kruckeberg, AL and Dickinson, JR (2004) Carbon Metabolism in The Metabolism and Molecular Physiology of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Dickinson, JR and Schweizer, M, eds, CRC Press. (wikipathways.org)
Cancer cells show altered metabolism seen as a the era of adenosine triphosphate by glycolysis and era of essential fatty acids by synthesis. (healthanddietblog.info)
Glycolysis The glycolytic pathway involves the metabolism of glucose to 2 molecules of lactate with a net gain of 2 molecules of ATP. (healthanddietblog.info)
Overview of glycolysis and lipogenesis pathways. (healthanddietblog.info)
In contrast to normal cells, most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactate fermentation, even in the presence of oxygen, a less efficient metabolism compared to a low rate of glycolysis followed by mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)

Here, we briefly describe carotenoid biosynthesis and highlight the latest advances and discoveries related to synthetic carotenoid metabolism in plants and microorganisms. (frontiersin.org)
Bile acids themselves are interesting molecules being ligands to nuclear and G protein-coupled receptors, but perhaps the intermediates in the bile acid biosynthesis pathways are even more interesting and equally important. (swan.ac.uk)
Here we discuss the biological activity of the different intermediates generated in the various bile acid biosynthesis pathways. (swan.ac.uk)
We put forward the hypothesis that the acidic pathway of bile acid biosynthesis has primary evolved to generate signalling molecules and its utilisation by hepatocytes provides an added bonus of producing bile acids to aid absorption of lipids in the intestine. (swan.ac.uk)
Bile acid biosynthesis in Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome bypassing cholesterol: Potential importance of pathway intermediates by: Jonas Abdel-Khalik, et al. (swan.ac.uk)
Pyridoxine 5′-phosphate oxidase catalyzes the final, rate-limiting step in vitamin B6 metabolism, the biosynthesis of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate, the biologically active form of vitamin B6 which acts as an essential cofactor. (wikipedia.org)
The existence of a functional, although inefficient, thymine salvage pathway was demonstrated and this pathway operated more effectively when de novo thymidine nucleotide biosynthesis was inhibited by trimethoprim or methotrexate. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides necessary for the biosynthesis of the daughter cells are mostly provided by intermediate metabolites of these pathways. (hindawi.com)
Pathway enrichment analysis highlighted branch-chained and aromatic amino acid synthesis/metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and sphingolipid metabolism. (lu.se)

Hepatic Cholesterol Metabolism. (nihatodabasi.com)
Cholesterol metabolism pathways - are the intermediates more important than the products? (swan.ac.uk)
The major route of cholesterol metabolism is conversion to bile acids. (swan.ac.uk)
Defective cholesterol metabolism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by: Eylan Yutuc, et al. (swan.ac.uk)
Imaging Sterols and Oxysterols in Mouse Brain Reveals Distinct Spatial Cholesterol Metabolism by: Eylan Yutuc, et al. (swan.ac.uk)

They modulate energy metabolism through the deacetylation of various substrates, including transcription factors, metabolic enzymes, and histones. (alliedacademies.org)
Further biotransformation studies of TSA and structural analogs with antitumoral and antifibrotic properties need to be performed in cultured intact hepatocytes, in particular since one of the major phase I biotransformation pathways is catalyzed by nonmicrosomal enzymes. (aspetjournals.org)
Lipoprotein metabolism is con-trolled by the activity of functional proteins (enzymes, cell surface receptors, receptor ligands) that deter-mine the rate at which lipoproteins enter and leave the system, and by the physicochemical properties of the lipoprotein themselves. (nihatodabasi.com)
These studies indicate that several enzymes within metabolic pathways that regulate fatty acid metabolism may serve as targets for pharmacological interventions for obesity. (eurekaselect.com)
The enzymes and intermediates of major catabolic and anabolic pathways. (sfu.ca)
Folate and B-vitamins may modulate DNA-methylation of specific enzymes which are included in the One-Carbon Metabolism (OCM) and in the homocysteine (Hcy) pathways. (unito.it)

Implications on growth performance, glucose metabolism, PI 3 K/AKT pathway, intestinal flora induced by dietary taurine in a high-carbohydrate diet for grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ). (bvsalud.org)
An 8-week experiment was performed to investigate the influence on growth performance, plasma biochemistry , glucose metabolism and the insulin pathway of supplementation of dietary taurine to a high- carbohydrate diet for grass carp . (bvsalud.org)
In addition to its role in glucose metabolism, this pathway also regulates the redirection of free amino acids to protein synthesis via the mTOR-signaling pathway. (hindawi.com)
A 2-pyridone-amide inhibitor targets the glucose metabolism pathway of" by Patrik Engstrom, K. Syam Krishnan et al. (wustl.edu)

Because of the many chemicals (a.k.a. "metabolites") that may be involved, metabolic pathways can be quite elaborate. (conceptdraw.com)
Metabolites are the intermediates and products of metabolism. (conceptdraw.com)
The vector stencils library "Citric acid cycle (TCA cycle)" contains 26 symbols of metabolites for drawing metabolic pathway maps and biochemical shematic diagrams of the citric acid cycle (TCA cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle, Krebs cycle) and diagrams of metabolism processes. (conceptdraw.com)
Our data allow construction of the main metabolic pathways of 2C-B. Oxidative deamination results in the 2-4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl-ethanol BDMPE and 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylacetic acid BDMPAA metabolites. (erowid.org)
Research by Dr. David Emerich of the University of Missouri proposes that there may be a novel pathway utilized by B. japonicum in which the bacteria utilize metabolites of propionate metabolism to create an altered version of a 2-methylcitrate cycle. (umsystem.edu)
The same pathways, and similar metabolites, were also highlighted when obese subjects with and without MetS were compared despite adjustment for BMI and waist circumference, or when the metabolites were related to BMI and number of MetS components in a continuous fashion. (lu.se)
Similar metabolites and pathways were also related to insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index) in a separate study (POEM, n=501). (lu.se)
Conclusion: Our data suggest a graded derangement of the circulating metabolite profile from lean to obese to MetS, in particular for metabolites involved in amino acid synthesis/metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism. (lu.se)

Catabolic (break-down) and Anabolic (synthesis) pathways often work interdependently to create new biomolecules as the final end-products. (conceptdraw.com)
AMPK activation stimulates catabolic pathways that generate ATP while inhibiting anabolic processes that consume ATP. (alliedacademies.org)

Two remarkable interspecies differences in metabolism of 2C-B were observed i a hitherto unknown metabolite, 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-phenol BDMP, was identified after incubation only with mouse hepatocytes ii 2-4-bromo-2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl-ethanol B-2-HMPE was produced by hepatocytes from human, monkey and rabbit but not by dog, rat and mouse. (erowid.org)
Two major phase I biotransformation pathways in rat hepatocytes were shown to be N- demethylation and reduction of the hydroxamic acid function to its corresponding amide. (aspetjournals.org)
Methods and results: Models with abnormal lipid metabolism were established both in rats and human hepatocytes. (uea.ac.uk)

They are divided by structure and function into five major classes, A through E. Pathway network for Lipoprotein metabolism SuperPath 11 Pathways in the Lipoprotein metabolism SuperPath Lipoprotein metabolism: Chylomicron-mediated lipid transport: HDL-mediated lipid transport: VLDLR internalisation and degradation: … The handling of lipoproteins in the body is referred to as lipoprotein metabolism. (nihatodabasi.com)
Our study identifies ILRUN as a completely novel regulator of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism that promotes hepatic lipoprotein … Two plasmalipoproteins, LDL and HDL, and one plasma lipid, triglyceride (TG), play an important role in this pathway. (nihatodabasi.com)
The endogenous pathway of lipid metabolism begins with the synthesis of very low lipoprotein (VLDL) by the liver (Figure 2). (nihatodabasi.com)
Find methods information, sources, references or … Endogenous pathway of lipid transport: VLDL and LDL metabolism. (nihatodabasi.com)
Exogenous (dietary) lipid metabolism Over 95% of … Lipoprotein particles are defined by their complement of associated apolipoproteins (Apo) and their content of cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TG) and phospholipid that each particle carries. (nihatodabasi.com)
Ferroptosis-inducing factors can directly or indirectly affect glutathione peroxidase through different pathways, resulting in a decrease in antioxidant capacity and accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, ultimately leading to oxidative cell death. (nature.com)
Scope: To investigate the effect of sulforaphane (SFN) on the abnormal lipid metabolism and underlying mechanisms. (uea.ac.uk)
Conclusion: SFN improved abnormal lipid metabolism via both ER stress -dependent and -independent pathways. (uea.ac.uk)
The production of foie gras involves different metabolic pathways in the liver of overfed ducks such as lipid synthesis and carbohydrates catabolism, but the establishment of these pathways has not yet been described with precision during embryogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)

Thank you for sharing this Drug Metabolism & Disposition article. (aspetjournals.org)
Ritonavir is a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4- and CYP2D6- mediated drug metabolism. (who.int)

VLDL particles contain a core of triglycerides (60 percent by mass) and cholesterol esters (20 percent by … ApoE3 is the most common isoform and is associated with normal lipoprotein metabolism whereas the less common apoE2 and apoE3 isoforms are associated with abnormal metabolism. (nihatodabasi.com)
Proof is shown for the idea that Sp transcription elements may act in collaboration with Akt to modify the abnormal rate of metabolism of tumor cells. (healthanddietblog.info)
Abnormal metabolism and the evasion of apoptosis are considered hallmarks of cancers. (hindawi.com)

Vitamin B-6 deficiency is associated with impaired tryptophan metabolism because of the coenzyme role of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) for kynureninase and kynurenine aminotransferase. (duke.edu)

Cellular energy metabolism is a highly regulated process that involves the conversion of nutrients into usable energy in the form of ATP. (alliedacademies.org)
This article explores the pathways of cellular signaling in energy metabolism, highlighting their physiological roles and implications in pathological conditions. (alliedacademies.org)
The insulin signaling pathway is a central regulator of energy metabolism, particularly in the context of glucose homeostasis. (alliedacademies.org)
Sirtuins, a family of NAD+-dependent deacetylases, have emerged as critical regulators of cellular energy metabolism. (alliedacademies.org)
The link between choline, betaine, and energy metabolism in humans indicates novel functions for these nutrients. (nih.gov)
Studies that simulated methyl-deficient diets reported disturbances in energy metabolism and protein synthesis in the liver, fatty liver, or muscle disorders. (nih.gov)

Pathway defects in lipoprotein synthesis, processing, and clearance can lead to accumulation of atherogenic lipids in plasma and endothelium. (nihatodabasi.com)
In growing cancer cells, oxidative metabolism of glucose and glutamine in the mitochondria provide precursors needed for de novo synthesis of proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. (tdl.org)

This study proposes to describe the basal hepatic metabolism at the level of mRNA in mule duck embryos in order to reveal potential interesting programming windows in the context of foie gras production. (biomedcentral.com)
For the first time we described the kinetics of hepatic ontogenesis at mRNA level in mule ducks and highlighted different expression patterns depending on the cellular pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
In the context of foie gras production, better knowledge of the establishment of hepatic metabolic pathways during embryogenesis could be of particular interest to modulate the individual response to force-feeding. (biomedcentral.com)
Since liver sampling was only possible from the 12th day of embryogenesis (E12), we analyzed hepatic gene expression at 7 sampling points every 4 days from this point up to 4 days post-hatch (D4) and revealed different patterns of expression depending on the cellular pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
The above results suggested that optimal taurine level could improve growth performance, hepatic capacity for glycolipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity , thus enhancing the utilisation of carbohydrates in grass carp . (bvsalud.org)

the two most important are the deamination of pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate and the deamination of pyridoxine 5-phosphate, both of which are key intermediates in the metabolism of B6. (wikipedia.org)

The pathway of ethanol metabolism. (medscape.com)

Furthermore, HIF-1 actively limits the mitochondrial consumption of pyruvate at two levels: (i) through the enzyme PDK (PDH-kinase), which in turn inhibits PDH activity preventing the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA, and thereby limiting mitochondrial metabolism of pyruvate [ 6 ] and (ii) through the direct activation of LDH [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)

The expression levels of 50 mRNAs were quantified for these 7 sampling points and classified into 4 major cellular pathways. (biomedcentral.com)

SIRT1 deacetylates and activates PGC-1α, promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism. (alliedacademies.org)

1) Isocyanate s differ from many other xenobiotics in their ability to form S-linked conjugates with glutathione (GSH) through direct nucleophilic addition reactions (e.g. without enzymatic "preactivation" and/ or transferase activity), potentially predisposing them to metabolism via the mercapturic acid pathway. (cdc.gov)
Acrylonitrile (ACN), one of the top 50 chemicals produced in the world, is a very powerful pro-oxidant compound whose metabolism leads to a profound glutathione (GSH) depletion and to a production of cyanide (CN) which, in turn, can inhibit superoxide dismutase (SOD). (cdc.gov)

To address this, I used models of mitochondrial dysfunction in isogenic cancer cell lines and studied their metabolism using a combination of Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy. (tdl.org)

Vitamin B6 is a coenzyme in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. (wikipedia.org)
The VKORC1 enzyme helps turn on (activate) clotting proteins in the pathway that forms blood clots . (medlineplus.gov)

Insulin signaling pathway activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), which phosphorylates and activates Akt (also known as protein kinase B). Akt regulates glucose transport by promoting the translocation of glucose transporters, such as GLUT4, to the plasma membrane. (alliedacademies.org)
the constitutive activation from the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. (healthanddietblog.info)
For example, a major regulator of metabolism is phosphoinositol 3 kinase (PI3K). (hindawi.com)

4) Consistent with GGT enzyme kinetics, metabolism proceeded more rapidly under conditions that favored transpeptidation versus hydrolytic mechanisms of cleavage. (cdc.gov)

This led to the striking discovery that cells engaged in the reductive carboxylation pathway also operate an additional metabolic pathway that, at first glance, would appear to be superfluous and inefficient. (tdl.org)
Functional characterization of this second pathway revealed, however, that its activity was necessary for the optimal function of the reductive carboxylation pathway. (tdl.org)

In biochemistry, metabolic pathways are series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell. (conceptdraw.com)
The vector stencils library " Biochemistry of metabolism" contains 46 metabolite symbols for drawing metabolic pathways maps, biochemical diagrams and metabolism process flow charts using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software. (conceptdraw.com)
The shapes example "Design elements - Biochemistry of metabolism" is included in the Biology solution from the Science and Education area of ConceptDraw Solution Park. (conceptdraw.com)
When considering how viruses interact with host metabolism it is critical for virologist to think beyond their copy of a Biochemistry textbook, as computational and analytical advances in recent years have led to novel discoveries in metabolism. (arizona.edu)

The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. (conceptdraw.com)

This collection of pathways is called the metabolic network. (conceptdraw.com)
All viruses, however, rely on host metabolism as none encode a metabolic network. (arizona.edu)
Although virus-host metabolism interactions are critical to infection, little is understood regarding viral remodeling of its host metabolic network. (arizona.edu)

Some cancer cells have notable differences in vitamin B6 metabolism compared to their normal counterparts. (wikipedia.org)
In contrast, cancer cells shift their metabolism toward lactate production even in the presence of oxygen [ 4 ], partly through genetic modifications that stabilize the transcription factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) involved in the adaptation of the cells to hypoxia, under nonhypoxic conditions as well as generating an adaptive response to the hypoxic microenvironment (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
The oncogenic signaling pathway includes cellular species that regulate the growth, differentiation, and survival of cells. (american.edu)

Regardless of the etiology, a deficiency of cyclooxygenase (COX), a key regulatory enzyme in the synthetic pathway of eicosanoid production, results in beneficial and detrimental physiologic conditions relative to imbalances of the eicosanoids. (medscape.com)

Tricarboxylic acid cycle and one-carbon metabolism pathways are import" by Neeti Dahal, Hossam Abdelhamed et al. (msstate.edu)
Tricarboxylic acid cycle and one-carbon metabolism pathways are important in Edwardsiella ictaluri virulence. (msstate.edu)
Animal models have shown more directly that DNA methylation can be affected by dietary supplements that act as cofactors in one-carbon metabolism, and in humans, methylation at birth has been associated with peri-conceptional micronutrient supplementation. (frontiersin.org)

Different from the published … LIVER IN LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM Pages with reference to book, From 232 To 233 Anjum Shahid (PMRC Research Centre, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi. (nihatodabasi.com)
Liver fattening involves the activation of several metabolic pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
The liver and the muscles appear to be the major organs for methyl group metabolism. (nih.gov)

The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. (conceptdraw.com)

Pathways are important to the maintenance of homeostasis within an organism. (conceptdraw.com)
namely, defects in the oncogenic pathway are noted to induce modifications in cellular iron homeostasis. (american.edu)
Through simulations, Chifman and her collaborators found that overexpression of Ras, a central species in the oncogenic pathway, led to a cancer phenotype in the iron homeostasis pathway. (american.edu)

Some of those advances and discoveries are introduced here, with a focus on the recent findings in virus-host metabolism interactions. (arizona.edu)
Recent advances in tools and methods to dissect metabolism during infection have led to novel findings in infection-induced changes in metabolism. (arizona.edu)
Advances in genomic analysis have led to a clearer understanding of the COX pathway. (medscape.com)

Ever plays a major role in cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism and is the major site of production and removal of cholesterol rich lipoproteins and bile acids. (nihatodabasi.com)
Arrayit Pathways™ Focused Human Genome Microarrays enable targeted gene expression analysis of every major cellular pathway in the human body. (arrayit.com)
Early steps in this tran- agents of major deep-seated mycoses, basic research on zoopathogenic sition are complex, with at least 2 sig- which follow, are of more general fungi, a timely effort as medical naling pathways identified: 1 stops interest. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy17

Organisms8

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs90

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes65

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Health Care2

Kynurenine pathway6

Signaling Pathways12

Genes8

Glycolysis6

Biosynthesis9

Cholesterol Metabolism5

Enzymes6

Glucose metabolism4

Metabolites8

Catabolic2

Hepatocytes3

Lipid9

Drug Metabolism2

Abnormal3

Tryptophan metabolism1

Energy metabolism6

Lipids2

Hepatic5

Intermediates1

Ethanol Metabolism1

Acetyl-CoA1

Cellular pathways1

Oxidative metabolism1

Glutathione2

Mitochondrial1

Proteins2

PI3K3

Enzyme kinetics1

Reductive2

Biochemistry4

Electron1

Metabolic network3

Cells3

Eicosanoid1

Carbon3

Liver3

Citric1

Homeostasis3

Advances3

Major3