AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and Processes
HalothaneAnesthetics, InhalationAnesthesia, InhalationIsofluraneEnfluraneEnergy MetabolismLipid MetabolismMethyl EthersAnestheticsNitrous OxideMalignant HyperthermiaDogsTrifluoroacetic AcidEthersThiopentalMetabolismGlucoseLiverDepression, ChemicalAnesthesiaMethoxyfluraneEtherDose-Response Relationship, DrugBiotransformationEthyl EthersHydrocarbons, HalogenatedChlorofluorocarbonsAnesthesia, GeneralCarbon DioxideOxygen ConsumptionPentobarbitalMicrosomes, LiverAnesthetics, GeneralCytochrome P-450 Enzyme SystemOxidation-ReductionDrug InteractionsGlycolysisFluoroacetatesLactatesRats, Sprague-DawleyKineticsTime FactorsDrug-Induced Liver InjuryRats, Inbred StrainsRespirationCalciumOxygenMetabolic Networks and PathwaysBrainSuccinylcholineHypotension, ControlledFatty AcidsHeartMetabolism, Inborn ErrorsMyocardial ContractionHemodynamicsCarbon RadioisotopesThiamylalChromatography, High Pressure LiquidLactic AcidAnesthesia, IntratrachealModels, BiologicalSwineRats, WistarCaffeine
IsofluraneSevofluraneAnesthesiaHepaticDesfluraneAnesthetic agents151677EtherLiverHepatitisConcentrationsLipid metabolismEnergy MetabolismMetabolitesAnestheticsInhibitExposureInhalationalHepatotoxicityEthanolAssessed in the absenceMoleculeDoseAdultsAbsorptionDrug2001EffectsConcentrationPotassiumDiseasesPatientsInductionDrugsCompartmentExperimentsDosageDirectCaused by increasedStudiesType
Isoflurane6
Sevoflurane2
Anesthesia2
Hepatic3
  • The National Halothane Study, a retrospective analysis, reviewed the incidence and mortality rates of postoperative hepatic necrosis from 1959-1962. (medscape.com)
  • No specific therapy is available for either fulminant hepatic necrosis or mild hepatotoxicity due to halothane. (medscape.com)
  • The ratio of rT3 to T3 is a valuable biomarker of the metabolism and function of thyroid hormones because the process of 5' monodeiodination that converts T4 to T3 and rT3 to 3,3'-T2 is inhibited in a number of non-thyroidal conditions such as fasting, anorexia nervosa, malnutrition, diabetes mellitus, stress, severe trauma or infection, hemorrhagic shock, hepatic dysfunction, pulmonary diseases and others. (biovendor.com)
Desflurane1
Anesthetic agents3
  • HALOTHANE and the volatile anesthetic agents can modulate ion channel function or ion transport in different tissues. (asahq.org)
  • With this technique, the effect of various anesthetic agents (ether, halothane, tetracaine) upon riboflavin metabolism has been studied by the authors. (medric.or.kr)
  • The inciting cause of an episode may be linked to a sensitivity to certain anesthetic agents (mainly halothane) or stress. (wagwalking.com)
1516771
  • Studies were conducted on the binding of halothane (151677) metabolites to human liver and gonads. (cdc.gov)
Ether2
Liver13
  • In rare cases, repeated exposure to halothane in adults was noted to result in severe liver injury. (wikipedia.org)
  • The resulting syndrome was referred to as halothane hepatitis, immunoallergic in origin, and is thought to result from the metabolism of halothane to trifluoroacetic acid via oxidative reactions in the liver. (wikipedia.org)
  • About 20% of inhaled halothane is metabolized by the liver and these products are excreted in the urine. (wikipedia.org)
  • Halothane metabolism: immunochemical evidence for molecular mimicry of trifluoroacetylated liver protein adducts by constitutive polypeptides. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Although considered safe, VAs have been reported to cause different adverse effects in patients and occupationally exposed personnel, depending on the dose, treatment duration (exposure and number of exposures), and their metabolism and toxicokinetic activity in the liver, kidney, or brain ( 7 - 9 ). (sciendo.com)
  • The expression "first pass metabolism" (FPM) refers to the metabolism that an ingested compound undergoes in its passage through the gut and liver before reaching the systemic circulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A recent review has described the confusion that has resulted from applying this definition to human ethanol pharmacokinetics, a compound that has extremely non-linear liver metabolism [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Consider the case where GI absorption is occurring at a time when the systemic drug concentration is so high that the liver metabolism is completely saturated and the metabolic rate is constant, independent of concentration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Clearly, at this time, the rate of drug metabolism for an oral input must be identical to that for an IV input so that FPM must be zero, even though a large fraction of the absorbed drug may be metabolized in its first pass through the liver. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Diseases affecting the metabolism and excretion of bilirubin in the liver. (labpedia.net)
  • To better understand the role of dietary FA on metabolic diseases, for the first time, a study to identify key transcription factors (TF) involved in lipid metabolism and inflammatory response by transcriptome analysis from liver samples of animal models was performed. (nature.com)
  • Hepatocytes (liver parenchymal cells) perform the liver's metabolic functions: Formation and excretion of bile as a component of bilirubin metabolism. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Overview of bilirubin metabolism The liver is a metabolically complex organ. (msdmanuals.com)
Hepatitis4
Concentrations4
  • Epithelial type II cells from adult rat lungs were exposed to halothane concentrations of 1, 2, and 4% from 0.5-4 h. (asahq.org)
  • The decrease in sodium, potassium-adenosine triphosphatase activity was maximal for 30 min of exposure and reached 50, 42, and 56% for halothane concentrations of 1, 2, and 4%, respectively, and did not change for longer exposure times. (asahq.org)
  • Regardless of the route of exposure, chloroform is excreted from the body primarily as expired carbon dioxide, although at higher concentrations, where metabolism is saturated, appreciable levels of parent compound may be exhaled as well (Brown et al. (cdc.gov)
  • Zapp, M, Kofke, WA & Davis, DW 1992, ' Comparison of the effects of volatile anesthetics in varying concentrations on brain energy metabolism with brain ischemia in rats ', Neurochemical Research , vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 301-305. (psu.edu)
Lipid metabolism3
Energy Metabolism1
Metabolites2
  • A gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry technique was developed to identify and quantify the volatile metabolites of halothane produced in patients and in-vitro incubations. (cdc.gov)
  • Extracellular levels of striatal dopamine and its metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid were monitored bilaterally in the halothane-anaesthetized grafted rat, both under basal conditions, and also following low (0.05 mg/kg) and high (0.5 mg/kg) doses of the dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine. (ox.ac.uk)
Anesthetics3
  • Using voltage-clamp techniques, the authors examined the effect of two general anesthetics (ketamine and halothane) on a rat brain potassium channel of known amino acid sequence, and further assessed whether the inhibition of the channel is altered by a partial deletion of the C-terminal sequence of this channel. (silverchair.com)
  • Anesthetics, volatile: halothane. (silverchair.com)
  • In conclusion, the effects of anesthetics upon riboflavin metabolism are insignificant. (medric.or.kr)
Inhibit2
  • [1,2] Recently, however, halothane was shown to inhibit Na/calcium (Ca) exchanger and Ca channels in heart cells [3] and to decrease ion transport in canine tracheal epithelium, an effect that may contribute to decreased mucous clearance in the perioperative period. (asahq.org)
  • Although both ketamine and halothane inhibit potassium currents through the Kv2.1 channel, their mechanisms of action at this potential target may be different. (silverchair.com)
Exposure4
  • Type I (mild) halothane hepatotoxicity occurs within hours of halothane exposure. (medscape.com)
  • Type II (fulminant) halothane hepatotoxicity usually occurs 5-7 days following exposure, although it can be delayed by up to 4 weeks. (medscape.com)
  • Exposure of epithelial type II cells to halothane reduced the activity of sodium, potassium-adenosine triphosphatase, and amiloride-sensitive Na channels, whereas Na cotransporters were unchanged. (asahq.org)
  • [1-3] Because of the hypnotic effects of these agents, attention has focused mainly on the central nervous system, and several studies have reported that halothane exposure depressed voltage-gated sodium (Na) channels and potassium (K) channels. (asahq.org)
Inhalational1
Hepatotoxicity7
  • Based on this study, the risk of fatal halothane hepatotoxicity was estimated to be 1 in 35,000. (medscape.com)
  • Halothane hepatotoxicity is more likely to occur in lower resource settings where halothane continues to be used. (medscape.com)
  • Halothane hepatotoxicity is a diagnosis of exclusion. (medscape.com)
  • Physical findings in type II halothane hepatotoxicity include delayed pyrexia (up to 75% of patients). (medscape.com)
  • Eosinophilia occurs in 8-32% of patients with type II halothane hepatotoxicity. (medscape.com)
  • Serum autoantibodies may be present in 30-44% of patients with type II halothane hepatotoxicity. (medscape.com)
  • Two major types of hepatotoxicity are associated with halothane administration. (medscape.com)
Ethanol4
  • Metabolism of chloroform occurs primarily by cytochrome p-450-dependent pathways, with CYP2E1 (ethanol-inducible) being the primary isozyme responsible (Wang et al. (cdc.gov)
  • The classical definition of first pass metabolism (FPM) based on the differences in the area under the curve (AUC) for identical intravenous and oral doses is invalid if the metabolism is non-linear (e.g. ethanol). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gastric ethanol metabolism is not significant. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Respiratory which inhalation dosimetric relationships contribute to this tract uptake of halothane, acetone, ethanol and diacetyl was species difference in regional airway injury is not known, but measured in male F344 rat to obtain data for model validation. (cdc.gov)
Assessed in the absence1
  • In addition, the effects of halothane were assessed in the absence of extracellular calcium (Ca) with or without 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, an intracellular Ca chelating agent. (asahq.org)
Molecule2
  • Halothane is a chiral molecule that is used as a racemic mixture. (wikipedia.org)
  • The last-mentioned case usually depends on metabolism in other parts of the molecule. (awametox.com)
Dose3
  • 1990). Interspecies differences in the rate of chloroform conversion were observed in mice, rats, and squirrel monkeys, with species differences in metabolism being highly dose-dependant. (cdc.gov)
  • Thus, local blood flow, metabolism, and reaction, by lowering the Dose response is the most fundamental concept of toxicology. (cdc.gov)
  • Ketamine and halothane reduced Kv2.1 and delta C318 peak current amplitude in a dose-dependent and reversible fashion. (silverchair.com)
Adults1
Absorption1
Drug3
  • Efforts were undertaken to develop a synthetic system in which drug metabolism can be studied using highly purified single forms of cytochrome-P-450 proteins in a membrane environment of exactly defined composition and physical properties. (cdc.gov)
  • Drug metabolism principles- Phase I and Phase II. (amrita.edu)
  • Factors affecting drug metabolism including stereo chemical aspects. (amrita.edu)
20011
Effects4
Concentration1
  • The concentration of rT3 could be high in patients on the following medications: amiodarone, dexamethasone, propylthiouracil, ipodate, propranolol, and the anesthetic halothane. (biovendor.com)
Potassium1
  • Sodium, potassium-adenosine triphosphatase, and amiloride-sensitive Na channel activities are impaired by halothane in alveolar type II cells in vitro. (asahq.org)
Diseases1
  • Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is one of the porphyrias, a group of diseases involving defects in heme metabolism and that results in excessive secretion of porphyrins and porphyrin precursors. (medscape.com)
Patients1
Induction1
Drugs1
Compartment1
Experiments2
  • In some experiments, cells that were exposed to 1% halothane for 1 h were allowed to recover after replacement of the medium for 15 and 30 min. (asahq.org)
  • [5] The experiments were apparently conducted using isolated working hearts from halothane-anesthetized murine models. (biotechpeptides.com)
Dosage1
  • The explanations for vindication typically include low dosage or a very low degree of metabolism that involves the relevant substructure. (awametox.com)
Direct1
  • stream (and ultimate removal from airway tissue), local metabolism, and/or direct reaction with tissue substrates. (cdc.gov)
Caused by increased1
Studies2
  • [4] Taken together, these studies suggest that halothane interferes with ion transport in many different cell types. (asahq.org)
  • Raadpleeg ook literatuurlijsten gerandomiseerde studies van niet-toxische middelen en behandelingen van arts-bioloog drs. (kanker-actueel.nl)
Type2
  • Halothane alters surfactant biosynthesis and metabolism of alveolar type II cells. (asahq.org)
  • Use dependence of ketamine and halothane action was observed in both Kv2.1 and the mutant channel, attributable to augmentation of C-type inactivation. (silverchair.com)