AspergillusAFB1OchratoxinMycotoxinsToxic aflatoxinCarcinogenToxinsToxicityContaminationExposureMutagenicCarcinogenesisMicrobiotaCarcinogensHepatocytesOxidativeMetabolicXenobioticMetaboliteSpeciesGenotoxicityHumansContaminated foodImportanceExtractsMajorProductionRoleDrugDamageLevelsCellsMakeAnalysisEnergy
Aspergillus14
- Aflatoxin B1 is an aflatoxin produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. (wikipedia.org)
- While toxicity of its products, aflatoxins, are explored throughout this article, Aspergillus flavus itself also exerts pathogenic effects through aspergillosis, or infection with the mold. (wikipedia.org)
- Aspergillus -derived mycotoxins, including aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, and fumonisins (members of the fusariotoxin group) can cause pathological damage to vital organs, including the kidney or liver. (frontiersin.org)
- Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) is a carcinogenic metabolite produced by certain Aspergillus species. (scirp.org)
- C. Tzanidi, C. Proestos and P. Markaki, "Saffron ( Crocus sativus L. ) Inhibits Aflatoxin B 1 Production by Aspergillus parasiticus ," Advances in Microbiology , Vol. 2 No. 3, 2012, pp. 310-316. (scirp.org)
- F. Olojede, G. Engelhardt, P. R. Wallnofer and G. O. Adegoke, "Decrease of Growth and Aflatoxin Production in Aspergillus parasiticus Caused by Spices," WJ Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vol. 9, No. 5, 1995, pp. 605-606. (scirp.org)
- The effect of certain food additives on aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus has been studied in vitro. (nih.gov)
- Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a highly hepatotoxic and carcinogenic mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus species. (bvsalud.org)
- There is evidence to suggest that exposure to the Aspergillus mycotoxin aflatoxin (AF) during pregnancy can impair intrauterine foetal growth, promote neonatal jaundice and cause perinatal death and preterm birth. (bvsalud.org)
- Various factors have been implicated as risk factors in the pathogenesis of liver cancer, notably food contaminated with aflatoxins, toxins produced by fungi of the genus Aspergillus sp. (hindawi.com)
- Aflatoxins are a type of mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus species of fungi, such as A. flavus and A. parasiticus . (pediaa.com)
- Mycotoxins refer to a toxic secondary metabolite produced by organisms of the kingdom Fungi and is capable of causing disease and death in both humans and other animals while aflatoxins refer to various poisonous carcinogens and mutagens that are produced by certain molds, particularly Aspergillus species. (pediaa.com)
- Mycotoxins are produced by fungi while aflatoxins are produced by Aspergillus . (pediaa.com)
- Aspergillus produces aflatoxins. (pediaa.com)
AFB113
- The potent hepatotoxin and carcinogen aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a common mycotoxin contaminant of grains used in animal feeds. (mdpi.com)
- Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is the major metabolite of AFB1 in mammals, being partially excreted into milk, and is a possible human carcinogen. (mdpi.com)
- De mykotoxiner som anses farliga för människor och djur samt har potential att övergå i animalier via metabolisering av foder, är AFB1 (aflatoxin B1) och OTA (ochratoxin A). Dessa produceras av mögelsvampar som livnär sig på lagrade spannmål. (slu.se)
- EU och FDA har inga gränsvärden som avser tillåtna halter AFB1 eller OTA i köttprodukter dock har både EU och FDA regelverk gällande AFM1 (aflatoxin M1) -koncentration samt AFB1 i andra livsmedel. (slu.se)
- The mycotoxins, considered dangerous for humans and animals besides having the potential to transfer to animal products by metabolism of feed, are AFB1 (aflatoxin B1) and OTA (Ochratoxin A). They are produced by moulds growing on stored grains. (slu.se)
- Turmeric and curcumin were also found to reverse the aflatoxin induced liver damage produced by feeding aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) (5 micrograms/day per 14 days) to ducklings. (nih.gov)
- The fastest metabolism of AFB1 was observed in mouse hepatocytes which formed aflatoxin P1 as a major metabolite and also its glucuronidated form, while AFP1 occurred only in traces in the other species. (bvsalud.org)
- The use of qualitative reference material of a multitude of metabolites and the comparison of hepatocyte metabolism in three species using advanced methods enabled considerations on toxification and detoxification mechanisms of AFB1. (bvsalud.org)
- In addition to glutathione conjugation, phase I metabolism is strongly involved in the detoxification of AFB1. (bvsalud.org)
- The current study evaluated the effects of feeding diets contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), fumonisins (FBs), or both on the performance and health of broiler chickens and the safety of their food products as well as the efficacy of bentonite and fumonisin esterase to mitigate the effects of these mycotoxins under conditions representative for sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). (bvsalud.org)
- After apical loading with mutagenic compounds [methylmethanesulfonate (MMS), benzo[a]-pyrene (BaP) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)], comet and micronucleus assays were performed on both cell lines. (hal.science)
- Treatment of Caco-2 cells with the CYP3A4 inhibitor, ketoconazole, inhibited the AFB1-induced cytotoxicity and micronucleus formation in TK6 cells, suggesting that intestinal metabolism is involved in the AFB1 genotoxic response in TK6 cells. (hal.science)
- Serum aflatoxin B1 bound to albumin lysine (AFB1-lys) is a preferred exposure biomarker, but field sample collection, processing, transportation, and storage logistics are challenging. (cdc.gov)
Ochratoxin1
- The most significant mycotoxins in terms of public health and agronomicperspective include the aflatoxins, ochratoxin A (OTA), trichothecenes, fumonisins,OPEN ACCESSToxins 2010, 2739patulin, and the ergot alkaloids. (edu.mx)
Mycotoxins9
- This study aims to present the results of epidemiological studies, including clinical cases, on the relationship between human exposure to some mycotoxins, especially zearalenone and aflatoxin, and the occurrence of reproductive disorders. (bvsalud.org)
- The toxic effect of the ingestion of mycotoxins in humansand animals depends on a number of factors including intake levels, duration of exposure,toxin species, mechanisms of action, metabolism, and defense mechanisms. (edu.mx)
- Mycotoxins are extremely toxic by-products of fungal metabolism, ranging from large complex molecular structures to simple three carbon derivatives. (hameco-agro.com)
- The main difference between mycotoxins and aflatoxins is that mycotoxins are toxic substances produced by fungi whereas aflatoxins are a type of mycotoxin, genotoxic, and cause DNA damage and cause cancer. (pediaa.com)
- So, briefly, both mycotoxins and aflatoxins are two types of toxins in fungi . (pediaa.com)
- Mycotoxins and aflatoxins are two types of toxic substances produced by fungi. (pediaa.com)
- Usually, mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites of fungi while aflatoxins are a type of mycotoxins. (pediaa.com)
- Mycotoxins can be poisonous, carcinogenic, and mutagenic while aflatoxins are carcinogenic and can cause liver cancer. (pediaa.com)
- In brief, mycotoxins and aflatoxins are two types of poisonous substances in fungi. (pediaa.com)
Toxic aflatoxin2
- Aflatoxin B1 is considered the most toxic aflatoxin and it is highly implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans. (wikipedia.org)
- Here, the most toxic aflatoxin is the aflatoxin B1. (pediaa.com)
Carcinogen2
- 1985. A comparative study of monooxygenase activity in elasmobranchs and mammals: activation of the model pro carcinogen aflatoxin B1 by liver preparations of calf, nurse shark and clearnose skate. (mote.org)
- 1989. In vitro metabolism of the pro-carcinogen aflatoxin B1 by liver preparations of the calf, nurse shark, and clearnose skate. (mote.org)
Toxins1
- In addition, the production of toxins depends on the surrounding intrinsic and extrinsic environments, and these substances vary greatly in their toxicity, depending on the organism infected and its susceptibility, metabolism, and defense mechanisms. (pediaa.com)
Toxicity3
- The liver is the most susceptible organ to aflatoxin B1 toxicity. (wikipedia.org)
- G to T transversion mutations in codon 249 of the p53 tumour-suppressor gene have been found in human liver tumour from geographic areas with high risk of aflatoxin exposure and in AFB 1 -induced liver toxicity [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Therefore, the main difference between mycotoxin and aflatoxin is their toxicity. (pediaa.com)
Contamination4
- Several sampling and analytical methods including thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), among others, have been used to test for aflatoxin B1 contamination in foods. (wikipedia.org)
- While aflatoxin B1 contamination is common in many staple foods, its production is maximized in foods stored in hot, humid climates. (wikipedia.org)
- Poor storage and transport conditions will often lead to contamination of aflatoxins. (hameco-agro.com)
- Estimating human aflatoxin exposure is key to identifying and abating contamination sources. (cdc.gov)
Exposure4
- Occupational exposure to aflatoxin B1 has also been reported in swine and poultry production. (wikipedia.org)
- Dermal exposure to this aflatoxin in particular environmental conditions can lead to major health risks. (wikipedia.org)
- Significant exposure to Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ), a potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin, plays a major role in liver carcinogenesis through oxidative tissue damage and p53 mutation. (hindawi.com)
- Aflatoxin exposure is endemic in developing countries with warm, humid climates that promote toxigenic mold growth on crops and foodstuffs. (cdc.gov)
Mutagenic1
- citation needed] In animals, aflatoxin B1 has also been shown to be mutagenic, teratogenic, and to cause immunosuppression. (wikipedia.org)
Carcinogenesis1
- 2007. Natural chlorophyll inhibits aflatoxin B1-induced multi-organ carcinogenesis in the rat. . (oregonstate.edu)
Microbiota2
- Lemon fermented products prevent obesity in high-fat diet-fed rats by modulating lipid metabolism and gut microbiota. (nutr-metab-pu.org)
- Chen P, Xu T, Zhang C, Tong X, Shaukat A, He Y, Liu K, Huang S (2022) Effects of Probiotics and Gut Microbiota on Bone metabolism in chickens: a review. (springer.com)
Carcinogens1
- Some of these are known carcinogens, such as aflatoxin B1, which is known to cause liver cancer. (knowthecause.com)
Hepatocytes1
- In animal studies, pathological lesions associated with aflatoxin B1 intoxication include reduction in weight of liver, vacuolation of hepatocytes, and hepatic carcinoma. (wikipedia.org)
Oxidative1
- 1985. Spin-trapping of methyl radical in the oxidative metabolism of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. (cdc.gov)
Metabolic1
- MODIS is a ebook بحار of images that see how individual meets have giving, belonging method liegt, aflatoxin treatment Construction, metabolic imaging, and professor. (xn--drpverein-rahe-vpb.de)
Xenobiotic2
- Other xenobiotic substrates for this enzyme include caffeine, aflatoxin B1, and acetaminophen. (zona-zdrave.com)
- 2006. Xenobiotic metabolism relevance to cancer. . (oregonstate.edu)
Metabolite1
- Aflatoxin M1 was formed in all species and was, together with aflatoxin Q1 and aflatoxicol, the main metabolite in human cells. (bvsalud.org)
Species1
- The compound is mainly metabolized in the liver and its metabolism varies between species. (bvsalud.org)
Genotoxicity2
- Mutagenicity and genotoxicity assessment of the emerging mycotoxin versicolorin A, an aflatoxin B1 precursor. (inrae.fr)
- Here, we assessed a co-culture system of intestinal Caco-2 cells and lymphoblastoid TK6 cells for modelling the role of intestinal first-pass effects, i.e. absorption and metabolism, in the genotoxicity of oral drugs and food contaminants. (hal.science)
Humans1
- Aflatoxin B1 is mostly found in contaminated food and humans are exposed to aflatoxin B1 almost entirely through their diet. (wikipedia.org)
Contaminated food2
- When contaminated food is consumed, the aflatoxins enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract. (pediaa.com)
- Moreover, the animals that eat this contaminated food can pass aflatoxin transformation products into eggs, milk products, and meat. (pediaa.com)
Importance2
- To demonstrate the importance of cellular metabolism in cancer development, Dr. Thomas Seyfried, professor of biology at Boston College, performed an experiment wherein he transplanted the nucleus of a cancerous cell--where the genetic material of the cell is contained--into healthy cells with functioning mitochondria, and those cells did not go on to become cancerous. (knowthecause.com)
- At the crossroads of fertility and metabolism: the importance of AMPK-dependent signaling in female infertility associated with hyperandrogenism. (who.int)
Extracts1
- Extracts of turmeric (Curcuma longa), garlic (Allium sativum) and asafoetida (Ferula asafoetida) inhibited the aflatoxin production considerably (more than 90%) at concentrations of 5-10 mg/ml. (nih.gov)
Major1
- From this point on the biosynthetic pathway of aflatoxin B1 becomes much more complicated, with several major skeletal changes. (wikipedia.org)
Production1
- Curcumin, the antioxidant principle from Curcuma longa did not have any effect on aflatoxin production. (nih.gov)
Role2
- 2006. The role of flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) in the metabolism of tamoxifen and other tertiary amines. . (oregonstate.edu)
- Epigenetic Alteration of the Cancer-Related Gene TGFBI in B Cells Infected with Epstein-Barr Virus and Exposed to Aflatoxin B1: Potential Role in Burkitt Lymphoma Development. (who.int)
Drug2
- The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. (nih.gov)
- Mechanism of action of dietary agents in rat liver: induction of phase I and phase II drug metabolizing enzymes and aflatoxin B1 metabolism. (progressivehealth.com)
Damage1
- Aflatoxins are very poisonous, and carcinogenic, and they are mutagens that cause DNA damage. (pediaa.com)
Levels1
- According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), a division of the United Nations, the worldwide maximum tolerated levels of aflatoxin B1 was reported to be in the range of 1-20 μg/kg (or .001 ppm - 1 part-per-billion) in food, and 5-50 μg/kg (.005 ppm) in dietary cattle feed in 2003. (wikipedia.org)
Cells1
- Glucose is fundamental to the metabolism of mammalian cells. (thermofisher.com)
Make1
- scoring to the selective projects for ebook بحار الأنوار, methods use the kite of the inflammatory Bill aflatoxin to make end distance. (xn--drpverein-rahe-vpb.de)
Analysis1
- It is also tested for the presence of heavy metals in them, followed by Aflatoxin and Pesticide analysis. (ijpsr.com)
Energy1
- Metabolism refers to the ability to create energy. (knowthecause.com)