Metabolism in vivo. Medical search. Frequent questions

Consequently, its in vivo pharmacokinetics are challenging to predict, leading to therapy failures or adverse events. (mdpi.com)
The in vitro metabolism and in vivo pharmacokinetics of the bacterial ß-glucuronidase inhibitor UNC10201652. (bvsalud.org)
The pharmaceutical literature consists of numerous examples of 2-D QSARs, 3-D QSARs and expert systems for modelling the individual components or phases of drug disposition and pharmacokinetics (i.e. absorption, distribution, metabolism and *Corresponding author. (cdc.gov)

Although the adult human brain represents only 2% of the total body weight, it consumes up to 20% of the total glucose metabolism under normal resting physiological conditions (e.g. (frontiersin.org)
Visualization of glucose metabolism is of critical importance for clinical diagnostics and fundamental biological researches. (rsc.org)
This technique utilizes two glucose analogues to present the glucose metabolism, the 13 C-labelled 3-O-propargyl-D-glucose (3-OPG- 13 C 3 ) for glucose uptake and the D7-glucose for glucose incorporation. (rsc.org)
Janowska J, Chudek J, Olszanecka-Glinianowicz M, Semik-Grabarczyk E, Zahorska-Markiewicz B. Interdependencies among Selected Pro-Inflammatory Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction, C-Peptide, Anti-Inflammatory Interleukin-10 and Glucose Metabolism Disturbance in Obese Women. (medsci.org)
We have studied the relationship between clinical and biochemical parameters and C-peptide and anti-inflammatory IL-10, as well as selected markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction such as: CCL2, CRP, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and E-selectin in obese women with various degree of glucose metabolism disturbance. (medsci.org)
Obese patients were spited in subgroups based on the degree of glucose metabolism disorder. (medsci.org)
In addition to its role in glucose metabolism, this pathway also regulates the redirection of free amino acids to protein synthesis via the mTOR-signaling pathway. (hindawi.com)

Results showed that myriocin blocked de novo synthesis of sphingolipids in vivo by SPT inhibition and induced c- myc expression in liver. (cdc.gov)
In-vitro metabolism studies demonstrated significant inhibition of riluzole metabolism when it was co-incubated with ciprofloxacin or grapefruit juice. (researchgate.net)
CYP1A2 inhibition can cause alteration of the metabolism of many important drugs like theophylline, clozapine, olanzapine, and caffeine [27]. (researchgate.net)
To determine the extent to which the inhibition of the 3A4 metabolic pathway could affect the metabolism of SB-773812, Ketoconazole a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor, was co-administered with SB-773812. (page-meeting.org)

The 'ADME Toxicology (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism And Elimination)Testing market outlook to 2030' report includes the latest predictions of the global ADME Toxicology (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism And Elimination)Testing market along with geography, therapy area, and applications. (researchandmarkets.com)
The report specifically focuses on different types of ADME Toxicology (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism And Elimination)Testing with special attention to their emergence over the forecast period to 2030. (researchandmarkets.com)
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The ADME Toxicology (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism And Elimination)Testing market report aggregates the current market size based on volume and average price data. (researchandmarkets.com)
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12 countries across these regions are analyzed independently in the ADME Toxicology (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism And Elimination)Testing report. (researchandmarkets.com)
This provides strong support for ADME Toxicology (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism And Elimination)Testing market growth in the medium to long term future. (researchandmarkets.com)
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To address the expanding need for advanced ADME Toxicology (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism And Elimination)Testing products, companies are rapidly embracing the new market dynamics, primarily focusing on new launches, specifically to suit local and regional demand patterns. (researchandmarkets.com)
Accordingly, detailed discussion about broader implications of key strategies, product launches, and other latest ADME Toxicology (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism And Elimination)Testing market developments are included in the research work. (researchandmarkets.com)
This report covers the 2021 market scenario and outlook of ADME Toxicology (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism And Elimination)Testing to 2030. (researchandmarkets.com)
Market size is computed using different types, applications of ADME Toxicology (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism And Elimination)Testing across geographies. (researchandmarkets.com)
Several reviews and reports present the advantages and limitations of the currently available algorithms and software for in silico modelling of the drug dissolution/bioavailability, oral absorption rate/fraction, volume of distribution, path- ways, affinities or rates of metabolism, renal excretion rate as well as affinity for specific transporters [3-20]. (cdc.gov)

Saltiel, A.R. & Kahn, C.R. Insulin signalling and the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. (nature.com)
While the physiological role of adipose tissue in cholesterol and oxLDL metabolism remains to be established, the induction of OLR1 is a potential means by which PPARγ ligands regulate lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in adipocytes. (jci.org)
Disturbed lipid and carbohydrate metabolism are manifested by enhanced inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in patients with simply obesity. (medsci.org)
The microRNA cluster, miR-130b/301b, is highly expressed in adipose tissues and has been implicated in metabolic diseases as a post-transcriptional regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and lipid metabolism. (figshare.com)

Due to technical limitations in large-scale, quantitative protein measurements, it remains unresolved to what extent the circadian clock regulates metabolism by driving rhythms of protein abundance. (mpg.de)

The average CL(int) value (sum of 4- and alpha-hydroxylation) obtained using three human liver microsomal samples was 4-fold higher than that obtained using three small intestinal microsomal samples from the same donors, indicating the minor contribution of intestinal metabolism to alprazolam disposition. (nih.gov)
Thank you for sharing this Drug Metabolism & Disposition article. (aspetjournals.org)
Message Body (Your Name) thought you would be interested in this article in Drug Metabolism & Disposition. (aspetjournals.org)

These results are inconsistent with the canonical model of hepatic metabolism in which Akt is an obligate intermediate for proper insulin signaling. (nature.com)
Simultaneous in vivo assessment of cardiac and hepatic metabolism in the diabetic rat using hyperpolarized MRS. (ox.ac.uk)
We have demonstrated the ability to measure cardiac and hepatic metabolism simultaneously, with sufficient sensitivity to detect metabolic alterations in both organs. (ox.ac.uk)

Namely, the rate of oxidative metabolism in astrocytes is about half of that in neurons, and it can increase as much as the rate of neuronal metabolism in response to sensory stimulation. (frontiersin.org)
and to establish that astrocyte energy metabolism is substantial and that ATP synthesis predominantly occurs by oxidative metabolism. (wikipedia.org)

In contrast to normal cells, most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactate fermentation, even in the presence of oxygen, a less efficient metabolism compared to a low rate of glycolysis followed by mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Furthermore, HIF-1 actively limits the mitochondrial consumption of pyruvate at two levels: (i) through the enzyme PDK (PDH-kinase), which in turn inhibits PDH activity preventing the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA, and thereby limiting mitochondrial metabolism of pyruvate [ 6 ] and (ii) through the direct activation of LDH [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)

Scientists working in basic, translational, and clinical cancer metabolism research are invited to join the Academy in New York on April 17th to discuss the intersection between cell signaling and metabolism. (nyas.org)

The Fourth edition includes additional chapters on new approaches to toxicology - molecular methods (-omics: toxicogenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics), bioinformatics, and systems biology - and continues the legacy of its predecessors to provide up-to-date insights into acute toxicity and chemical carcinogenesis, organ toxicity, in vitro and in vivo toxicity testing, ecological risk assessment, and many other areas of toxicology that help foster a solid comprehension of the field. (chipsbooks.com)

With the development and optimization of non-invasive techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), several groups have worked on assessing cerebral metabolism in vivo . (frontiersin.org)
His research targets the development of fast shimming techniques and spectroscopy methods at ultra-high magnetic fields in magnetic resonance, and their application in biomedical settings, such as the non-invasive characterization of the metabolism of neural glia cells in both rodent models and humans. (wikipedia.org)
The effect of ω3 fatty acids on the metabolism of the normal liver was studied using 31P NMR spectroscopy. (westminster.ac.uk)
In vivo assessments, using MRI and MRS, provide non-invasive and accurate measurements, and the development of hyperpolarized 13 C spectroscopy in particular has been demonstrated to provide valuable metabolic data in real time. (ox.ac.uk)

While the pattern of oxidation was similar among in vitro and in vivo derived embryos, a low pyruvate to lactate ratio was the preferred substrate of embryos derived in vitro . (biomedcentral.com)

Distinct insulins in humans and mice permit in vivo studies of human β-cell regulation after human islet transplantation in immunocompromised mice, whereas identical glucagon sequences prevent analogous in vivo measures of glucagon output from human α-cells. (nature.com)
We attempted to predict the in vivo metabolic clearance of alprazolam from in vitro metabolic studies using human liver microsomes and human CYP recombinants. (nih.gov)
The values of CL(int), in vivo predicted from in vitro studies using human liver microsomes and CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 recombinants were within 2.5 times of the observed value calculated from literature data. (nih.gov)
Since the mid-twentieth century the idea that brain energy metabolism is coupled to neuronal activity has emerged, and a number of studies supported this hypothesis. (frontiersin.org)
You can conduct in vivo PK studies with fast starts today. (labcorp.com)
In vivo metabolism studies are critical to the development of compounds. (labcorp.com)
Select from flexible metabolism studies and services, ranging from high throughput PK screening of compound libraries through definitive dose linearity and escalation/tolerability ahead of safety assessment or your IND/CTA filing . (labcorp.com)
In addition to offering a full suite of in vivo metabolism studies required to answer regulatory questions, we provide assistance with regulatory consutling or writing assistance for regulatory documentation. (labcorp.com)
Surgical embryo recovery was performed on Days 4 and 6 after onset of estrus (Day 0) and recovered embryos were subjected to comparative metabolism studies with in vitro derived embryos at the same stage of development. (biomedcentral.com)
Neuroimaging studies showed widespread white matter changes and brain atrophy in DM1, but only a few studies investigated the role of white matter metabolism in the pathophysiology of central nervous system impairment. (unipr.it)
1977. Metabolism of haloforms to carbon monoxide: I. In vitro studies. (cdc.gov)
Similar in vivo studies involving people with and those without diabetes are needed. (medscape.com)
While the majority of genetic association studies investigating variation in alcohol metabolism have focused on polymorphisms in alcohol or aldehyde dehydrogenases, we have now tested for association with genes in alternative metabolic pathways that catalyze the carbon skeleton of ethanol (EtOH) and NADH reoxidation. (blogspot.com)
Equipped with a Bruker Biospec 11.7T MRI the platform can proceed to a wide range of in vivo studies. (uclouvain.be)
While a few studies have attempted reprogramming of glioblastoma (GBM) cells toward a neuronal fate, this approach has not yet been used to induce differentiation into other lineages and in vivo data on reduction in tumorigenicity are limited. (lu.se)
BSL BIOSERVICE offers a wide range of services from early pharmacological screening studies in tissue culture, cellular assays accompanying clinical trials as well as a broad based portfolio of in vivo services. (pharmaceutical-business-review.com)

Our large-scale proteomic analysis reveals thus that circadian post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms play a key role in the temporal orchestration of liver metabolism and physiology. (mpg.de)

Although these techniques tackle the coupling between neuronal activity and metabolism, they lack chemical specificity and fail in providing information on neuronal and glial metabolic pathways underlying those processes. (frontiersin.org)

In conclusion, we have succeeded in carrying out an in vitro/in vivo scaling of alprazolam metabolism using human liver microsomes and human CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 recombinants. (nih.gov)

Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism occur in many forms. (medscape.com)
Acquired or secondary derangements in carbohydrate metabolism, such as diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar coma, and hypoglycemia, all affect the central nervous system. (medscape.com)
The remaining disorders of carbohydrate metabolism are the rare inborn errors of metabolism (ie, genetic defects). (medscape.com)
The inherited defects affecting carbohydrate metabolism that have been discovered so far are inherited as autosomal recessive traits. (medscape.com)
Most of the known defects of carbohydrate metabolism appear to be due to point mutations. (medscape.com)

Overall, we did not find strong evidence that variation in genes coding for proteins that further metabolize the carbon backbone of acetaldehyde, or contribute to mechanisms for regenerating NAD from NADH, affects alcohol metabolism in our European-descent subjects. (blogspot.com)

These results demonstrate that resveratrol could significantly scavenge reactive oxygen species, inhibit As 2 O 3 -induced oxidative damage, and significantly attenuate the accumulation of arsenic in renal tissues by facilitating As 2 O 3 metabolism. (springer.com)

The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of alprazolam is reported to increase following co-administration of ketoconazole and the magnitude of the increase predicted from the in vitro K(i) values and reported pharmacokinetic parameters of ketoconazole was 2.30-2.45, which is close to the value observed in vivo (3.19). (nih.gov)

The assumption that in vivo bioavailability correlates with the in vitro bioaccessibility was verified in an in vivo blood kinetics study in rats, using three representative substances. (europa.eu)

Ruth Andrew graduated as a pharmacist from the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK in 1989 and carried out her PhD in pharmaceutical analysis using GC-MS to study synthesis and metabolism of adrenal medullary hormones in hypertensive subjects. (ed.ac.uk)

1980. Halogenated methanes: Metabolism and toxicity. (cdc.gov)

Quantification evaluation of bromodichloromethane metabolism by recombinant rat and human cytochrome P450s. (cdc.gov)

To evaluate the biological effects of myriocin in vivo, we investigated the levels of free sphingoid bases and expression of selected genes regulating cell growth in mouse liver. (cdc.gov)

Although analyses that in vivo microenvironment. (cdc.gov)
In contrast, cancer cells shift their metabolism toward lactate production even in the presence of oxygen [ 4 ], partly through genetic modifications that stabilize the transcription factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) involved in the adaptation of the cells to hypoxia, under nonhypoxic conditions as well as generating an adaptive response to the hypoxic microenvironment (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)

Decoupling of the two peaks allows in-vivo imaging and simultaneous observation of glucose uptake and incorporation in cells with sub-cellular resolution. (rsc.org)

31P NMR liver spectra in vivo (4.7 T) confirmed increased [PDE]/[ATP] in rats fed fish oil compared to controls, although the difference was only statistically significant at a TR of 1.5 s but not at a TR of 8s. (westminster.ac.uk)
This protocol was subsequently used to assess metabolism in the heart and liver of seven control male Wistar rats and seven diabetic rats (diabetes was induced by three weeks of high-fat feeding and a 30 mg/kg injection of streptozotocin). (ox.ac.uk)

The hallmark of the pathologic report was the marked infiltration by foamy macrophages of joints and aortic valves, and prominent deposits of fat within intestinal mucosa and mesenteric lymph nodes, which made Whipple consider this case an obscure disease of fat metabolism and propose the name intestinal lipodystrophy. (medscape.com)

Moreover, brain energy metabolism was demonstrated to be compartmentalized in neurons and astrocytes, and astrocytic glycolysis was proposed to serve the energetic demands of glutamatergic activity. (frontiersin.org)
Shedding light on the role of astrocytes in brain metabolism, the earlier picture of astrocytes being restricted to a scaffold-associated function in the brain is now out of date. (frontiersin.org)
In this context, 1 H MRS has allowed the measurements of energy metabolism-related compounds, whose concentrations can vary under different brain activation states. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we review state-of-the-art MR methods to study brain function and metabolism in vivo , and their contribution to the current understanding of how astrocytic energy metabolism supports glutamatergic activity and cerebral function. (frontiersin.org)
Rolf Gruetter (born 1962 in Geneva) is a Swiss physicist and neurobiologist specialized in magnetic resonance, biomedical imaging and brain metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
and to the creation of mathematical model of brain metabolism encompassing quantitative metabolic rates in the live brain. (wikipedia.org)
and to the in vivo mensuration of brain glycogen metabolism and content. (wikipedia.org)
A mathematical model of compartmentalized neurotransmitter metabolism in the human brain" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
Two orthogonal saddle coils, one tuned to the resonant frequency of 13 C and the other to the resonant frequency of 1 H, were used to monitor the in vivo metabolism of [1- 13 C]glucose in rhesus monkey brain at 2.1 T. Difference spectra showed the appearance of 13 C-enriched glutamate and glutamine 30 to 40 min after a bolus injection of [1- 13 C]glucose. (umn.edu)

We suggest that GKO-NSG mice provide an unprecedented resource to investigate human α-cell regulation in vivo. (nature.com)
Rather, they show that a major role of hepatic Akt is to restrain the activity of Foxo1 and that in the absence of Foxo1, Akt is largely dispensable for insulin- and nutrient-mediated hepatic metabolic regulation in vivo . (nature.com)
She specialises in understanding regulation of glucocorticoid action in metabolic and inflammatory diseases and has developed innovative tools to study steroid metabolism and flux in vivo, most recently by mass spectrometry imaging. (ed.ac.uk)

2002. Evidence for the involvement of CYP1A2 in the metabolism of bromodichloromethane. (cdc.gov)

Plasticity of energy metabolism in creatine deficient mice. (ru.nl)

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of resveratrol on As 2 O 3 -induced nephrotoxicity and arsenic metabolism. (springer.com)
Baur JA, Sinclair DA (2006) Therapeutic potential of resveratrol: the in vivo evidence. (springer.com)

His research group pioneered the development of the first ultra-compact, fully integrated, single-fiber scanning endomicroscope for performing label-free functional imaging of tissue histology in vivo, in situ, and in real time. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
I am Director of the Centre for In Vivo Imaging , which represents Newcastle University's in vivo imaging portfolio. (ncl.ac.uk)
Lastly I apply mass spectrometry to enable tracking of steroid metabolism, using stable-isotope tracers and also advanced methods of MS detection e.g. imaging. (ed.ac.uk)

Understanding and assessing diabetic metabolism is vital for monitoring disease progression and improving treatment of patients. (ox.ac.uk)

These beneficial biological properties have been extensively studied in humans and animal models, both in vitro and in vivo . (hindawi.com)

Variation in alcohol metabolism affects the duration of intoxication and alcohol use. (blogspot.com)
Chen B, Arnold LL, Cohen SM, Thomas DJ, Le XC (2011) Mouse arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase genotype affects metabolism and tissue dosimetry of arsenicals after arsenite administration in drinking water. (springer.com)

Circadian clocks are endogenous oscillators that drive the rhythmic expression of a broad array of genes, orchestrating metabolism and physiology. (mpg.de)
Two of these environment, pathogens must be able to regulate the neces- methods, signature-tagged mutagenesis and in vivo sary genes in coordination as they move from the environ- expression technology, do not directly measure gene ment to the host and from one host niche to another. (cdc.gov)

OLR1 expression in white adipose tissue is increased in obesity and is further induced by PPARγ ligand treatment in vivo. (jci.org)

Its metabolism, including uptake and incorporation, is vital to sustain the energy consumption of living organisms. (rsc.org)
The synchronization and ovulatory responses of Sangsari cross bred ewes and metabolism of energy substrates in 8-cell stage embryos to hatched blastocysts stage produced in vitro or in vivo were investigated. (biomedcentral.com)

Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism. (nottingham.ac.uk)

I study glucocorticoids and their actions on fuel metabolism and inflammation. (ed.ac.uk)

Concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides are strongly correlated in the adipocyte, but little is known about mechanisms regulating cholesterol metabolism in fat cells. (jci.org)
Two different concentrations of glucose were compared, but this did not affect metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
31P NMR spectra of rat liver extracts (8.7 T) suggested that increased concentrations of glycerophosphocoline and possibly glycerophosphoethanolamine were responsible for rising PDE levels in vivo. (westminster.ac.uk)

Data from high throughput in vitro tests are being generated for many chemicals of environmental and commercial interest, with the expectation that in vitro assay data could ultimately be used to predict adverse effects of chemical exposures in vivo. (nih.gov)

Anatomy20

Organisms13

Diseases13

Chemicals and Drugs112

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment29

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes73

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science4

Health Care1

Pharmacokinetics3

Glucose metabolism7

Inhibition4

Absorption14

Lipid4

Regulates1

Disposition3

Hepatic metabolism3

Oxidative metabolism2

Mitochondrial2

Cancer Metabolism1

Toxicology1

Spectroscopy4

Pyruvate1

Studies16

Liver metabolism1

Pathways1

CYP3A41

Carbohydrate metabolism5

NADH1

Renal1

Ketoconazole1

Bioavailability1

Synthesis1

Toxicity1

Quantification1

Biological Effects1

Microenvironment2

Simultaneous1

Rats2

Intestinal1

Brain9

Regulation3

CYP1A21

Plasticity1

Resveratrol2

Imaging3

Diabetic1

Humans1

Affects2

Genes2

Obesity1

Energy2

Cerebral1

Inflammation1

Concentrations3

Predict1