Folate transport and metabolismPolypeptidePhotosynthesisUrea cycleCarbohydrateTransportersPhysiologyMembraneMitochondrialProteinsDissolved oxygenEXCRETIONHematopoieticCellularMoleculesInterplayRegulationSodiumCellsGeneCholesterol TransportVIVOPhosphateGlucose transportPlacentalMolecularHormonesRespiratoryEndogenousSubstancesUptakeAffinityAlterationInsulinAerobicProteinCellInhibitionEnergyMetabolicDisorderChlorideRole
Folate transport and metabolism2
- The differential expression of genes related to folate transport and metabolism during the advancing gestation and pregnancy complications is not well established. (bvsalud.org)
- Alcohol interferes with folate transport and metabolism [ 21 , 22 ]. (cdc.gov)
Polypeptide2
- Impaired organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) function are important to acknowledge in a clinical setting since both of these protein superfamilies have broad substrate specificities. (uwo.ca)
- The disposition of digoxin and the influence of the organic anion transporting polypeptide (Oatp)2 inhibitor rifampicin and the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor quinidine on its hepatic disposition were examined in the isolated perfused rat liver. (aspetjournals.org)
Photosynthesis1
- Throughout regrowth, transcript profiles of 17 genes involved in photosynthesis and carbon metabolism or transport were characterised in stubble and lamina tissue. (edu.au)
Urea cycle1
- Although disturbances in urea cycle metabolism may cause hyperammonemia, similar encephalopathy does not exist in patients with isolated hyperammonemia in the absence of other evidence of hepatic dysfunction. (medscape.com)
Carbohydrate3
- The liver is the center for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
- The insulin signaling pathway (ISP) has a key role in major physiological events like carbohydrate metabolism and growth regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
- Essentials of nutritional biochemistry of macronutrient (protein, carbohydrate,lipid) metabolism from the molecular level to the level of the whole human organism. (upenn.edu)
Transporters3
- Active transport is highly selective and regulated, with different transporters specific to different molecules or ions. (wikipedia.org)
- The expression of folate transporters and enzymes involved in folate metabolism in the placenta with advancing gestation and pregnancy -related disorders were studied by 2-step RT-PCR. (bvsalud.org)
- These data emphasize the importance of uptake and efflux transporters on hepatic drug metabolism. (aspetjournals.org)
Physiology1
- American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism. (lu.se)
Membrane6
- In cellular biology, active transport is the movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration-against the concentration gradient. (wikipedia.org)
- The gene was then discovered for intestinal glucose transport protein and linked to these membrane sodium glucose cotransport systems. (wikipedia.org)
- The first of these membrane transport proteins was named SGLT1 followed by the discovery of SGLT2. (wikipedia.org)
- In an antiporter, one substrate is transported in one direction across the membrane while another is cotransported in the opposite direction. (wikipedia.org)
- In a symporter, two substrates are transported in the same direction across the membrane. (wikipedia.org)
- When ΔG is positive the transport is active, an input of energy is needed to move a molecule up a concentration gradient, contrary to ΔG being negative the transport is passive, which means that such molecules will pass through a membrane down their own gradient, simple diffusion. (wikibooks.org)
Mitochondrial3
- Sheng, Z. H. & Cai, Q. Mitochondrial transport in neurons: impact on synaptic homeostasis and neurodegeneration. (nature.com)
- Individuals who suffer from type 2 diabetes are partly characterized by down-regulation of glucose transport and mitochondrial lipid oxidizing genes. (nioh.ac.za)
- Nuclear respiratory factor, (NRF)-1, is a mitochondrial transcriptional factor shown to be involved in glucose transport and acts as potential therapeutic modality in the management of T2DM. (nioh.ac.za)
Proteins4
- Here we establish optical control of intracellular transport by using light-sensitive heterodimerization to recruit specific cytoskeletal motor proteins (kinesin, dynein or myosin) to selected cargoes. (nature.com)
- In primary active transport, the proteins involved are pumps that normally use chemical energy in the form of ATP. (wikipedia.org)
- The transport may be active transport by carrier proteins with an energy source, or it may be facilitated diffusion or passive transport via channels. (wikibooks.org)
- Hence, we studied the gene expression of folate metabolism and transport proteins in the placenta with advancing gestation , preeclampsia and neural tube defects (NTD). (bvsalud.org)
Dissolved oxygen1
- These findings indicate that the PolS-PolR TCS in M. phosphovorus may be involved in the regulation of poly-P metabolism in response to levels of dissolved oxygen in the environment, and our results provide insights into new approaches for understanding the mechanisms of phosphorus accumulation and release. (figshare.com)
EXCRETION1
- 1981. In vivo metabolism and excretion of propoxur and malathion in the rat: Effect of lead treatment. (cdc.gov)
Hematopoietic1
- Control ineffective erythropoiesis: Ineffective erythropoiesis, a distinctive and principal feature of thalassemia, causes bone marrow expansion, elevated basal metabolism, extra-medullary hematopoietic masses, skeletal deformities of face and skull, fragile bones, and increased absorption of dietary iron. (cdc.gov)
Cellular4
- Active transport requires cellular energy to achieve this movement. (wikipedia.org)
- Unlike passive transport, which uses the kinetic energy and natural entropy of molecules moving down a gradient, active transport uses cellular energy to move them against a gradient, polar repulsion, or other resistance. (wikipedia.org)
- The difference between passive transport and active transport is that the active transport requires energy, and moves substances against their respective concentration gradient, whereas passive transport requires no cellular energy and moves substances in the direction of their respective concentration gradient. (wikipedia.org)
- and cellular metabolism. (upenn.edu)
Molecules4
- This process is in contrast to passive transport, which allows molecules or ions to move down their concentration gradient, from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, without energy. (wikipedia.org)
- Active transport is usually associated with accumulating high concentrations of molecules that the cell needs, such as ions, glucose and amino acids. (wikipedia.org)
- Understanding free energy is the heart of understanding how molecules are transported and/or behave in a concentration gradient. (wikibooks.org)
- Transport of small molecules across membranes. (lu.se)
Interplay1
- Li M. Drug transport and transport-metabolism interplay in the human and rat intestine. (omicsonline.org)
Regulation1
- miRNA regulation of LDL-cholesterol metabolism. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Sodium1
- Effects of sodium and potassium on energy metabolism and sodium transport of toad bladders. (aspetjournals.org)
Cells7
- The apparent permeability value for rosuvastatin across MDR1-Madin-Darby canine kidney cells was low (∼8 nm/s), and no directional transport was observed. (aspetjournals.org)
- Dysregulation of active transport can lead to various disorders, including cystic fibrosis, caused by a malfunctioning chloride channel, and diabetes, resulting from defects in glucose transport into cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Examples of active transport include the uptake of glucose in the intestines in humans and the uptake of mineral ions into root hair cells of plants. (wikipedia.org)
- FLIM technology is also used to analyse the autofluorescence of different tumour cells and tissues and to determine cell metabolism. (uni-ulm.de)
- Passive transport is the moving of biochemicals across membranes of cells without the use of chemical energy. (wikibooks.org)
- Cation transport numbers for four of these electrolytes were measured in Franz cells by the electromotive force method. (cdc.gov)
- In the human body, iron is present in all cells and has several vital functions -- as a carrier of oxygen to the tissues from the lungs in the form of hemoglobin (Hb), as a facilitator of oxygen use and storage in the muscles as myoglobin, as a transport medium for electrons within the cells in the form of cytochromes, and as an integral part of enzyme reactions in various tissues. (cdc.gov)
Gene1
- In this study, we accessed NRF-1 and its target gene expression crucial in glucose transport and lipid oxidation during exercise. (nioh.ac.za)
Cholesterol Transport1
- Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is the process of cholesterol movement from the extrahepatic tissues back to the liver. (anatoljcardiol.com)
VIVO1
- 21] Upregulation of the transport of NTBI is observed in cultured hepatocytes and is likely to occur in vivo. (medscape.com)
Phosphate2
- These conditions may result in failure of osteoid calcification (rickets) in children because of a disruption in the pathway of either vitamin D or phosphate metabolism. (medscape.com)
- In addition, a renal tubular defect that reduces reabsorption may alter phosphate metabolism. (medscape.com)
Glucose transport1
Placental2
- Further elucidation of mechanisms of placental morphogenesis and solute transport could provide clues to improving nutrient transport to the pig fetus, potentially increasing litter size and piglet birth weights. (biomedcentral.com)
- Temporal expression of genes involved in folate metabolism and transport during placental development, preeclampsia and neural tube defects. (bvsalud.org)
Molecular1
- Vale, R. D. The molecular motor toolbox for intracellular transport. (nature.com)
Hormones1
- Hormones need to be produced, transported, properly utilized, and then metabolized (cleared or turned into another substance). (rebelhealthtribe.com)
Respiratory1
- The bifunctional CODH ( cdhAB-2 ) is predicted to play an ubiquitous role in the metabolism of CO, and a novel nitrate reductase-associated respiratory complex was induced specifically in the presence of sulfate. (hindawi.com)
Endogenous1
- Although endogenous epithelium-derived serine proteases regulate epithelial Na(+) transport, the effects of neutrophil elastase on epithelial Na(+) transport and epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) activity are unknown. (nih.gov)
Substances2
- In 1848, the German physiologist Emil du Bois-Reymond suggested the possibility of active transport of substances across membranes. (wikipedia.org)
- Antiport and symport processes are associated with secondary active transport, meaning that one of the two substances is transported against its concentration gradient, utilizing the energy derived from the transport of another ion (mostly Na+, K+ or H+ ions) down its concentration gradient. (wikipedia.org)
Uptake2
- Active transport is essential for various physiological processes, such as nutrient uptake, hormone secretion, and nerve impulse transmission. (wikipedia.org)
- It is concluded that rifampicin limits the hepatic entrance of digoxin and reduced the hepatic exposure of digoxin to CYP3A by inhibiting the basolateral Oatp2 uptake transport, whereas quinidine increased the hepatic exposure of digoxin to CYP3A by inhibiting the canalicular P-gp transport. (aspetjournals.org)
Affinity2
- An Eadie-Hofstee analysis suggested that there were two transport sites in BCRP, with an apparent K m of 10.8 μM for the high affinity site and 307 μM for the low affinity site. (aspetjournals.org)
- The predominance of HbF with its high oxygen affinity makes transporting oxygen less efficient. (cdc.gov)
Alteration2
- Deficient folate status in association with alteration in expression of enzymes involved in folate metabolism might be associated with pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia and NTDs. (bvsalud.org)
- CYP1A2 inhibition can cause alteration of the metabolism of many important drugs like theophylline, clozapine, olanzapine, and caffeine [27]. (researchgate.net)
Insulin1
- Chromium enhances the effects of insulin in metabolism. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
Aerobic1
- Aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolism. (lu.se)
Protein1
- Further examination of miR-148 established that Liver-X-Receptor (LXR) activation of the Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c), the transcription factor responsible for controlling fatty acid production and glucose metabolism, also mediates the expression of miR-148a(4,5) That the promoter region of miR-148 contained binding sites for SREBP1c was shown by chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with massively parallel sequencing (ChIP-seq)(4). (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Cell1
Inhibition1
- In-vitro metabolism studies demonstrated significant inhibition of riluzole metabolism when it was co-incubated with ciprofloxacin or grapefruit juice. (researchgate.net)
Energy3
- Secondary active transport, however, makes use of potential energy, which is usually derived through exploitation of an electrochemical gradient. (wikipedia.org)
- The energy created from one ion moving down its electrochemical gradient is used to power the transport of another ion moving against its electrochemical gradient. (wikipedia.org)
- At 25° (298K), ΔG is +11.4 kJ mol −1 (+2.7 kcal mol −1 ), indicating that this transport process requires an input of energy. (wikibooks.org)
Metabolic1
- Initial weight loss tapers off as your metabolism adjusts to a lower metabolic rate. (selfgrowth.com)
Disorder1
- But taking creatine doesn't seem to improve brain creatine levels in children who have a disorder in which creatine isn't transported properly. (medlineplus.gov)
Chloride1
- The present study investigated the effects of dopamine on chloride transport across cultured rat caudal epididymal epithelium. (nih.gov)
Role1
- These data demonstrate that rosuvastatin is transported efficiently by BCRP and suggest that BCRP plays a significant role in the disposition of rosuvastatin. (aspetjournals.org)