AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation Science
RNASubcellular FractionsNucleic Acid HybridizationRNA, MessengerMolecular Sequence DataNuclear Localization SignalsCell NucleusProtein TransportAmino Acid SequenceCytoplasmBase SequenceCell LineRecombinant Fusion ProteinsCell MembraneCell CompartmentationGreen Fluorescent ProteinsMicroscopy, FluorescenceActive Transport, Cell NucleusMutationMicroscopy, ImmunoelectronImmunohistochemistryLuminescent ProteinsMicroscopy, ConfocalProtein BindingFluorescent Antibody TechniqueProtein Structure, TertiaryMembrane ProteinsCOS CellsHeLa CellsCell FractionationTissue DistributionCells, CulturedTransfectionLipid MetabolismSecond Messenger SystemsBlotting, WesternSequence Homology, Amino AcidSignal TransductionCloning, MolecularEnergy MetabolismGolgi ApparatusBiological TransportProteinsIntracellular SpaceProtein IsoformsCarrier ProteinsNuclear ProteinsPhosphorylationEndoplasmic ReticulumCytosolLiverModels, BiologicalDNA, ComplementaryTranscription, GeneticKineticsCercopithecus aethiopsOrganellesFluorescent Antibody Technique, IndirectSequence AlignmentGene Expression RegulationMicroscopy, ElectronImmunoblottingGene ExpressionSaccharomyces cerevisiaeRNA-Binding ProteinsSound LocalizationTranscription FactorsAmino Acid MotifsDNA PrimersIsoenzymesRecombinant ProteinsReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionBinding SitesProtein Sorting SignalsCell NucleolusKaryopherinsTime FactorsMitochondriaProtein BiosynthesisDrosophila ProteinsIn Situ HybridizationBrainCell PolarityAlternative SplicingProtein Processing, Post-TranslationalDNA-Binding ProteinsRats, Sprague-DawleyArabidopsisNerve Tissue ProteinsTwo-Hybrid System TechniquesCell Line, TumorImmunoprecipitationSaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsPlasmidsGlucoseBlotting, NorthernCricetinaePhosphoproteinsActinsNuclear Export Signals
ProteinsRibosomalProteinIntracellularCytoplasmPost-transcriptionalGenesAssaysRegulateEnzymesCarbohydrate metabolismMammalianMetabolicModifications have been identifiedBioinformaticsEnergy metabolismNuclearReceptorsCytoplasmicREGULATIONTRANSCRIPTSRegulatorsEpitranscriptomicsAffectsTumorCellsPromoterFunctionApproachesSmallAminoBiomarkersFunctionalCellExplorationDefectsCrucialLittle is knownTissue-specificBrainDISORDERSTargetSerumComplex
Proteins24
  • Translation of Xenopus liver messenger RNA in Xenopus oocytes: Vitellogenin synthesis and conversion to yolk platelet proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • The genetic information of life on Earth have been conserved in natural nucleotides-A, G, C, T(U) forming two exclusive sets of base pairs A-T(U) & G-C, that complementing to the fundamental processes of DNA replication & RNA transcription by several polymerases and translation to functional proteins via ribosomal reactions. (fortuneonline.org)
  • While the nuclear shell provides broad protection against host nucleases, it necessitates transport of mRNA out of the nucleus-like compartment for translation by host ribosomes, and transport of specific proteins into the nucleus-like compartment to support DNA replication and mRNA transcription. (bvsalud.org)
  • RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are key regulators of RNA processing and cellular function. (bvsalud.org)
  • Technologies to discover RNA targets of RBPs such as TRIBE (targets of RNA binding proteins identified by editing) and STAMP (surveying targets by APOBEC1 mediated profiling) utilize fusions of RNA base-editors (rBEs) to RBPs to circumvent the limitations of immunoprecipitation (CLIP)-based methods that require enzymatic digestion and large amounts of input material. (bvsalud.org)
  • In order to approach these questions, we have used RNA-binding proteins such as ELAV/Hu, poly (A) binding protein (PABP) and cap-binding protein (eIF-4E) as reporters of gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • RNA-binding proteins can be used as reporters to elucidate components of operational mRNA networks and operons involved in regulating cell-type specific gene expression in tissues and tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we demonstrate that RNA-binding proteins can be used to isolate mRNA populations representing total cell mRNA from specific types of cells, as well as discrete mRNA subpopulations that represent post-transcriptionally regulated subsets of mRNAs that encode functionally related proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our lab has devised biochemical and immunological approaches to gene expression profiling by using RNA-binding proteins as reporters of discrete mRNA subsets in metazoan cells [ 8 - 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For example, we identified subpopulations of mRNAs that are associated with ELAV/Hu RNA-binding proteins that are expressed in specific cell types [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While we and other labs have demonstrated the isolation of mRNA subsets that are potentially co-regulated using RNA binding proteins as reporters of gene expression, methods have not been described that provide information about coordinated posttranscriptional regulation within specific types of cells during tumorigenesis and development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, because many different mRNA-binding proteins in specific cell types are known to interact with unique subpopulations of mRNAs encoding functionally related proteins [ 9 - 15 ] they can be informative of the dynamic effects of cells on one another. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Through recognition of its binding proteins, m6A can regulate various aspects of mRNA metabolism and is essential for maintaining higher brain functions. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • At the sub-cellular scale, maps document the spatial organization of proteins, RNA, DNA, and metabolites with nanometer precision and temporal acuity on the order of seconds. (stanford.edu)
  • These genes, encoding for RNA binding proteins, contain a highly conserved RNA recognition motif and at least one DAZ repeat encoding for a 24 amino acids sequence able to bind other mRNA binding proteins. (ijbs.com)
  • This family includes three members, Boule (or Boll ), Dazl (or Dazla ) and DAZ , encoding RNA binding proteins. (ijbs.com)
  • The localization of DAZ family proteins suggests that they can regulate mRNA translation occurring in the cytoplasm. (ijbs.com)
  • These proteins have a highly conserved RNA recognition motif (RRM) for binding target mRNAs and at least one characteristic sequence of 24 amino acids, which are termed as DAZ repeats [ 1 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Dazl can regulate the expression, transport and localization of target mRNAs of proteins which control the differentiation, growth and maturation of germ cells. (ijbs.com)
  • However, since these kinases regulate a broad range of cellular responses, their compartmentalization in close proximity to their sarcomeric targets is required to facilitate control over which proteins are phosphorylated in response to second messenger signalling [ 8 , 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • At the same time, co-compartmentalization of enzymes or proteins that generate or terminate these second messenger metabolites, such as the phosphodiesterases (PDEs) which degrade cAMP and cGMP, with the relevant responsive kinases helps to optimise the precision and speed of response to second messenger signaling [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The expression and cellular localisation of proteins encoded by selected candidate genes were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Plastid-specific ribosomal proteins (PSRPs) have been proposed to play roles in the light-dependent regulation of chloroplast translation. (cipsm.de)
  • RNA is not only a mediator of genomic information encoded in DNA to the final products, proteins. (amegroups.org)
Ribosomal3
  • The Filipowicz lab reported enrichment of mammalian Dicer at ribosomal RNA loci, suggesting a possible role for Dicer in maintaining integrity of ribosomal DNA arrays. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • In addition, RNA modifications have been characterized not only in abundant non-coding RNA, such as transfer RNA (tRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and small nuclear RNA (snRNAs), but also in messenger RNA (mRNA) [ 2 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • These epitranscriptomic enzymes mark all kinds of RNA species, including mRNAs and ncRNAs, such as ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), transfer RNAs (tRNAs), miRNAs, and lncRNAs ( 11 ). (amegroups.org)
Protein15
  • These assays not only measure the quantitative effects of drugs but are also crucial for evaluating DNA/RNA/protein/small molecules/nanoparticles in biology assays . (marinbio.com)
  • Hypoxia stabilises HIF-1α protein by relaxing its ubiquitin-proteasome degradation [ 12 ] and affects subcellular localisation, DNA binding capacity and transcriptional activation function of the HIF-1 complex. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although HIF-1α protein regulation has been well studied, HIF-1α messenger regulation has only recently begun to be documented [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we identify a conserved phage nuclear shell-associated protein that we term Chimallin C (ChmC), which adopts a nucleic acid-binding fold, binds RNA with high affinity in vitro, and binds phage mRNAs in infected cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • To broaden the repertoire of rBEs suitable for editing-based RBP-RNA interaction studies, we have devised experimental and computational assays in a framework called PRINTER (protein-RNA interaction-based triaging of enzymes that edit RNA) to assess over thirty A-to-I and C-to-U rBEs, allowing us to identify rBEs that expand the characterization of binding patterns for both sequence-specific and broad-binding RBPs. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here we demonstrate that the epitope-tagged RNA binding protein, PABP, expressed separately in tumor cells and endothelial cells can be used to discriminate their respective mRNA targets from mixtures of these cells without significant mRNA reassortment or exchange. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we define a model system for using poly (A) binding protein (PABP) to recover mRNAs from specific cell-types in mixed cell cultures. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The authors showed that transfection of exogenous small interfering (exo-si)RNA triggers silencing of a subset of protein-coding gene promoters. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • The interacting complex contains the RNA binding motif protein 15/15B (RBM15/15B), vir-like m6A methyltransferase associated (VIRMA), zinc finger CCCH-type containing 13 (ZC3H13), and HAKAI which support the functioning and positioning of a writer complex. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The RNA-binding protein, polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1), also named hnRNP I, acts as a critical mediator of insulin biosynthesis through binding to the pyrimidine-rich region in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of insulin mRNA. (molcells.org)
  • The relationship between FENDRR and dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) was explored using bioinformatics analysis, Chromatin Isolation by RNA Purification (CHIRP), Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and Methylation-Specific PCR (MSP) assays. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The emergence of non-protein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNAs (miRNAs) and more recent long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), has shed a light on further dissecting the gene regulatory networks of the heart ( 3 , 4 ). (amegroups.org)
  • We observe that each gene and its products have a unique set of DNA, RNA or protein motifs that encode a regulatory program to define the logical circuitry that guides the life cycle of these biomolecules, from transcription to degradation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Upon binding to 17beta-estradiol or related ligands, the encoded protein forms homo- or hetero-dimers that interact with specific DNA sequences to activate transcription. (cancerindex.org)
  • Cell signaling: Hormones and their receptors, cell surface receptor, signaling through G-protein coupled receptors, signal transduction pathways, second messengers, regulation of signaling pathways, bacterial and plant two-component signaling systems, bacterial chemotaxis and quorum sensing. (pathfinderacademy.in)
Intracellular1
  • Adenyl Cyclase - A membrane-bound enzyme that converts adenosine monophosphate to cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), an intracellular second messenger. (poisonfluoride.com)
Cytoplasm2
  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a large class of RNA molecules ranging in length from 200 to 100,000 nt and located in the nucleus or cytoplasm (Ponting et al. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2019 ). However, the reported lncRNAs in HPH are all focused on the cytoplasm of PASMCs, and the specific lncRNAs located in the nucleus, especially in PAECs involved in HPH progression and their related regulatory mechanism, remain largely unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
Post-transcriptional2
  • Epitranscriptomics, also known as RNA modifications, refers to the study of post-transcriptional modifications of RNA molecules. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The post-transcriptional modifications of mRNA, which include N6-methyladenosine (m6A), N1-methyladenosine (m1A), 5-methylcytidine (m5C), N7-methylguanosine (m7G), and N6,2-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am) add a new layer to regulating mRNA metabolism and gene expression [ 2 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Genes2
  • The results showed that nine ZmCAMTA genes showed highly diversified gene structures and tissue-specific expression patterns. (frontiersin.org)
  • An aberrant miRNA expression could contribute to cancer development and progression [ 6 , 7 ] and could affect their target genes that are involved in many biological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and development [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Assays1
  • With over 27 years of expertise, we deliver highly specialized cellular assays crucial for evaluating drug effects, DNA/RNA interactions, and more. (marinbio.com)
Regulate1
  • In addition to the catalytic domain, eukaryotic sirtuins contain variable amino- and carboxy-terminal extensions that regulate their subcellular localizations and catalytic activity. (biomedcentral.com)
Enzymes3
  • There, he investigated how mRNA formed from heterogeneous nuclear RNA, including exploration of enzymes involved in RNA processing. (wikipedia.org)
  • The lifecycle of RNA is more dynamic, where they can be modified by a variety of enzymes. (amegroups.org)
  • This new field of study extends further understanding of epigenetics from the perspective of RNA, where the terminologies are adopted from epigenetics, including writers, readers, and erasers to categorize epitranscriptomic enzymes. (amegroups.org)
Carbohydrate metabolism1
Mammalian3
  • However, a growing body of evidence points toward localisation and activity of mammalian Dicer in the nucleus. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • A series of studies imply nuclear localisation of mammalian Dicer and association with chromatin. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • It is the most abundant RNA modification, with approximately 25% of mammalian messenger RNAs (mRNA) bearing the mark [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Metabolic2
  • This paper challenges several studies reporting various RNA metabolic functions of Dicer in human nuclei. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • We study the role of the lysosome in metabolic adaptation using subcellular omics approaches, functional genomics and innovative biochemical tools. (stanford.edu)
Modifications have been identified1
  • Indeed, more than 170 RNA modifications have been identified across species ( 6 ). (amegroups.org)
Bioinformatics2
  • Bioinformatics approaches were used to predict the tertiary structure and cellular localization along with phylogenetic analysis of TPD52. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bioinformatics analysis depicted the cytoplasmic localization of TPD52 and the high conservation of its coiled-coil domains. (biomedcentral.com)
Energy metabolism1
  • LKB1 is a serine/threonine kinase mutated in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), implicated in many cellular processes including energy metabolism, cell polarization and cell cycle arrest and has also been shown to play an essential role as a tumor suppressor gene by negatively regulating the mTOR pathway. (scirp.org)
Nuclear2
  • Nuclear re-localization of Dicer in primary mo. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Our data indicate evolutionary conservation of nuclear Dicer localisation and function in mammals in response to DNA damage. (prolekarniky.cz)
Receptors1
  • Recent studies have shed light on the mechanisms by which stress and glucocorticoids affect glutamate transmission, including effects on glutamate release, glutamate receptors and glutamate clearance and metabolism. (nature.com)
Cytoplasmic1
  • Cytoplasmic Dicer is a key component of the canonical micro (mi)RNA biogenesis pathway. (prolekarniky.cz)
REGULATION3
  • RNA modifications known as epitranscriptomics have emerged as a novel layer of transcriptomic regulation. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Given its diverse roles in mRNA metabolism and gene regulation, altered m6A profiles have been linked to various illnesses, including cancers and psychiatric disorders [ 4 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Your second year builds on this knowledge and covers areas such as gene regulation, cell biology and metabolism. (kent.ac.uk)
TRANSCRIPTS1
  • Emerging evidence suggests that N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-modified transcripts of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulators that participate in many diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
Regulators1
  • This class of noncoding RNAs is small, single stranded, and 19-25 nucleotide long that act as negative regulators involved in posttranscriptional silencing of the gene expression [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Epitranscriptomics2
  • The recent emergence of epitranscriptomics provides an avenue for identifying RNA modifications implicated in the pathophysiology of human disease. (amegroups.org)
  • The recent discoveries of RNA modifications and their importance in normal and pathophysiological conditions have led to the emergence of new field of study called, epitranscriptomics ( 7 , 8 ). (amegroups.org)
Affects2
  • Figure 4: Chronic stress affects glial cells and glutamate metabolism. (nature.com)
  • check also tag CHILD or specific HN - 2008 FX - Adolescent Nutrition FX - Infant Nutrition DH - Maternal Nutrition DI - 052505 MN - SP6.021.072 MS - Nutrition of a mother which affects the health of the INFANT as well as herself. (bvsalud.org)
Tumor1
  • Methods have been devised to generate mRNA samples from specific types of tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Cells4
  • Having found that cytokines and hormones change the way in which glucose is taken up by cells, Berridge shifted his research focus to glucose metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
  • Quantitative absorption studies defining cell-lineage-specific antigens on hemopoietic cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Interestingly, Dicer depletion in human cells caused defects in precursor messenger (pre-m)RNA processing [ 8 ]. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • We further assessed and confirmed these interactions by fluorescent 3D-co-localization in differentiated H9C2 cells as well as by in vivo co-immunoprecipitation. (biomedcentral.com)
Promoter2
  • Silencing of the apyrase gene family with RNA interference constructs under the control of the constitutive 35S promoter led to a strong decrease in apyrase activity to below 10% of the wild-type level. (mpg.de)
  • Additionally, DRP1 is a downstream target gene of FENDRR, and FENDRR formed an RNA-DNA triplex with the promoter of DRP1, which led to an increase in DRP1 promoter methylation that decreased the transcriptional level of DRP1. (biomedcentral.com)
Function1
  • Although their enzymatic properties have been well characterized, relatively little is known regarding their subcellular localization and physiological function in plants. (mpg.de)
Approaches1
  • In this study, we used reverse genetic and biochemical approaches to investigate the role of potato (Solanum tuberosum)-specific apyrase. (mpg.de)
Small2
  • The endoribonuclease Dicer recognises and processes double-stranded (ds)RNA substrates of various origins into small non-coding (nc)RNA [ 1 ]. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • The latter two studies conclude that Dicer association with chromatin may be mediated by the localised production of dsRNA, which is processed into endogenous small interfering (endo-si)RNA to mediate heterochromatin formation by recruitment of G9a methyltransferase in a Dicer-dependent manner. (prolekarniky.cz)
Amino1
  • The review also outlines the vast applications of UBPs as novel information storage components as well as in creation of semi-synthetic organisms expressing non canonical amino acids, high affinity aptamer generation, PCR based diagnostics and sitespecific labelling of RNAs. (fortuneonline.org)
Biomarkers1
  • Currently, there are no specific biomarkers for OC as the serum marker CA-125 is also elevated in various other conditions [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Functional1
  • Although RNA modifications have been reported in many tissues and disease contexts, detailed functional studies in the heart and cardiovascular disease are only beginning to be reported. (amegroups.org)
Cell2
  • At molecular level, these processes may be triggered by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and necessitates specific alterations in cell metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we map neuronal identities in the hypothalamus by single-cell RNA sequencing. (nature.com)
Exploration1
  • The conventional surgical approach is bilateral neck exploration, whereas minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) has been made possible by the introduction of 99m Tc-sestamibi scintigraphy for preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas. (snmjournals.org)
Defects1
  • Loss of PINK1 also produced specific, directionally balanced defects in mitochondrial transport, without altering the balance between stationary and moving mitochondria. (sdbonline.org)
Crucial1
  • We describe the evidence that underlies both this fact and that potato-specific apyrase has a crucial role in regulating growth and development. (mpg.de)
Little is known1
  • little is known about the cellular and subcellular distribution of βARs within the amygdala. (frontiersin.org)
Tissue-specific1
Brain1
  • Mounting evidence suggests that stress, along with the associated hormonal and neurochemical mediators (particularly glucocorticoids), induces changes in glutamate release, transmission and metabolism in cortical and limbic brain areas, thereby influencing cognitive and emotional processing and behaviour. (nature.com)
DISORDERS1
  • Data table showing topics related to specific cancers and associated disorders. (cancerindex.org)
Target1
  • We believe our study streamlines and enhances the selection of rBEs for the next generation of RBP-RNA target discovery. (bvsalud.org)
Serum1
  • the homologous and heterologous serological titers of a specific serum can be integrated in a bidimensional system which characterizes the criteria of relationship and dominace. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Complex1
  • RBM15/15B mediate the binding of a writer complex to the U enriched region on mRNA and recruit writer complexes to specific sites [ 9 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)