Mitochondrial dysfunctionFree radicalsDysfunctionReduce oxidative stressMarker of oxidative stressGlutathioneReduces oxidative stressAntioxidantApoptosisReactive oxygenGlucoseLevels of oxidativeAntioxidantsLipidsCellularInflammationMitochondriaDefense mechanismsMechanismsHumansDamageIonizing radiationDysfunctionalProteinsCancer MetabolismOxidationProcessesAstrocytesPathwaysLiverCollagenAccumulationOxygenImpairsHomeostasisRedoxProteinCompoundsGenesNeuronalEffectsFindingsEnergyClinicalResponseVivoSkeletalDetoxification
Mitochondrial dysfunction5
- Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are important mechanisms of ventricular remodeling, predisposed to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) in type 2 diabetes mellitus. (mdpi.com)
- These results suggest disruption to fatty acid uptake, energy metabolism and increased oxidative stress, and point towards pathways related to mitochondrial dysfunction, which has previously been linked to benzene exposure in animal models and human studies. (cdc.gov)
- Aβ-mediated oxidative stress results in mitochondrial dysfunction, impairment of glucose metabolism, loss of proteostasis and synaptic plasticity, altered signal transduction, neuroinflammation, and progressive loss of neurons 9 . (nature.com)
- Progressive mitochondrial accumulation of incompletely translocated APP caused mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired cellular energy metabolism. (jneurosci.org)
- There is also growing evidence that FFA-mediated oxidative stress contributes significantly to mitochondrial dysfunction in the liver. (spandidos-publications.com)
Free radicals4
- Research suggests aging is caused by cumulative oxidative stress due to free radicals generated in biological systems both via metabolism and as a result of exposure to UV light (Stojiljkovic, 2014). (promocell.com)
- Free radicals, both the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), can lead to damage of biomolecules which then affects gene expression, cell metabolism and distinct physiological functions. (promocell.com)
- Alongside benefits for our metabolism, Vitamin B2 can help reduce tiredness and fatigue, as well as protect cells from oxidative stress and damage by free radicals. (victoriahealth.com)
- This is a condition characterized by a state of chronic hyperglycaemia that leads to an increase of intracellular oxidative stress linked to the overproduction of free radicals. (researchgate.net)
Dysfunction5
- Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular inflammatory disease associated to oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. (hindawi.com)
- Therefore, with the aim to summarize the current knowledge on the initiation of the atherosclerotic process, in this paper, we review the early markers of atherosclerosis and we address the main therapeutic targets for preventing atheroma formation at its very initial stages focusing on inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and the interaction between platelets and endothelium. (hindawi.com)
- The imbalance between disposal systems and production of these species leads to dysfunction of macromolecules and cells at the heart of the phenomenon of oxidative stress. (cea.fr)
- SIRT3 deficiency further aggravated HFD-induced cognitive dysfunction and susceptibility to oxidative stress injury. (hindawi.com)
- This results in hyperglycemia and pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, especially when repeatedly exposed to oxidative stress. (vitalitymagazine.com)
Reduce oxidative stress2
- Results suggested that supplementation with seabuckthorn extract helps to reduce oxidative stress in liver and muscle of rats during C-H-R exposure and post-stress recovery. (nih.gov)
- Coffee also has vasodilatory effects and contains antioxidant polyphenols, which reduce oxidative stress and modulate metabolism. (medscape.com)
Marker of oxidative stress4
- Significant higher levels of allantoin in both plasma and erythrocytes of patients with chronic renal failure indicate that allantoin may be used as a good marker of oxidative stress. (degruyter.com)
- Allantoin as a marker of oxidative stress in human erythrocytes" Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine , vol. 46, no. 9, 2008, pp. 1270-1274. (degruyter.com)
- Kand'ár, R. and Žáková, P. (2008) Allantoin as a marker of oxidative stress in human erythrocytes. (degruyter.com)
- G SNP, a marker of oxidative stress (NAD[P]H quinone oxidoreductase mRNA) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. (diabetesjournals.org)
Glutathione6
- The meta-analysis showed that blood concentrations of oxidative glutathione (GSSG), malondialdehyde, homocysteine, S -adenosylhomocysteine, nitric oxide, and copper were higher in children with ASD than that of HC children. (nature.com)
- Additionally, given the consistent and large effective size, glutathione metabolism biomarkers have the potential to inform early diagnosis of ASD. (nature.com)
- Chemically, oxidative stress is associated with increased production of oxidizing species or a significant decrease in the effectiveness of antioxidant defenses, such as glutathione. (wikipedia.org)
- SOD is a potential therapeutic agent in diseases related to oxidative stress and as a material for moderating the aging process, because of its high antioxidant efficiency (much higher than that of glutathione or other reducing agents) and early action in the initial stages of ROS metabolism. (dojindo.com)
- Since glutathione also has superoxidescavenging activity, it contributes to a reductive atmosphere in cells and tissues to avoid oxidative damage. (dojindo.com)
- Acrylonitrile (ACN), one of the top 50 chemicals produced in the world, is a very powerful pro-oxidant compound whose metabolism leads to a profound glutathione (GSH) depletion and to a production of cyanide (CN) which, in turn, can inhibit superoxide dismutase (SOD). (cdc.gov)
Reduces oxidative stress1
- It increases immunity, reduces oxidative stress and protects against free radical damage. (ipsnews.net)
Antioxidant5
- Though the exact mechanism is not known, the therapeutic effect of edaravone (Radicava) is thought to be a result of its antioxidant properties, which combat oxidative stress. (mda.org)
- In response to stress, activation of detoxification systems is linked to the action of antioxidant metabolism enzymes. (cea.fr)
- Tea catechins and polyphenols: health effects, metabolism, and antioxidant functions. (oregonstate.edu)
- It acts as an anti-inflammatory supplement (exposure negative reviews) and an antioxidant to combat free radical damage and oxidative stresses. (ipsnews.net)
- Metabolomic analyses on RBCs from obese donors (44.1 ± 5.1 kg/m2 ) had altered membrane lipid composition, dysregulation of antioxidant pathways (eg, increased oxidized lipids, methionine sulfoxide, and xanthine), and dysregulation of nitric oxide metabolism, as compared to RBCs from nonobese (20.5 ± 1.0 kg/m2 ) donors. (rti.org)
Apoptosis5
- However, more severe oxidative stress can cause cell death, and even moderate oxidation can trigger apoptosis, while more intense stresses may cause necrosis. (wikipedia.org)
- Chronic ER stress promotes apoptosis, at least in part through the UPR-induced transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). (jci.org)
- These findings suggest that CHOP is a fundamental factor that links protein misfolding in the ER to oxidative stress and apoptosis in β cells under conditions of increased insulin demand. (jci.org)
- The hippocampus neuron oxidative stress and apoptosis were both decreased compared to untrained HFD group, which finally improved cognitive function of HFD mice. (hindawi.com)
- Several mechanisms of neuronal cell death have been proposed for HD, including excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, impaired energy metabolism, and apoptosis. (medscape.com)
Reactive oxygen5
- These results demonstrate that resveratrol could significantly scavenge reactive oxygen species, inhibit As 2 O 3 -induced oxidative damage, and significantly attenuate the accumulation of arsenic in renal tissues by facilitating As 2 O 3 metabolism. (springer.com)
- Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the systemic manifestation of reactive oxygen species and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting damage. (wikipedia.org)
- Production of reactive oxygen species is a particularly destructive aspect of oxidative stress. (wikipedia.org)
- Although oxygen itself is an essential element of life, molecules in cells, such as DNA and proteins, are sometimes damaged by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in what is called oxidative stress. (dojindo.com)
- AD astrocytes also showed alterations in their energy metabolism which likely led to increased production of reactive oxygen species and reduced production of lactate, an important energy substrate for neurons. (neurosciencenews.com)
Glucose3
- Although the adult human brain represents only 2% of the total body weight, it consumes up to 20% of the total glucose metabolism under normal resting physiological conditions (e.g. (frontiersin.org)
- HALLIWELL, B. Oxidative stress, dysfunctional glucose metabolism and Alzheimer disease. (bvsalud.org)
- In animals, açai supplementation and exercise led to benefits in exercise tolerance and improvements in several hemodynamic parameters, as well as significant improvements in liver markers and glucose metabolism. (bvsalud.org)
Levels of oxidative2
- However, under the severe levels of oxidative stress that cause necrosis, the damage causes ATP depletion, preventing controlled apoptotic death and causing the cell to simply fall apart. (wikipedia.org)
- In addition, we found that isolated islets from Chop -/- mice displayed increased expression of UPR and oxidative stress response genes and reduced levels of oxidative damage. (jci.org)
Antioxidants6
- Antioxidants ameliorate oxidative stress in alcoholic liver injury by modulating lipid metabolism and phospholipid homeostasis. (bvsalud.org)
- However, the correlation between the improved effect of antioxidants and lipid metabolism is still unclear. (bvsalud.org)
- Additionally, antioxidants ameliorated the alcohol-impaired mitochondrial function and inhibited excessive oxidative stress . (bvsalud.org)
- In conclusion, antioxidants can regulate lipid metabolism and phospholipid homeostasis , which in turn inhibit oxidative stress and thereby exert protective effects against ALD. (bvsalud.org)
- Oxidative stress is commonly defined as an imbalance between pro- and antioxidants (Tan, 2018). (promocell.com)
- It is designed to protect against outside damage including UV light exposure and has several defense mechanisms to protect against oxidative damage including antioxidants such as superoxide dismutases, CGT, catalases, GSH and ascorbic acid. (promocell.com)
Lipids1
- Lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and DNA are all susceptible to oxidative damage and this damage can change gene transcription along with cell proliferation and differentiation and is involved in several diseases including diabetes and obesity, cancer and neurological disorders (Kregel, 2007). (promocell.com)
Cellular6
- Further, some reactive oxidative species act as cellular messengers in redox signaling. (wikipedia.org)
- Thus, oxidative stress can cause disruptions in normal mechanisms of cellular signaling. (wikipedia.org)
- G promoter SNP and potentially cellular oxidative stress. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Oxygen-containing charged particles are common byproducts of cellular metabolism. (mda.org)
- The aim of the Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Detoxification (LSOD) is the study of enzymatic systems playing a major role in the processes of oxidative stress and / or cellular detoxification. (cea.fr)
- Insulin is the hormone that regulates cellular nourishment by aiding in the absorption and metabolism of nutrients from the blood. (vitalitymagazine.com)
Inflammation4
- Neopterin, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress: What Could We Be Missing? (mdpi.com)
- Neopterin has been extensively used as a clinical marker of immune activation during inflammation in a wide range of conditions and stresses. (mdpi.com)
- Oxidative stress results from an imbalance of pro- and anti-oxidants and leads to faster skin aging, inflammation and disease. (promocell.com)
- Oxidative stress can become a self-fuelling cycle, where the initial stress leads to dysregulation of physiological processes, inflammation and a deregulated immune system which in turn lead to various diseases that may cause further inflammation and oxidative stress. (promocell.com)
Mitochondria2
- Oxygen metabolism in the mitochondria contribute around 90% of ROS in a cell. (promocell.com)
- We aim to understand how chloroplasts and mitochondria play dual functions in the plant cell as 1) metabolic hubs for photosynthesis and respiration respectively, and 2) environmental stress sensors for the cell by releasing a variety of distress signals upon perception of unfavourable conditions. (edu.au)
Defense mechanisms2
- In response, aerobic organisms created defense mechanisms to avoid oxidative stress. (dojindo.com)
- Oxidative stress has recently become the focus of many studies seeking to understand these defense mechanisms and the relationships between oxidative damage and disease or aging processes. (dojindo.com)
Mechanisms3
- In the present review, we focus our attention on the molecular mechanisms leading to oxidative stress-mediates. (researchgate.net)
- Measurement of these modifications is important for understanding the mechanisms of oxidative DNA damage and its biological repercussions. (dojindo.com)
- Mechanisms of oxidative stress in the potentiation of noise -induced hearing loss by acrylonitrile. (cdc.gov)
Humans3
- Uric acid is the final product of purine metabolism in humans. (degruyter.com)
- Therefore, the measurement of allantoin may be useful for the determination of oxidative stress in humans. (degruyter.com)
- For this purpose, two different drugs were used: (1) Sodium thiosulfate (STS), a CN antidote commonly used in humans in case of CN poisoning and (2) 4-methylpyrazole (4MP) which blocks ACN metabolism through the oxidative pathway, preventing CN formation. (cdc.gov)
Damage12
- Cadenas S, Barja G (1999) Resveratrol, melatonin, vitamin E, and PBN protect against renal oxidative DNA damage induced by the kidney carcinogen KBrO 3 . (springer.com)
- Therefore, it has been proposed that oxidative stress in the developing brains contributes to neuronal damage in genetically susceptible children, which is important in the pathophysiology of ASD. (nature.com)
- Oxidative stress from oxidative metabolism causes base damage, as well as strand breaks in DNA. (wikipedia.org)
- DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation is similar to oxidative stress, and these lesions have been implicated in aging and cancer. (wikipedia.org)
- Results showed that Vc and NAC attenuated intracellular lipid accumulation and oxidative damage induced by excessive alcohol exposure in hepatic AML12 cells . (bvsalud.org)
- The most significant extrinsic factor causing accelerated skin aging is exposure to UV light leading to the production of ROS (Stojiljkovic, 2014) which cause oxidative damage. (promocell.com)
- The appearance of skin aging is caused by underlying damage to collagen and reduced fibroblast size, both caused by ROS which regulates collagen metabolism. (promocell.com)
- Oxidative damage to DNA results from the interaction of DNA with ROS, in particular, hydroxy radicals. (dojindo.com)
- However, clinical data clearly indicate that oxidative DNA damage is related to a number of disease processes such as carcinogenesis and neurodegenerative diseases. (dojindo.com)
- The mechanism by which ACN renders the cochlea more vulnerable to noise damage is still unknown, but we hypothesize that the decrease of GSH and/or the inhibition of SOD reduce the cochlear intrinsic anti-oxidant defenses and ultimately create oxidative stress. (cdc.gov)
- Direct and Oxidative DNA Damage in a Group of Painters Exposed to VOCs: Dose - Response Relationship. (cdc.gov)
- Since considerable evidence indicates that increased oxidative damage is associated with the development of most major age-related degenerative diseases, it has been speculated that PPs may have protective effects against such conditions 58 . (bvsalud.org)
Ionizing radiation1
- ROS can be created by metabolism, ionizing radiation, and carcinogenic compounds that directly interact with DNA. (dojindo.com)
Dysfunctional2
- Atherosclerosis starts with dysfunctional changes in the endothelium induced by disturbed shear stress which can lead to endothelial and platelet activation, adhesion of monocytes on the activated endothelium, and differentiation into proinflammatory macrophages, which increase the uptake of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and turn into foam cells, exacerbating the inflammatory signalling. (hindawi.com)
- But when blood sugar levels are chronically elevated, the pancreas becomes stressed and progressively more dysfunctional, unable to produce enough insulin to deal with the spikes. (vitalitymagazine.com)
Proteins1
- UV radiation that causes oxidative stress and hence aging induces the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that degrade dermal collagen and other proteins from the extracellular matrix (Caravalhaes Lago, 2019). (promocell.com)
Cancer Metabolism1
- Scientists working in basic, translational, and clinical cancer metabolism research are invited to join the Academy in New York on April 17th to discuss the intersection between cell signaling and metabolism. (nyas.org)
Oxidation1
- Chen B, Arnold LL, Cohen SM, Thomas DJ, Le XC (2011) Mouse arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase genotype affects metabolism and tissue dosimetry of arsenicals after arsenite administration in drinking water. (springer.com)
Processes4
- Although these techniques tackle the coupling between neuronal activity and metabolism, they lack chemical specificity and fail in providing information on neuronal and glial metabolic pathways underlying those processes. (frontiersin.org)
- Short-term oxidative stress may also be important in prevention of aging by induction of a process named mitohormesis, and is required to initiate stress response processes in plants. (wikipedia.org)
- Oxidative stress speeds up the aging process however oxidative processes are also essential to the physiological process of energy production in the body. (promocell.com)
- It activates your metabolism and other fat burning processes in your body. (ipsnews.net)
Astrocytes3
- Moreover, brain energy metabolism was demonstrated to be compartmentalized in neurons and astrocytes, and astrocytic glycolysis was proposed to serve the energetic demands of glutamatergic activity. (frontiersin.org)
- Shedding light on the role of astrocytes in brain metabolism, the earlier picture of astrocytes being restricted to a scaffold-associated function in the brain is now out of date. (frontiersin.org)
- Namely, the rate of oxidative metabolism in astrocytes is about half of that in neurons, and it can increase as much as the rate of neuronal metabolism in response to sensory stimulation. (frontiersin.org)
Pathways4
- Metabolic pathway enrichment identified 41 pathways associated with benzene exposure, with altered pathways including carnitine shuttle, fatty acid metabolism, sulfur amino acid metabolism, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and branched chain amino acid metabolism. (cdc.gov)
- Xenobiotic metabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that chemically modify xenobiotics , which are compounds foreign to an organism's normal biochemistry, such as drugs and poisons. (bionity.com)
- The reactions in these pathways are of particular interest in medicine as part of drug metabolism and as a factor contributing to multidrug resistance in infectious diseases and cancer chemotherapy . (bionity.com)
- These pathways are also important in environmental science, with the xenobiotic metabolism of microorganisms determining whether a pollutant will be broken down during bioremediation , or persist in the environment. (bionity.com)
Liver1
- It promotes healthy liver and heart cells, which help to regulate your body's metabolism. (ipsnews.net)
Collagen2
- The age-related alteration of collagen-rich extracellular matrix - promoted by oxidative stress - impairs the skin's structural integrity and creates a tissue microenvironment that promotes age-related skin diseases such as poor wound healing and skin cancer. (promocell.com)
- GeneLink's Skin Health Assessment is a DNA-based test used to genetically predict an individual's risk for a variety of age-associated skin conditions including: premature aging due to excessive oxidative stress, collagen breakdown, photo aging and the skin's ability to tolerate environmental pollutants. (iptoday.com)
Accumulation1
- Previous in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that oxidative stress caused by the accumulation of Aβ contributed to the initiation of AD 8 . (nature.com)
Oxygen3
- The human brain is especially vulnerable to oxidative stress because it accounts for only 2% of body mass but consumes 20% of oxygen 14 . (nature.com)
- Under anoxic conditions, the predominant double-base lesion is a species in which C8 of guanine is linked to the 5-methyl group of an adjacent 3'-thymine (G[8,5- Me]T). Most of these oxygen-derived species are produced by normal aerobic metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
- Oxidative stress is a phenomenon that occurs when there is an imbalance between the production of oxygen-containing molecules that carry an electrical charge, which can be toxic, and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify them. (mda.org)
Impairs1
- Mechanistically, Ecsit deletion in skeletal progenitors impairs mitochondrial complex assembly and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and elevates glycolysis. (nih.gov)
Homeostasis1
- Oxidative stress is involved in the modulation of gene expression patterns and metabolic activities, characterized by the disruption of redox homeostasis 7 . (nature.com)
Redox1
- It appears important to evaluate the impact that gestational pathologies have on HM components and if their presence, as a source of oxidative stress in the mother, influence milk's redox ho. (researchgate.net)
Protein1
- Specifically, his mechanistic, hypothesis-driven research focuses on the potential role of protein modification by a reactive metabolite of dopamine metabolism in neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative disease, i.e. (cdc.gov)
Compounds6
- In this context, 1 H MRS has allowed the measurements of energy metabolism-related compounds, whose concentrations can vary under different brain activation states. (frontiersin.org)
- These reactions often act to detoxify poisonous compounds, although in some cases the intermediates in xenobiotic metabolism can themselves be the cause of toxic effects. (bionity.com)
- A major characteristic of xenobiotic toxic stress is that which exact compounds an organism is exposed to will be largely unpredictable, and may differ widely over time. (bionity.com)
- [1] The major challenge faced by xenobiotic detoxification systems is that they must therefore be able to remove the almost limitless number of possible xenobiotic compounds from the complex mixture of chemicals involved in normal metabolism . (bionity.com)
- It is rich in active compounds that support digestion and accelerate metabolism. (ipsnews.net)
- There is increasing interest in the effect of natural compounds, especially food extracts, on the resident oral microflora, both in terms of their ability to promote the growth of beneficial organisms and by their inhibition of the growth and metabolism of species associated with disease 60 . (bvsalud.org)
Genes2
- The differentially expressed oxidative stress genes (DEOSGs) were analyzed by intersection of DEGs and oxidative stress-related genes. (nature.com)
- Our study identified 9 key genes associated with oxidative stress and immune reaction in AD pathogenesis. (nature.com)
Neuronal1
- Since the mid-twentieth century the idea that brain energy metabolism is coupled to neuronal activity has emerged, and a number of studies supported this hypothesis. (frontiersin.org)
Effects4
- The effects of oxidative stress depend upon the size of these changes, with a cell being able to overcome small perturbations and regain its original state. (wikipedia.org)
- Other effects of increased oxidative stress and ROS production are a decrease in CTGF, TGF-beta, and type I procollagen expression as well as an age-associated chronic progressive increase in the proinflammatory status - this is termed 'inflammaging' (Zuo, 2019). (promocell.com)
- The different strands within the theme examine the effects of diet, physical activity and stress on both physical and mental health. (ul.ie)
- This strand has a focus on causes and effects of stress, mental health and well-being. (ul.ie)
Findings1
- Collectively, these findings identify mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation as the prominent energy-driving force for osteogenesis of skeletal progenitors, governing musculoskeletal integrity. (nih.gov)
Energy2
- Here, we review state-of-the-art MR methods to study brain function and metabolism in vivo , and their contribution to the current understanding of how astrocytic energy metabolism supports glutamatergic activity and cerebral function. (frontiersin.org)
- Decreased energy metabolism is one of the earliest detectable defects in AD. (jneurosci.org)
Clinical1
- These results therefore clarified blood oxidative stress profile in children with ASD, strengthening clinical evidence of increased oxidative stress implicating in pathogenesis of ASD. (nature.com)
Response1
- I am specifically interested in how human-induced environmental stress, such as pollution and nutrition, influences the oxidative stress response and its consequences for individual performance and population dynamics in wild vertebrates. (lu.se)
Vivo1
- With the development and optimization of non-invasive techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), several groups have worked on assessing cerebral metabolism in vivo . (frontiersin.org)
Skeletal3
- Here, we demonstrate a requirement for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the osteogenic commitment and differentiation of skeletal progenitors. (nih.gov)
- Brian's current research projects are investigating exercise and nutrient interventions to optimise skeletal muscle and whole-body metabolism in populations across the health and lifespan. (ul.ie)
- Therefore, the regulation of whole-body metabolism by skeletal muscle contraction and myokine release is of specific interest. (ul.ie)
Detoxification1
- The detoxification of the reactive by-products of normal metabolism cannot achieved by the systems outlined above. (bionity.com)