• Metabolic pathway enrichment identified 41 pathways associated with benzene exposure, with altered pathways including carnitine shuttle, fatty acid metabolism, sulfur amino acid metabolism, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and branched chain amino acid metabolism. (cdc.gov)
  • Proteins involved in core plastid metabolic pathways were identified and include glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, carbon fixation, fatty acid biosynthesis, carotenoid biosynthesis, isoprenoid biosynthesis, and chlorophyll biosynthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cancer cell energy metabolism is mainly dominated by three pathways of central carbon metabolism, including aerobic glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and fatty acid synthesis. (frontiersin.org)
  • These results suggest disruption to fatty acid uptake, energy metabolism and increased oxidative stress, and point towards pathways related to mitochondrial dysfunction, which has previously been linked to benzene exposure in animal models and human studies. (cdc.gov)
  • As an example, metabolic pathways are of high interest for exploring organism‐specific metabolism, mapping ‐omics data onto metabolic networks for further analysis, and simulating metabolic processes using techniques such as flux balance analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, glycolysis and secondary fat metabolism become the primary sources of energy substrate. (medscape.com)
  • Akt pathways have effects on apoptosis, protein synthesis, metabolism and cell cycle. (springer.com)
  • Otto Warburg first exhibited that most cancer cells have increased levels of glycolysis, even in the presence of oxygen, indicating that cancer cells dramatically alter their metabolism [1]. (estme.org)
  • Energy metabolism is governed by intricate signaling pathways that sense nutrient availability, energy demands, and cellular stress. (alliedacademies.org)
  • This article explores the pathways of cellular signaling in energy metabolism, highlighting their physiological roles and implications in pathological conditions. (alliedacademies.org)
  • The insulin signaling pathway is a central regulator of energy metabolism, particularly in the context of glucose homeostasis. (alliedacademies.org)
  • They modulate energy metabolism through the deacetylation of various substrates, including transcription factors, metabolic enzymes, and histones. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Our studies have therefore uncovered a p38α-mediated pathway that alters HSPC metabolism to respond to stress and promote recovery. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Owing to the metabolic flexibility in choosing various metabolic pathways, particularly glutamine metabolism [22] , melanoma cells can escape from perturbation of a molecule in a metabolic pathway [23] . (dcaguide.org)
  • Vanadium influences various aspects of carbohydrate metabolism, including glucose transportation, glycolysis, glucose oxidation, and glycogen synthesis 6 . (ijpsr.com)
  • Vanadium also has an insulin-like effect on the metabolic pathways of lipid and protein metabolism 7 . (ijpsr.com)
  • The vector stencils library " Biochemistry of metabolism" contains 46 metabolite symbols for drawing metabolic pathways maps, biochemical diagrams and metabolism process flow charts using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software. (conceptdraw.com)
  • The shapes example "Design elements - Biochemistry of metabolism" is included in the Biology solution from the Science and Education area of ConceptDraw Solution Park. (conceptdraw.com)
  • The vector stencils library "Citric acid cycle (TCA cycle)" contains 26 symbols of metabolites for drawing metabolic pathway maps and biochemical shematic diagrams of the citric acid cycle (TCA cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle, Krebs cycle) and diagrams of metabolism processes. (conceptdraw.com)
  • Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically. (conceptdraw.com)
  • Both molecules are important for energy metabolism, as they act as electron carriers, transporting electrons to and from other molecules as part of the metabolic process. (atomictoy.org)
  • Learn all about metabolic processes, energy, and enzymes in just a few minutes! (coursehero.com)
  • Jessica Pamment, professional lecturer at DePaul University, explains the role of energy and enzymes in metabolic reactions or pathways that are necessary for life. (coursehero.com)
  • They found that the activities of enzymes controlling these key glycolysis steps were lower in Alzheimer's cases compared to normal brain tissue samples. (nih.gov)
  • We conducted a comprehensive genomic analysis of glycolytic enzymes in the human and mouse genomes and identified several intronless copies for all enzymes in the pathway, except Pfk . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fatty acidity synthesis is necessary for the success of contaminated endothelial cells latently, as inhibition of essential enzymes within this pathway resulted in apoptosis of contaminated cells. (estme.org)
  • This reaction requires the presence of enzymes and ATP, as well as certain nutrients, including oxygen and glucose. (wiringstech.com)
  • For example, enzymes in a metabolic pathway may be inhibited by molecules produced later in the pathway, thus curtailing the production of molecules that are no longer needed. (wikipedia.org)
  • Small molecule inhibitors include essential primary metabolites that inhibit upstream enzymes that produce those metabolites. (wikipedia.org)
  • Enzymes act as biological catalysts and play a central role in regulating metabolic pathways. (trendingbird.com)
  • Metabolites have various functions, including fuel, structure, signaling, stimulatory and inhibitory effects on enzymes, catalytic activity of their own (usually as a cofactor to an enzyme), defense, and interactions with other organisms (e.g. pigments, odorants, and pheromones). (conceptdraw.com)
  • Various inherited defects in enzymes of the pathway may occur. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The key steps of three cellular metabolic pathways including aerobic glycolysis, glutaminolysis and fatty acid synthesis targeted by KSHV for pathogenesis are highlighted. (frontiersin.org)
  • The breakdown and synthesis of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids connect with the pathways of glucose catabolism. (openstax.org)
  • The enzymatic steps of glycolysis and the subsequent synthesis of acetyl-CoA involve a linear sequence, whereas the oxidation of acetyl-CoA in the Krebs cycle is a cyclic sequence of reactions in which the starting substrate is subsequently regenerated with each turn of the cycle. (encyclopedia.com)
  • AMPK pathways inhibit biosynthetic pathways with energy consumption, such as protein, fatty acid and glycogen synthesis. (springer.com)
  • Addition of palmitic acidity to latently contaminated cells treated using a fatty acidity synthesis inhibitor secured the cells from loss of life indicating that the merchandise of the pathway are crucial. (estme.org)
  • In particular, KSHV upregulated fatty acid synthesis, a pathway that provides membrane material and metabolites critical for cell proliferation. (estme.org)
  • Regarding their predicted biological function, 35% of the proteins modulated by GS are involved in signal transduction pathways, 15% in redox and stress response, and 25% in protein synthesis and folding processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These complex networks of reactions drive the conversion of nutrients into energy, the synthesis of essential molecules, and the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. (trendingbird.com)
  • Catabolic (break-down) and Anabolic (synthesis) pathways often work interdependently to create new biomolecules as the final end-products. (conceptdraw.com)
  • In addition to these metabolic pathways, NAD+ and NADH are also found in various other pathways, such as the synthesis and breakdown of hormones, amino acids, and nucleotides. (atomictoy.org)
  • DHAP is also the product of the dehydrogenation of L-glycerol-3-phosphate, which is part of the entry of glycerol (sourced from triglycerides) into the glycolytic pathway. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, tissues deficient in PFK cannot utilize free or glycogen-derived glucose as a fuel source since the glycolytic pathway would be halted at this metabolic step. (medscape.com)
  • Glycolytic pathway defects are autosomal recessive red blood cell metabolic disorders that cause hemolytic anemia. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The glycolytic pathway is one of the body's important metabolic pathways. (msdmanuals.com)
  • There is no specific therapy for hemolytic anemias caused by glycolytic pathway defects. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Muscle phosphorylase deficiency adversely affecting the glycolytic pathway in skeletal musculature causes GSD type V. Like other forms of GSD, McArdle disease is heterogeneous. (medscape.com)
  • The two forms of metabolic processes are anabolic reactions (those that build molecules) and catabolic reactions (those that break down molecules). (coursehero.com)
  • AMPK activation stimulates catabolic pathways that generate ATP while inhibiting anabolic processes that consume ATP. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Catabolic pathways like glycolysis, as mentioned earlier, play a crucial role in extracting energy from nutrients. (trendingbird.com)
  • Cellular respiration is a catabolic pathway in which glucose is completely oxidized, yielding CO 2 and the high-energy, reduced electron carriers NADH and FADH 2, and ATP. (zestrestaurant.co.za)
  • The increased aerobic glycolysis seen in most cancer cells, now termed the Warburg effect, is usually often accompanied by decreased oxygen usage, indicating a dramatic shift in the source of energy for tumor cells. (estme.org)
  • In the current studies, we observed that MUC16 knockdown pancreatic cancer cells exhibit reduced glucose uptake and lactate secretion along with reduced migration and invasion potential, which can be restored by supplementing the culture media with lactate, an end product of aerobic glycolysis. (oncotarget.com)
  • The set of metabolic processes that break down large molecules is known as catabolism. (coursehero.com)
  • Catabolism includes breaking down and oxidizing food molecules. (coursehero.com)
  • This shift in metabolic pathways generates only two ATP molecules per molecule of glucose and results in the accumulation of lactic acid. (medscape.com)
  • These same molecules, except nucleic acids, can serve as energy sources for the glucose pathway. (openstax.org)
  • The Krebs cycle, also called the citric acid cycle and tricarboxylic acid cycle, is the common pathway by which organic fuel molecules of the cell are oxidized during cellular respiration. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Electrons removed from intermediate metabolic products during the Krebs cycle are used to reduce coenzyme molecules nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide [NAD + ] and flavin mononucleotide [FAD]) to NADH and FADH 2 , respectively. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Four molecules of ATP are produced through glycolysis, of which, two are used up in the process, providing a net gain of two ATP molecules. (vumc.org)
  • What Is The Three Carbon Product Of Glycolysis Glycolysis, or the breakdown of glucose into two molecules of glucose and one molecule of carbon dioxide, is a process that occurs in all living cells. (vumc.org)
  • What Are The Energy Containing Products Of Glycolysis Glycolysis is the process of breaking down glucose into smaller molecules. (vumc.org)
  • At the heart of metabolic pathways are molecules, often called metabolites, which serve as the building blocks and intermediates in these chemical processes. (trendingbird.com)
  • On the other hand, it includes processes that convert intricate molecules into less complicated ones and release energy. (trendingbird.com)
  • Additionally, hormones and signalling molecules, like insulin and glucagon, are vital in coordinating metabolic pathways throughout the body. (trendingbird.com)
  • These pathways drive energy production, synthesize essential molecules, and regulate metabolic homeostasis. (trendingbird.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • Metabolic processes , or metabolic pathways, are all of the processes in a cell or living organism that are necessary for life. (coursehero.com)
  • Although a metabolic process generally refers to a specific process within a cell or living organism, a metabolic pathway is a series of intertwined chemical reactions in which the product of one enzyme acts as the substrate for the next. (coursehero.com)
  • Research in the @LyssiotisLab is focused on understanding the biochemical pathways and metabolic requirements that enable tumor growth in Kras-driven pancreatic cancer, and translating those findings into new cancer therapies. (cancer.gov)
  • In addition, different cell types exhibit preference for specific metabolic pathways (fatty acid oxidation/FAO, glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation/OxPhos). (upenn.edu)
  • Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain quiescence by activating specific metabolic pathways, including glycolysis. (elsevierpure.com)
  • When applied to a mouse model of pediatric mitochondrial cardiomyopathy, we uncovered profound cell type-specific modifications of the cardiac transcriptional landscape at single-nucleus resolution, including changes of subtype composition, maturation states, and functional remodeling of each cell type. (upenn.edu)
  • Increased intracellular calcium leads to tissue damage through mechanisms of cellular necrosis and apoptosis that include the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) . (tocris.com)
  • Taken together, these results suggest benzene exposure is associated with disruption of mitochondrial pathways, and provide promising, systems biology biomarkers for risk assessment of benzene-induced hematotoxicity in humans. (cdc.gov)
  • Differentially expressed genes also included ribosomal proteins (85 of 109) as well as mitochondrial ribosomal proteins (40 of 77), suggesting an increase of translational capacity. (usda.gov)
  • LDH plays an important role in regulating glycolysis, maintaining cellular redox state, mitochondrial physiology and tumor maintenance [12] . (dcaguide.org)
  • Comparison to a list of 13 known benzene metabolites and metabolites predicted using a multi-component biotransformation algorithm showed five metabolites were detected, which included the known metabolites phenol and benzene diolepoxide. (cdc.gov)
  • To determine if an oncogenic virus alters comparable metabolic pathways as cancer cells, we measured the levels of a large number of metabolites in endothelial cells infected with Kaposi?s Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). (estme.org)
  • [3] [2] Small molecule enzyme inhibitors also include secondary metabolites , which are not essential to the organism that produces them, but provide the organism with an evolutionary advantage, in that they can be used to repel predators or competing organisms or immobilize prey. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because of the many chemicals (a.k.a. "metabolites") that may be involved, metabolic pathways can be quite elaborate. (conceptdraw.com)
  • The metabolic and oxidative stress pathways may participate in PC progression. (aging-us.com)
  • In this review, we studied on the effects and molecular mechanisms of Rhizoma coptidis on NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K-Akt/AMPK/ERS and oxidative stress pathways. (springer.com)
  • Evidence presented in this review implicated that Rhizoma coptidis exerted beneficial effects on various diseases by regulation of NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K-Akt/AMPK/ERS and oxidative stress pathways, which support the clinical application of Rhizoma coptidis and offer references for future researches. (springer.com)
  • Oxidative stress pathways are caused by the imbalance of oxidation and antioxidation in body. (springer.com)
  • Oxidative stress pathways regulate redox balance by Nrf2 and other ways. (springer.com)
  • In this review, we sorted out the relationship of Rhizoma coptidis among components, diseases and NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K/Akt/AMPK/ERS/oxidative stress pathways, systematically studying on how Rhizoma coptidis exerts beneficial effects to various diseases, which supported the clinical application of Rhizoma coptidis and provided references for the future researches. (springer.com)
  • Photosynthesis and glycolysis are just two examples of the many metabolic processes that are critical to life. (coursehero.com)
  • One of the well-studied sirtuins is Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), which is involved in the regulation of multiple metabolic processes. (alliedacademies.org)
  • It is the first step in cellular respiration and an important part of many other metabolic processes. (wiringstech.com)
  • Glycolysis is essential for cellular respiration and other metabolic processes, and therefore essential to life. (wiringstech.com)
  • Metabolic pathways are the intricate chemical reactions that power the life processes of all living organisms. (trendingbird.com)
  • In essence, metabolic pathways are the chemistry of life itself, orchestrating the processes that keep organisms alive and thriving. (trendingbird.com)
  • It functions as an electron carrier, and it's involved in many metabolic processes, such as glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. (atomictoy.org)
  • Figure 1 Brief schematics of KSHV-mediated alteration of host cellular metabolic pathways. (frontiersin.org)
  • Genetic changes and epigenetic modifications in cancer cells alter the regulation of cellular metabolic pathways providing potential cancer therapeutic targets. (tocris.com)
  • AMPK pathways are energy regulation pathways. (springer.com)
  • Enzyme kinetics including its regulation and inhibition, Vitamins and Coenzymes. (entrance-exam.net)
  • Transcriptional regulation of the genes in metabolic pathways is a highly successful strategy, which is virtually universal in microorganisms. (lu.se)
  • Citation: Troein C, Ahre´n D, Krogh M, Peterson C (2007) Is Transcriptional Regulation of Metabolic Pathways an Optimal Strategy for Fitness? (lu.se)
  • A number of studies have explored how regulation of generally, and at least to a first approximation, it is obvious that metabolic pathways affects the growth rate of microorganisms, gene regulation only is useful if the environmental conditions vary both in the steady state and in response to changes in the local with time. (lu.se)
  • Cancer cells often rewire metabolic pathways to balance ATP production for supporting rapidly tumor proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Metabolic reprogramming plays an important role in tumor progression and antitumor immunity. (medsci.org)
  • GSEA analysis found STARD12 and STARD14 were associated with glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation and tumor related signaling pathways. (medsci.org)
  • Author Summary In recent years there has been a resurgence in the study of metabolic changes in tumor cells. (estme.org)
  • Many metabolic pathways that are altered in most tumor cells were also altered by KSHV. (estme.org)
  • Cancer cells have metabolic flexibility in choosing either oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) or glycolysis for ATP generation depending upon the nutrient availability in tumor microenvironment. (dcaguide.org)
  • We observed similar metabolic alterations that correlated with MUC16 expression in primary tumor tissue specimens from human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cancer patients. (oncotarget.com)
  • Our LC-MS/MS based metabolomics studies indicate global metabolic alterations in MUC16 knockdown pancreatic cancer cells, as compared to the controls. (oncotarget.com)
  • Overall, our results demonstrate that MUC16 plays an important role in metabolic reprogramming of pancreatic cancer cells by increasing glycolysis and enhancing motility and invasiveness. (oncotarget.com)
  • 6 3 In fact, one of the first pieces of evidence for a role of succinate in cancer development was provided by the discovery of pseudohypoxia, which refers to activation of hypoxia signaling pathways under normal oxygen levels. (haematologica.org)
  • Key physiologic parameters that affect metabolic homeostasis include tissue blood flow, the balance between oxygen delivery and demand, and the oxygen content. (medscape.com)
  • Glycolysis requires no oxygen. (vumc.org)
  • Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen, and is designed to regenerate NAD+ to allow glycolysis to continue. (zestrestaurant.co.za)
  • Nonetheless, when cells rely on anaerobic glycolysis, like cancer cells and certain innate immune cells upon activation, other metabolic pathways sustain succinate levels, including glutamine-dependent anerplerosis to α-ketoglutarate, and eventually citrate by reductive carboxylation. (haematologica.org)
  • Succinate is an intermediate of several metabolic pathways, i.e. tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle under normoxic conditions (blue lines), and glutamine-dependent anerplerosis and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt under anaerobic conditions (red lines). (haematologica.org)
  • What is the β-oxidation pathway? (flashcardmachine.com)
  • The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP. (conceptdraw.com)
  • The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. (conceptdraw.com)
  • An enzyme is the biological catalyst that increases the rate of a chemical reaction and causes specific biochemical reactions within a metabolic process. (coursehero.com)
  • Metabolic reactions require an input of energy or they produce energy. (coursehero.com)
  • 1 Recent insights reveal that mitochondria can regulate cell signaling and gene expression by tuning the rates of metabolic reactions. (cancer.gov)
  • Each of the ten reactions in this pathway is typically catalyzed by multiple isozymes encoded by a multigene family. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Metabolic pathways are the intricate web of chemical reactions that sustain life at the molecular level. (trendingbird.com)
  • In biochemistry, metabolic pathways are series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell. (conceptdraw.com)
  • In each pathway, a principal chemical is modified by a series of chemical reactions. (conceptdraw.com)
  • The metabolome forms a large network of metabolic reactions, where outputs from one enzymatic chemical reaction are inputs to other chemical reactions. (conceptdraw.com)
  • Interestingly, inhibition of either LDH or complex I alone does not induce apoptosis, whereas inhibiting both together causes depletion in cellular ATP pool resulting in metabolic catastrophe induced apoptosis. (dcaguide.org)
  • Furthermore, this evaluation raises the chance that metabolic pathways might provide book therapeutic goals for the inhibition of latent KSHV infections and ultimately KS tumors. (estme.org)
  • In summary, we found that a directly oncogenic virus alters the same host metabolic pathways that are dysregulated in many cancer cells and that inhibition of these pathways can be used to kill off infected cells, thereby providing novel therapeutic targets for KSHV and ultimately KS tumors. (estme.org)
  • Inhibition of LDH or lactate generation causes decrease in glycolysis with concomitant growth arrest both in vitro and in vivo . (dcaguide.org)
  • Interestingly, CS affects mainly energy production (31%) and metabolic pathways (13%), decreasing the expression levels of ten proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fermentation is a metabolic process that converts sugar (primarily glucose, fructose, and sucrose) to acids, gases or alcohol. (zestrestaurant.co.za)
  • [ 3 ] PFK catalyzes the irreversible transfer of phosphate from ATP to fructose-6-phosphate and converts it to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate during the third step in glycolysis. (medscape.com)
  • Conversely, reduction of glycolysis-derived DHAP to L-glycerol-3-phosphate provides adipose cells with the activated glycerol backbone they require to synthesize new triglycerides. (wikipedia.org)
  • This mini review highlights the development of compounds that target cancer cells by taking advantage of redox or metabolic alteration in cancer cells. (degruyter.com)
  • Most cancer cells undergo metabolic reprogramming that support their survival and proliferation. (degruyter.com)
  • Cancer cells also enhance glucose-uptake to fuel these enhanced metabolic activities [ 2 ]. (degruyter.com)
  • Increasing evidence has shown that KSHV infection can alter central carbon metabolic pathways to produce biomass for viral replication, as well as the survival and proliferation of infected cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • KSHV is tightly associated with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and two B-cell lymphomas including primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) by infecting B-lymphocyte and endothelial cells, respectively. (frontiersin.org)
  • STARD14 was negatively associated with the infiltration of CD8+T cells, while positively with CCL28 and immune checkpoints, including CTLA4 as well as PD-L2. (medsci.org)
  • This poster summarizes the main metabolic pathways in cancer cells and highlights potential targets for cancer therapeutics. (tocris.com)
  • Inhibiting ALDH1A3-mediated pathways slows the growth of mesenchymal glioma stem cells and might provide a promising therapeutic approach for glioblastomas with a mesenchymal signature. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Our metabolomic evaluation of KSHV-infected cells provides understanding concerning how oncogenic infections can stimulate metabolic modifications common to cancers cells. (estme.org)
  • Introduction Many metabolic pathways are dramatically altered in cancer cells. (estme.org)
  • Cancer cells become dependent on increased glycolysis and thus require increased glucose uptake for survival [2]C[5]. (estme.org)
  • Glycolysis is a fundamental metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells. (vumc.org)
  • Scientists suspect that the drug will be harmful to human cells because it will inhibit a glycolysis. (vumc.org)
  • Glycolysis is a vital part of the energy cycle in cells. (wiringstech.com)
  • It has been reported that melanoma cells, owing to the BRAF mutation, depend majorly on glycolysis for ATP generation, and exhibit dysfunctional oxidative phosphorylation [6, 7 ] . (dcaguide.org)
  • It is produced during glycolysis through the reduction of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) by the enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. (vumc.org)
  • When a second nutrient and its metabolic pathway are introduced, the system must further decide whether and how to activate both pathways. (lu.se)
  • We show that maximal growth is achieved when pathway activation is a more or less steeply graded function of the nutrient concentration. (lu.se)
  • Enzyme 4.1.2.13 at KEGG Pathway Database. (wikipedia.org)
  • Compound C00111 at KEGG Pathway Database.Enzyme 5.3.1.1 at KEGG Pathway Database.Compound C00118 at KEGG Pathway Database. (wikipedia.org)
  • PFK is the key regulatory enzyme for glycolysis. (medscape.com)
  • High abundance of glucose in the cytoplasm of a cancer cell also increases flux into other metabolic pathways such as hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) [ 7 ]. (degruyter.com)
  • We are actively understanding the biology of GDF15 as it has become an important therapeutic target for metabolic disease and cancer cachexia with clinical trials ongoing. (upenn.edu)
  • Gene set variation analysis (GSVA), a functional enrichment analysis method similar to gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), allows the assessment of underlying pathway activity variation in each sample by pre-inputting a selected gene set [ 11 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Neural tissue has far more metabolic activity than other tissues of the body. (medscape.com)
  • By using a specific polysac- including living tissues, indwelling medical devices, industrial charide-stain called Ruthenium red and coupling this with or potable water system piping, or natural aquatic systems. (cdc.gov)
  • For instance, neurons rely on glycolysis and ensuing OxPhos but not FAO, while cardiomyocytes use OxPhos and FAO to generate most energy for cardiac contraction. (upenn.edu)
  • For example, in BRAF mutant melanoma models, treatment with the tissue-penetrant metformin analog phenformin synergized with BRAF pathway inhibitors to regress established tumors. (cancer.gov)
  • Little is known, however, about the metabolic pathways that drive the growth of individual glioblastoma subtypes - knowledge that is crucial for developing novel and effective targeted therapies that might improve treatment for these lethal tumors. (neurosciencenews.com)