ObesityPathwaysLeptinSyndromeMetabolismMicrobiotaRegulationApoptosisHomeostasisCytokineAlterationsHormonesHypothalamusActivityMitochondrialGeneAdaptationsHypothalamicDysfunctionAdiponectinAbsorptionInflammationGenesInflammatoryDifferentiationFattyProteinsProcessesAbnormalitiesUndergoMiceRegulatorCardiovascularDietaryCarbohydrateExamineTissuesIntermediateEnergyDiseaseResponseRoleBodyDevelopmentRelease

Obesity9

• Obesity-induced metabolic imbalance allosterically modulates CtBP2 to inhibit PPAR-alpha transcriptional activity. (illumina.com)
• Additionally, we collected parameters associated with metabolic health in obesity (waist-hip ratio, waist-height ratio, leptin levels, body fat percentage, fat mass index, insulin resistance) to investigate recently proposed mechanistic explanatory models of why olfaction may be altered in obesity. (frontiersin.org)
• Insulin resistance is a major metabolic feature of obesity and is a key factor in the etiology of a number of diseases, including type 2 diabetes. (jci.org)
• Understanding associations between PFAS and adipokines may help elucidate whether PFAS can influence obesity and metabolic disease. (cdc.gov)
• Recent studies suggest an association between vitamin D status, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and obesity among Canadians (12,13). (cdc.gov)
• On the other hand, several studies suggested that diet might influence gut microbiota composition and activity thus modulating the risk of metabolic disease, i.e. obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. (springer.com)
• Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is the denomination proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) 42 , which designates a set of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as visceral obesity, dyslipidemia, high hypertension, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance 32 , which frequently are presented together. (bvsalud.org)
• The relatively high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is a worldwide phenomenon that seems to be increasing in parallel with the obesity prevalence 16 . (bvsalud.org)
• Metabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to a obesity (38.2%) ( 6 , 7 ). (who.int)

Pathways4

• Metabolic inhibitors impregnated together with sugars showed that the short-term metabolic response, causing the drastic increase of gross metabolism upon VI, depends on mitochondrial oxygen consuming pathways. (unibo.it)
• Among microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are modulators of different metabolic pathways. (springer.com)
• Many genes involved in metabolic pathways have been found to contribute to lipid level variability [ 14 , 26 , 27 ]. (cdc.gov)
• We show that SIRT1 expression is increased in HD-affected brain regions and that metabolic pathways are altered in the HD hypothalamus. (lu.se)

Leptin6

• These neurons are the first-order neurons on which peripheral metabolic hormones, including leptin, insulin, ghrelin and nutrients, primarily act. (nature.com)
• Moreover, we found weak to moderate negative correlations between OB volume and BMI and related measures of metabolic health, especially leptin, body fat percentage, waist-height ratio and insulin resistance. (frontiersin.org)
• 2002) and modulate circulating insulin, leptin, and ghrelin (Teff et al. (ift.org)
• Both leptin and adiponectin can modulate metabolic processes. (cdc.gov)
• POA leptin signaling does not affect ambient temperature-dependent metabolic adaptations. (elifesciences.org)
• However, similar to the effects of overfeeding on metabolic rate, a leptin-boost is also rather transient and drops again once you resume your diet and your body senses the deficit. (leangains.com)

Syndrome12

• 2001), contribute to metabolic syndrome (Nakagawa et al. (ift.org)
• It helps with cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome, among many other ailments. (anh-usa.org)
• The proinflammatory and proatherogenic mediator CD40L is increased in the metabolic syndrome (MS) and released from platelets. (cun.es)
• Enhanced platelet aggregation and activation markers are found in the metabolic syndrome associated to low adiponectin concentrations. (cun.es)
• ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the prevalence, components and correlates of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults in pre-crisis Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic. (who.int)
• RÉSUMÉ La présente étude avait pour objectif d'évaluer la prévalence, les composantes et les corrélats du syndrome métabolique chez l'adulte à Alep avant la crise, en République arabe syrienne. (who.int)
• Another potential mechanism includes the beneficial effects of coffee on metabolic syndrome," he said. (medscape.com)
• Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complex pathology that combines several risk factors for cardiovascular disease. (bvsalud.org)
• Objective: The aim of this study was to review the literature about the possible association between periodontal disease and metabolic syndrome and to identify the components of this syndrome that may contribute to this association. (bvsalud.org)
• Conclusion: It is plausible that these substances may contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome. (bvsalud.org)
• In the Japanese population, more than 20% of the population shows insulin resistance and in the adult population with diabetes mellitus type 2 the prevalence of metabolic syndrome ranges from 38 to 53%, depending on the gender and the criterion used 16 . (bvsalud.org)
• La forte prévalence du syndrome métabolique et de ses composantes met en évidence la charge des maladies cardio-vasculaires chez l'adulte à Alep avant la crise. (who.int)

Metabolism4

• The brain modulates various aspects of metabolism, such as food intake, energy expenditure, insulin secretion, hepatic glucose production and glucose/fatty acid metabolism in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. (nature.com)
• Because this system inhibits mitochondrial metabolism and activates glycolysis, it is thought that the metabolic reprogramming by HIF1α is a main driver of LT-HSC quiescence. (wikipedia.org)
• By analogy with carbohydrate metabolism, slow and fast proteins modulate the postprandial metabolic response, a concept to be applied to wasting situations. (nih.gov)
• Coffee also has vasodilatory effects and coffee also contains antioxidant polyphenols, which reduce oxidative stress and modulate metabolism. (medscape.com)

Microbiota4

• how diet can impact and modulate the gut microbiota and thus impact health. (ul.ie)
• Therefore, it has been suggested that the modulation of gut microbiota could be a reliable tool to prevent metabolic and inflammatory diseases. (springer.com)
• However, to date, there is no conclusive evidence to support this thesis, likely due to the lack of studies focusing primarily on the relationship between the composition of the gut microbiota and metabolic response. (springer.com)
• Each individ- cluding immune cells, but also the was previously cal ed the gastroin- ual harbours hundreds of different metabolic and nervous systems), testinal flora or microflora, the more species, most of which have not and protecting against pathogens pragmatic term "microbiota" is now yet been cultured. (who.int)

Regulation2

• An understanding of the metabolic determinants of postexercise appetite regulation would facilitate development of adjunctive therapeutics to suppress compensatory eating behaviours and improve the efficacy of exercise as a weight-loss treatment. (imperial.ac.uk)
• Our findings identify a novel role for VHL in mediating nephron progenitor differentiation through metabolic regulation, and suggest that VHL is required for normal kidney development. (lww.com)

Apoptosis2

• In this paper, we describe the metabolic changes as well as the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis occurring in cancer cells and cancer stem cells, underlying the connection between these two processes. (hindawi.com)
• Neutrophil apoptosis can be modulated by several factors in the local environment, such as the Fas ligand (FasL), but the molecular mechanisms involved are poorly understood. (lu.se)

Homeostasis3

• Highly coordinated interactions between the brain and peripheral metabolic organs are critical for the maintenance of energy and glucose homeostasis. (nature.com)
• Integration of peripheral metabolic signals andthe central nervous system maintains energy homeostasis. (nature.com)
• Small studies in rodents investigated specific metabolic effects of fructose over consumption which may perturb energy homeostasis (Havel, 2005), decrease LDL particle size (Aeberli et al. (ift.org)

Cytokine1

• Treatment with anti-Ly6C mAb modulated the Ly6Chi monocyte cytokine profile, reduced monocyte recruitment to the spinal cord, diminished neuronal loss, and extended survival. (nih.gov)

Alterations2

• 1 The brain monitors changes in the body energy state by sensing alterations in the plasma levels of key metabolic hormones and nutrients. (nature.com)
• However, little is known about the potential role of PFAS in longitudinal changes in lipids among midlife women even though women become more susceptible to metabolic alterations during the menopausal transition. (cdc.gov)

Hormones1

• The brain integrates multiple metabolic inputs from the periphery through nutrients, gut-derived satiety signals and adiposity-related hormones. (nature.com)

Hypothalamus1

• The hypothalamus modulates the activities of the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary in different ways. (msdmanuals.com)

Activity9

• During quiescence, HSCs maintain a low level of metabolic activity and do not divide. (wikipedia.org)
• This switch is accompanied by an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and increased anabolic activity in cells It is well understood that quiescent HSCs have very low levels of metabolic activity. (wikipedia.org)
• Taking BerbaPrime, which contains a high dose of berberine, can give your body plenty of AMPK to restrict activity in the cells that use energy and stimulate activity in the ones that produce energy, supporting metabolic health. (dallasnews.com)
• Biotinidase deficiency (OMIM 253260) diminishes or prevents biotin recycling and coenzyme activity required for stable metabolic function. (medscape.com)
• Multiple carboxylase deficiency (MCD) is one of many metabolic disorders that occur in the absence of the coenzyme activity of biotin. (medscape.com)
• Biotinidase deficiency or absence impairs biotin production, leading to a free biotin deficiency and resulting in decreased metabolic activity of the biotin-dependent carboxylases. (medscape.com)
• Redox Signaling Modulates Activity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Patients. (bvsalud.org)
• The severe metabolic environment that immune cells must endure can drastically reduce effector activity. (bvsalud.org)
• During the fasting period, metabolic activity of salivary glands, midgut, reproductive organs, the excretory system, and circulation system of the tick are at much lower levels than they are during feeding periods ( 9 ). (cdc.gov)

Mitochondrial1

• Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process. (mcw.edu)

Gene1

• Obese children and adolescents developing IGT/T2D have a higher genetic predisposition than those who do not show these diseases, and this predisposition is mainly related to gene variants modulating the early phase of insulin secretion. (diabetesjournals.org)

Adaptations1

• Metabolic adaptations of cancer cells. (hindawi.com)

Hypothalamic1

• Anatomically, the ARC is considered a hypothalamic area that primarily senses metabolic signals from the periphery via the systemic circulation. (nature.com)

Dysfunction1

• Metabolic dysfunction is involved in modulating the disease process in Huntington disease (HD) but the underlying mechanisms are not known. (lu.se)

Adiponectin1

• We hypothesized that adiponectin modulates platelet function. (cun.es)

Absorption1

• Caffeine has a role in weight loss through inhibition of gut fatty acid absorption and increase in basal metabolic rate. (medscape.com)

Inflammation1

• It can modulate inflammation, which is involved in almost every chronic disease. (anh-usa.org)

Genes1

• In this study, we asked whether the co-occurrence of risk alleles in or near five genes modulating insulin secretion ( TCF7L2 rs7903146, IGF2BP2 rs4402960, CDKAL1 rs7754840, HHEX rs1111875, and HNF1A rs1169288) is associated with a higher risk of IGT/T2D in obese children and adolescents. (diabetesjournals.org)

Inflammatory2

• It has anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating effects, as well as profound and varied metabolic effects. (medscape.com)
• Resolution of an acute inflammatory process depends on termination of neutrophil emigration from blood vessels and clearance of extravasated neutrophils and their metabolic products. (lu.se)

Differentiation1

• In addition to identifying VHL as a critical regulator of nephron progenitors' metabolic switching, the authors' findings demonstrate that this switch also plays a large role in the differentiation process, and suggest that VHL is required for normal kidney development. (lww.com)

Fatty1

• Metabolic impairment leads to abnormalities in fatty acid synthesis, amino acid catabolism, and gluconeogenesis. (medscape.com)

Proteins1

• In collaboration with a number of PIs at UL, Brian currently receives funding from the Food for Health Ireland 2 (FHI2) programme to investigate the efficacy of nutrient supplementation with proteins mined from milk to provide metabolic outcomes which support Healthy Ageing and Performance Nutrition (HAPN). (ul.ie)

Processes1

• Vitamin D may modulate various metabolic processes and may influence cardiometabolic disease risk in Canadians. (cdc.gov)

Abnormalities1

• The statement notes that the vascular complications of diabetes result from interactions between systemic metabolic abnormalities such as hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and genetic and epigenetic modulators and local tissue responses to toxic metabolites. (medscape.com)

Undergo1

• Like all cells, hematopoietic stem cells undergo metabolic shifts to meet their bioenergetic needs throughout development. (wikipedia.org)

Mice2

• To study the potential role in this metabolic shift of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), a protein component of a ubiquitin ligase complex, the authors generated nephron progenitor cell-specific VHL knockout mice. (lww.com)
• We used histologic, immunofluorescence, RNA sequencing, and metabolic assays to characterize kidneys from these mice and controls during development and up to postnatal day 21. (lww.com)

Regulator1

• We show that mRNA levels of the metabolic regulator SIRT1 are increased in the striatum and the cerebral cortex but not in the less affected cerebellum in post mortem HD brains. (lu.se)

Cardiovascular1

• In the Relationship Between Insulin Sensitivity and Cardiovascular Disease (RISC) study cohort, 1211 normotensive individuals, aged 30 to 60 years and followed-up after 3.3 years, were characterized for lifestyle and metabolic factors, body composition, and ACE genotype. (lu.se)

Dietary1

• Within this context, the prebiotic effect of dietary fibres might be a feasible strategy to prevent T2D, through the modulation of metabolic response. (springer.com)

Carbohydrate1

• Metabolic responses to acute exercise are, however, dependent on pre-exercise nutritional practices, including carbohydrate intake. (imperial.ac.uk)

Examine1

• We aimed to identify the relationship between adiposity and blood pressure, independent of a robust set of lifestyle and metabolic factors, and to examine the modulating role of sex and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphisms. (lu.se)

Tissues1

• The brain integrates metabolic signals from peripheral tissues such as the liver, pancreas, adipose tissue, gut and muscle. (nature.com)

Intermediate1

• Pyruvate, which is at the crossroad between lactate production and OXPHOS, constitutes a key metabolic intermediate. (hindawi.com)

Energy4

• The metabolic effect following mannitol impregnation was comparable with water impregnation, suggesting that the strong metabolic effect reported here is only seen for molecules that can be metabolized and provide energy to the cells. (unibo.it)
• Specialized neuronal networks in the brain coordinate adaptive changes in food intake and energy expenditure in response to altered metabolic conditions ( Figure 1 ). (nature.com)
• These metabolic responses were associated with changes in appetite and energy intake, and plasma acetate and succinate were subsequently identified as potential novel mediators of exercise-induced appetite and energy intake responses. (imperial.ac.uk)
• Semen quality and length guarantee by a new and innovative modulated energy source. (a2zinc.net)

Disease2

• Vitamin D may modulate cardiometabolic disease risk, although the relationship has not been investigated in the general Canadian population. (cdc.gov)
• Understanding the association between vitamin D and cardiometabolic risk in Canadians may provide a clearer understanding of how this micronutrient modulates cardiometabolic disease and may inform public health strategies to curb the incidence of cardiometabolic disease in Canada and elsewhere. (cdc.gov)

Response1

• Brian's research interests are primarily focused on the plasticity and metabolic adaptation of skeletal muscle in response to exercise and how this can be modified through interaction with nutrition. (ul.ie)

Role2

• These metabolic shifts play an important role in signaling, generating biomass, and protecting the cell from damage. (wikipedia.org)
• Biotin's role in chromatin nucleic structure is based on its modulating effect on histones, the building blocks for chromatin. (medscape.com)

Body1

• how it boosts your metabolic rate and tricks your body into "fat burning mode" for the rest of the week. (leangains.com)

Development1

• Metabolic shifts also guide development in HSCs and are one key factor in determining if an HSC will remain quiescent, symmetrically divide, or asymmetrically divide. (wikipedia.org)

Release1

• By binding to α2 receptors in the CNS, clonidine can modulate the release of norepinephrine, resulting in a decrease in sympathetic outflow and ultimately leading to a decrease in heart rate. (proprofs.com)