AKR1A1 belongs to the AKR superfamily, which are predominantly monomeric, soluble, NADPH-dependent oxidoreductases involved in the reduction of aldehydes and ketones into primary and secondary alcohols. (wikipedia.org)
Human aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) are NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductases that convert aldehydes and ketones to primary and secondary alcohols for subsequent conjugation reactions and can be referred to as 'phase 1' enzymes. (nih.gov)
We have performed an extensive kinetic characterization of PGR1, which catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the α,β-double bond of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes and ketones, and 15-keto-PGs. (ox.ac.uk)
These enzymes catalyze the conversion of aldehydes and ketones to their corresponding alcohols by utilizing NADH and/or NADPH as cofactors. (cancerindex.org)
Dehydrogenase1
In humans, acetoacetyl-CoA is involved in the metabolic disorder called the short-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (HADH) pathway. (hmdb.ca)
Cellular1
The brain, heart, skeletal muscle, and liver depend on ketone bodies or on glucose for energy and for carbon chains to synthesize cellular proteins (see the images below). (medscape.com)
Metabolism2
AKRs have been linked to metabolism of the anthracyclines doxorubicin (DOX) and daunorubicin (DAUN), allelic variants showed significantly reduced metabolic activities, and hence these allelic variants can possibly act as genetic biomarkers for the clinical development of DAUN-induced cardiotoxicity. (wikipedia.org)
Outline the steps of synthesis & utilization of ketone bodies. (medical-junction.com)
Fatty acids1
Nervous and muscle tissues preferentially oxidize ketones over fatty acids, glucose, or amino acids under normal conditions. (medscape.com)
Reductase1
In the inactivating pathway of PGs, the first metabolic intermediates are 15-keto-PGs, which are further converted into 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGs by different enzymes having 15-keto-PG reductase activity. (ox.ac.uk)
Amino1
A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. (lookformedical.com)
Aromatic1
Although these enzymes play clear cytoprotective roles and deal effectively with carbonyl stress, their upregulation by the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway also has a potential dark-side, which can lead to chemotherapeutic drug resistance and the metabolic activation of lung carcinogens (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). (nih.gov)
LSADH catalyzed the enantioselective reduction of some ketones with high enantiomeric excesses: phenyl trifluoromethyl ketone to (S)-1-phenyltrifluoroethanol (>99% e.e.), acetophenone to (R)-1-phenylethanol (99% e.e.), and 2-heptanone to (R)-2-heptanol (>99% e.e.) in the presence of 2-propanol without an additional NADH regeneration system. (brenda-enzymes.info)
Starvation1
For infants as well as individuals with decreased sugar intake because of starvation or dietary choices, ketones are the preferred fuel and source of carbon chains. (medscape.com)
Synthesis2
It aims at replacing the deficient endogenous ketone body production, needed not only for energy supply, but possibly more so for the synthesis of complex cell and tissue components such as myelin in the central nervous system. (nature.com)
1. Fischer, D., Ebenau-Jehle, C. and Grisebach, H. Phytoalexin synthesis in soybean: purification and characterization of NADPH:2'-hydroxydaidzein oxidoreductase from elicitor-challenged soybean cell cultures. (qmul.ac.uk)
Glucose1
The engineered strain converts glucose to ethanol via acetate and acetaldehyde, catalyzed by the host-encoded aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase AOR and heterologously expressed AdhA, in an energy-conserving, redox-balanced pathway. (brenda-enzymes.info)
Enzymes2
The brains of adults who live on a high-carbohydrate diet lose the ability to synthesize the key enzymes needed to metabolize ketones. (medscape.com)
Le génome de C. phytofermentans code pour 171 enzymes qui dégradent les polysaccharides (CAZymes), soulignant l'ensemble complexe d'enzymes nécessaires pour transformer la biomasse en sucres. (cea.fr)
Activity1
Neural tissue has far more metabolic activity than other tissues of the body. (medscape.com)
Regulation1
Her laboratory investigates mechanisms of metabolic regulation, with emphasis on molecular events that link lifestyle factors such as over nutrition and physical inactivity to metabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes, and heart failure. (dukecancerinstitute.org)
Genes1
Imprinted genes, a class of functionally mono-allelic genes critical for early growth and metabolic axis development, have been proposed to be uniquely susceptible to environmental change. (prolekarniky.cz)
Process1
X-ray crystallography was used to investigate this complex enzymatic process, which showed Orf1 has two substrate-binding sites that sit 13.5 Å apart unlike canonical FAD-dependent oxidoreductases. (hokudai.ac.jp)
Mechanisms2
In our obesogenic environment, it is of great socioeconomic importance to investigate the mechanisms that contribute to the risk of metabolic ill health. (prolekarniky.cz)
Her team is integrating this new platform with metabolomics, proteomics, and metabolic flux analysis to gain insights into mechanisms by which mitochondria modulate insulin action and metabolic resilience. (dukecancerinstitute.org)
Include1
Clinical manifestations include hypoketotic hypoglycaemia, metabolic acidosis, cardiomyopathy, neurodevelopmental delay with leukodystrophy and myopathy. (nature.com)
Future1
Environmental factors during early life are critical for the later metabolic health of the individual and of future progeny. (prolekarniky.cz)