Metabolic diseases 11 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. Medical search. Frequent questions

Cortisol is converted by the action of the enzyme corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 2 into the inactive metabolite cortisone, particularly in the kidneys. (wikipedia.org)
Cortisone is converted back to the active steroid cortisol by stereospecific hydrogenation at carbon 11 by the enzyme 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, particularly in the liver. (wikipedia.org)
In various peripheral tissues, notably the kidneys, cortisol is inactivated to cortisone by the enzyme corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 2. (wikipedia.org)
More recent incretin-based treatment strategies include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) mimetics and inhibitors of the enzyme that degrades GLP-1, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). (ddw-online.com)
11beta-HSD-1 is an enzyme that converts the biologically inactive steroid cortisone into the active hormone cortisol. (genengnews.com)
G6P availability directly modulates the activity of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1), an ER-bound enzyme playing a key role in the development of the metabolic syndrome (MS). (biomedcentral.com)
11βHSD1 is an ER-bound enzyme catalyzing the conversion of inactive cortisone in active cortisol in humans. (biomedcentral.com)
Importantly, aspirin will also lower your baseline cortisol - indirectly by lowering inflammation, and directly by inhibiting the enzyme 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase Type 1. (wekerle100.eu)
This enzyme catalyzes the reduction of prostaglandin (PG) D2, PGH2 and phenanthrenequinone (PQ), and the oxidation of 9alpha,11beta-PGF2 to PGD2. (cancerindex.org)
Adipose tissue contains the enzyme 11-beta hydroxysteroid type one which converts inactive cortisone to cortisol, the more adipose tissue you have the more conversion [6] , thus breaking this cycle may be important in tackling obesity. (citizendium.com)
[7] The placenta forms the barrier between mother and fetus, and contains mechanisms to prevent the fetus from being overly exposed to high cortisol levels, this protection comes in the form of the enzyme 11 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 which, in humans, converts active cortisol to inactive cortisone. (citizendium.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is a bifunctional enzyme that is involved in the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway for fatty acids. (nih.gov)

Selective inhibitors of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 have been shown recently to ameliorate cardiovascular risk factors and inhibit the development of atherosclerosis. (ed.ac.uk)
This will provide greater insights into the potential benefit of selective 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitors in treatment of cardiovascular disease. (ed.ac.uk)
Mouse model with selective liver 11β-HSD1 overexpression show IR, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, but unaltered adiposity. (biomedcentral.com)
Actinogen Medical is developing its lead asset, small molecule Xanamem, a selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitor designed to cross the blood-brain barrier and target excess brain cortisol, which has been associated with cognitive impairment (CI). (edisongroup.com)
Actinogen Medical is an ASX-listed Australian biotech developing its lead asset Xanamem, a specific and selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitor designed to treat cognitive impairment (CI) that occurs in chronic neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. (edisongroup.com)
Elevated levels of 11β-HSD1 contributed to the expression of inflammatory cytokines, whereas BVT.2733, a selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitor, ameliorated inflammatory responses, ROS, and mitochondrial damage in LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells. (ac.ir)
Anti-inflammatory effect of a selective 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor via the stimulation of heme oxygenase-1 in LPS-activated mice and J774.1 murine macrophages. (ac.ir)
Using a combination of structural bioinformatics toolbox and advanced cellular and molecular biology techniques, we are currently focused on the identification and development of selective strategies for the treatment of neurodegenerative, metabolic, and infectious diseases. (cienciavida.org)

This article addresses the possibility that inhibition of 11 beta-hydroxsteroid dehydrogenase type 1 activity in cells of the cardiovascular system contributes to this beneficial action. (ed.ac.uk)
Inhibition of 11β-HSD1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target against the excessive activation of inflammation. (ac.ir)

It must be converted to cortisol by the action of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. (wikipedia.org)
After application to the skin or injection into a joint, local cells that express 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 instead convert it to active cortisol. (wikipedia.org)
[ 15 ] In a study of 190 patients with type 2 diabetes, 63 subjects (33%) had high cortisol concentrations. (medscape.com)
In alcoholic chronic liver disease, there is an increased cortisol secretion rate with impaired cortisol metabolism, instead of impaired cortisol secretion, and that is actually leading to increased cortisol levels. (medscape.com)
[ 22 , 23 ] In obesity, postulated mechanisms of hyperactivation of HPA axis include hyper-responsiveness to different neuropeptides, stress events, dietary factors, as well as a stimulation caused by augmented peripheral metabolism and clearance of cortisol by reduced conversion of cortisone to cortisol by 11β-HSD1 and increased conversion of cortisol to 5α-reduced derivatives. (medscape.com)
Multiple studies have linked excess cortisol with detrimental effects on cognition, which is evident in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. (edisongroup.com)
However, the role of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), which catalyzes the conversion of inactive cortisone into active cortisol, in inflammation remains unclear. (ac.ir)
Furthermore, cortisone and cortisol, which are the substrate and product of 11β-HSD1, respectively, showed biphasic responses and induced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines at a low concentration in both LPS-stimulated or untreated THP-1 cells. (ac.ir)
The upregulation of 11beta-HSD1 in ovarian granulosa cells by cortisol and interleukin-1beta in polycystic ovary syndrome. (ac.ir)
Increased cortisol levels correlate with obesity, as seen in Cushing's disease where a pathological overproduction of cortisol because of abnormal stimulation of the HPA axis leads to abdominal obesity. (citizendium.com)
There is also significant evidence that high stress levels, leading to high cortisol levels, during pregnancy can lead to a predisposition for the offspring to be of a low birth weight who then go on to develop many of the adverse effects associated with obesity, predominantly the metabolic syndrome later in life. (citizendium.com)
Using a cortisol-to-cortisone ratio, urinary free cortisol testing can also be used to diagnose inherited or acquired abnormalities of 11-beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase such as pseudohyperaldosteronism, licorice consumption, and chewing tobacco use. (medscape.com)
Urinary free cortisol is a sensitive test for the various types of adrenocortical dysfunction, particularly hypercortisolism (Cushing syndrome). (medscape.com)
The cause of Cushing syndrome (endogenous hypercortisolism rather than exogenous hypercortisolism resulting from medication) is overproduction of cortisol due to either a primary adrenal disease (eg, adenoma, carcinoma, nodular hyperplasia) or an excess of corticotropin (from a pituitary tumor or an ectopic source). (medscape.com)

NAD(P)-dependent steroid dehydrogenase-like is involved in breast cancer cell growth and metastasis. (nih.gov)

Defects in this gene that affect the peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation activity are a cause of D-bifunctional protein deficiency (DBPD). (nih.gov)

Moreover, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is 2-4 times higher in diabetics (2). (ddw-online.com)
The therapeutic potential for manipulation of glucocorticoid metabolism in cardiovascular disease was revolutionized by the recognition that access of glucocorticoids to their receptors is regulated in a tissue-specific manner by the isozymes of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. (ed.ac.uk)
The link between glucocorticoids and cardiovascular disease is complex as glucocorticoid excess is linked with increased cardiovascular events but glucocorticoid administration can reduce atherogenesis and restenosis in animal models. (ed.ac.uk)
Aspirin has been studied extensively in cardiovascular disease to prevent clot formation, and it is widely available and inexpensive. (wekerle100.eu)
the consumption of vegetables and fruits may protect against cancers, cardiovascular disease and neurodegenerative disorders (Heber, 2004). (psychosocialsomatic.com)
While stress has considerable value in adapting to disturbances, in modern life it can be maladaptive, as shown by the fact that stress has been directly linked to risk for a broad range of diseases, including cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease, various psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer (Cohen 2007). (ernolaszlo.com)

Under the firms' alliance, a small molecule inhibitor of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD)-1 has advanced into clinical testing as a treatment of diabetes and metabolic syndrome-related diseases. (genengnews.com)
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 inhibits plasminogen activators and subsequent fibrinolysis potentiating thromboembolic effects. (gremjournal.com)

The activity of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in these cells is dependent upon differentiation state, the action of pro-inflammaotory cytokines and the influence of endogenous inhibitors (oxysterols, bile acids). (ed.ac.uk)
The companies combined their respective research programs and decided to work together to identify and advance novel 11beta-HSD-1 inhibitors. (genengnews.com)
1-benzoyl-2-(2-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazole derivatives: A novel approach to the development of new HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. (cienciavida.org)
Lagos CF, *Caballero J, Gonzalez-Nilo FD, Pessoa-Mahana CD, Perez-Acle T. Docking and quantitative structure-activity relationship studies for the bisphenylbenzimidazole family of non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. (cienciavida.org)

It was not so long ago that cardiologists were warning us to avoid testosterone as they believed that it increased the risk of heart disease. (hippevo.com)
Hypogonadism that results in suboptimal testosterone levels is very dangerous as it contributes to higher risk of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, vascular plaque, Metabolic Syndrome and myocardial infarction. (hippevo.com)
In 2013, Zhang looked at CRP-hs and testosterone levels in 1989 healthy men between the ages of 20 and 69.22 These men did not have coronary disease, stroke history, cancer, Rheumatoid illness, thyroid or renal disease. (hippevo.com)

Special attention needs to be paid to dietary supplements that the patient might be using or has used (e.g. licorice inhibits 11 beta-hydroxysteroid buy Tanespimycin dehydrogenase (type 2), HSD11B2, and might result in the so-called "apparent mineralocorticoid excess syndrome") Functional impairment 17-DMAG (Alvespimycin) HCl is a central to the illness, and the method of determining this should be provided. (plcpathway.com)

Licorice constituents reduce or reverse drug resistance in MRSA when combined with beta-lactam antibiotics. (interactionsguide.com)

Conversely, 11β-HSD1 null mice exhibit a protective glycemic, lipid, and lipoprotein profile and show increased expression of hepatic mRNAs encoding regulators of fatty acid beta-oxidation. (biomedcentral.com)

Despite beneficial effects of current glucose-lowering treatments, disease-related morbidity and mortality remain considerable in T2DM patients, galvanising the search for innovative medications that target the multiple metabolic abnormalities as well as inflammatory processes and other pathways predisposing to diabetes-associated disorders. (ddw-online.com)
[ 7 ] Most of the abnormalities disappeared after 1-3 weeks of alcohol abstinence. (medscape.com)

A knowledge graph of biological entities such as genes, gene functions, diseases, phenotypes and chemicals. (edu.sa)
The invention "is also directed to compounds, compositions, and methods relating to traits, diseases and conditions that respond to the modulation of expression and/or activity of genes involved in 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 gene expression pathways or other cellular processes that mediate the maintenance or development of such traits, diseases, and conditions. (genomeweb.com)
In a Novartis-sponsored study in the New England Journal of Medicine, researchers found that a CRISPR-Cas9-based treatment targeting promoters of genes encoding fetal hemoglobin could reduce disease symptoms. (genomeweb.com)
After 10 weeks, exercised and non-exercised males were sampled to determine plasma 11-ketotestosterone levels, testicular mRNA expression levels of genes involved in steroidogenesis and gametogenesis by qPCR, as well as the relative abundance of germ cells representing the different spermatogenic stages by histological examination. (biomedcentral.com)
in one study, 31 genes in breast CAFs, which were identified using Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 and an empirical Bayesian model, were different from those in NFs ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Of the 31 genes, the 21 upregulated genes were primarily associated with cell paracrine and intracellular signaling, transcription regulation and cell adhesion and migration, and their transcriptional products included transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 and transcriptional factor AP-2α/γ ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
By contrast, the 10 downregulated genes were primarily associated with epithelial membrane proteins ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Genes mainly involved in coding adhesion molecules and growth factors have also been found to be upregulated in other types of CAFs, including colon ( 12 ) and pancreatic ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

For example, if the increase in PaCO2 is more than 0.7 times the increase in bicarbonate, then metabolic alkalosis coexists with primary respiratory acidosis. (medscape.com)

The Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) regulates cell plasticity during embryonic development and in disease. (researchgate.net)
Anti-inflammatory effects of levalbuterol-induced 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 activity in airway epithelial cells. (ac.ir)

[ 1 , 2 ] is a group of conditions associated with clinical and biochemical features of Cushing syndrome, but the hypercortisolemia is usually secondary to other factors. (medscape.com)
Alliance targets 11beta-HSD-1 for the treatment of metabolic syndrome disorders. (genengnews.com)
This program addresses several features of the metabolic syndrome, a combination of disorders including abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, and insulin resistance or glucose intolerance, all of which contribute to an increased risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. (genengnews.com)
Overexpression of 11beta-HSD-1 in mouse adipose tissue leads to a metabolic syndrome-like phenotype including increased central obesity, hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, and hypertriglyceridemia. (genengnews.com)
Copp T, Jansen J, Doust J, Mol BW, Dokras A, McCaffery K. Are expanding disease definitions unnecessarily labelling women with polycystic ovary syndrome? (medscape.com)
A homozygous missense variant in HSD17B4 identified in a consanguineous Chinese Han family with type II Perrault syndrome. (nih.gov)

The increased 11β-HSD1 activity in adipose tissue in obese rats and in some but not all studies of obese humans causes visceral obesity and its metabolic consequences [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The gene expression of 11β-HSD1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines was detected via RT-PCR. (ac.ir)
11,12 Hettema et al, 13 highlighted the role of the PPARGC1A gene as a potential susceptibility gene for anxiety-related disorders. (omjournal.org)
The invention relates to "compounds, compositions, and methods for the study, diagnosis, and treatment of traits, diseases and conditions that respond to the modulation of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 gene expression and/or activity," the patent application's abstract states. (genomeweb.com)
Specifically, the invention relates to double stranded nucleic acid molecules … capable of mediating RNA interference against 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 gene expression, including cocktails of such small nucleic acid molecules and lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations of such small nucleic acid molecules. (genomeweb.com)
Adachi M , Tachibana K , Asakura Y , Abe S , Nakae J , Tajima T , Fujieda K . Compound heterozygous mutations in the gamma subunit gene of ENaC (1627delG and 1570‐1G→A) in one sporadic Japanese patient with a systemic form of pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1. (comprehensivephysiology.com)

The amount of literature exploring this is rather robust and shows a clear picture that hypogonadism is not only correlated with inflammatory vascular disease but is causative in the progression to coronary disease. (hippevo.com)

These actions may be regulated by glucocorticoid and/or mineralocorticoid receptors but are also dependent on the 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases which may be expressed in cardiac, vascular (endothelial, smooth muscle) and inflammatory (macrophages, neutrophils) cells. (ed.ac.uk)
7. Chapman K, Holmes M, Seckl J. 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases: Intracellular gate-keepers of tissue glucocorticoid action. (ac.ir)
11. Chapman KE, Coutinho AE, Zhang Z, Kipari T, Savill JS, Seckl JR. Changing glucocorticoid action: 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in acute and chronic inflammation. (ac.ir)

Blood samples were collected over a period of seven months, and lab work was carried out over a period of two months from September 1, 2018 to May 30, 2019. (omjournal.org)
Tel.: +1 773 325 2018. (cdc.gov)

5. Itoi S, Terao M, Murota H, Katayama I. 11beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 contributes to the pro-inflammatory response of keratinocytes. (ac.ir)

Administration of sodium bicarbonate in amounts that exceed the capacity of the kidneys to excrete this excess bicarbonate may cause metabolic alkalosis. (medscape.com)
aldosterone and metabolic alkalosis both cause the kidneys to excrete potassium. (msdmanuals.com)

Metabolic alkalosis is a primary increase in serum bicarbonate (HCO3-) concentration. (medscape.com)
As a compensatory mechanism, metabolic alkalosis leads to alveolar hypoventilation with a rise in arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2), which diminishes the change in pH that would otherwise occur. (medscape.com)
The first clue to metabolic alkalosis is often an elevated bicarbonate concentration that is observed when serum electrolyte measurements are obtained. (medscape.com)
However, a bicarbonate concentration greater than 35 mEq/L is almost always caused by metabolic alkalosis. (medscape.com)
Metabolic alkalosis is diagnosed by measuring serum electrolytes and arterial blood gases. (medscape.com)
If the etiology of metabolic alkalosis is not clear from the clinical history and physical examination, including drug use and the presence of hypertension, then a urine chloride ion concentration can be obtained. (medscape.com)
Calculation of the serum anion gap may also help to differentiate between primary metabolic alkalosis and metabolic compensation for respiratory acidosis. (medscape.com)
The management of metabolic alkalosis depends primarily on the underlying etiology and on the patient's volume status. (medscape.com)
An algorithmic approach to metabolic alkalosis is depicted in the image below. (medscape.com)
Algorithm for metabolic alkalosis. (medscape.com)
For a discussion of metabolic alkalosis in children, see Pediatric Metabolic Alkalosis. (medscape.com)
The organ systems involved in metabolic alkalosis are mainly the kidneys and GI tract. (medscape.com)
The pathogenesis involves 2 processes, the generation of metabolic alkalosis and the maintenance of metabolic alkalosis, which usually overlap. (medscape.com)
Vomiting or nasogastric (NG) suction generates metabolic alkalosis by the loss of gastric secretions, which are rich in hydrochloric acid (HCl). (medscape.com)
This capacity is reduced when a reduction in filtered bicarbonate occurs, as observed in renal failure, or when enhanced tubular reabsorption of bicarbonate occurs, as observed in volume depletion (see Maintenance of metabolic alkalosis). (medscape.com)

The patent application, according to its abstract, claims "methods … for the treatment of cardiovascular or metabolic diseases characterized by elevated serum total cholesterol, elevated serum LDL-cholesterol, or elevated serum triglycerides, through the administration of an oligomeric compound which modulates the levels or activity of miR-122a. (genomeweb.com)
Its goal is facilitating the discovery and/or design of novel small molecules with biological activity for pharmacological purposes, or to serve as a starting point for the development of novel drugs targeting diseases of high prevalence in Chile. (cienciavida.org)
OBJECTIVES: Andrographis paniculata has in vitro inhibitory activity against TNF-α, IL-1β and NF-κB. (researchgate.net)

Diets rich in vegetables, herbs, plants and fruits are associated with reduced risk of several major diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. (psychosocialsomatic.com)

We speculate a possible role of 11βHSD1 modulation by G6P availability. (biomedcentral.com)

In contrast, 11beta-HSD-1 knockout mice resist visceral obesity and diabetes through improved function of insulin in liver and adipose tissues. (genengnews.com)
Recent studies in humans and rodents suggest a role of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) in the development of idiopathic obesity and MS [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Dr. Alan Christianson is a Naturopathic Endocrinologist who focuses on Thyroid function, specifically Hashimoto's, Hypothyroidism, and Graves' disease. (melanieavalon.com)
Dr. Chritianson is also a NY Times bestselling author whose books include The Metabolism Reset Diet , The Adrenal Reset Diet , and the Complete Idiot's Guide to Thyroid Disease . (melanieavalon.com)
He has a focus on thyroid function, specifically Hashimoto's, hypothyroidism and Graves' disease. (melanieavalon.com)
He has The Complete Idiot's Guide to Thyroid Disease, he has The Adrenal Reset Diet, and he also has the most recently released, The Metabolism Reset Diet. (melanieavalon.com)

An emerging lesser known, but potentially fatal complication of T2DM is the accumulation of fat in hepatocytes (steatosis), that leads to the chronic liver disorder Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and its more advanced form, Non-Alcoholic Steato-Hepatitis (NASH). (ddw-online.com)
A particular type of hypercortisolism presenting during the above conditions, named functional hypercortisolism, is caused by chronic activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. (medscape.com)
It helps increase the oxidation of glucose as fuel for your body while inhibiting the release of fatty acids from your fat cells, specifically linoleic acid (LA), an omega-6 fat which I suspect is a primary driver of chronic disease. (wekerle100.eu)
A recent systematic review found that among the residing population of the UAE, female sex, family history of chronic diseases, low socioeconomic status, lack of social support, and stressful life events are significant risk factors in developing depression. (omjournal.org)
Compelling evidence from epidemiological studies suggest beneficial roles of dietary phytochemicals in protecting against chronic disorders such as cancer, and inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases. (psychosocialsomatic.com)

This altered glucose metabolism state is associated with an increased risk of developing T2DM (Figure 1), although other parameters including excess adiposity, inflammation and dyslipidemia are risk factors associated with the development of insulin resistance, loss of pancreatic function, worsening of hyperglycemia and progression to diabetes (1). (ddw-online.com)

This white paper will not consider patients with skin diseases associated with a primary psychiatric disorder. (ernolaszlo.com)

Also AVP levels are elevated in patients with decompensated liver disease and may stimulate HPA axis. (medscape.com)
Data indicates that elevated levels of adipose and liver 11beta-HSD-1 are detrimental to metabolic control. (genengnews.com)

Early clinical evidence has shown that inhibiting 11beta-HSD-1 can reduce glucose and lipids in diabetic patients. (genengnews.com)
11βHSD1 requires NADPH as a cofactor generated by the hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PDH)-mediated conversion of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) to 6-phosphogluconactone (6PGL) [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

New therapeutics must therefore address the multi-factorial nature of T2DM, and aim to treat diabetic patients at an earlier stage of the disease, if pharmacological interventions hope to halt the epidemic. (ddw-online.com)

The most frequently diagnosed subtype of hypercortisolism is corticotropin-dependent Cushing disease resulting from a pituitary corticotroph adenoma. (medscape.com)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for approximately 90% of the cases of diabetes. (ddw-online.com)
Type 2 diabetics, but also prediabetics, are at increased risk for a wide range of debilitating diseases and diabetes is the leading cause of new cases of kidney failure and blindness and of nontraumatic lower limb amputation. (ddw-online.com)

Overall, the results indicate that 11β-HSD1 amplifies inflammatory responses by activating the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. (ac.ir)

Hyperinsulinism decreases: the number of insuin receptors, insulin-like factor receptors, insulin-like growth factor binding globulin-1 and sex hormone binding globulin. (gremjournal.com)

Inhibition of 11beta-HSD-1 represents an important new mechanism of action for treating diabetic patients," according to Richard Gregg, Ph.D., Vitae's CSO. (genengnews.com)
This study aimed to examine the mechanism of actions of 11β-HSD1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced THP-1 cells. (ac.ir)

It is widely recognized that the accumulation of various harmful genetic alterations in normal cells may induce malignant cancer cells ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Therefore, it has been demonstrated that genetic or epigenetic alterations may be responsible for the special features of CAFs ( Fig. 1 ) ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Compared to NFs, CAFs possess numerous types of potential genetic alterations and epigenetic changes. (spandidos-publications.com)

Note the ∼1 cm nodule in the distal portion of the medial limb of the right adrenal gland (arrow). (comprehensivephysiology.com)

Actinogen is targeting two CI indications: for patients with mild CI (MCI) in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). (edisongroup.com)
Currently, Actinogen is targeting CI in two indications: the early stages of Alzheimer's disease and major depressive disorder. (edisongroup.com)
Emerging findings suggest that several dietary phytochemicals also benefit the nervous system and, when consumed regularly, may reduce the risk of disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. (psychosocialsomatic.com)
1 Current use of YK preparations focuses on the treatment of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in patients with Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body dementia. (bmj.com)

Cytokine storm and sepsis disease pathogenesis. (ac.ir)
It may play an important role in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases such as asthma, and may also have a role in controlling cell growth and/or differentiation. (cancerindex.org)

Inflammatory cytokines have an inhibitory effect on leydig cell steroidogenesis, altering 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. (hippevo.com)

Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) was introduced in 1899 as an alternative to sodium salicylate, 1 a pain reliever and anti-inflammatory known for its unpleasant side effects such as stomach cramps, heartburn, nausea and vomiting. (wekerle100.eu)

The protein expression of IL-1β in cell supernatants was detected via ELISA. (ac.ir)
In these ways, neurohormetic phytochemicals such as resveratrol, sulforaphanes and curcumin might protect neurons against injury and disease by stimulating the production of antioxidant enzymes, neurotrophic factors, protein chaperones and other proteins that help cells to withstand stress. (psychosocialsomatic.com)

One of the greatest challenges in T2DM disease management is the prevention of its long-term complications and the treatment of associated disorders, including NAFLD/NASH and CVD. (ddw-online.com)
Yokukansan (YK) and Yokukansan-ka-chimpihange (YKCH) are Japanese kampo (traditional) medicines-consisting of seven and nine crude drug extracts, respectively ( table 1 )-for the treatment of restlessness and agitation in children. (bmj.com)
A family history of acne is associated with earlier occurrence of the disease, increased number of retentional lesions, and therapeutic difficulties, especially a higher risk for a relapse after oral isotretinoin treatment [11]. (springer.com)
Acrylamide (ACR) is a reactive chemical widely used in several industrial processes, including the production of paper, dyes, soil conditioners, cosmetics, as well as for wastewater and municipal drinking water treatment [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

1 Depressive disorders are more common in women than men. (omjournal.org)
Ranked the #1 clinical journal covering gastroenterology and hepatology*, The American Journal of Gastroenterology (AJG) provides practical and professional support for clinicians dealing with the gastroenterological disorders seen most often in patients. (researchgate.net)

Norambuena P, Quiroz S, Larrondo L, Perez-Acle T, Eyzaguirre J. An eleven amino acid residue deletion expands the substrate specificity of acetyl xylan esterase II (AXE II) from Penicillium purpurogenum. (cienciavida.org)

Puberty is then characterised by the first spermatogenic event in males and the start of vitellogenesis in females [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism from ATP production can help to increase your metabolic rate and help you lose weight. (wekerle100.eu)

Metabolic signals and environmental stimuli are known to play a fundamental role in triggering puberty [ 3 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
2011), are able to learn structure from natural stimuli and that the types of structure learnt can again be related to cortical RFs as measured in the mammalian brain (Saxe et al. (plcpathway.com)

These astonishing statistics help to illustrate the epidemic prevalence of T2DM, and the major need for effective diagnostic, intervention and disease management strategies. (ddw-online.com)

Anatomy1

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs29

Phenomena and Processes1

Enzyme12

Selective8

Inhibition of 112

Cortisol14

Steroid1

Deficiency1

Cardiovascular disease6

Inhibitor2

Inhibitors4

Testosterone3

Hsd11b21

Licorice1

Fatty acid beta-oxidation1

Abnormalities2

Genes8

Increase in bicarbonate1

Epithelial2

Syndrome6

Adipose tissue1

Gene5

Hypogonadism1

Glucocorticoid3

20182

Contributes1

Kidneys to excrete2

Alkalosis15

Activity3

Neurodegenerative disorders1

Modulation1

Obesity2

Thyroid4

Chronic5

Progression1

Primary1

Liver2

Glucose2

Pharmacological1

Pituitary1

Diabetes2

Pathways1

Receptors1

Mechanism2

Alterations3

Adrenal1

Alzheimer's4

Pathogenesis2

Inflammatory cytokines1

Anti-inflammatory1

Protein2

Treatment4

Disorders2

Substrate1

Males1

Metabolism1

Stimuli2

Prevalence1