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In addition, some pathways that are typically altered during cardiac aging-induced damage, including the generation of radical oxidative species, the mitochondrial metabolic activity, the modulation of the mitochondrial calcium buffering capacity, and the regulation of estradiol and estrogen-regulated gene expression, were investigated [ 20 - 22 ]. (hindawi.com)
Metabolome analysis of whole kidneys and proximal tubular cells (PTCs) from TSC mice showed major perturbation in several metabolic pathways, mainly the arginine biosynthesis pathway. (asn-online.org)
But the experiment did discover differences in the metabolic profiles of immature versus activated DCs, and yielded "significantly" altered pathways in the TCA cycle, α-linolenic acid metabolism, and degradation of valine, leucine, and isoleucine. (chromatographyonline.com)
In a cell, chemical compounds are put together, taken apart, and moved around through pathways that resemble moving assembly lines. (visionlearning.com)
The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, each step being facilitated by a specific enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways among vastly different species. (wikipedia.org)
These similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention is likely due to their efficacy. (wikipedia.org)
The main aim of this paper is to review the pathways that lead to cell death in plants with a purpose of identifying the anti-cell death genes. (essaywriter.org)
Main metabolic pathways, primary and secondary metabolites. (gomp.it)
Over the next 2 or 3 decades, errors in glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and adjacent pathways were elucidated by such methods, although some of these errors are debated still. (medscape.com)
These health concerns have demonstrated that clearance and oxidation of single wall carbon been associated - to a large extent - with the reported long ``life- nanotubes (SWCNT) in the lungs after their pharyngeal span'' of SWCNT in the lung thus necessitating exploration of aspiration was markedly less effective whereas inflammatory possible metabolic pathways leading to their biodegradation. (cdc.gov)

However, the microbial metabolic pathway of the fungicide and the genetic systems driving its degradation by strain P3 remain unknown. (nature.com)
Therefore, elucidation of the microbial metabolic pathway of OPP is a prerequisite for the downstream exploitation of strain P3 in any environmental application. (nature.com)
6 identified a gene cluster, hbpCAD , encoding the upper metabolic pathway of OPP which involves the transformation of OPP to 2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoateand benzoic acid (BA). (nature.com)
The downstream transformation of BA involved a meta -cleavage pathway, although its genetic organization and function was not revealed and the overall network of genes driving the full metabolic pathway of OPP is still not known. (nature.com)
We applied the new method to learning the regulatory network and the metabolic pathway from Saccharomyces Cerevisiae cell cycle gene expression data. (sciweavers.org)
Here, we show that TSC kidneys exhibit major metabolic alterations, mainly the arginine biosynthesis pathway and that arginine pathway inhibition alleviates the TSC cyst overload. (asn-online.org)
Rapamycin treatment reversed the increase in ASS1 expression in Tsc1 Knockout HK2 cell, emphasizing the contribution of the Tsc1-mTORC1 pathway to ASS1 expression. (asn-online.org)
Finally, arginine depletion in vivo and in vitro reduced the mTOR signaling pathway, cell proliferation, and kidney cyst overload. (asn-online.org)
Here we design a synthetic malyl-CoA-glycerate (MCG) pathway to augment the CBB cycle for efficient acetyl-CoA synthesis. (osti.gov)
article{osti_1500021, title = {Augmenting the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle by a synthetic malyl-CoA-glycerate carbon fixation pathway}, author = {Yu, Hong and Li, Xiaoqian and Duchoud, Fabienne and Chuang, Derrick S. and Liao, James C.}, abstractNote = {The Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle is presumably evolved for optimal synthesis of C3 sugars, but not for the production of C2 metabolite acetyl-CoA. (osti.gov)
Therefore, a metabolic shift from mitochondrial respiration to the glycolytic pathway occurs during OB differentiation. (nih.gov)
One such important chemical pathway is the circular assembly line known as the Krebs cycle. (visionlearning.com)
The main biochemical pathway where the breakdown of biological fuels comes together is called the Krebs cycle. (visionlearning.com)
Surprisingly, analysis of the cardiac proteome revealed that proteins in the mevalonate pathway , an essential metabolic pathway, are highly expressed midway through heart development. (medicalxpress.com)
Through their thorough analysis, the researchers determined that the mevalonate pathway regulates embryonic heart cell cycling and critical signaling molecules. (medicalxpress.com)
In this study, we used WGCNA, a pathway-resolved data-driven method, to explore the relationship between metabolites and CMV infection. (mdpi.com)
Glycolysis is a fundamental metabolic pathway that is essential for the generation of energy in living organisms. (passemall.com)
The metabolic pathway of glycolysis is a fundamental and indispensable process that instigates the breakdown of glucose, a saccharide of six carbon atoms, into two molecules of pyruvate. (passemall.com)
The metabolic process of glycolysis is a complex pathway that takes place in the cytoplasm of all living cells, breaking down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. (passemall.com)
The inscrutable process of glycolysis, the ubiquitous metabolic pathway that takes place in all living organisms, is an intricate and perplexing feat of nature. (passemall.com)

Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and transporting molecules from one location to another. (wikipedia.org)
You will learn about the processes that allow energy to be harvested from sunlight, converted and stored in food and released to drive biochemical reactions within cells. (manchester.ac.uk)
In the 1920s and 1930s, biochemists began discovering enzymes - proteins in our cells that catalyze chemical reactions . (visionlearning.com)
In case study 1, the proposed method identified three minimal reaction sets each containing 38 reactions in Escherichia coli central metabolic network with 77 reactions. (biomedcentral.com)
In case study 2, the proposed method identified 256 minimal reaction sets from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome scale metabolic network with 620 reactions. (biomedcentral.com)
Identification of all minimal reactions sets in metabolic networks is essential since different minimal reaction sets have different properties that effect the bioprocess development. (biomedcentral.com)
In biotechnology applications, improved performance has been reported by the strains with minimal metabolism created by blocking handful of reactions that drive the metabolic flux through the predefined minimal metabolic reactions [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This approach does not provide any indication on what reactions have to be blocked in order to construct the cell with minimal metabolism besides its computational complexity is high. (biomedcentral.com)
The word metabolism can also refer to the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transportation of substances into and between different cells, in which case the above described set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary (or intermediate) metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
The basal metabolic rate of an organism is the measure of the amount of energy consumed by all of these chemical reactions. (wikipedia.org)
As these molecules are vital for life, metabolic reactions either focus on making these molecules during the construction of cells and tissues, or on breaking them down and using them to obtain energy, by their digestion. (wikipedia.org)
A metabolic disorder is any disease or disorder that negatively affects the biochemical reactions through which individual animal cells process nutrient molecules (such as the components of carbohydrates , proteins , and fats ) to yield energy or perform the functions necessary to sustain life (such as building complex molecules and creating cellular structure). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
This intricate sequence of biochemical reactions constitutes the initial step in the chain of cellular respiration, occurring ubiquitously in the cytoplasmic compartment of all known living cells. (passemall.com)
Because microbes differ in their function and activity levels, and individually respond to the conditions in their immediate microenvironment that trigger specific biogeochemical and metabolic reactions, these processes can only be fully understood if we (also) study them at microscale. (lu.se)

Like other biological macromolecules such as polysaccharides and nucleic acids, proteins are essential parts of organisms and participate in virtually every process within cells. (wikipedia.org)
Proteins also have structural or mechanical functions, such as actin and myosin in muscle and the proteins in the cytoskeleton, which form a system of scaffolding that maintains cell shape. (wikipedia.org)
Other proteins are important in cell signaling, immune responses, cell adhesion, and the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Digestion breaks the proteins down for metabolic use. (wikipedia.org)
A flavin-dependent monoxygenase (OppA1), one of the most up-regulated proteins in the OPP-growing cells, was isolated via heterologous expression and its catabolic activity was verified in vitro . (nature.com)
Interactions between proteins and membranes are a vital part of cell functioning. (unifr.ch)
The main types of biological macromolecules that cells use for fuel are sugars, fats, and proteins. (visionlearning.com)
Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are the primary source of ECM proteins and the ultimate effector cells in ECM remodeling. (thno.org)
We have learned that genes in mammalian cells are transcribed into messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which are to be translated into polypeptides (proteins). (intechopen.com)
To understand the underlying processes of heart development and CHDs, it is critical to study both the genome and proteome, which is the set of expressed proteins in a given type of cell or organism. (medicalxpress.com)
Using this method, they measured the expression of 7,313 cardiac proteins and determined that approximately 3,799 proteins show differences in expression over the course of heart development. (medicalxpress.com)
2007). For an effect-based assessment, poten- cellular components and proteins, they are suspected to tial target organs and target cells need to be known (Borm & evade the natural defense system of the human organism, Kreyling, 2004). (cdc.gov)

Single-cell transcriptome RNA sequencing coupled with functional T-cell proteomics analysis uncovers the top-upregulated genes that might be critical for the persistence of polyfunctional CAR-T cells in mice. (nature.com)
Synthetic biology provides the tools and techniques to design and construct artificial cells with minimal functionality containing a minimal genome, but with all the essential genes for survival in a defined environment and possessing replication capabilities [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, there is need for fundamental distinction between the different types and functions of genes that are involved in anti-cell death in plants. (essaywriter.org)
At the end of the discussion, significant insights will be developed to paint a picture of the emerging trends in plant development with respect to the topical research on anti-cell death genes. (essaywriter.org)
The dominant discovery in these experiments indicates that there is a heterologous expression of certain genes in plants that can regulate cell death. (essaywriter.org)

Methods commonly used to study protein structure and function include immunohistochemistry, site-directed mutagenesis, X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. (wikipedia.org)
Most naïve T cells do not express surface CTLA4 because of its binding to AP50, a subunit of the clathrin adaptor AP-2 protein ( 2 ). (snmjournals.org)
BMMSCs also significantly improved the expression level of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II in both DCD donor livers and ROS-induced injured IAR-20 cells, including upregulating the expression of ferritin. (medscimonit.com)
The insulin receptor (IR) and JAK1 tyrosine kinases and STAT3 can serve as direct substrates for the T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP). (diabetesjournals.org)
Transcriptional coactivator Yes-associated protein (YAP) can promote the proliferation of multiple cancer cells, corneal endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells, which participate in angiogenesis. (molvis.org)
This kinase is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression and G1/S transition. (cancerindex.org)
Most metabolic disorders are inherited from one or both parents who carry a defective gene that regulates a particular protein in a class of the body's cells. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
We now have a foundational data set that shows how protein dynamics change in normal heart development ," said first author Whitney Edwards, Ph.D., and assistant professor in the UNC Department of Cell Biology and Physiology. (medicalxpress.com)
Whitney Edwards et al, Quantitative proteomic profiling identifies global protein network dynamics in murine embryonic heart development, Developmental Cell (2023). (medicalxpress.com)
MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)
DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)

A reliable method for metabolite extraction is central to mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. (frontiersin.org)
Commonly used spectrometric techniques are nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). Each method has its own pros and cons, while MS prevails in sensitivity and selectivity ( Emwas, 2015 ). (frontiersin.org)
Researchers said they have devised a novel setup using a secondary electrospray ionization-high resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS) platform to detect bacterial cultures in cells that are vital to immune and memory functions. (chromatographyonline.com)

The tripeptide glutathione (l-y-glutamyl-l-cysteinyl-glycine, GSH) plays a pivotal role in metabolic and cell-cycle related functions in virtually all cells. (ersjournals.com)
Evidently, it has been established from the above outline that cell death plays a pivotal role in the innate responses in both animals and plants. (essaywriter.org)

We tested the role of whole-body molecular imaging in patients with advanced melanoma receiving the CTLA4-blocking antibody tremelimumab, allowing the analysis of changes in glucose metabolism using the PET probe 18 F-FDG and cell replication with the PET probe 3′-deoxy-3′- 18 F-fluorothymidine ( 18 F-FLT). (snmjournals.org)
During the cellular differentiation process, cellular metabolism alters as the cell prepares for ongoing changes. (nih.gov)
Overall, the platform did provide an "attractive complementary approach to standard metabolomics methods," according to the researchers, for many of the reasons hypothesized for SESI-HRMS's improvement over conventional LC-MS or GC-MS. By providing an assessment of DC metabolism related to immune cells, the study concluded that valuable information could be newly communicated to clear up "crosstalk" and emphasize the vital role of DCs in immunomodulatory strategies. (chromatographyonline.com)
Analysis of these three minimal reaction sets revealed that one of them is more suitable for developing minimal metabolism cell compared to other two due to practically achievable internal flux distribution. (biomedcentral.com)
The metabolism of cancer cells is also different from the metabolism of normal cells, and these differences can be used to find targets for therapeutic intervention in cancer. (wikipedia.org)
Amino acids also contribute to cellular energy metabolism by providing a carbon source for entry into the citric acid cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle), especially when a primary source of energy, such as glucose, is scarce, or when cells undergo metabolic stress. (wikipedia.org)
The instructions for building nearly all the enzymes involved in metabolism are stored as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the nucleus of the cell. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Quiescent fibroblasts exhibit high metabolic activity. (harvard.edu)

It aims to provide an understanding of the basic chemical properties of molecules that make life possible and a description of the key components of the cell and their biochemical interactions. (manchester.ac.uk)
An introduction to biochemical and biophysical methods will be given. (manchester.ac.uk)
By combining coarse grain MD simulations and biochemical and cellular experiments, we investigate how membrane properties modulate remodelling processes and how this might influence cell functioning. (unifr.ch)
CNT in biochemical models and in cells yielding the products engineered CNT represent a possible health risk due to their that did not cause pulmonary inflammation in mice [14]. (cdc.gov)

FDG is a glucose analogue which is taken up by human cells by means transmembrane glucose transporters (GLUTs) and then phosphorylated to FDG-6-phosphate. (hindawi.com)
iPS cells were cultured in a medium without glucose and supplemented with galactose, as well as 1 mM of calcium lactate, sodium lactate or lactic acid. (spandidos-publications.com)
It was suggested that lactate promoted the survival of iPS cells cultured in a medium without glucose and supplemented with galactose. (spandidos-publications.com)
Glucose is essential for cell survival and is metabolized to pyruvate ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Cells die in glucose-deprived media ( 16 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
It was hypothesized that the addition of glucose and galactose promoted hepatocyte differentiation of iPS cell. (spandidos-publications.com)
This process plays a critical role in breaking down glucose to produce ATP, which is the primary source of energy for cells. (passemall.com)
[ 2 ] The brain cannot use fatty acids for energy production and usually depends on glucose to meet its metabolic needs. (medscape.com)

Furthermore, these oxygen consuming organisms typically release carbon dioxide as a metabolic byproduct. (justia.com)
Several methods exist for measuring the increase of carbon dioxide in a sample to determine whether organisms are present in the sample. (justia.com)
For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. (wikipedia.org)
Anti-cell death is a technique adopted by multi-cellular organisms as a defensive and developmental mechanism (Franklin-Tong and Gourlay, pg 390). (essaywriter.org)
FA is also produced by most living organisms as part of regular metabolic activities. (cdc.gov)
To survive in such environments, some organisms work together using metabolic syntrophy - a type of mutualistic symbiosis where there is a metabolic division of labour amongst individuals in a community. (lu.se)

They can exist for minutes or years with an average lifespan of 1-2 days in mammalian cells. (wikipedia.org)
Here, we present a simplified metabolite extraction (SiMeEx) method, to efficiently and quickly extract metabolites from adherent mammalian cells. (frontiersin.org)
For adherent mammalian cells in culture the normal procedure involves their detachment from the surface. (frontiersin.org)
In this current study, we present a new and shorter method, termed as simplified metabolite extraction (SiMeEx), to extract metabolites from adherent mammalian cells. (frontiersin.org)
The growth medium provides nutrients that allow the pathogen, such as a bacteria, virus, mycobacteria, mammalian cells or the like, to multiply to a sufficient number so that their presence can be detected. (justia.com)
For example, certain microorganisms such as mammalian cells, insect cells, bacteria, viruses, mycobacteria and fungi consume oxygen during their growth and life cycle. (justia.com)
Molecular mechanisms of the initiation of transcription from TATA box have been well known as the most essential nuclear events in mammalian cells. (intechopen.com)

Metabolic reprogramming is an essential mechanism by which cells rewire their activity to promote cell proliferation and growth. (asn-online.org)
Arginine depletion ameliorates PTC signaling and cell proliferation which are significant contributors to cyst development in TSC. (asn-online.org)
Preclinical models predict that blockade of the coinhibitory molecule cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) on lymphocytes results in the release of a cell cycle inhibitory checkpoint, allowing lymphocyte proliferation, tumor targeting, and regression. (snmjournals.org)
Molecular imaging with the PET probe 18 F-FLT allows mapping and noninvasive imaging of cell proliferation in secondary lymphoid organs after CTLA4 blockade in patients with metastatic melanoma. (snmjournals.org)
A clear example of the critical role of CTLA4 on tolerance is the striking phenotype of CTLA4 knock-out mice, which develop rapid T-cell proliferation and autoimmune infiltration of multiple organs shortly after birth ( 6 , 7 ). (snmjournals.org)
The proliferation of choroidal endothelial cells (CECs) is one important step in the formation of new vessels. (molvis.org)
This study showed that YAP upregulation promoted CNV formation by upregulating the proliferation of endothelial cells, providing evidence for the molecular mechanisms of CNV and suggesting a novel molecular target for nAMD treatment. (molvis.org)
Among them, VEGF-A can promote the division and proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and neovascularization and maintain the survival of new vessels. (molvis.org)
A mutation in this gene resulting in reduced cell proliferation, and impaired cell motility and polarity, and has been identified in patients with primary microcephaly. (cancerindex.org)
Gene expression must be appropriately maintained to regulate development, differentiation, and proliferation of cells. (intechopen.com)

Investigators] developed a model system that allows [them] to monitor metabolic differences between proliferating and quiescent cells. (harvard.edu)
To clarify the metabolic differences between iPS cells in HDI and ReproFF (undifferentiated state), a metabolome analysis was performed. (spandidos-publications.com)
It is a complicated process that requires meticulous attention to detail and a keen understanding of the structural differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, which are responsible for the contrasting locations in which glycolysis occurs. (passemall.com)

It provides a dominant negative signaling to T cells on binding to the costimulatory molecules CD80 (B7.1) and CD86 (B7.2) expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells ( 1 ). (snmjournals.org)
Cell surface CTLA4 has 100-1,000 times higher affinity for the costimulatory molecules expressed by antigen-presenting cells, thereby efficiently competing with the positive costimulatory receptor CD28 ( 1 ). (snmjournals.org)
The engagement of CTLA4 by costimulatory molecules results in decreased T-cell receptor signaling, interleukin 2 transcription ( 3 ), and cell cycle arrest at the G1 stage, with the final result of inducing T-cell anergy ( 4 , 5 ). (snmjournals.org)
By applying classical OB differentiation methods and a phytoestrogen ferutinin stimulated OB differentiation procedure, Dr. Maity showed that the levels of KLF2 and autophagy-related molecules increase during osteoblast differentiation. (nih.gov)
Moreover, at the microscopic level within cells , might the processing of molecules also proceed in an organized fashion, as if moving through a tiny factory? (visionlearning.com)
The key molecules involved in glycolysis are essential for the successful completion of the metabolic process. (passemall.com)
Glycolysis requires an initial input of two molecules of ATP to begin the metabolic process. (passemall.com)

For this purpose, a cellular model of senescent myocardial cells was set up and evaluated using colorimetric, fluorimetric, and immunometric techniques. (hindawi.com)
Relevant cellular senescence markers, such as X-gal staining, cell cycle regulator levels, and the percentage of cell cycle-arrested cells, were found to be reduced in the presence of naringenin. (hindawi.com)
Because aging has been demonstrated to be directly related to the occurrence of cardiac disorders, together, the data have prompted us to investigate the effects of Nar in a cellular model of aged myocardial cells. (hindawi.com)
Various cellular senescence hallmarks (the percentage of X-gal staining cells, the mRNA levels of the p16 and p21 cell cycle regulators, and the percentage of cell cycle-arrested cells) were investigated. (hindawi.com)
Immunofluorescent double staining was used to detect YAP cellular localization with CD31 (an endothelial cell marker) antibody. (molvis.org)
Dr. Jyoitirindra Maity has focused on cellular and molecular biology in rare disease models and cancer and stem cell modeling throughout his career. (nih.gov)
WRN critically regulates autophagy in various cellular stresses, including starvation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress conditions to rescue the cell, and basal situations to restore proper cellular function. (nih.gov)
However, each differentiation method has a different impact on cellular metabolic changes. (nih.gov)
In addition, puerarin is efficacious in blocking NLRP3-Caspase-1-GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in H9C2 cells and RAW264.7 cells, alleviating cellular inflammation. (bvsalud.org)

Because aging has been demonstrated to be directly related to the occurrence of cardiac disorders, in the present study, the ability of naringenin to prevent cardiac cell senescence was investigated. (hindawi.com)
Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, a key pathological feature in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), is triggered by oxidative stress, inflammation, and various metabolic disorders in the heart. (thno.org)
Metabolic disorders typically result when an enzyme necessary for some step in a metabolic process is missing or improperly constructed due to a genetic defect. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Given the number of metabolic disorders and the range of systems affected, these disorders are manifested in a wide array of symptoms of varying severity, ranging from recurrent vomiting, lethargy, and muscle weakness, to liver and heart failure, developmental delay, and mental retardation. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Currently, the main focus of the lab is to understand how specific lipids and membrane properties influence intracellular trafficking processes and fat storage in eukaryotic cells. (unifr.ch)
The location of glycolysis is an enigmatic riddle that can only be solved by examining the unique features of the cytoplasm and organelles found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. (passemall.com)
In the case of prokaryotic cells, glycolysis is shrouded in mystery as it takes place in the vast and complex cytoplasm, which lacks the membrane-bound organelles present in eukaryotic cells. (passemall.com)
On the other hand, in eukaryotic cells, the convoluted process of glycolysis unfolds in both the cytoplasm and the mitochondria, adding an additional layer of intricacy to the enigma. (passemall.com)
The mitochondrial matrix, the innermost compartment of the mitochondrion, is a specialized, membrane-bound organelle that is responsible for producing energy in eukaryotic cells. (passemall.com)

During his postdoc, he carried out research to determine the role of Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) during osteoblast (OB) differentiation of dental pulp-derived stem cells (DPSC). (nih.gov)
Simultaneous measurements of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in live cells revealed that OB differentiation decreased the oxygen consumption rate, which indicates reduced ATP production and mitochondrial respiration. (nih.gov)
Neuronal differentiation and cell-cycle programs mediate response to BET-bromodomain inhibition in MYC-driven medulloblastoma. (cancerindex.org)
Protocols for hepatocyte differentiation from iPS cells have been studied. (spandidos-publications.com)

A system and method for detecting a pathogen in a sample is provided, the system capable of measuring the volume of a sample in a container through the use of various measurement technologies, thereby ensuring that a user is aware of volumes not meeting specification and/or allowing correction of results to account for the out-of-specification sample. (justia.com)
The present invention relates to a system and method for pathogen detection via culture of a biological fluid. (justia.com)
Other factors have since been linked with the decision by plant cells to activate cell death, including cell survival signals, stress signals, developmental cues, pathogen recognition and metabolic state. (essaywriter.org)

The results of this study will allow the scientific community to better place and understand the role of gas hydrates within the global carbon cycle. (doe.gov)
If the sample contains an organism which emits carbon dioxide as a function of growth and/or metabolic activity, the reflected or fluorescent intensity of the indicator medium will change in response to the presence of the carbon dioxide. (justia.com)
In what way could your research project INTERSPEC help tackle the Grand Challenge identified by BECC regarding "The carbon cycle response to anthropogenic and biophysical drivers? (lu.se)
Large scale ecosystem processes, and especially many of those governing the carbon cycle, are driven by microorganisms. (lu.se)
My main research is specifically focused on developing new approaches for analysing soil fungi and their interspecific interactions at single-cell scale to better understand how fundamental processes governed by the fungi affect terrestrial carbon cycling at larger scale. (lu.se)
The interactions between these microbes can have major environmental impacts to global geochemical carbon, nitrogen and sulfur cycles. (lu.se)

Rational design of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells based on the recognition of antigenic epitopes capable of evoking the most potent CAR activation is an important objective in optimizing immune therapy. (nature.com)
The cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) is a coinhibitory activation-induced surface receptor on T cells that functions as a major negative regulator of anti-self-immune responses. (snmjournals.org)
Once a T cell is activated through its T-cell receptor, downstream T-cell receptor signaling through Src kinases results in tyrosine phosphorylation of CTLA4 and the uncoupling of CTLA4 from AP50, allowing its surface expression, which peaks at 48 h after activation. (snmjournals.org)
In this study, we revealed that human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived NSCs (iNSCs) have ATP-sensing ability primarily via the purinergic and ionotropic receptor P2X7. (bvsalud.org)
This may be subsequently original for cells to using and modelling crystallization topics at longitudinal applications when present compounds are thus with method and Joint predictions( pointwise as DNA in material receptor and final source) updating Models of nucleotide use at a Nonparametric likelihood. (scoutconnection.com)
Identify therapeutic agents with the highest selectivity and lowest potential for off-target and unwanted effects with INDIGO's cell-based receptor assays. (indigobiosciences.com)

However, existing methods are lengthy, mostly due to the step of scraping cells from cell culture vessels, which restricts metabolomics in broader application such as lower cell numbers and high-throughput studies. (frontiersin.org)
Real-Time Volatile Metabolomics Analysis of Dendritic Cells. (chromatographyonline.com)

Finally, the results of ROC curves, immunohistochemical staining, immune cell infiltration and kinase / miRNA / transcription factor regulation showed that KCNK2, KCNK4, KCNK5 and KCNK15 levels could be used as biomarkers for PTC diagnosis. (jcancer.org)
Rnd3 is a small Rho-GTPase involved in the regulation of cell-cycle distribution, cell migration, and cell morphogenesis. (thno.org)
Enzymes act as catalysts - they allow a reaction to proceed more rapidly - and they also allow the regulation of the rate of a metabolic reaction, for example in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells. (wikipedia.org)
Additionally, this discussion expands its mandate by analyzing the function and regulation of anti-cell death in plant development. (essaywriter.org)

Hydrogen peroxide was used to induce an oxidative stress model of hepatocyte IAR-20 cells to evaluate the protective effects of BMMSCs in vitro. (medscimonit.com)

Blood cell DNA methylation biomarkers in preclinical malignant pleural mesothelioma: The EPIC prospective cohort. (who.int)

In addition, cardiac markers of aging-induced damage, including radical oxidative species levels, mitochondrial metabolic activity, mitochondrial calcium buffer capacity, and estrogenic signaling functions, were also modulated by the compound. (hindawi.com)

risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (who.int)
PMID:18786442 mutations and the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (who.int)
Arbyn M, Bergeron C, Klinkhamer P, Martin-Hirsch squamous cell carcinoma in a high-risk region in Iran. (who.int)

Human liver organoids are formed from the assembly of hepatocyte-like cells differentiated from iPS cells, human umbilical vascular endothelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Given that OKSM (Yamanaka) factors convert somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, alterations in transcriptional state could affect destiny of the cells. (intechopen.com)
Morphological alterations such as cell retraction and the presence of numerous cells in suspension were observed, particularly at high WF concentrations. (biomedcentral.com)

The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. (wikipedia.org)

Pyruvate enters the tricarboxylic acid cycle to generate energy. (spandidos-publications.com)
Under low-oxygen conditions, pyruvate does not enter the tricarboxylic acid cycle, but is instead metabolized to lactate. (spandidos-publications.com)

The body maintains homeostasis through a negative feedback control system that constantly cycles between antagonistic forces. (ironmanmagazine.com)
[ 2 ] Ketone bodies are fundamental for the metabolic homeostasis during periods of prolonged starvation. (medscape.com)

Using various cell lines, including normal and WRN mutant fibroblast lines, Dr. Maity's previous research showed that WRN mutant cells respond weakly to different stress-induced autophagy in addition to basal levels. (nih.gov)

These results suggested that naringenin has antiaging effects on myocardial cells. (hindawi.com)
The results demonstrated that Nar exerts effective antiaging properties in myocardial cells. (hindawi.com)
These changes in repolarization do not occur in all myocardial cells. (medscape.com)

The hydrophobic tails, however, also serve as a reservoir of metabolic energy, undergoing beta-oxidation in the Krebs cycle. (unifr.ch)

The decision to either divide or sporulate is controlled by a large and complex genetic regulatory network integrating various environmental, cell-cycle, and metabolic signals. (hal.science)

We know that metabolic syntrophy is common among anaerobic prokaryotes, but less is known about the role of syntrophy in the survival of microbial eukaryotes in these environments. (lu.se)

To improve the quality of liver grafts from extended-criteria donors donated after circulatory death (DCD), this study explored whether bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) combined with normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) have protective effects on DCD donor livers and the effects of ferroptosis in this procedure. (medscimonit.com)

Cancer cells continue to produce lactate via glycolysis when oxygen is abundant (the Warburg effect) ( 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Intriguingly, the structural variances of the organelles involved in glycolysis hold the key to unraveling the secrets of this arcane metabolic process. (passemall.com)

Their main structural uses are as part of biological membranes both internal and external, such as the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
During the initial upstroke of action potential in a normal cardiac cell, a rapid net influx of positive ions (Na + and Ca ++ ) occurs, which results in the depolarization of the cell membrane. (medscape.com)

Remarkably, the glycolytic process is considered to be anaerobic, in which it can effectively operate in the absence of molecular oxygen, which is a remarkable feat that highlights the metabolic plasticity of cells. (passemall.com)

Neuronal stem cells (NSCs) remain in adult neuronal tissues and can contribute to physiological processes via activation by evoked pathophysiological situations. (bvsalud.org)
Rnd3 expression was reduced in cardiac tissues of diabetic mice, with CFs being the primary cell type. (thno.org)
By the mid 1960s, defects that led to the accumulation of metabolic products in the urine, blood, or neural tissues were identified. (medscape.com)

We demonstrate that SiMeEx achieves the same metabolite recovery as using a standard method containing a scraping step, in various immortalized and primary cells. (frontiersin.org)
The mutation of a single gene results in an alternation in the ability of the cell to carry out a single primary chemical reaction. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Using relevant sources of literature, the paper delivers a systematic analysis of fascinating analogies between cell death and plant development with respect to the primary functions of cell death as stipulated in the introductory outline of the discussion. (essaywriter.org)

Additionally, after laser exposure, YAP siRNA inhibited the increased expression of PCNA, which was colocalized with endothelial cells. (molvis.org)

We sought to identify PKA phosphorylation sites in PLIN5 and assess their functional relevance in cultured cells and the livers of mice. (uci.edu)
Expression of phosphorylation-defective PLIN5 S155A in Plin5 null cells resulted in decreased rates of lipolysis and triglyceride-derived fatty acid oxidation. (uci.edu)

Human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can differentiate into somatic cells ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Research recently published in the journal Analytical Chemistry considers the metabolomic signatures of dendritic cells (DC), analysis of which is desired by scientists because of the relationship of DC to the immune system and their potential in development of immunomodulatory strategies (1). (chromatographyonline.com)

After 7 days of culture, the cells were subjected to reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR analysis. (spandidos-publications.com)
Another method involves the introduction of transcription factors ( 6-8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

In order to compensate for the missing food and protect itself from a metabolic breakdown, the body will boost its anabolic activities. (ironmanmagazine.com)

A qualitative simulation method is used to model the sporulation network and simulate the response of the cell to nutrient deprivation. (hal.science)
Late onset of a metabolic disease is often triggered by acute metabolic stresses, such as infection, fasting, or consumption of a nutrient for which a metabolic intolerance exists. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

In plants, cell death is a fundamental process, as it plays the roles of controlling the elimination of cells during plant development and defense in the form of hypersensitive response. (essaywriter.org)

The most potent nanobody-based CAR-T cells show inhibition of large tumor xenografts in mice with rigorous T-cell signaling and significant T-cell infiltration into the tumor. (nature.com)

ABSTRACT This study aimed to estimate the frequency of the SNPs (+45T>G and +276G>T) genotypes and investigate the association between the two SNPs and adiponectin concentration, metabolic parameters and risk of T2DM in the Bahraini population. (who.int)

Here, we generate dromedary camel nanobodies targeting B7-H3 and demonstrate that CAR-T cells, based on the nanobodies recognizing the IgC but not IgV domain, had potent antitumour activity against large tumors in female mice. (nature.com)
Wong, 1988: Reported evidence of mutagenic activity with cobalt chloride, using the plate incorporation method. (europa.eu)
Tumoral cells overexpress surface GLUTs and have a higher glycolitic activity than normal cells corresponding to an increased FDG uptake. (hindawi.com)
Evaluation of metabolic activity by using FDG-PET or PET/CT in suspected neoplastic lesions can be performed either qualitatively or semiquantitatively. (hindawi.com)

In addition to his research programs in angiogenesis and breast cancer biology he also directs the Advanced Cancer Biology course in the Molecular Medicine program and participates in clinical conferences for medical students in Cell and Molecular Biology. (umaryland.edu)
In June 2018, Dr. Maity became a research associate in the Vascular Biology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory in the department of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo. (nih.gov)
Synopsis： Participants will learn how to set up computer models of biological systems (e.g. metabolic or signalling networks) using experimental kinetic data and how to simulate them in different systems biology platforms. (aeplan.co.jp)
Biology and Ecology: the fungal cell. (gomp.it)

To the best of our knowledge, the effect of Nar in cardiac cell senescence has not yet been studied. (hindawi.com)
Flow cytometry was employed to separate different types of cardiac cells. (thno.org)

Pralatrexate injection is in a class of medications called folate analogue metabolic inhibitors. (medlineplus.gov)

Due to the continuous improvement of modern diagnostic methods and other factors, thyroid cancer (TC) has become one of the common malignant tumors [ 1 ]. (jcancer.org)

Two cell lineages are observed on the embryonic-abembryonic axis of the blastocyst: the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm. (bioone.org)
In mouse embryos, cells seem prepatterned to become certain cell lineage because the first cleavage plane has been related with further embryonic-abembryonic axis at the blastocyst stage. (bioone.org)
Blastocysts were then classified according to the allocation of the labeled cells in the embryonic and/or abembryonic part of the blastocyst. (bioone.org)
Human embryonic stem cells also exhibit the Warburg effect ( 15 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Jeffrey Twum-Ampofo, Dexue Fu, Antonino Passaniti , Arif Hussain, and M. Minhaj Siddiqui (2016) Metabolic Targets for Potential Prostate Cancer Therapeutics. (umaryland.edu)

However, the exact mechanisms leading to tubular cell damage and cyst formation remain poorly understood. (asn-online.org)

His research focused on dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) and autophagy. (nih.gov)
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) can cause morbidity and mortality following stem cell transplantation. (mdpi.com)

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with several degenerative diseases, including retinal degeneration. (molvis.org)

However, the successful application of these emerging cell-based therapies in solid tumors remains limited. (nature.com)

To resolve these discrepancies, we used a highly sensitive and precise method of measuring low concentrations of TSE infectivity, which we have successfully used for quantitation of TSE infectivity in blood ( 1 , 2 ), to measure the concentration of TSE infectivity in urine of scrapie-infected hamsters. (cdc.gov)

This cycle involves gluconeogenesis and is performed solely by hepatocytes. (spandidos-publications.com)
In cases of fasting or starvation, ketone bodies become a major fuel for brain cells, sparing amino acids from being catabolized to gluconeogenesis precursors to be used to supply the brain with energy. (medscape.com)

Omitting cell scraping does not compromise the performance of non-targeted and targeted GC-MS analysis, but enables metabolome analysis of cell culture on smaller well sizes down to 96-well plates. (frontiersin.org)

Beyond this protective role, Mrr can inflict chromosomal DNA damage that elicits the SOS response in the host cell upon heterologous expression of specific methyltransferases such as M.HhaII, or after exposure to high pressure (HP). (uci.edu)

These CAR-T cells are characterized by highly activated T cell signaling and significant tumor infiltration. (nature.com)

These trends were associated with an increase in urea cycle metabolites and the rate-limiting enzyme, argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1), expression levels. (asn-online.org)

entitled "System And Method For Optically Monitoring The Concentration Of A Gas In A Sample Vial Using Photothermal Spectroscopy To Detect Sample Growth", issued on Mar. 23, 2004, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. (justia.com)
The galactose‑1‑phosphate concentration was significantly higher in cells cultured in HDI than in those cultured with ReproFF. (spandidos-publications.com)

However, all these efforts share a common cell-scraping step, which limits further optimization of the extraction efficiency. (frontiersin.org)

To achieve this, cells of in vitro produced bovine embryos were traced from the 2-cell stage to the blastocyst stage. (bioone.org)

Approximately 2-fold increases in TA100 revertants were seen in 3 separate experiments in the absence of metabolic activation (rat or hamster liver S9), with a peak response at 333 µg/plate in each experiment. (europa.eu)

Anatomy7

Organisms4

Chemicals and Drugs48

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

Phenomena and Processes44

Information Science3

Pathways11

Pathway20

Reactions14

Proteins12

Genes5

Protein11

Mass spectrometry3

Plays a pivotal role2

Metabolism7

High metabolic activity1

Biochemical4

Glucose8

Organisms6

Mammalian7

Proliferation10

Differences3

Molecules7

Cellular9

Disorders4

Eukaryotic cells5

Differentiation4

Pathogen3

Carbon6

Receptor6

Metabolomics2

Regulation4

Oxidative stress1

Biomarkers1

Mitochondrial1

Squamous cell carc3

Vascular endothelial cells1

Alterations2

Organism1

Tricarboxylic acid2

Homeostasis2

Basal1

Myocardial cells3

Krebs1

Signals1

Microbial1

Mesenchymal Stem1

Glycolysis2

Membrane2

Glycolytic1

Tissues3

Primary3

Endothelial1

Phosphorylation2

Somatic cells1

Dendritic Cells1

Transcription2

Breakdown1

Nutrient2

Fundamental1

Inhibition1

Abstract1

Activity4

Biology4

Cardiac2

Analogue1

Thyroid cancer1

Embryonic4

Targets1

Understood1

Stem2

Syndrome1

Therapies1

Concentrations1

Gluconeogenesis2

Metabolome analysis1

Heterologous expression1

Infiltration1

Metabolites1

Concentration2

Optimization1

Vitro1

Separate1