Metabolic cell growth processes. Medical search. Frequent questions

Transcriptional regulation of the genes in metabolic pathways is a highly successful strategy, which is virtually universal in microorganisms. (lu.se)
When a second nutrient and its metabolic pathway are introduced, the system must further decide whether and how to activate both pathways. (lu.se)
Citation: Troein C, Ahre´n D, Krogh M, Peterson C (2007) Is Transcriptional Regulation of Metabolic Pathways an Optimal Strategy for Fitness? (lu.se)
A number of studies have explored how regulation of generally, and at least to a first approximation, it is obvious that metabolic pathways affects the growth rate of microorganisms, gene regulation only is useful if the environmental conditions vary both in the steady state and in response to changes in the local with time. (lu.se)
mTOR promotes cell growth and controls central metabolic pathways including protein biosynthesis, autophagy and glucose and lipid homoeostasis. (nih.gov)
Further, I propose to develop novel methodologies that will directly dissect how these metabolic pathways are regulated during different phases of cell growth and division-findings that could lead to potential metabolic targets for anti-cancer therapy. (pewtrusts.org)
However, in recent years, there has been increasing evidence that metformin exerts its anticancer effects through the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) of tumor cell mitochondria, and metabolic pathways based on metformin targeting have only recently become the focus of intensive research. (spandidos-publications.com)
Dysregulation of these signaling pathways can lead to metabolic disorders and contribute to the development of various pathologies. (alliedacademies.org)
AMPK activation stimulates catabolic pathways that generate ATP while inhibiting anabolic processes that consume ATP. (alliedacademies.org)
Growing tumors exist in metabolically compromised environments that require activation of multiple pathways to scavenge nutrients to support accelerated rates of growth. (jci.org)
Lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides necessary for the biosynthesis of the daughter cells are mostly provided by intermediate metabolites of these pathways. (hindawi.com)
To prevent aberrant cell proliferation, these pathways are tightly regulated. (hindawi.com)
Multidrug tolerance results from drug-induced quiescence, which enables parasites to survive exposure to unrelated antimalarial drugs that inhibit a variety of metabolic pathways. (cdc.gov)
Also, NADPH and NADH are central components in the cytosolic metabolic pathways, which connect the two largest biochemical processes on earth, photosynthesis and respiration in plants. (lu.se)
These pathways give plants a great metabolic flexibility, which we have studied regarding especially energetic efficience and how it way compensate for differences in nutrient access. (lu.se)

This makes BMR a variant of standard metabolic rate measurement that excludes the temperature data, a practice that has led to problems in defining "standard" rates of metabolism for many mammals. (wikipedia.org)
Metabolism comprises the processes that the body needs to function. (wikipedia.org)
The VMM states that the summit metabolism (or the maximum metabolic rate in response to the cold) increases during the winter, and that the sustained metabolism (or the metabolic rate that can be indefinitely sustained) remains a constant fraction of the former. (wikipedia.org)
The gene Igf2bp2 is important in youth for the full function of these cells, as it activates their growth and metabolism. (idw-online.de)
Researchers at the Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI) in Jena have been able to demonstrate that in mice, the growth factor Igf2bp2 controls hematopoietic stem cell function in young adulthood by activating stem cell metabolism and growth. (idw-online.de)
The activity of the metabolism and of growth signals contributes decisively to the development of stem cell function. (idw-online.de)
The experimental findings of the current study suggest that the activation of growth and metabolism in juvenile mice preprograms the subsequent loss of function of hematopoietic stem cells and inscribes this into the cell's memory. (idw-online.de)
Using this expertise, the scientists were able to identify a new subset of hematopoietic stem cells that exhibit particularly strong activity of Igf2bp2-dependent metabolism and growth in adolescent mice. (idw-online.de)
This molecule has already been associated with numerous physiological and pathological processes such as ageing, neurological diseases and the metabolism of cancer cells. (prohealth.com)
NAD is associated with many physiological and pathological processes such as ageing, neurological diseases and the metabolism of cancer cells. (prohealth.com)
With a minimalist model of metabolism, cell growth and transcriptional regulation in a microorganism, we explore how the interaction between environmental conditions and gene regulation set the growth rate of cells in the phase of exponential growth. (lu.se)
A very natural place to study gene detecting and metabolizing lactose, it is known that the overall regulation is in the metabolism of the cell, and then specifically in effect of expressing the lac genes in vain is a drop in the growth rate the regulation of genes that code for enzymes and transporter of as much as 5% [1,6]. (lu.se)
Now, researchers reporting in ACS Central Science have developed the first therapy of its kind that disrupts prostate cancer cells' metabolism and releases cisplatin into the weakened cells, causing them to die. (acs.org)
Therapeutic approaches that target the metabolism of tumor cells have been a popular research topic in recent years. (spandidos-publications.com)
However, the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway in tumor cells has also been implicated in lung cancer metabolism. (spandidos-publications.com)
Given the vast differences in metabolism between healthy and tumor cells, there is hope that selective targeting of tumor metabolism may be achieved while limiting toxicity to healthy tissue. (spandidos-publications.com)
The most striking and characteristic metabolic alteration in cancer cells is anomalous glucose metabolism and cancer cells tend to utilize glycolysis to obtain energy even under aerobic conditions via a process called 'aerobic glycolysis' ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Cellular energy metabolism is a highly regulated process that involves the conversion of nutrients into usable energy in the form of ATP. (alliedacademies.org)
They modulate energy metabolism through the deacetylation of various substrates, including transcription factors, metabolic enzymes, and histones. (alliedacademies.org)
Granzyme B Disrupts Central Metabolism and Protein Synthesis in Bacteria to Promote an Immune Cell Death ProGram. (jonbarron.org)
In contrast to normal cells, most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactate fermentation, even in the presence of oxygen, a less efficient metabolism compared to a low rate of glycolysis followed by mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
In contrast, cancer cells shift their metabolism toward lactate production even in the presence of oxygen [ 4 ], partly through genetic modifications that stabilize the transcription factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) involved in the adaptation of the cells to hypoxia, under nonhypoxic conditions as well as generating an adaptive response to the hypoxic microenvironment (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
Needed by more than 70 enzymes that aid digestion and metabolism, and essential for growth. (babycenter.com)
Insulin , secreted by the islet cells of the pancreas, affects the processing (metabolism) of glucose, protein, and fat throughout the body. (msdmanuals.com)
There is also growing evidence that maternal metabolism and intrauterine conditions may be responsible for the child´s development and growth programming 1,2 . (bvsalud.org)
This disease is a defect in fucose metabolism (lack of fucosylation of the carbohydrate selectin ligands) that results in failure to express the ligand for E and P selectin, sialyl Lewis-X (CD15s) expressed on leukocytes and endothelial cells. (medscape.com)
Gradually, I changed methodologies, biochemical, molecular biological and physiological, and I have had the pleasure of being part of how plant respiration over time has proven to be involved in many fundamental life processes, developing a more integrated view of plant metabolism. (lu.se)
The nuances of method-specific extramitochondrial metabolism must be scrutinized to properly qualify specific endpoints employed, particularly under the circumstances of metabolic reprogramming. (cdc.gov)

This article describes the endocrine and metabolic disorders reported in patients with SCD, discusses their management, and identifies gaps in current knowledge and opportunities for future research. (medscape.com)
For example, during the influx of Southeast Asian refugees in the late 1970s and early 1980s, significant growth and nutritional disorders were reported within these cohorts. (cdc.gov)
The bronchial epithelium appears more responsive to changes in oxygen levels and remodelling processes compared to the alveoli, suggesting that hypoxia may be a driver of pathogenesis in chronic lung disorders. (lu.se)
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency II may be classified as one of the congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), a rapidly expanding group of metabolic syndromes with a wide symptomatology and severity. (medscape.com)
1) Antibody deficiency disorders are defects in immunoglobulin-producing B cells . (lu.se)
In certain metabolic disorders ( ADA and PNP deficiency) enzyme substitution therapy can be applied. (lu.se)

A mutation in this gene resulting in reduced cell proliferation, and impaired cell motility and polarity, and has been identified in patients with primary microcephaly. (cancerindex.org)
When lung carcinoma occurs, the proliferation of tumor cells is abnormally active, and the tumor cells continue to proliferate, and in this process, more energy and cell membrane synthesis are required. (hindawi.com)
Previous studies have demonstrated that glycolysis inhibitors reduce the proliferation of non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells by interfering with the aerobic glycolytic pathway. (spandidos-publications.com)
Human amniotic membrane contains growth factors and cytokines, which promote epithelial cell migration and proliferation, stimulate metabolic processes leading to collagen synthesis, and attract fibroblasts, while also reducing pain and inflammation. (iasp-pain.org)
Cell proliferation involves the replication of all cellular contents with the required energy for this to happen. (hindawi.com)
This activation is necessary for both cell proliferation as well as glucose uptake and use. (hindawi.com)
However, potentially erroneous characterization of cytotoxicity and cell proliferation can arise if verification of baseline interaction of test article with method employed is neglected. (cdc.gov)
Non-tumorigenic Beas-2B cells were treated with graded concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) for 24 and 48h prior to cytotoxicity and proliferation assessment with commonly used MTT, MTS, WST1, and Alamar Blue assays. (cdc.gov)

Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest. (wikipedia.org)
Basal metabolic rate is the amount of energy per unit of time that a person needs to keep the body functioning at rest. (wikipedia.org)
Basal metabolic rate affects the rate that a person burns calories and ultimately whether that individual maintains, gains, or loses weight. (wikipedia.org)
The basal metabolic rate accounts for about 60 to 75% of the daily calorie expenditure by individuals. (wikipedia.org)
Everyone has a basal metabolic rate, which is the rate at which your body burns calories to sustain the daily processes of living such as circulation, growth, cell repair and respiration. (livestrong.com)

This may suggest a causal relationship between the lifespan of an organism and its metabolic phenotype. (nih.gov)
In the 1920s, Otto Heinrich Warburg discovered that cancer cells, unlike normal cells, use the glycolytic pathway to obtain energy for growth even in the presence of oxygen, which is a phenomenon known as 'aerobic glycolysis' or the Warburg effect ( 9 ), and aerobic glycolysis is a common metabolic phenotype in NSCLC ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Temperate phages are capable of protecting their host from phage reinfection and may change the bacterial phenotype through the expression of viral genes, a process known as lysogenic conversion ( 1 ). (asm.org)
Deficiencies are highly variable with regard to symptoms, phenotype, genotype, severity, etc, because many cells and molecules are required for both natural and adaptive immunity . (lu.se)

Thus, we established the landscape of components and parameters for physiological processes potentially linked to cell elongation, a central process in plant development. (elifesciences.org)
Nutrients are the building blocks for plant growth, and they play a crucial role in various physiological processes. (friendlyaquaponics.com)
Therapeutic peptides are designed to mimic the function of natural peptides that are involved in regulating various physiological processes in the human body. (outlookindia.com)
These hormones function by binding to specific receptor sites on target cells, thereby initiating a cascade of cellular events leading to various physiological effects. (outlookindia.com)

Image shows a sirtuin enzyme catalyzing the removal of a protein modification (lysine succinylation) from metabolic enzymes. (nih.gov)
To compare the differences of vitreous protein profiles in PDR patients before and after a complete anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) loading dose with ranibizumab treatment. (frontiersin.org)
This kinase is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression and G1/S transition. (cancerindex.org)
So, Shanta Dhar and colleagues from Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami wanted to develop a therapy that would inhibit fatty acid oxidation in cancer cells by targeting a mitochondrial protein that is vital to the metabolic process, making the cells susceptible to cisplatin. (acs.org)
The cisplatin prodrug Platin-L, which has a cisplatin molecule bound to a 12-carbon fatty acid on one side and succinate on the other side, had the greatest effect by binding to a key protein required for long chain fatty acid transport, a primary step in this metabolic process. (acs.org)
By stimulating the uptake of extracellular protein and targeting it for lysosomal degradation, the macropinocytosis pathway provides cancer cells with a source of protein-derived amino acids, allowing tumors to circumvent amino acid depletion and survive nutrient stress. (hhs.gov)
This protein can also down-regulate p53 function and thus modulate cell growth and apoptosis. (cancerindex.org)
When activated, AMPK phosphorylates and inhibits enzymes involved in ATP-consuming processes, such as fatty acid synthesis (e.g., acetyl-CoA carboxylase, ACC) and protein synthesis (e.g., mammalian target of rapamycin, mTOR). (alliedacademies.org)
Currently, 18 subtypes have been reported: 12 are type I (dysfunctional lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor synthesis), and 6 are type II (dysfunctional trimming/processing of the protein-bound oligosaccharide), including leukocyte adhesion deficiency II (CDG-IIc). (medscape.com)

It has been reported that lung cancer cells exhibit upregulated expression of all key glycolytic enzymes [hexokinase 2 (HK2), phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase (PK)] ( 13 ), suggesting that the essential enzymes of the aerobic glycolytic pathway have a critical role in the development of lung carcinoma. (spandidos-publications.com)
Conversely, it activates enzymes involved in ATP-generating processes, such as fatty acid oxidation (e.g., carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, CPT1) and glucose uptake (e.g., translocation of GLUT4). (alliedacademies.org)

Helps maintain adequate blood calcium levels which help support cellular metabolic processes, cardiovascular and neuromuscular/neurological functions. (dragonherbs.com)
Nicotine can damage the genome, disrupt the cellular metabolic process and facilitate the growth and spreading of transformed cells. (azosensors.com)

A common theme that links these disease processes is the development of inflammation. (umassmed.edu)
Our results identify DHA and MaR1 as regulators of reparative processes after lung inflammation and wounding, including effects on two pivotal cellular players-bronchial epithelial cells and MSCs. (cdc.gov)
it reduces metabolic features that affect the brain including oxidative stress, inflammation, and blood sugar levels. (runnerstribe.com)
Retinal I/R injury is associated with pathological increases in reactive oxygen species and inflammation, resulting in retinal neuronal cell death. (mdpi.com)
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a heterogeneous population of immature cells that expand during benign and cancer-associated inflammation. (purdue.edu)
supports the concept that metabolic reprogramming, inflammation, and genome instability (including epige- netic changes) underlie many of the other hal marks and foster multiple hallmark functions. (who.int)

For their growth, cells need various nutrients and vitamins. (prohealth.com)
Solute carriers (SLC) are proteins that act as transporters and enable the entry and exit of nutrients and waste products into and from the cell and its organelles. (prohealth.com)
Many of these transporter proteins are still relatively poorly studied and the question of how some nutrients enter and leave cells often remains unanswered. (prohealth.com)
The other interacting SLCs transport various nutrients, but all of them could be associated with NAD via known metabolic processes. (prohealth.com)
By accurately quantitatively measuring certain nutrients in the cells, we found that the presence of SLC25A51 correlated with the amount of NAD and that cells lacking SLC25A51 had extremely low levels of this molecule in their mitochondria," explains senior author Giulio Superti-Furga. (prohealth.com)
My lab is interested in understanding the way cancer cells utilize nutrients compared with normally dividing cells, and how to exploit these distinct differences as potential targets for therapy. (pewtrusts.org)
To build on this observation, I will harness a mouse model of liver regeneration to pinpoint differences in the ways normal proliferating cells and cancer forming cells process and utilize nutrients for survival. (pewtrusts.org)
Micro nutrients, although required in smaller quantities, are equally important for plant growth. (friendlyaquaponics.com)
Essential fatty acids (EFAs): Help build cells, regulate the nervous system, strengthen the cardiovascular system, build immunity, and help the body absorb nutrients. (babycenter.com)
Cancer cells sustain their metabolic needs through nutrients and oxygen supplied by the bloodstream. (lu.se)
When faced with lack of nutrients and hypoxia, the first fetal adaptation is a decrease in cell division rate. (bvsalud.org)

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by a constellation of interacting risk factors including impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, and visceral adiposity. (nature.com)
The CDKN2A/B locus contains genes encoding cell cycle inhibitors, including p16 Ink4a , which have not yet been implicated in the control of hepatic glucose homeostasis. (diabetesjournals.org)
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic disorder involving a combination of insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and increased hepatic glucose production ( 1 , 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Additionally, insulin signaling inhibits gluconeogenesis, the process of glucose production from non-carbohydrate sources, in the liver. (alliedacademies.org)
In normal cells, glucose participates in cellular energy production through glycolysis as well as through its complete catabolism via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (hindawi.com)
Glucose and glutamine are the 2 major substrates used by cancer cells. (hindawi.com)

We have found that metabolic stress represents a major form of JNK regulation in vivo . (umassmed.edu)
Here, the function of regulation is quite clear: expressing energy and carbon, that a number around 0.2% would be the right genes at the right time will enable the cell to make the expected, and that the difference is more or less specific to the lac most of the resources within its reach, by maximizing the uptake operon [7]. (lu.se)
In unicellular organisms like E. coli and yeast, the benefits of between potential cost and benefit, regulation can make the most a well-adapted regulatory system are readily quantified, as the difference to the long-term growth rate if the resource in question fitness of an individual can be estimated by its growth rate in is only available a similarly small fraction of the time. (lu.se)
Substantial portion of molecules in an organism is involved in regulation of a wide spectrum of biological processes. (researchsquare.com)
Although the processes are very different, the principles of the regulation are the same in all these systems. (researchsquare.com)
We showed that p38-MAPK pathway is involved in the regulation of MDSC-mediated immunoregulatory processes such that inhibition of p38 diminished MDSC expansion at the inflamed prostate, leading to greater numbers of T cells. (purdue.edu)
Histones play a critical role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, and developmental events. (cancerindex.org)
One of the well-studied sirtuins is Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), which is involved in the regulation of multiple metabolic processes. (alliedacademies.org)
Also functions as a hormone with roles in immune system health, insulin production, and regulation of cell growth. (babycenter.com)

Bioactive lipid mediators regulate lung epithelial and mesenchymal cell reparative processes in vitro. (cdc.gov)
The tie-in between the level and the prognosis is to determine whether the blood lipid level during the initial treatment of small cell lung carcinoma affects the prognosis and to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of SCLC patients. (hindawi.com)
Thus, citric acid cycle intermedi- ates are not used for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and are shuttled out of the mitochondria, providing precursors for nucleotide, amino acid, and lipid synthesis path- ways for the dividing cell [13]. (who.int)

However, as the organism ages, increased metabolic activity can also lead to functional exhaustion of hematopoietic stem cells. (idw-online.de)

affects cells throughout the body and is involved in such important functions as regulating growth of cells, controlling the heart rate, and affecting the speed at which calories are burned. (msdmanuals.com)
This is a clinical problem that affects around 7-15% of gestations3 and is associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality, as well as birth weight, which is understood to be an indicator of pregnancy conditions, and more specifically, intrauterine growth 4-8 . (bvsalud.org)
2. The aim of this work was to investigate how hypoxia affects human lung epithelial cells in combination with profibrotic stimuli and its correlation to pathogenesis. (lu.se)

The implications of this finding overshadowed the importance of mitochondria for tumor growth for a long time. (spandidos-publications.com)

Cortisol targets visceral fat, he says-the kind that's implicated in cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. (mentalfloss.com)
Growing evidence has suggested a possible relationship between dietary calcium intake and metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk. (nature.com)

Previously, researchers have shown in mouse models that as the disease advances, tumor cells shift from glycolysis toward fatty acid oxidation to support their growth and division. (acs.org)
When oxygen is limited, as in muscles that have undergone prolonged exercise, pyruvate is not consumed in the TCA cycle but is rather converted into lactic acid by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in a process termed anaerobic glycolysis. (hindawi.com)
Overall, these processes allow the regeneration of NAD + required for ATP production through glycolysis. (hindawi.com)
In the case of cancer-associated metabolic reprogramming, cancer cel s preferentially metabolize glu- cose through glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation, even in the presence of oxygen [11-13]. (who.int)

4 Newly isolated microorganisms have extended the upper temperature for growth to 121°C and extended the pH limit to below 0. (nationalacademies.org)
Scientists at the University of Tübingen in Germany have discovered a sugar molecule that inhibits plants and microorganisms and is harmless to human cells. (rural21.com)
The newly discovered sugar molecule originating from cyanobacteria inhibits the growth of various microorganisms and plants, but is harmless to humans and animals. (rural21.com)
Unlike common carbohydrates, which as a rule provide energy for growth, this substance inhibits the growth of various plants and microorganisms such as bacteria and yeasts. (rural21.com)
Organic supplements are considered more sustainable and environmentally friendly, as they promote soil health and the growth of beneficial microorganisms. (friendlyaquaponics.com)
T cell immunodeficiencies and severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCIDs) are marked with opportunistic infections caused by common environmental microorganisms. (lu.se)

Several studies have shown that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a crucial causative factor of PDR ( 6 , 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
The requirement for tumor angiogenesis has been therapeutically exploited in the clinical setting mainly by means of inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor family of ligands and receptors. (lu.se)

Image shows a schematic of genes being modified from bacteria, and then inserted into human immune cells. (nih.gov)
These genes give the immune cells the ability to "eat" cholesterol, suggesting a potential new treatment for cardiovascular disease. (nih.gov)
University of Michigan researchers, for example, in collaboration with colleagues at Harvard University, have discovered a key difference between the way immune cells attack bacteria and the way antibiotics do. (jonbarron.org)
Even for killer T cells-specialized immune cells-seeking and destroying cancer cells around the clock can be exhausting. (medicalxpress.com)
Computational analysis unveiled a hitherto unknown role for ACVRL1 in relation to genes modulating the functionality of the immune cell compartment. (lu.se)
Among other activities, we focus on the role of immune responses against modified self-antigens and on developing therapies targeting these immune processes. (lu.se)
2) T cell deficiencies affect the function in killing infected cells or helping other immune cells. (lu.se)
The immune system consists of a large number of molecules and processes, and immunodeficiencies can therefore be caused by genetic alterations at many loci. (lu.se)

Peptide hormones are a group of signaling molecules that are secreted by endocrine glands and regulate various metabolic processes in the body. (outlookindia.com)

They facilitate enzyme activation and are involved in various metabolic processes. (friendlyaquaponics.com)
Killer T cells, formally known as cytotoxic lymphocytes, attack infected cells by producing the enzyme granzyme B. How this enzyme triggers death in bacteria has not been well understood until now. (jonbarron.org)

Neuronal differentiation and cell-cycle programs mediate response to BET-bromodomain inhibition in MYC-driven medulloblastoma. (cancerindex.org)
The result is a disruption of the effected biological process, which leads to growth inhibition or even the death of the cell that has been hit. (rural21.com)
Looking for the cause of this growth inhibition, the researchers succeeded in decoding the structure of the natural substance. (rural21.com)
1975. Tumor growth inhibition by ammonium chloride-induced acidosis. (cdc.gov)

This cell division rate occurs both by direct effect of nitrogen starvation, and by hormonal and growth factors changes 1 . (bvsalud.org)

Intermittent fasting has been proved to decrease the development of lymphoma , limit tumor growth, and slow down the spread of cancer cells. (runnerstribe.com)
MDSC that lack CAT2 have reduced capacity to suppress T cell responses both ex vivo and in vivo, as evidenced by increased T cell expansion in prostatitis and decreased tumor growth in cancer models. (purdue.edu)

We show that maximal growth is achieved when pathway activation is a more or less steeply graded function of the nutrient concentration. (lu.se)
Based on these data, our central hypothesis is that aPKC signaling is integral to nutrient stress-driven macropinocytosis and that the aPKCs support metabolic stress tolerance in PDAC tumors. (hhs.gov)
Ultimately, hormones control the function of entire organs, affecting such diverse processes as growth and development, reproduction, and nutrient metabolisms. (msdmanuals.com)

We expect 7dSh to show good degradability and low ecotoxity," says Brilisauer, adding that 7dSh demonstrates a promising ability to inhibit plant growth. (rural21.com)
MDSC are characterized by their ability to potently inhibit T cell responses. (purdue.edu)

Our previously funded research demonstrated that glutamine depletion in PDAC tumors has the capacity to modulate macropinocytosis - dialing the process up or down as required. (hhs.gov)

There are primarily two types of lung cancer: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and SCLC, and the former accounts for ~85% of all lung cancer cases ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
In this study, we investigated programmed death-ligand 1 (PDL-1) as a potential biomarker for CAF-induced chemoresistance and evaluated its role and the underlying mechanisms of chemoresistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (cdc.gov)
Role of PDL-1 in NSCLC chemoresistance was assessed using CRISPR/Cas9 knockdown and various functional assays including MTT, cell invasion, sphere formation, and cell apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
RESULTS: We demonstrated that chemotherapy-stimulated CAFs promoted tumorigenic and stem cell-like properties of NSCLC cells, which contribute to their chemoresistance. (cdc.gov)
CONCLUSION: Our results show that PDL-1-positive CAFs modulate stem cell-like properties of NSCLC cells by secreting elevated HGF, thereby promoting chemoresistance. (cdc.gov)

Poikilosis is pervasive, but all variations and their extents are not compatible with biological processes and systems. (researchsquare.com)
Notwithstanding its characterization as an endothelial cell marker, the full spectrum of biological processes associated with ALK1 is essentially unexplored. (lu.se)

Initial studies on worms have shown that the absence of certain growth genes slows down their development but can also delay their aging. (idw-online.de)
The research group specializes in the study of genes at the single-cell level. (idw-online.de)
Further, we analyse what role that the cellular changes to the plant, and the plant genes doing it, have for the ability of plants to be promoted by growth- and protection-promoting fungi. (lu.se)

Casein kinase-2 mediates cell survival through phosphorylation and degradation of inositol hexakisphosphate kinase-2. (nih.gov)

In this paper, we describe the metabolic changes as well as the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis occurring in cancer cells and cancer stem cells, underlying the connection between these two processes. (hindawi.com)
A reduction in the number of cells, the change in structure and functioning of organs, permanent change in DNA methylation, and in gene expression have also been considered to be molecular mechanisms responsible for fetal programming 1 . (bvsalud.org)

Certain metabolic alterations, also referred to as metabolic reprogramming, are commonly observed in tumor cells and are proposed to be hallmarks of cancer ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Alterations in cell viability and metabolic activity were determined. (lu.se)

Some of these memory T cells migrate into peripheral tissues, including skin, lung, and gastrointestinal tract, and become resident long-lived memory T cells (TRM) that protect against infection. (nih.gov)
Lung wound-healing responses such as the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) can be reparative or pathologic processes. (cdc.gov)
Interestingly, MaR1 also regulated the actions of primary isolated human lung mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (MSCs). (cdc.gov)
Future mechanistic and therapeutic investigations are warranted to ascertain the clinical usefulness of these lipids in regulating lung repair processes relevant to lung transplantation. (cdc.gov)
According to the pathological type, it can be divided into non-small-cell lung carcinoma and small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a vital role in cancer chemoresistance, but detailed understanding of the process particularly in chemoresistant lung cancer is lacking. (cdc.gov)
Silencing PDL-1 expression suppressed CAFs' ability to promote stem cell-like properties and invasiveness of lung cancer cells, favoring chemoresistance. (cdc.gov)
Mechanistically, an upregulation of PDL-1 in chemotherapy-treated CAFs led to an increase in hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) secretion, which stimulates cancer progression, cell invasion, and stemness of lung cancer cells, while inhibiting apoptosis. (cdc.gov)

In the human body, blood lipids mainly play the role of energy supply, and their main role is to participate in the synthesis of cell membranes [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)

The JNK signaling pathway is activated in response to many cytokines and growth factors and when cells are exposed to physical/chemical stress. (umassmed.edu)
Here, we combined computational modeling with quantitative cell physiology to understand the dynamics of the plasma membrane (PM)-localized BR response pathway during the initiation of cellular responses in the epidermis of the Arabidopsis root tip that are be linked to cell elongation. (elifesciences.org)

Pyruvate, which is at the crossroad between lactate production and OXPHOS, constitutes a key metabolic intermediate. (hindawi.com)

It may also convert 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate (InsP5) to PP-InsP4 and affect the growth suppressive and apoptotic activities of interferon-beta in some ovarian cancers. (nih.gov)
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 2 sensitizes ovarian carcinoma cells to multiple cancer therapeutics. (nih.gov)

Virulent or obligate lytic phages infect and quickly kill their bacterial host cell, whereas temperate or lysogenic phages may either stably integrate into their host's genome or enter into the lytic life cycle. (asm.org)

The Igf2bp2-gene drives growth and metabolic activity at a young age but these activities contribute to the age-associated loss of hematopoietic stem cell function in later life. (idw-online.de)

The hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow continuously ensure that the blood system is supplied with new cells throughout life and that in stressful conditions, such as infections, inflammations or bleeding, the production of the required blood cells can then be initiated immediately. (idw-online.de)
Tumor site monocytic-MDSC lacked the ability to differentiate into other cells types such as osteoclasts and granulocytic-MDSC, whereas the bone marrow and spleen counterparts could form both cell types. (purdue.edu)
Induction of p53 signaling elevated the differentiation of the bone marrow MDSC into granulocytic cell types. (purdue.edu)
Leukocytes are produced in stem cells in bone marrow. (lu.se)

According to Gary Taubes, author of 'Good Calories: Bad Calories,' when insulin is present, your body chooses fat storage because insulin is a storage hormone that escorts unused fuel into fat cells. (livestrong.com)
Examples of peptide hormones include insulin, growth hormone, and thyroid-stimulating hormone. (outlookindia.com)

Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 2 promotes cell death of anterior horn cells in the spinal cord of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. (nih.gov)
It relies on the relationship between aquatic animals and plants to create a natural and balanced environment that promotes optimal growth. (friendlyaquaponics.com)
promotes the health and growth of cells and tissues in the body, including the hair, nails, and skin. (babycenter.com)

Though these benefits were only seen in animal trials, it shows great promise, especially with the proven fact that intermittent fasting can change the function of cells and hormones. (runnerstribe.com)

Low levels of pyruvate induced by a positive feedback loop protects cholangiocarcinoma cells from apoptosis. (cancerindex.org)
A successful therapy must therefore eliminate these cells known to be highly resistant to apoptosis. (hindawi.com)

While the weights used here are typically lighter, the increased muscle tension increases both metabolic stress and muscle damage. (romanfitnesssystems.com)
Dietary restriction increases lifespan and delays ageing phenotypes as well and mTOR has been assigned a major role in this process. (nih.gov)
It increases your metabolic rate by 3.6-14%, which allows you to burn more calories. (runnerstribe.com)

When primary isolated human bronchial epithelial cells were treated with 1-100 nM MaR1, transforming growth factor (TGF)-B1-induced EMT processes were altered. (cdc.gov)
Furthermore, when conditioned medium from DHA-treated MSCs was used to culture bronchial epithelial cells, the epithelial cells exhibited modulation of protease activation. (cdc.gov)
Discussion: In conclusion, our data indicate that bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells respond differently to hypoxia and profibrotic stimuli. (lu.se)

Researchers at the Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI) have now found a gene mechanism that is responsible for the aging of hematopoietic stem cells. (idw-online.de)
The researchers verified that human prostate cancer cells thrive using fatty acid oxidation by assessing the biopsies of 38 people with the disease. (acs.org)
To develop a treatment that could be taken orally, the researchers encapsulated Platin-L in nanoparticles made with a biocompatible polymer that targeted prostate cancer cells. (acs.org)

Important for immunity, DNA repair, and other metabolic processes. (babycenter.com)
5) phagocytic cells impairing anti-microbial immunity . (lu.se)

Published September 5, 2007 transcription factors and replicating extra DNA, rather than going directly into growth of the cell. (lu.se)

If you're fasting but still consume processed and fatty foods, then you won't reap all the benefits from fasting. (runnerstribe.com)

Our studies also demonstrated that the in vitro differentiation capacity of MDSC is restricted to cells at the peripheral sites. (purdue.edu)

Throughout one's life, the blood is constantly being replenished from blood stem cells. (idw-online.de)
When the gene is missing, however, the aging-associated loss of function of the stem cells is surprisingly diminished. (idw-online.de)
The eventual aging of hematopoietic stem cells is apparently already preprogrammed by their gene-driven growth in youth. (idw-online.de)
After that, the gene is silenced and loses its function, it shows hardly any activity in the stem cells in advanced age," explains Prof. K. Lenhard Rudolph, research group leader at the FLI and professor of molecular medicine at FSU Jena. (idw-online.de)
Surprisingly, mice in which the gene is mutated show a reduction in the age-associated loss of function of the blood stem cells in late life, even though the gene is no longer active. (idw-online.de)
This suggests that Igf2bp2 gene function in early life leads to the aging of the stem cells. (idw-online.de)
Blood formation, also called hematopoiesis, is regulated by a complex system of stem cells. (idw-online.de)
Whether the metabolic and dividing activity of hematopoietic stem cells during embryonic development or in adolescence already predetermines later aging of the cells had not been previously been reported and was therefore the subject of the current study. (idw-online.de)
The study results show that a certain growth and metabolic activity is necessary for the undisturbed development of our blood stem cells. (idw-online.de)
However, these two processes simultaneously burn themselves into our cells as a kind of memory and then contribute to the loss of function of the blood stem cells later in life," postulates Prof. Rudolph. (idw-online.de)
Accumulating evidence shows that cancer stem cells are key drivers of tumor formation, progression, and recurrence. (hindawi.com)

Potassium aids in overall plant health, strengthening cell structure, and promoting disease resistance. (friendlyaquaponics.com)
We previously reported that artemisinin resistance results from the capacity of young intraerythrocytic F32-ART parasites (ring-stage parasites) to arrest their cell cycle and enter a quiescence state ( 9 , 10 ). (cdc.gov)

Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses capable of infecting and replicating within bacterial cells. (asm.org)
The cut off is established based on the presence (upstream) and absence (downstream) of bacterial cells or cell debris in these process unit operations," she explains. (biopharminternational.com)

This activity is required for the malignant growth of cancer cells. (nih.gov)
And in trials, Platin-L reduced the growth of prostate cancer cells by over 50% in several different cell lines. (acs.org)
For example, recent work from my lab indicates that certain cancer cells rely on increased production of the amino acid serine, a key metabolite for building DNA and other important molecules in the cell. (pewtrusts.org)
However, cancer cells overcome these controls, in particular by acquiring genetic mutations leading to the activation of oncogenes (pten, myc) or loss of tumor suppressors (p53) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Metabolic adaptations of cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
The ability of cancer cells to metastasize, or spread from one part of the body to another, is one of the reasons why cancer can be extremely challenging to treat. (medicalxpress.com)
In the USA, obesity has recent- obesity is associated with progres- aberrations of cancer cells, summa- ly surpassed tobacco use as the sion but not incidence [9]. (who.int)

Understanding this process could be key to prevention of obesity and metabolic illnesses. (mentalfloss.com)

Anatomy15

Organisms8

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs57

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Phenomena and Processes44

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Pathways15

Metabolism28

Disorders6

Proliferation8

Basal meta5

Phenotype4

Physiological4

Protein9

Enzymes2

Cellular metabolic2

Inflammation6

Nutrients11

Glucose6

Regulation9

Lipid3

Organism1

Affects3

Mitochondria1

Syndrome2

Glycolysis4

Microorganisms6

Vascular endoth2

Immune8

Regulate1

Enzyme2

Inhibition4

Hormonal1

Tumor growth2

Nutrient3

Inhibit2

Tumors1

NSCLC5

Biological processes2

Genes3

Mediates1

Mechanisms2

Alterations2

Lung8

Synthesis1

Pathway2

OXPHOS1

Ovarian2

Genome1

Hematopoietic stem1

Bone marrow4

Insulin2

Promotes3

Hormones1

Apoptosis2

Increases3

Epithelial cells3

Researchers3

Immunity2

Transcription1

Fatty1

Differentiation1

Stem11

Resistance2

Bacterial cells2

Cancer cells7

Obesity1