Metabolic bacterial cells cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

We describe extensive use of histidine kinase-based two-component systems and tyrosine kinase signaling, the presence of bacterial and plant type photoreceptors (phytochromes, cryptochrome, and phototropin) and of plant-type pentatricopeptide repeat proteins, as well as metabolic pathways, and a cell cycle control system typically found in more complex eukaryotes. (duke.edu)
However, our knowledge of the actual metabolic pathways and metabolite fluxes occurring in these pathogens under infection conditions is still limited. (uni-muenchen.de)
Underlying the PATHWAY database is a set of manually drawn images, very similar to classical metabolic pathways charts. (opensourcebiology.eu)
Once activated, p53 coordinates multiple downstream pathways, thereby maintaining the homeostasis of the host cell or organism (if the stress is mild, transient, and repairable) or eliminating damaged cells (if the stress is acute, prolonged, and difficult to resist). (nature.com)
Research in the @LyssiotisLab is focused on understanding the biochemical pathways and metabolic requirements that enable tumor growth in Kras-driven pancreatic cancer, and translating those findings into new cancer therapies. (cancer.gov)
In cells, there are two pathways to supply energy, named glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. (databasefootball.com)
Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics was used to investigate the overall metabolic changes and relevant toxicological pathways. (databasefootball.com)
Schematic overview of the disturbed metabolic pathways in BEAS-2B cells upon PM2.5 exposure. (databasefootball.com)
Interestingly, we found the change of TCA cycle and glycolysis were also influenced by other pathways. (databasefootball.com)
These health concerns have demonstrated that clearance and oxidation of single wall carbon been associated - to a large extent - with the reported long ``life- nanotubes (SWCNT) in the lungs after their pharyngeal span'' of SWCNT in the lung thus necessitating exploration of aspiration was markedly less effective whereas inflammatory possible metabolic pathways leading to their biodegradation. (cdc.gov)

The ecological success of Bryopsis has also been attributed to its associations with endophytic bacteria that reside in the cytoplasm of their cells (Hollants, Leliaert, Verbruggen, Willems, & De Clerck, 2013). (wikipedia.org)
To test this theory, Pyenson and Marraffini investigated what happens to infected bacteria that are grown on a solid medium where cell movement is restricted. (elifesciences.org)
Further experiments showed that compared to bacteria grown in liquid culture, bacterial cells in the resistant colonies had often acquired multiple spacers and were able to fight off phages with other mutations ( Figure 1 , right). (elifesciences.org)
It seems that when bacteria are immobilized, individual cells within the colony must acquire more spacers to resist infection by the mutated phage ( Figure 1 , right). (elifesciences.org)
The (13)C-isotopologue patterns of protein-derived amino acids from the bacteria and the host cells were then determined by mass spectrometry. (uni-muenchen.de)
Diseased cells, viruses, harmful bacteria and other pathogens carry such a charge and so attract ozone and its by-products. (winsomewellness.com)
This extracellular matrix glues bacteria to surfaces and serves as a slimy shield, protecting cells in the interior from predators and antibiotics. (the-scientist.com)
Bacteria sense these microenvironments and adapt by up or down regulating the expression of certain genes to influence different cell processes. (the-scientist.com)
The genetic toxicity potential of the substance was evaluated in the in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria, in the in vitro gene mutation study in mammalian cells and in the in vitro chromosome aberration study. (europa.eu)
The bacterial background lawn was not reduced at any of the concentrations and no relevant decrease in the number of revertants was observed in all bacteria strains. (europa.eu)
Thus, the test item showed no signs of toxicity towards the bacteria strains in both the presence and the absence of metabolic activation. (europa.eu)
The results of this experiment showed that the test item caused no significant or dose-related increase in the number of revertants in all bacteria strains compared to the solvent control, in both the presence and absence of metabolic activation. (europa.eu)
They can be found very early in Earth's fossil records (about 3.25 billion years ago) as both Archaea and Bacteria, and commonly protect prokaryotic cells by providing them with homeostasis, encouraging the development of complex interactions between the cells in the biofilm. (wikipedia.org)
The bacteria attacks carbohydrates (FODMAPs diet principle) food before being digested, causing a bacterial fermentation, much in the way of other fermented foods we're familiar with such as alcohol. (nutritionist-resource.org.uk)
A growing stream of new scientific research is proving that what we eat affects the trillions of bacteria in our intestinal tracts - our 'gut microbiome' - and in turn how much energy we absorb, and how our fat cells behave. (dailymaverick.co.za)
Small talk: cell-cell communication in bacteria. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Abstract Starting from mature vegetable compost, four bac- the utilization of these bacteria as cell factories for upgrading terial strains were selected using a lignin-rich medium. (lu.se)

It is unknown how environmental factors such as nutrient limitation shape phenotypic heterogeneity in metabolism and whether this allows cells to respond to nutrient fluctuations. (nature.com)
Here, we show that substrate limitation increases phenotypic heterogeneity in metabolism, and this heterogeneity allows cells to cope with substrate fluctuations. (nature.com)
D-lactate is a byproduct of bacterial metabolism and may accumulate in patients with short-gut syndrome or in those with a history of gastric bypass or small-bowel resection. (medscape.com)
Lactic acidosis, on the other hand, is associated with major metabolic dysregulation, tissue hypoperfusion, the effects of certain drugs or toxins, and congenital abnormalities in carbohydrate metabolism. (medscape.com)
Congenital lactic acidosis is secondary to inborn errors of metabolism, such as defects in gluconeogenesis, pyruvate dehydrogenase, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, or the respiratory chain. (medscape.com)
Carbon metabolism of enterobacterial human pathogens growing in epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells. (uni-muenchen.de)
In this study, we analysed the intracellular carbon metabolism of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC HN280 and EIEC 4608-58) and Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium (Stm 14028) replicating in epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2). (uni-muenchen.de)
Surprisingly, the metabolism of the host cells, as judged by the efficiency of (13)C-incorporation into host cell amino acids, was not significantly affected by the infection with either of these intracellular pathogens. (uni-muenchen.de)
Renewing interest in the study of intermediate metabolism and cellular bioenergetics is brought on by the global increase in the prevalence of metabolic illnesses. (mdpi.com)
Several unexpected findings in genetically altered mice have prompted research into the direction of intermediate metabolism of skeletal cells. (mdpi.com)
The initiation and development of tumor cell is accompanied by elevated stresses, such as oncogene activation, DNA damage, genome instability, and reprogrammed tumor metabolism. (nature.com)
In contrast to standard implementations of flux balance modeling, we made use of forced influx of carbon and light into the cell, to recapitulate overflow metabolism due to the decoupling of photosynthesis and carbon fixation from growth during nutrient limitation. (biorxiv.org)
The gut microbial community significantly influences the host's metabolism and immune system, representing a risk or protective factor to several immune-allergic and metabolic disturbances [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
As a new type of probe, the heavy isotope of water has been widely used in the study of cell development, metabolism, tissue homeostasis, aging, and tumor heterogeneity. (medsci.org)
Herein, we review findings supporting the applications of and research on heavy water in monitoring of bacterial metabolism, rapid detection of drug sensitivity, identification of tumor cells, precision medicine, and evaluation of skin barrier function and promote the use of heavy water as a suitable marker for the development of detection and treatment methodologies. (medsci.org)
In summary, the PM 2.5 exposure caused the metabolic reprogramming and mitochondrial dysfunction by perturbing purine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, glutathione metabolism, TCA cycle, and glycolysis caused by oxidative stress and inflammation. (databasefootball.com)
however recently the function of LuxS has been noted to be integral to central metabolism since it contributes to the activated methyl cycle. (microbiologyresearch.org)
1] Ketones - contrary to popular belief and myth - are a much needed and essential healing energy source in our cells that come from the normal metabolism of fat. (sott.net)
The key of these miraculous healing effects relies in the fact that fat metabolism and its generation of ketone bodies (beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate) by the liver can only occur within the mitochondrion, leaving chemicals within the cell but outside the mitochondria readily available to stimulate powerful anti-inflammatory antioxidants. (sott.net)
Bacterial metabolism selected lignin model compounds (vanillin, vanillate, 4- hydroxybenzoate, p-coumarate, benzoate, and ferulate) was carried out with three of the Pseudomonas isolates and in addition with the strain Pseudomonas putida KT2440 from a Introduction culture collection. (lu.se)

Analysis of the genome sequences of the major human bacterial pathogens has provided a large amount of information concerning their metabolic potential. (uni-muenchen.de)
Ozone targets only diseased cells and pathogens. (winsomewellness.com)
These data emphasize the need for further research regarding the characteristics of bacterial pathogens in the VBNC state and present the advantages and high-throughput capabilities of ATP determinations to investigate tolerance of VBNC pathogens to antimicrobials. (frontiersin.org)
The presented method should be helpful in order to identify appropriate countermeasures, treatments, or disinfectants when confronted with bacterial pathogens in the VBNC state. (frontiersin.org)

To this aim, we supplied [U-(13)C(6)]glucose to Caco-2 cells infected with the bacterial strains or mutants thereof impaired in the uptake of glucose, mannose and/or glucose 6-phosphate. (uni-muenchen.de)
Mutants of all three strains impaired in the uptake of glucose switched to C(3)-substrate(s) accompanied by an increased uptake of amino acids (and possibly also other anabolic monomers) from the host cell. (uni-muenchen.de)
We developed a comprehensive experimental setup and demonstrated the applicability of this VBNC-MIC assay for testing the tolerance of 12 strains of 4 important bacterial species ( Escherichia coli , Bacillus cereus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Listeria monocytogenes ) in the VBNC state to eight important antimicrobials including four different antibiotics. (frontiersin.org)
The test was performing without and with metabolic activation in the range of concentration of 0.1 to 100 µg/20µl/plate, using strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA 97, TA 98, TA 100, TA 102, TA 104, TA 1535, TA 1537 and TA 1538). (europa.eu)
No substantial increase in revertant colony numbers of any of the tester strains was observed following treatment with the test substance at any concentration level, neither in the presence nor absence of metabolic activation. (europa.eu)
T he test substance did not induce gene mutations in the strains of S. typhimurium used, both with and without metabolic activation. (europa.eu)
The test item was tested in the Bacterial reverse mutation assay with five strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535 and TA1537). (europa.eu)
The results of this experiment showed that none of the tested concentrations showed a significant or dose-related increase in the number of revertants in all evaluated strains, in the presence and the absence of metabolic activation. (europa.eu)
Based on the results of this study it is concluded that the test item is not mutagenic in the Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535 and TA1537 in the presence and absence of metabolic activation under the experimental conditions in this study. (europa.eu)
HPV infections have received particular attention in recent years, as high-risk strains have been linked to some cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma. (medscape.com)
Some of the enzymes which generate aromatic radicals that break down most prominent bacterial strains found were isolated and tax- the complex linkages present in lignin to compounds of lower onomically identified using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) se- molecular weight. (lu.se)

This system protects the bacterial cell by taking a short length of DNA from the phage and inserting this 'spacer' into its own genome. (elifesciences.org)
It was only recently that ZNF proteins emerged as key regulators of genome integrity in mammalian cells. (bvsalud.org)
View Evolutionary Genomics of Environmental Pollution Several months after the KEGG project was initiated in 1995, the first report of the completely sequenced bacterial genome was published. (opensourcebiology.eu)
KEGG is a database resource for understanding high-level functions and utilities of the biological system, such as the cell, the organism and the ecosystem, from molecular-level information, especially large-scale molecular datasets generated by genome sequencing and other high-throughput experimental technologies. (opensourcebiology.eu)
First, with the aid of a new algorithm for recursive filling of metabolic gaps (ReFill), and through substantial manual curation, we extended an existing genome-scale metabolic model of Prochlorococcus MED4. (biorxiv.org)

Elevations in these markers are generally seen with gut dysbiosis and bacterial imbalances. (mydnachoices.com)
Findings published in Redox Biology suggest the type of eating that leads to metabolic syndrome can prompt imbalances in the gut microbiome, with impaired gut function contributing to toxins in the bloodstream, resulting in vitamin C depletion, which subsequently impairs the trafficking of vitamin E. (innovitaresearch.com)
It has less to do with the healing and more to do with the correction of imbalances and perpetuating metabolic cycles, that are underlying the problem in the first place. (nutritionist-resource.org.uk)

CN104087535B has reported that a cell is prepared with Pseudomonas nitroreducens NTLC4.002 (accession number: CCTCC M2014254) as an original strain to transform glutamine and ethylamine to produce L-theanine. (justia.com)

CONCLUSIONS- This new finding demonstrates that changes in gut microbiota controls metabolic endotoxemia, inflammation, and associated disorders by a mechanism that could increase intestinal permeability. (diabetesjournals.org)
It would thus be useful to develop strategies for changing gut microbiota to control, intestinal permeability, metabolic endotoxemia, and associated disorders. (diabetesjournals.org)
The most commonly lost gene products in colorectal carcinogenesis include guanylin and uroguanylin, the endogenous ligands for guanylyl cyclase C (GCC, GUCY2C), the intestinal receptor for diarrheagenic bacterial enterotoxins. (jefferson.edu)
In close agreement, induction of GCC signaling in mucosal sheets ex vivo and intestinal cells in vitro inhibited proliferation by activating cGMP-dependent protein kinase and delaying the cell cycle at the G1/S transition. (jefferson.edu)
2-Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid (marker 11), 4 Hydroxybenzoic Acid (marker 12), and 4-Hydroxyhippuric Acid (marker 13) are all markers of intestinal bacterial overgrowth. (mydnachoices.com)

These cells tend to be more metabolically quiescent and rely on mitochondrial oxidation for bioenergetics. (cancer.gov)
On one hand, the release of TNF-α could increase the expression of iNOS to generate nitric oxide in cells, and the accumulation of nitric oxide could compete with oxygen to reduce mitochondrial respiration. (databasefootball.com)

The major metabolic pathway for linear and branched fatty acids is the beta-oxidation pathway for energy generation, while alternatives are the omega-pathway or direct conjugation to more polar products. (europa.eu)

The lactate exits the cells and is transported to the liver, where it is oxidized back to pyruvate and ultimately converted to glucose via the Cori cycle. (medscape.com)
However, all tissues can use lactate as an energy source, as it can be converted quickly back to pyruvate and enter into the Krebs cycle. (medscape.com)

it's the process by which free radicals try to stabilize themselves by stealing electrons from cell membranes, causing damage to the cell. (innovitaresearch.com)

Microorganisms are at the center of all major biogeochemical processes on Earth, providing valuable ecosystem services such as nutrient cycling, climate regulation and degradation of organic matter and pollutants. (jakesonline.org)
Bacterial population of the soil exceeds other groups of microorganisms in number and variety. (jakesonline.org)
Aggregate of microorganisms in which cells that are frequently embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) adhere to each other and/or to a surface. (wikipedia.org)
A biofilm comprises any syntrophic consortium of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often also to a surface. (wikipedia.org)
This method does not alter the cell composition or rely on cell culture and thus allows the rapid, quantitative, and nondestructive evaluation of the effect of drugs on the real-time metabolic activity of microorganisms at the single-cell level [ 8 - 10 ]. (medsci.org)

In many simple organisms and in higher animals, the life cycle is completed within a single generation, while in most plants, the life cycle is multigenerational. (britannica.com)
In addition, the metabolic waste products of these organisms are oxidized and an oxygen rich environment is provided which healthy cells can thrive. (winsomewellness.com)
PMC KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) is a bioinformatics resource for understanding the functions and utilities of cells and organisms from both high-level and genomic perspectives. (opensourcebiology.eu)

The epithelial cells that line the gut, are actually some of the fastest cells to renew in our body. (nutritionist-resource.org.uk)
In HHV-1 and HHV-2 oral infections, viral replication within the oral epithelium may cause lysis of epithelial cells, with vesicle formation. (medscape.com)

When a cell becomes stressed by physical or chemical shock or by viral, bacterial or fungal attack, its energy levels are reduced by the outflow of electrons and it becomes electropositive. (winsomewellness.com)
It also damages viral capsid and upsets reproductive cycle by disrupting virus-to-cell contact with peroxidation. (winsomewellness.com)
[ 5 , 6 ] In a localized primary infection, the virus penetrates the mucosal epithelium and invades the cells of the basal layer, where the viral DNA inserts into the host DNA. (medscape.com)
Viral load and CD4+ T cell testing should ideally be performed twice before initiating or changing an antiretroviral treatment regimen. (cdc.gov)

We also study biochemical oscillators such as the cell cycle, metabolic rhythms, and circadian clocks, which co-exist in the same cells and interact with one another through shared resources. (duke.edu)
CNT in biochemical models and in cells yielding the products engineered CNT represent a possible health risk due to their that did not cause pulmonary inflammation in mice [14]. (cdc.gov)

In order to fully understand the diversity within the genus, different physiological aspects have been analyzed (e.g. life cycle, chromosomes) however, these have been insufficient in further elucidating taxonomic issues within species. (wikipedia.org)
The cloning of maize PPDK regulatory protein (PDRP) revealed the regulatory protein had been sequenced from more than 200 bacterial species and had been identified as DUF299 (domain of unknown function). (scirp.org)
this is because humans, like other species, undergo a series of changes as they mature and age, in accordance with their biological life cycle. (britannica.com)

The fact that our bodies have way more microbial cells than human cells might hit home the most. (wustl.edu)
The microbial cells growing in a biofilm are physiologically distinct from planktonic cells of the same organism, which, by contrast, are single cells that may float or swim in a liquid medium. (wikipedia.org)

Thus, the mechanism generating metabolic connectivity of the chromatophore fundamentally differs from the one for mitochondria and plastids, but likely rather resembles the poorly understood mechanism in various bacterial endosymbionts in plants and insects. (frontiersin.org)
In theory, this method can detect the entire spectrum of substances in the cell, especially the "fingerprint area" in the range of ~600-1800 cm -1 , which can distinguish cell types and explore the mechanism of microbial stress [ 11 - 13 ]. (medsci.org)

Furthermore, the absence of CD14 in ob/ob CD14 − / − mutant mice mimicked the metabolic and inflammatory effects of antibiotics. (diabetesjournals.org)
What's more, oxygen depletion causes cells in the center to enter a hibernation-like state, making them tolerant to antibiotics that target metabolic processes. (the-scientist.com)
In this study, we investigated if de novo ATP production of cells in the VBNC state is a suitable indicator for overall cell viability that can be utilized to determine the minimum ATP inhibitory concentration (MAIC) of antibiotics and other antimicrobials. (frontiersin.org)
Microbes form a biofilm in response to a number of different factors, [9] which may include cellular recognition of specific or non-specific attachment sites on a surface, nutritional cues, or in some cases, by exposure of planktonic cells to sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics . (wikipedia.org)

Once adulthood is reached and the laying period has begun, the dynamics of symbiont and host cells is reversed: the number of endosymbionts decreases progressively and the bacteriocyte structure degenerates during insect aging. (hal.science)

The bacterial foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes clonal 41 complex 1 (Lm-CC1) is the most prevalent clonal group associated with listeriosis, and is 42 strongly associated with cattle and dairy products. (cdc.gov)

The body is destroying its own protection because it got tricked by the gut dysbiosis into thinking there was a bacterial invasion. (innovitaresearch.com)

We previously determined, first, that metabolic endotoxemia controls the inflammatory tone, body weight gain, and diabetes, and second, that high-fat feeding modulates gut microbiota and the plasma concentration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), i.e., metabolic endotoxemia. (diabetesjournals.org)
However, we have recently reported that moderate increase of plasma concentration of the inflammatory reagent, the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), increased during a fat-enriched diet, and defined metabolic endotoxemia ( 4 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
In cell culture-based studies, where metformin can be delivered at a concentration that penetrates cells, metformin exhibits selective toxicity to cells with 'stem cell' properties. (cancer.gov)
Moreover, ethylamine has an inhibiting effect on microbial growth to cause decreased cell concentration and partial cell autolysis during fermentation, thereby leading to complex components of fermentation broth and difficulties in product extraction. (justia.com)

Class discussions will center on such key discoveries as the chemical nature of genetic material, the genetic code, oxygen producing light-spectrum, cell-cell signaling, transcriptional regulation, the random nature of mutation, and cell cycle regulation. (wustl.edu)
Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification responsible for one of the most complex multilayered communication and regulation systems in the cell. (bvsalud.org)

But once construction progresses, some cells will switch to producing spores or useful enzymes. (the-scientist.com)

People with metabolic syndrome can eat the same amount of vitamin C as people without metabolic syndrome but have lower plasma concentrations of vitamin C," Traber said. (innovitaresearch.com)

In-depth exploration of landmark and current papers in genetics, molecular and cell biology, with an emphasis on prokaryotes and eukaryotic microbes. (wustl.edu)

Phage populations, however, can also adapt and evade bacterial CRISPR-Cas systems. (elifesciences.org)
When the external environment changed, cells may rewrite the energy metabolic phenotype to adapt to the new circumstances and suppress damage. (databasefootball.com)

It also occurs as a result on markedly increased transient metabolic demand (eg, postseizure lactic acidosis). (medscape.com)

We're suggesting that's because this slippage of bacterial cell walls causes the whole body to mount that anti-inflammatory response. (innovitaresearch.com)
Psoriasis is a complex, chronic, multifactorial, inflammatory disease that involves hyperproliferation of the keratinocytes in the epidermis, with an increase in the epidermal cell turnover rate (see the image below). (medscape.com)

antioxidants such as vitamins C and E offer defense against the oxidative stress brought on by inflammation and the associated free radicals, unstable molecules that can damage the body's cells. (innovitaresearch.com)
In this study, we found that exposure to PM 2.5 could change energy metabolic phenotype from more effective oxidative phosphorylation to less-effective glycolysis. (databasefootball.com)
The metabolites in the TCA cycle (e.g. succinate, malate) were found down-regulated, which indicated that the precursors for oxidative phosphorylation were reduced. (databasefootball.com)

With a persistent oxygen debt and overwhelming of the body's buffering abilities (whether from long-term dysfunction or excessive production), hyperlacticaemia and metabolic acidosis ensue, commonly referred to as lactic acidosis. (medscape.com)
A diet high in saturated fat results in chronic low-grade inflammation in the body that in turn leads to the development of metabolic syndrome, a serious condition associated with cognitive dysfunction and dementia as well as being a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes. (innovitaresearch.com)

Two critical factors during this dauntingly complex process appear to be the establishment of metabolic connectivity between the symbiotic partners, and the evolution of nuclear control over protein expression levels within the organelle. (frontiersin.org)
Little is known about whether and how symbiotic cells are coordinated according to host physiology. (hal.science)

[2] [3] The cells within the biofilm produce the EPS components, which are typically a polymeric conglomeration of extracellular polysaccharides , proteins , lipids and DNA . (wikipedia.org)

Our lab is interested in the systems biology and evolution of epigenetic switches (bistability) and clocks (oscillators) in gene regulatory networks, two functions that are essential for patterning, cell proliferation, and differentiation in biological systems. (duke.edu)
Finally, we show that specific gene knockouts in i SO595 exhibit dynamic anomalies compatible with experimental observations, further demonstrating the value of this model as a tool to probe the metabolic dynamic of Prochlorococcus . (biorxiv.org)
1 Recent insights reveal that mitochondria can regulate cell signaling and gene expression by tuning the rates of metabolic reactions. (cancer.gov)

The labelling patterns reflected strain-dependent carbon flux via glycolysis and/or the Entner-Doudoroff pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, the TCA cycle and anapleurotic reactions between PEP and oxaloacetate. (uni-muenchen.de)
2021. The KEGG pathway database consists of two sections: the metabolic pathway section and the regulatory pathway section. (opensourcebiology.eu)

Soil microbiology and cycles of the elements. (jakesonline.org)

They found that most cells died, but those that acquired resistance formed separate colonies. (elifesciences.org)
Cells in these resistant colonies arranged themselves into unusually shaped sectors, with the number and type of spacers present varying between cells in each sector. (elifesciences.org)
The minerals, along with grains of sediment precipitating from the water, were then trapped within the sticky layer of mucilage that surrounds the bacterial colonies, which then continued to grow upwards through the sediment to form a new layer. (evcforum.net)

Heavy water is an ideal contrast agent for metabolic activity and can be adapted to a wide range of biological systems owing to its non-invasiveness, universal applicability, and cost-effectiveness. (medsci.org)
Among these, Raman spectroscopy has attracted increasing attention as a highly sensitive molecular imaging technique for studying complex biological systems, including cells, tissues, and various biological materials [ 4 ]. (medsci.org)

The data showed that EIEC HN280 growing in the cytosol of the host cells, as well as Stm 14028 replicating in the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) utilised glucose, but not glucose 6-phosphate, other phosphorylated carbohydrates, gluconate or fatty acids as major carbon substrates. (uni-muenchen.de)
In fact, its origin is nearly 100 years old and is based on the observation that, relative to normal cells, cancer cells avidly consume glucose and metabolize it without using oxygen. (cancer.gov)
A healthy ketosis also helps starve cancer cells as they are unable to use ketones for fuel, relying on glucose alone for their growth. (sott.net)

Therefore, it remained to demonstrate whether changes in gut microbiota control the occurrence of metabolic diseases. (diabetesjournals.org)
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS- We changed gut microbiota by means of antibiotic treatment to demonstrate, first, that changes in gut microbiota could be responsible for the control of metabolic endotoxemia, the low-grade inflammation, obesity, and type 2 diabetes and, second, to provide some mechanisms responsible for such effect. (diabetesjournals.org)
RESULTS- We found that changes of gut microbiota induced by an antibiotic treatment reduced metabolic endotoxemia and the cecal content of LPS in both high-fat-fed and ob/ob mice. (diabetesjournals.org)
The gut microbiota composition of seventeen healthy male college students was analysed before and after nine weeks of high-intensity interval cycling training by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. (biomedcentral.com)

When growing in a liquid environment (left), individual bacterial cells usually acquire a single spacer that targets just one region of the wild-type (WT) phage (shown in grey). (elifesciences.org)
instead, through its metabolic targets, p53 is able to modulate the ferroptosis response in the presence of ferroptosis inducers such as GPX4 inhibitors or high levels of ROS. (nature.com)

We reasoned that individual cells engage in mixed-substrate uptake of N 2 and NH 4 + when NH 4 + supply is limited and that the simultaneous uptake of both N sources shapes the heterogeneity in N 2 fixation. (nature.com)
Singh R, Bose A (2020) Understanding the role of phototrophic extracellular electron uptake in terrestrial carbon cycling at the systems level. (wustl.edu)

In addition to basic science investigations in such areas as tumor cell invasion, oncogenes, immunotherapy and genetic inheritance, our scientists and physicians participate in national cancer trials. (upstate.edu)

Cells respond to nutrient fluctuations by sensing and adapting their physiological state. (nature.com)

Is p53-dependent ferroptosis sufficient for tumor suppression in the absence of cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis? (nature.com)
The test was performed in three experiments in the presence and absence of metabolic activation, with +S9 standing for the presence of a metabolic activation, and -S9 standing for absence of metabolic activation. (europa.eu)
The substance was assayed for its ability to induce chromosomal damage in cultured human lymphocytes, following in vitro treatment in the absence and presence of S9 metabolic activation, according to OECD guideline 473. (europa.eu)

However, the limited set of chromatophore-encoded solute transporters appears insufficient for supporting metabolic connectivity or protein import. (frontiersin.org)

RPA enhances in vitro melting, FAN1 excision, and repair of slipped-CAGs and protects against CAG expansions in human cells. (bvsalud.org)

The results of this study will allow the scientific community to better place and understand the role of gas hydrates within the global carbon cycle. (doe.gov)

The metabolites in glycolysis (e.g. lactate, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate) were up-regulated, which proved the promotion of glycolysis in cells. (databasefootball.com)
On the other hand, the conversion of arginine to urea cycle was inhibited, while some metabolites in urea cycle are the precursors of TCA cycle, so the decrease of urea cycle aggravated the reduction of TCA cycle. (databasefootball.com)

Recently, signaling by GCC and its downstream effector, cyclic GMP (cGMP) has emerged as a principal regulator of proliferation in human colon cancer cells. (jefferson.edu)
Separately, deletion of GCC increased tumor growth by releasing a restriction on the cell cycle normally constraining epithelial cell proliferation. (jefferson.edu)

Crypt hyperplasia in GCC-/- mice was associated with compensatory increases in cell migration and apoptosis. (jefferson.edu)
Although the conventional activities of p53 such as cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis are well accepted as the major checkpoints in stress responses, accumulating evidence implicates the importance of other tumor suppression mechanisms. (nature.com)
To date, various mechanisms have been suggested to explain the powerful tumor-suppressive effect of p53, including the induction of cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis. (nature.com)

Immunoreceptor signaling during development, homeostasis, and effector function of T cells and NK cells. (upstate.edu)

Ozone disrupts the integrity of bacterial cell envelope through oxidation of the phospholipids and lipoproteins. (winsomewellness.com)

It has a sophisticated life cycle with several distinct stages including amoebal, flagellated, and plasmodial cells. (duke.edu)

Anatomy25

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