MicroRNAsMRNAsProteinsRibosomalMoleculesMiRNAsTRNAGenomicMoleculeAntisenseInterferenceDegradationModificationDiscovered RNA modificationsMetabolismPost-transcriptionalMRNA technologyRegulateEukaryoticSequencesTherapeuticsViralGene expressionGeneticSignal TransductionRNA'sSingle-strandedMaturationInteractsCellularRibonucleic acidTranscriptsTranscriptionRRNAPolyadenylationNuclearGenesModulatesLocalizationRNAiRegulationFunctionsDecayUndergoesRegulatesStructuresSecondaryOrnaEukaryotesZinc fingerInhibitTranslationEnzymesVaccinesProtein synthesisAmino acid
MicroRNAs8
- Transfer and ribosomal RNA have been shown to be heavily modified, and many of these same modifications also occur in messenger RNA and non-coding RNAs (including microRNAs). (nih.gov)
- Recent advances in RNA interference have opened new directions for SLE pathogenesis, more significant being the discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs). (niscair.res.in)
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of thousands of genes in a broad range of organisms in both normal physiological contexts and in disease contexts. (gene-quantification.eu)
- Small RNA guides-microRNAs, small interfering RNAs, and repeat-associated small interfering RNAs, 21 to 30 nucleotides in length-shape diverse cellular pathways, from chromosome architecture to stem cell maintenance. (gene-quantification.eu)
- Discovered in nematodes in 1993, microRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that are related to small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), the small RNAs that guide RNA interference (RNAi). (gene-quantification.eu)
- Notably, an additional benefit of the sum total of all the mechanisms SARS-CoV-2 uses to suppress RNA is to limit the ability of microRNAs , several of which have the capability of interacting with genomic RNA, to inhibit viral replication. (accessh.org)
- Many microRNAs are in fact capable of binding and possibly inhibiting both SARS-CoV-2 genomic stability and messenger RNA translation. (accessh.org)
- An increasing amount of evidence demonstrates that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), are aberrantly expressed in several cancers, including BC. (biomedcentral.com)
MRNAs11
- The system was used to examine the influence of 5'-capping, 3'-polyadenylation and leader sequence upon the translation and stability of the synthetic Tn9 cat (chloramphenicol acetyl transferase), yeast PGK (phosphoglycerate kinase) and yeast HSP26 (heat-shock protein 26) mRNAs. (kent.ac.uk)
- AU-rich elements (AREs) are 3' UTR cis-regulatory elements that regulate the stability of mRNAs. (nih.gov)
- Mainly studied in non-coding RNAs, ribonucleoside modifications have more recently been described in messenger RNAs (mRNAs), where they form the basis of the epitranscriptome. (nih.gov)
- Acetylated targets displayed elevated stability and enhanced translation as compared to non-acetylated mRNAs, and NAT10 depletion resulted in a decrease in both parameters specifically for acetylated targets. (nih.gov)
- In response to developmental cues, polyA tail lengths can vary, affecting the translation efficiency and stability of mRNAs. (researchgate.net)
- Emerging evidences show that miRNAs affect the stability and translational efficiency of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) by post transcriptionally regulating gene expression of the target mRNAs. (niscair.res.in)
- The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, acting through the downstream kinase MK2, regulates the stability of many proinflammatory mRNAs that contain adenosine/uridine-rich elements (AREs). (birmingham.ac.uk)
- In contrast, the stability of the 16S rRNA and mRNAs for rpoA, psbA and rbcL increased during chloroplast development. (tamu.edu)
- We postulated that mRNAs carrying Alus in the two opposite directions can generate double stranded RNAs, capable of regulating the levels of other Alu-carrying mRNAs post-transcriptionally. (biomedcentral.com)
- Recently, long non-coding RNAs have been shown to be capable of binding to Alu-carrying mRNAs, thereby triggering the STAU1-mediated mRNA decay [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Despite the binding of two protein-coding Alu-carrying mRNAs had never been discussed previously to our knowledge, we conjectured that the resulting double stranded RNAs could trigger the post-transcriptional regulation of a large collection of protein-coding mRNAs carrying sense or antisense Alu elements, by offering potent sources of either Dicer1 -created short interfering RNA (siRNA) [ 18 - 20 ], or STAU1 -mediated mRNA decay [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Proteins11
- An Ancient Family of RNA-Binding Proteins: Still Important! (nih.gov)
- The TDP-43 protein is involved in processing molecules called messenger RNA (mRNA), which serve as the genetic blueprints for making proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
- That greater stability helps the circles produce more therapeutic proteins in the body than linear mRNA does, he says. (acs.org)
- The process of targeting RNA with SMOLs appears quite similar to the more established targeting of proteins. (bayer.com)
- Targeting RNA with SMOLs could enable us to indirectly target proteins that are currently "undruggable" by preventing their synthesis. (bayer.com)
- The purpose of this initiative is to stimulate research into the functions of modified RNAs in the brain and in the associated modification proteins that act on RNA (readers, writers, and erasers) that play a role in basic neurobiological and behavioral processes implicated in mental and substance use disorders. (nih.gov)
- Chemical modifications of proteins, DNA and RNA nucleoside moieties play a crucial role on gene regulation. (nih.gov)
- The host labs are studying how the multiprotein CCR4-NOT complex and its associated RNA binding proteins control gene expression. (nih.gov)
- Expression of genes occurs through transcription - the assembly of continuous, single stranded, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) copies of exons, which are translated into proteins. (ddw-online.com)
- The analysis involved sequencing each retina's ribonucleic acid (RNA), the messenger molecule that carries instructions from DNA for making proteins. (nih.gov)
- So efficient is this gatekeeping mechanism, which obstructs the entry of cellular messenger RNA into the ribosome, that eight hours following infection, the majority of new proteins made are viral, not cellular. (accessh.org)
Ribosomal2
Molecules9
- The development of new technologies has recently unlocked a new class of target molecules for the application of SMOLs: ribonucleic acid, or in short: RNA. (bayer.com)
- Addressing these different biological mechanisms RNA-targeting small molecules could access a universe of new targets and with that totally novel therapeutic approaches. (bayer.com)
- RNA molecules can form secondary and tertiary structures that can regulate their localization and function. (researchgate.net)
- The "epitranscriptome" refers to chemical modifications of RNA molecules. (nih.gov)
- The role of chemical modifications of RNA molecules (the epitranscriptome) in mediating brain functions is relatively unexplored. (nih.gov)
- Single-stranded RNA, which helps to relay information encoded in double-helix DNA molecules, for a long time attracted only academic interest because it was seen as too unstable to handle. (livemint.com)
- Those, it said, relate to the engineering of mRNA molecules, including sequence modifications to increase stability, and mRNA vaccine formulations specific to COVID-19 vaccines. (wreg.com)
- By blocking export of cellular messenger RNAs, NSP1 also inhibits the production of new signaling molecules that could activate the innate immune response. (accessh.org)
- Today, however, this view has almost entirely changed, and RNA-based molecules have been implicated in a broad range of functions including the activation/deactivation of genes, the excision of genetic material, and the transport of intercellular components. (biopharminternational.com)
MiRNAs2
- Although miRNAs are the most studied non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) to date, the importance of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is increasingly being recognized. (gene-quantification.eu)
- This allows you to use the exosome isolation kit as a way of concentrating the sample, while keeping the amount of potential PCR inhibitors to a minimum (see figure Detect more miRNAs in biofluids using exosome isolation kits. Using an exosome isolation kit results in increased call rate from depleted samples and allows greater sample starting volumes. For direct RNA extraction, 200 µl of urine from a healthy individual was used as the starting material for RNA purification. In comparison, greater miRNA qPCR call rates were observed when increasing volumes of urine was subjected to exosome enrichment using the miRCURY Exosome Kit – Cell/Urine/CSF, prior to RNA extraction. "> Detect more miRNAs in biofluids using exosome isolation kits ). (qiagen.com)
TRNA4
- Of the RNAs examined, a 2.6 kb unspliced precursor of tRNA(lys) exhibited the shortest half-life, which was estimated to be 3 h. (tamu.edu)
- The stability of atpB mRNA and the unspliced precursor of tRNA-lys was not altered during chloroplast development, while the stability of psaA mRNA decreased 2-fold. (tamu.edu)
- The non-exonic component of the genome accomplishes control primarily by transcription into a plethora of regulatory RNA types (including smRNA, ncRNA, tRNA, rRNA and antisense transcription) or by containing structural genomic DNA features that influence transcription and replication (both control elements and DNA methylation). (ddw-online.com)
- In 2012, Taucher and Breuker (8) were amongst the first to report sequence coverage of full-length transfer RNA (tRNA) using Fourier transform ion cycloctron resonance (FT-ICR), combining data from electron detachment dissociation (EDD) and collision-activated dissociation (CAD) experiments. (biopharminternational.com)
Genomic2
- sfRNA is a product of incomplete degradation of genomic RNA by the cell 5'-3' exoribonuclease XRN1 which stalls at highly ordered secondary RNA structures at the beginning of the 3'UTR. (mdpi.com)
- He moved to Milan and started his lab at HT in March 2023, working in the fields of gene regulation and RNA metabolism, as well as on developing new genomic technologies for perturbing and profiling gene expression. (humantechnopole.it)
Molecule3
- This is why, people used to compare the structure of an RNA molecule with the random appearance of a cooked spaghetti. (bayer.com)
- They work by using mRNA, or messenger RNA, which is the molecule that essentially puts DNA instructions into action. (padhaikaro.com)
- Part of a MESSENGER RNA molecule that undergoes a conformation change upon binding a specific metabolite or other small molecule thereby regulating the messenger RNA's transcription, post-transcriptional processing, transport, translation, or stability in response to varying levels of the metabolite or other small molecule. (bvsalud.org)
Antisense1
- Currently, RNA-based medicines can be segregated by their functionality and structure and include species, such as messenger RNA (mRNA), antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), small interfering RNA (siRNA), and microRNA (miRNA). (biopharminternational.com)
Interference4
- We then find that the m 6 A RNA modification of processed, rather than unprocessed, pseudogenes promotes cytosolic RNA degradation and attenuates interference with the RNAs of their cognate protein-coding genes. (biomedcentral.com)
- Our discovery reveals a novel evolutionary role of m 6 A RNA modification in cleaning up the unnecessary processed pseudogene transcripts to attenuate their interference with the regulatory network of protein-coding genes. (biomedcentral.com)
- Summary: Endogenous RNA interference is the energy-dependent epigenetic link from the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction to biophysically constrained viral latency. (rna-mediated.com)
- See also: Energy as information and constrained endogenous RNA interference (2) The Scope (Febrary 4, 2017) On World Cancer Day, we're featuring some of the most exciting research developments of the past year. (rna-mediated.com)
Degradation5
- We experimentally validate the m 6 A RNA modification of two processed pseudogenes, DSTNP2 and NAP1L4P1 , which promotes the RNA degradation of both pseudogenes and their cognate protein-coding genes DSTN and NAP1L4 . (biomedcentral.com)
- Poly(A) tails protect RNAs from degradation and their deadenylation rates determine RNA stability. (humantechnopole.it)
- Summary: What kind of theory leaves out the energy-dependent changes that link the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA to mutations and all pathology without linking the creation of the sun's anti-entropic virucidal energy from the physiology of reproduction to healthy longevity? (rna-mediated.com)
- Bernard Feringa: The Future of Chemistry - Schrödinger at 75: The Future of Biology (video) Levulan Kerastick and Blu-U link light-activated microRNA biogenesis in plants to an effective treatment for the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA in skin cells via the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction (quorum-sensing) in soil bacteria, gut bacteria, and skin bacteria. (rna-mediated.com)
- The stress-linked virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA has been linked to all pathology. (rna-mediated.com)
Modification8
- MODOMICS: a database of RNA modification pathways - 2013 update. (nature.com)
- m 6 A RNA modification controls cell fate transition in mammalian embryonic stem cells. (nature.com)
- Using a combination of chemical biology, RNA biology and antibody-based approaches, we identified N4-acetylcytidine as a novel mRNA modification that is catalyzed by the N-acetyltransferase enzyme NAT10. (nih.gov)
- The RNA Modification Database lists more than 60 RNA modifications that occur in eukaryotic cells. (nih.gov)
- N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is considered the most common, abundant, and conserved internal transcript modification, especially in eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA). (biomedcentral.com)
- However, research on this modification has been hindered, and its biological function remains largely unknown due to the lack of methods to define its location in RNA. (biomedcentral.com)
- N 6-Methyladenosine (m6A) modification is one of the most widely distributed RNA modifications in eukaryotes. (biomedcentral.com)
- Chemical modification of nucleic acids is an important part of biological processes, including RNA transcription, protein translation and signaling pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
Discovered RNA modifications1
Metabolism3
- These epitranscriptome modifications have the capacity to regulate all steps of posttranscriptional mRNA metabolism including processing, structure, stability and translation. (nih.gov)
- Accumulating evidence suggests that m6A RNA methylation greatly impacts RNA metabolism and is involved in the pathogenesis of many kinds of diseases, including cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
- Many reports over the past few years have reported the regulation of miRNA metabolism and function by a range of mechanisms involving numerous protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions. (gene-quantification.eu)
Post-transcriptional2
- The 5′-end of nascent messenger RNA is the site at which post-transcriptional capping occurs, a process which is vital to producing mature messenger RNA. (wikipedia.org)
- He worked on non-coding RNA and post-transcriptional gene regulation in the lab of Irene Bozzoni, where he completed his PhD in 2016. (humantechnopole.it)
MRNA technology3
- German and US firms are leading the way in synthetic messenger RNA, or mRNA technology, a new approach to tackling a range of hard-to-treat diseases. (livemint.com)
- Messenger RNA or mRNA technology works by teaching our cells to recognize and protect us against infectious diseases. (padhaikaro.com)
- The COVID-19 vaccine is one of the many inoculations which use messenger RNA (mRNA) technology to defeat viruses. (humanize.today)
Regulate4
- N 6 -methyladenosine-dependent RNA structural switches regulate RNA-protein interactions. (nature.com)
- RNA modifications in the brain have been reported to regulate the fate and function of both coding and noncoding RNAs and are emerging as a critical element of cellular function. (nih.gov)
- Furthermore, the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway synergizes with the p38 MAPK pathway to regulate both stability and localization of TTP. (birmingham.ac.uk)
- Fifteen years after the discovery of RNA silencing, we are only just beginning to understand the depth and complexity of how these RNAs regulate gene expression and to consider their role in shaping the evolutionary history of higher eukaryotes. (gene-quantification.eu)
Eukaryotic2
- The dynamic N 1-methyladenosine methylome in eukaryotic messenger RNA Nature 530 , 441-446 (2016). (nature.com)
- N6-methyladenosine (m6A) was first discovered in eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA) [ 2 , 3 ] and viral nuclear RNA [ 4 , 5 ] in the 1970s and has been identified as one of the most common and abundant RNA modifications. (biomedcentral.com)
Sequences3
- Here, we use functional annotation of sequences from 3' UTRs (fast-UTR), a massively parallel reporter assay (MPRA), to investigate the effects of 41,288 3' UTR sequence fragments from 4653 transcripts on gene expression and mRNA stability in Jurkat and Beas2B cells. (nih.gov)
- By convention, single strands of DNA and RNA sequences are written in a 5′-to-3′ direction except as needed to illustrate the pattern of base pairing. (wikipedia.org)
- A total of 13,662 protein-coding and 1,462 non-protein coding RNA sequences were identified. (nih.gov)
Therapeutics4
- This led me to apply to the NIH Oxford-Cambridge Scholars Program for my DPhil where I was able to continue my work on RNA and developing RNA therapeutics for neuromuscular diseases. (nih.gov)
- Merck & Co. has entered a collaboration with circular RNA company Orna Therapeutics to develop several programs, including vaccines and therapeutics for infectious diseases and oncology. (acs.org)
- Considerable efforts have been made over the years to resolve the key issues of stability and delivery of RNA-based therapeutics. (biopharminternational.com)
- Given the ubiquity and variety of roles associated with RNA, it was inevitable that it would become a focus for investigators involved in the development of therapeutics. (biopharminternational.com)
Viral2
- Part six of this series delved into the details of how SARS-CoV-2 masquerades its viral messenger RNAs as cellular messenger RNAs. (accessh.org)
- NSP1, for example, has a unique and highly significant role: to block the translation of cellular RNA, yet permit translation of viral messenger RNA. (accessh.org)
Gene expression3
- Our analyses demonstrate that the length of an ARE and its registration (the first and last nucleotides of the repeating ARE motif) have significant effects on gene expression and stability. (nih.gov)
- Based on this finding, we propose improved ARE classification and concomitant methods to categorize and predict the effect of AREs on gene expression and stability. (nih.gov)
- Unusual stability of messenger RNA in snake venom reveals gene expression dynamics of venom replenishment. (lshtm.ac.uk)
Genetic2
- This study for the first time leverages transcriptional (RNA) data to expand on the genetic architecture of AMD," said Rinki Ratnapriya, Ph.D., who worked on the study as an NEI research fellow and is currently at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston. (nih.gov)
- For several years after Crick (1) first described the genetic role of RNA, this molecular entity was perceived simply as an "inert" carrier between DNA and protein. (biopharminternational.com)
Signal Transduction1
- Non-coding RNA denotes those types of RNA that have functions beyond protein coding and can influence disease by regulating cellular signal transduction pathways or the translation of other coding RNAs. (bayer.com)
RNA's1
- This protein can also bind to RNA, a chemical cousin of DNA, to ensure the RNA's stability. (medlineplus.gov)
Single-stranded2
- Transcription of single-stranded RNA from a double-stranded DNA template requires the selection of one strand of the DNA template as the template strand that directly interacts with the nascent RNA due to complementary sequence . (wikipedia.org)
- Other types of RNA include aptamers which are single-stranded and form higher-order structures, and more recently described, circular RNA (circRNA or oRNA), which appears to have multiple functions prior to and following the transcription process (4). (biopharminternational.com)
Maturation2
- RNA polyadenylation plays a central role in RNA maturation, fate, and stability. (researchgate.net)
- PGE2 cooperates with Wnt4a to promote nephron maturation by regulating β-catenin stability of RPC aggregates. (elifesciences.org)
Interacts2
- NSP1 also interacts with the host messenger RNA export receptor NXF1-NXT1 to retain cellular messenger RNAs in the nucleus. (accessh.org)
- However, their dogged dedication to gaining a better understanding of how RNA interacts with the immune system underscores the often-underappreciated importance of incremental research. (nih.gov)
Cellular2
- Messenger RNA (mRNA) polyadenylation is an essential cellular process in eukaryotes, which consists of cleavage at the 3′ end of pre-mRNA and an addition of a tract of adenosines [poly(A) tail]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Another nonstructural protein of SARS-CoV-2, NSP16, engages in nonspecific immune suppression by inhibiting the splicing of cellular RNAs, while NSP8 and NSP9 shut down signal sequencing that would warn surrounding cells. (accessh.org)
Ribonucleic acid1
- Giant-size rapidly labeled nuclear ribonucleic acid and cytoplasmic messenger ribonucleic acid in immature duck erythrocytes. (wikidata.org)
Transcripts3
- The poly(A) tail is a homopolymeric stretch of adenosine at the 3′-end of mature RNA transcripts and its length plays an important role in nuclear export, stability, and translational regulation of mRNA. (researchgate.net)
- In the case of rpoA, the stability of 2 of the 13 polycistronic rpoA transcripts that were detected in dark-grown plants was selectively increased during chloroplast development. (tamu.edu)
- In conclusion, the stability of some transcripts is selectively increased and further modulated during chloroplast development in barley. (tamu.edu)
Transcription2
- Transcription begins at an upstream site (relative to the sense strand), and as it proceeds through the region it copies the 3′-TAC-5′ from the template strand to produce 5′-AUG-3′ within a messenger RNA (mRNA). (wikipedia.org)
- The turnover of RNAs encoded by seven different barley chloroplast genes was analyzed after treatment of barley shoots with tagetitoxin, a selective inhibitor of chloroplast transcription. (tamu.edu)
RRNA1
- The stability of 16S rRNA increased markedly during chloroplast development in the dark and this increase was maintained in illuminated seedlings. (tamu.edu)
Polyadenylation1
- Polyadenylation at the 3'-end is a major regulator of messenger RNA and its length is known to affect nuclear export, stability, and translation, among others. (researchgate.net)
Nuclear3
- N 6-methyladenosine in nuclear RNA is a major substrate of the obesity-associated FTO. (nature.com)
- HNRNPA2B1 is a mediator of m 6 A-dependent nuclear RNA processing events. (nature.com)
- Loss of nuclear TDP-43 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) causes altered expression of splicing machinery and widespread dysregulation of RNA splicing in motor neurones. (medlineplus.gov)
Genes4
- Here, we find that the RNAs of pseudogenes, especially processed pseudogenes, have dramatically higher m 6 A levels than their cognate protein-coding genes, associated with de novo m 6 A peaks and motifs in human cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- A gene's bias for 'optimal' codons (i.e., its codon bias) and a gene's mRNA folding stability appear to be two such factors, though until the present work, their individual effects on protein synthesis rates have not been systematically confirmed and quantified in a large number of genes or in a natural (non-genetically engineered) system. (wwu.edu)
- Here we combined optogenetics and gene perturbation technologies to activate or knock-down RNA of target genes in programmable spatiotemporal patterns. (humantechnopole.it)
- The generation of distinct messenger RNA isoforms through alternative RNA processing modulates the expression and function of genes, often in a cell-type-specific manner. (humantechnopole.it)
Modulates1
- N 6 -methyladenosine modulates messenger RNA translation efficiency. (nature.com)
Localization4
- They can influence RNA localization and alter translation patterns. (bayer.com)
- Here we show that the p38 MAPK pathway regulates the subcellular localization and stability of TTP protein. (birmingham.ac.uk)
- Hence, continuous activity of the p38 MAPK pathway is required to maintain the phosphorylation status, cytoplasmic localization, and stability of TiP protein. (birmingham.ac.uk)
- The regulation of both subcellular localization and protein stability is dependent on MK2 and on the integrity of serines 52 and 178. (birmingham.ac.uk)
RNAi1
- RNAi against ERK2 led to a reduction in RNA polymerase II activation, and luciferase reporter assays containing GP130 promoter and messenger RNA stability experiments also suggested that ERK2 has a transcriptional role important for the regulation of gp130 protein expression. (bl.uk)
Regulation2
- N 6 -methyladenosine-dependent regulation of messenger RNA stability. (nature.com)
- Overall, these data indicate that NFAT directs signaling enzymes to gene promoters in islets, which contribute to protein-DNA complex stability and promoter regulation. (nih.gov)
Functions3
- Ribonucleoside modifications expand the metabolic and regulatory functions of RNA. (nih.gov)
- By binding to pockets in these RNA structures, SMOLs can alter the way RNA functions. (bayer.com)
- It participates in various RNA functions and plays vital roles in tissue development, stem cell formation and differentiation, heat shock response control, and circadian clock controlling, particularly during tumor development. (biomedcentral.com)
Decay2
- In addition, our results indicate nonsense-mediated messenger RNA decay as a mechanism for under-expression of CAPN3 associated to some specific variations. (nih.gov)
- Finally, to investigate the advantages of our general experimental design we examine other motifs including constitutive decay elements (CDEs), where we show that the length of the CDE stem-loop has a significant impact on steady-state expression and mRNA stability. (nih.gov)
Undergoes1
- Capping increases the stability of the messenger RNA while it undergoes translation , providing resistance to the degradative effects of exonucleases . (wikipedia.org)
Regulates1
- 17. An Evolutionarily Conserved AU-Rich Element in the 3' Untranslated Region of a Transcript Misannotated as a Long Noncoding RNA Regulates RNA Stability. (nih.gov)
Structures1
Secondary4
- end secondary si:ructure upon the measenger activity of synthetic polynucleo- tides will be considered at this time, __ The messenger activity of synthetic polynucleotides may be related to ite molecular weight. (nih.gov)
- Also, secondary structure of RNA ereatley influences its messenger activity. (nih.gov)
- It also is possible that small, localized areas of ordered structure may serve as periods in protein synthesis, ft is difficult to compare directly the messenger efficiencies of different polynucleotide prepat rations because the efficiency is modified by molecular size and secondary structure. (nih.gov)
- However, if the average chain length and secondary structure of different RNA preparations are assumed to be a = £5 approximately equal, the data of Yeble I suggest that nucleotide content may not influence greatly the overall template efficiency ef mRNA. (nih.gov)
Orna1
Eukaryotes1
- We conclude that HCF136 encodes a stability and/or assembly factor of PSII which dates back to the cyanobacterial-like endosymbiont that led to the plastids of the present photosynthetic eukaryotes. (nih.gov)
Zinc finger1
- Backbone and sidechain 1H, 15N and 13C resonance assignments of the free and RNA-bound tandem zinc finger domain of the tristetraprolin family member from Selaginella moellendorffii. (nih.gov)
Inhibit1
- As early as 1978, Zamecnik (2) described the therapeutic use of an RNA-based oligonucleotide to inhibit replication of the Rous sarcoma virus, and, today, there are approximately 16 FDA-approved RNA therapies, 28 in clinical development, and many more expected in the near future (3). (biopharminternational.com)
Translation4
- The enhancement of the translation and stability of mRNA was relatively insensitive to changes in the position of the poly(A) tail relative to the reading frame. (kent.ac.uk)
- effects on messenger RNA translation and stability. (nih.gov)
- These findings expand the repertoire of mRNA modifications to include an acetylated residue and highlight a potential role for cytidine acetylation in regulating mRNA translation and stability. (nih.gov)
- See: Energy-dependent epigenetic translation to mRNA stability (5) Five energy-dependent amino acid substitutions are linked to differences in RNA content and biodiversity in 4 mammalian species. (rna-mediated.com)
Enzymes1
Vaccines5
- Currently, the only two mRNA vaccines approved by the US Food and Drug Administration are Pfizer and BioNTech's and Moderna's COVID-19 jabs, which do not use circular RNA. (acs.org)
- Unfortunately, mRNA vaccines have to stay in cold storage until use or they lose stability. (humanize.today)
- Both CureVac and BioNTech have worked to develop the messenger RNA technology employed in their respective vaccines and potentially for other uses. (wreg.com)
- Last week, biochemist Katalin Karikó and immunologist Drew Weissman earned the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries that enabled the development of effective messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines against COVID-19. (nih.gov)
- Scientists were exploring two types of vaccines as part of this new approach: DNA vaccines and messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines. (nih.gov)
Protein synthesis3
- For each gene, we model how across-isolate changes in codon bias and in mRNA folding stability relate to the across-isolate variations in the steady-state ratio of protein level to mRNA level, our approximation of protein synthesis rate. (wwu.edu)
- 2963) to direct polylysina synthesia, Also, in yeast extract® oligo U af reovren eheota Tenetts th rattunte Sterna _ ee te ee Meee See ee eae cd ve ee ee 'ee fee " cnucleaotides may be degreded by nucleases move ropidly than polynucleotides and thus appear to be les ficient as templates for protein synthesis, RNA chain-length aust be considered when comparing template activities of different BNA fractions. (nih.gov)
- These results suggest that RNA with a high proportion of helical structure may have Little template activity for protein synthesis. (nih.gov)