• Together with Heinz Christian Pander and based on the work by Caspar Friedrich Wolff, he described the germ layer theory of development (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) as a principle in a variety of species, laying the foundation for comparative embryology in the book Über Entwickelungsgeschichte der Thiere (1828). (wikipedia.org)
  • In our most recent work we have focused on the role of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-4 in the cell fate decision between endoderm and mesoderm, demonstrating the similarity of BMP-induced hESC and EpiSC differentiation to mesoderm induction during mouse gastrulation. (qscience.com)
  • These include embryonic disc and bilaminar disc formation, epiblast lumenogenesis, polarized amniogenesis, anterior-posterior symmetry breaking, primordial germ-cell specification, polarized yolk sac with visceral and parietal endoderm formation, extra-embryonic mesoderm expansion that defines a chorionic cavity and a connecting stalk, and a trophoblast-surrounding compartment demonstrating syncytium and lacunae formation. (nature.com)
  • During gastrulation anterior endoderm (AE) provides cardiogenic signals that act on adjacent mesoderm , resulting in induction of cardiac precursors. (xenbase.org)
  • Craniofacial development is an extraordinarily complex process that requires the orchestrated integration of multiple specialized tissues, such as the surface ectoderm, neural crest, mesoderm, and pharyngeal endoderm, in order to generate the central and peripheral nervous systems, axial skeleton, musculature, and connective tissues of the head and face. (medscape.com)
  • During gastrulation, three distinct layers of cells are formed in the embryo that will later give rise to all the body's major systems: the ectoderm will make the nervous system, mesoderm the muscles, and endoderm the gut. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Our main focus is on gene regulation during the formation of mesoderm and endoderm - two basic cell types that form in the early embryo. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Cells specified as mesoderm at early stages will go on to form tissues such as blood, skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, cartilage and bone, whereas endoderm cells will form liver, lung, pancreas and gut. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • The fertilized oocyte is totipotent, with resultant blastomeres capable of generating all three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm, in addition to the extra embryonic tissues. (conditionmed.org)
  • Nodal-related proteins are a subclass of the TGF-beta superfamily which are required in all vertebrates to induce the mesoderm and endoderm, pattern all three germ layers, and establish the left-right body axis. (uga.edu)
  • At early stages, Nodal signals produced in the YSL induce the endoderm and head mesoderm. (uga.edu)
  • Time-dependent patterning of the mesoderm and endoderm by Nodal signals in zebrafish. (uga.edu)
  • Our research focuses on understanding how pluripotent mammalian stem cells maintain their undifferentiated state and undergo differentiation in culture - this reflecting my enduring interest in the emergence of diversity during mouse gastrulation. (qscience.com)
  • In recent studies we have examined the role of transforming growth factor family members in both pluripotency and differentiation. (qscience.com)
  • This work reveals the importance of BRACHYURY and CDX2 genes as key mediators of embryonic and extraembryonic lineage differentiation in hESCs and EpiSCs. (qscience.com)
  • Our focus on mesoderm leads us on to molecular pathways for early human cardiomyocyte differentiation, with a goal of understanding the transcriptional networks responsible for cardiomyocyte identity and using this to generate more homogeneous cardiomyocyte populations for therapeutic applications and drug discovery. (qscience.com)
  • The origin of mesonephros from intermediate mesoderm and the dependence of its differentiation on the nephric or Wolffian duct have been well established. (ehu.eus)
  • Thus, mesonephros is a challenging model for studies on epithelial differentiation and organogenesis, regulation of apoptosis, sex determination and stem cell differentiation. (ehu.eus)
  • In this review, we focus in the molecular and stem cell aspects in the differentiation of the mammalian mesonephros. (ehu.eus)
  • Our findings may have implications for research on liver differentiation from embryonic stem cells. (xenbase.org)
  • The BMP, Wnt and Nodal signaling requirements for the differentiation of specific mesoderm subtypes in mammals have been mapped in detail, but how FGF shapes mesodermal cell type diversity is not precisely known. (biologists.com)
  • It is also not clear how FGF signaling integrates with the activity of other signaling systems involved in mesoderm differentiation. (biologists.com)
  • During preimplantation stages, differentiation occurs between precursors of embryonic and extraembryonic structures. (medscape.com)
  • Previous experiments focused on the self differentiation of individual tissues in birds, but Waddington wanted to study induction in greater detail. (asu.edu)
  • The correct regulation of gene activation and repression is crucial both for cell types to become established during embryonic development and for on-going differentiation of stem cells in the adult. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • We use a combination of approaches to study gene regulation during cell differentiation including experimental embryology, molecular biology, genomics, proteomics and computational biology in a variety of systems including zebrafish and mammalian cells. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Role of Otx2 in Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs): Otx2 is an intrinsic determinant required to maintain the ESC metastable state by antagonizing ground state pluripotency and promoting commitment to differentiation. (cnr.it)
  • The hedgehog signaling pathway is a mechanism that regulates cell growth and differentiation during embryonic development, called embryogenesis, in animals. (asu.edu)
  • The signaling requirements for ventral dermal cell development have not been established in either the chick or the mammalian embryo. (biologists.com)
  • Embryo-like models with spatially organized morphogenesis and structure of all defining embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues of the post-implantation human conceptus (that is, the embryonic disc, the bilaminar disc, the yolk sac, the chorionic sac and the surrounding trophoblast layer) remain lacking 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
  • Mouse naive embryonic stem cells have recently been shown to give rise to embryonic and extra-embryonic stem cells capable of self-assembling into post-gastrulation structured stem-cell-based embryo models with spatially organized morphogenesis (called SEMs) 3 . (nature.com)
  • For example, mesoderm determinants are activated in the anterior third of the embryo, whereas neurogenic genes are expressed in central regions. (sdbonline.org)
  • The limit to these studies had been the amount of time an embryo could be successfully cultivated ex vivo. (asu.edu)
  • Simultaneously, on the dorsal side of the embryo, axial and paraxial mesoderm tissues undergo convergent extension which elongates the anterior-posterior axis and aids blastopore closure. (nature.com)
  • As a result, researchers can now better study what happens just after an embryo implants in the womb. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Vincent Pasque's team at KU Leuven has developed the first model for a specific type of human embryo cells, extraembryonic mesoderm cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The Rice lab employs a unique experimental system mimicking growth in confined spaces that allows human embryonic stem cells to divide and differentiate, but in a controlled shape similar to that of the embryo. (medicallyprime.com)
  • Much of this process relies on the morphogenesis of the extra-embryonic tissues and the effect this has on the organization of embryonic cells. (nature.com)
  • They also found that the genes functioned in the posterior fin mesoderm, the tissues associated with polarizing activities. (asu.edu)
  • While many studies have demonstrated the importance of cTEC and mTEC during T-cell development, thymic stromal microenvironments also contain heterogenous non-epithelial stromal (NES) populations in a similar manner to that seen in peripheral lymphoid tissues. (frontiersin.org)
  • Nodal signals mediate interactions between the extra-embryonic and embryonic tissues in zebrafish. (uga.edu)
  • These studies led to our discovery of a novel type of pluripotent epiblast stem cell (EpiSC) from the late epiblast layer of mouse and rat embryos. (qscience.com)
  • Such human fully integrated and complete SEMs recapitulate the organization of nearly all known lineages and compartments of post-implantation human embryos, including the epiblast, the hypoblast, the extra-embryonic mesoderm and the trophoblast layer surrounding the latter compartments. (nature.com)
  • Most findings on liver specification were derived from mouse explant studies as well as experiments with Xenopus and zebrafish embryos. (xenbase.org)
  • When nonhuman mammalian development is compared with human development, the study subjects must be compared at the same developmental stage (fetal, perinatal, postnatal) When collected appropriately, data from experimental studies of nonhuman mammalian embryos elucidate important aspects of human facial development. (medscape.com)
  • This study also provided evidence that cilia-driven leftward flow is indispensable for the determination of laterality in rabbit embryos. (studylibde.com)
  • My laboratory studies the molecular and cellular basis of pattern formation in vertebrate embryos. (uga.edu)
  • The open-access paper in eLife details the activities of two signaling pathways, Nodal and BMP4, in experimental models of early mammalian embryos. (medicallyprime.com)
  • The type I target gene folded gastrulation is activated only in response to peak levels of the Dl gradient, so that expression is restricted to a subdomain of the presumptive mesoderm. (sdbonline.org)
  • Gastrulation is a key event in animal embryogenesis during which germ layer precursors are rearranged and the embryonic axes are established. (nature.com)
  • Here, we show that in Xenopus, Fry plays a role in morphogenetic processes during gastrulation, in addition to its previously described function in the regulation of dorsal mesoderm gene expression. (nature.com)
  • Loss of Fry function drastically affects the movement and morphological polarization of cells during gastrulation and disrupts dorsal mesoderm convergent extension, responsible for head-to-tail elongation. (nature.com)
  • At the beginning of Xenopus gastrulation, the presumptive anterior mesoderm cells located at the dorsal marginal zone (DMZ) roll inward at the midline of the blastopore lip in a process called involution. (nature.com)
  • Beauty and the development finds embryonic-extraembryonic as it is this middle, with Villeneuve's stage Completing completed as a Aircraft PMA for enthusiasts and Beaumont ruptures seeing obligated as a entire contribution for posts. (need4speed.com)
  • That is why scientists have already developed stem cell models for various types of embryonic and extraembryonic cells to study human development in a dish. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In fact, the model has already enabled us to find out where extraembryonic mesoderm cells come from. (sciencedaily.com)
  • To lay the foundation for genetic studies of anterior segment development, we have described the morphogenesis of this structure in zebrafish. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cumulatively, our anatomical findings provide a reference point to utilize zebrafish for genetic studies into the mechanisms of development and maintenance of the anterior segment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In zebrafish, the extra-embryonic yolk syncytial layer (YSL) is a dynamic source of patterning signals. (uga.edu)
  • In a collaborative project with the Gaertig lab, our goal is to understand how structural asymmetry is established within the cilia, and how this translates into directional motility essential for embryonic development in zebrafish. (uga.edu)
  • The expression of distorted DNA-binding factors was studied in developing zebrafish using UV-damaged DNA as the binding target. (ncl.edu.tw)
  • Embryonic precursors of liver and heart , whilst not sharing cellular origin, develop in close proximity through a dynamic series of inductive signaling events. (xenbase.org)
  • Two studies have emerged from UNSW researchers in this area that shine new light on not only how the precursors to blood stem cells occur in animals and humans, but how they may be induced artificially. (veterinarian.news)
  • In a study published today in Cell Reports, researchers from UNSW School of Biomedical Engineering demonstrated how a simulation of an embryo's beating heart using a microfluidic device in the lab led to the development of human blood stem cell "precursors," which are stem cells on the verge of becoming blood stem cells. (veterinarian.news)
  • My work over the past ten years has centered on pluripotent stem cells (PSCs, which include embryonic and pluripotent stem cells), which can generate any of the hundreds of diverse cell types in the body. (stanford.edu)
  • These cells originate from the paraxial mesoderm and migrate into the facial primordia. (medscape.com)
  • Targeted genetic mutations, gene knockout and overexpression studies have significantly contributed to our understanding of the pathways involved in apoptotic processes. (pharna.com)
  • The answer was clearly "no" for one of the highly related pathways they studied - and, surprisingly, "yes" for the other. (medicallyprime.com)
  • The 5-HT neurotransmitter regulates important pathways of mammalian metabolism and is synthesized from the phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan amino acids 5 . (bvsalud.org)
  • von Baer studied the embryonic development of animals, discovering the blastula stage of development and the notochord. (wikipedia.org)
  • We are studying the role that normal chromatin structure plays in gene regulation in hematopoietic cells and how its disruption leads to altered development and cancer. (stanford.edu)
  • During development, cells from diverse embryonic lineages interact to form the anterior segment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The structures of the anterior segment arise from diverse embryonic lineages and there is exquisite coordination among the different compartments during development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The ability to study human post-implantation development remains limited owing to ethical and technical challenges associated with intrauterine development after implantation 1 . (nature.com)
  • Mesonephros is a vestige, transient renal organ that functions only during embryonic development. (ehu.eus)
  • Recently, upon the more profound understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of the permanent mammalian kidney, some light has been shed over the molecular events taking place during the mesonephric development as well. (ehu.eus)
  • At the early stages of embryonic development, the vertebrate face has a common plan. (medscape.com)
  • Scientists from the University of Cambridge, in collaboration with the Hubrecht Institute in The Netherlands, have developed a new model to study an early stage of human development using human embryonic stem cells. (scitechdaily.com)
  • This is a hugely exciting new model system, which will allow us to reveal and probe the processes of early human embryonic development in the lab for the first time. (scitechdaily.com)
  • We are very excited because now we can study processes that normally remain inaccessible during development. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In this study, we identified both temporal and localization changes in expression of DmFKBP12, a translational and transcriptional regulator of Drosophila RyR (DmRyR) and FKBP12, through embryonic development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is only through understanding embryonic metabolism and development that we can derive and maintain different in vitro stem cell states for disease modeling and therapies. (conditionmed.org)
  • In early experiments, physical separation of mesenchymal and epithelial stroma from embryonic murine thymus resulted in defective thymus development when epithelium was cultured in vitro in the absence of mesenchyme ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Regulation of gene expression at the beginning of mammalian development and the TEAD family of transcription factors. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Part of the problem is that we still don't fully understand all the processes going on in the microenvironment during embryonic development that leads to the creation of blood stem cells at about day 32 in the embryonic development," Dr. Li said. (veterinarian.news)
  • Subsequently, the offspring of these animals was subdivided into subgroups according to age of tooth germ development to be studied: 1 and 5 days of life. (bvsalud.org)
  • Fluoxetine, at the doses administered during pregnancy in this study, did not alter the morphological development of the coronal dentin-pulp complex in their offspring. (bvsalud.org)
  • Several drugs cross the placental barrier and some have teratogenic effects on the fetus, which may cause dysfunction and disorders during embryonic development, particularly during the first three months of intrauterine life 2 . (bvsalud.org)
  • We are studying the effects and consequences of protein fusion on the transcriptional and transforming activities of these proteins using in vitro and animal models. (stanford.edu)
  • The Dl and Twist proteins appear to make synergistic contact with the basal transcription complex, so that snail is activated throughout the presumptive mesoderm in response to both peak and high levels of the Dl gradient. (sdbonline.org)
  • The rabbit develops via a flat blastodisc phase representing the archetypical mode of mammalian embryogenesis. (studylibde.com)
  • As with TEC, our understanding of NES has been improved through the phenotypic identification of new subpopulations, such studies on thymic mesenchyme and endothelium have provided new and important insight into their complexity and functional importance. (frontiersin.org)
  • These findings were confirmed in later studies in which removal of mesenchyme from embryonic day 12 murine thymic lobes impaired thymus growth in vitro ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The anatomy, position and even cellular fate of the mesonephric kidney varies drastically among mammalian species. (ehu.eus)
  • First, it serves as an embryonic secretory organ, in some mammalian species more so than in others. (ehu.eus)
  • The PNC is homologous to superficial mesoderm derived structures of other species like the gastrocoel roof plate (GRP) in frog and Kupffer's vesicle (KV) in fish. (studylibde.com)
  • We have discovered that an atypical T-box containing transcription factor homologous to the mammalian Max-gene associated (Mga) protein is at the center of a complex regulatory network in the YSL. (uga.edu)
  • 3 More recent studies have shown that epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of DN. (emjreviews.com)
  • These specific advantages of the rabbit were employed in this study to further examine the role of two central determinants of laterality, namely Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and FGF8, and also extended by the design of a new in vitro culture technique. (studylibde.com)
  • The mammalian cell cycle typically completes in 24 hours, where dramatic changes occur in cellular metabolism and cytoskeletal physiology. (janechin.net)
  • After treatment with chemical signals, the gastruloids were seen to lengthen along a head to tail axis, known as the anteroposterior axis, turning on genes in specific patterns along this axis that reflect elements of a mammalian body plan. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Here we extend those findings to humans using only genetically unmodified human naive embryonic stem cells (cultured in human enhanced naive stem cell medium conditions) 4 . (nature.com)
  • Arguably, the most recognized and well-studied stromal populations in thymus biology are thymic epithelial cells (TEC) within the cortical and medullary areas, which are defined by their anatomical separation and function. (frontiersin.org)
  • We employ a variety of experimental systems for our studies ranging from molecular biology to transgenic and knockout mice. (stanford.edu)
  • Overall Project Objective: The experimental study and further mathematical modeling of the microbial heat resistance, as a result of exposure to acids, (extra)cellular metabolites, molecular chaperones and immobilization (in a solid model system). (imperial.ac.uk)
  • The gene, and its paralogues, have become a well-studied model for the family, and hence much of what is known about the T-box family is derived from the murine Brachyury gene. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • In this study, we demonstrate that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is necessary for the survival of early ventral dermal progenitors. (biologists.com)
  • Published on June 11, 2020, in the journal Nature , the report describes a method of using human embryonic stem cells to generate a three-dimensional assembly of cells, called gastruloids, which differentiate into three layers organized in a manner that resembles the early human body plan. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Until the early 1990s, researchers studied the hh gene (the abbreviation for the hedgehog gene) in the Drosophila hedgehog pathway. (asu.edu)
  • Taken together, these studies should significantly accelerate the progression from basic stem cell research to clinical applications. (qscience.com)
  • Biomedical engineers and medical researchers at UNSW Sydney have independently made discoveries about embryonic blood stem cell creation that could one day eliminate the need for blood stem cell donors. (veterinarian.news)
  • In the study detailed in Cell Reports, lead author Dr. Jingjing Li and fellow researchers described how a 3 cm x 3 cm microfluidic system pumped blood stem cells produced from an embryonic stem cell line to mimic an embryo's beating heart and conditions of blood circulation. (veterinarian.news)
  • Our studies have demonstrated that several of the proteins encoded by cellular oncogenes function in fundamental aspects of gene regulation. (stanford.edu)
  • During this time, he studied the physiology of S-acylation the regulation of skeletal muscle energy expenditure by an obesity-associated phospholipase as part of two research placements. (bsdb.org)
  • The mammalian cell is furnished with receptors linked to interactive series of cytoplasmic networks for controlling cellular processes. (janechin.net)
  • It's exciting to witness the developmental processes that until now have been hidden from view - and from study. (scitechdaily.com)
  • The ventral midline arises from the mesoderm, which is derived from the ventral-most regions of the neuroectoderm. (sdbonline.org)
  • The researchers judged the equivalent human embryonic age of the gastruloids by comparing them to the Carnegie Collection of Embryology. (scitechdaily.com)
  • The researchers are cautiously optimistic about their achievement in emulating embryonic heart conditions with a mechanical device. (veterinarian.news)
  • Subsequently cardiogenic mesoderm generates a FGF signal that acts on adjacent AE to induce foregut organ specification. (xenbase.org)
  • To make gastruloids in the lab, defined numbers of human embryonic stem cells were placed in small wells, where they formed tight aggregates. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Moris added: "Our system is a first step towards modeling the emergence of the human body plan, and could prove useful for studying what happens when things go wrong, such as in birth defects. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Mar. 15, 2022 Fusing human retinal cells with adult stem cells could be a potential therapeutic strategy to treat retinal damage and visual impairment, according to the findings of a new study. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The MC-813-70 antibody reacts with stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4), a glycolipid carbohydrate antigen expressed on the surface of human embryonal carcinoma (EC), embryonic germ (EG), undifferentiated embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, a subset of mesenchymal stem cells, and rhesus monkey ES cell lines. (stemcell.com)
  • Comparative biochemical studies of rapamycin and wortmannin on transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1)-mediated G(1)-S cell cycle progression in C3H-10T1/2 embryonic fibroblasts. (janechin.net)
  • Further study on the differences between mammalian RyR-FKBP12 and Drosophila DmRyR-FKBP12 can be exploited to develop safe pesticides. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We and others have synthesized light-activatable cMOs that allow spatiotemporal control of RNA splicing or translation, complementing the use of conditional knockouts to study stage- and tissue-specific differences in gene function. (cdc.gov)
  • The mammalian cell cycle is stringently regulated and orderly process by which a cell reproduces. (janechin.net)