Mesoderm mesenchyme differentiation of cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

The kidney derives from the nephric ridge of the intermediate mesoderm where the pronephric duct elongates to form the Wolffian duct, which in turn gives rise to the ureteric bud and sets the stage for condensation of metanephric mesenchyme and mesynchemal-to-epithelial cell transition. (nih.gov)
In response to signals arising from the ureteric bud, the metanephric mesenchyme (MM) surrounding the UB condense around the tips of nascent ureteric branches to form the cap mesemchyme (CM). The CM, which is observed to a self-renewing progenitor cell population, starts undergoing a progressive mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) that leads to the formation of an epithelial renal vesicle (RV). (mechanobio.info)
The mammalian nephric system is one of the most complex organ systems to be formed during embryogenesis and involves the interdependent development of two major components: the ureteric bud and the metanephric mesenchyme. (mechanobio.info)
The formation of the adult kidney starts off with the sprouting up of a pair of epithelial buds, called ureteric buds, from the nephric or the Wolffian duct in response to signals from the metanephric mesenchyme. (mechanobio.info)
The embryonic kidney consists of the metanephric mesenchyme and ureteric buds. (j-organoid.org)
On day E10.5 of murine development, the metanephric mesenchyme secretes glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). (j-organoid.org)
The SIX homeobox 2 ( Six2 )-positive cap mesenchyme is formed by the surrounding metanephric mesenchyme adjacent to the tips of the branching ureteric bud. (j-organoid.org)
Meanwhile, the ureteric bud secretes Wnt-9b and fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9), which differentiate the metanephric mesenchyme into pretubular aggregates. (j-organoid.org)
The formation of GDNF in the metanephric mesenchyme is regulated by WT-1 . (clinicalgate.com)
When the nephric duct reaches the level of the developing hind limb, it gives rise to a caudal diverticulum, the ureteric bud that invades the metanephric mesenchyme in week 4 of human development. (medscape.com)

Further evidence shows that disruption of the ID3 gene impacts neuronal differentiation and proper vascularization in the embryo. (pathfertility.com)
10. Respective contribution of the cephalic neural crest and mesoderm to SIX1-expressing head territories in the avian embryo. (nih.gov)
Logan, C. Y., Miller, J. R., Ferkowicz, M. J. & McClay, D. R. Nuclear β-catenin is required to specify vegetal cell fates in the sea urchin embryo. (nature.com)
The complex processes of initiating CELL DIFFERENTIATION in the embryo. (lookformedical.com)
With her research, Platt challenged then current theories about germ layers, the types of cells in an early embryo that develop into adult cells. (asu.edu)
Somites are blocks of mesoderm that are located on either side of the neural tube in the developing vertebrate embryo. (asu.edu)
These can function to establish axes for differentiation in the embryo, or to perform barrier and transport roles in adult organs such as the kidney. (nature.com)
Thus formed, the blastocyst consists of two layers of cells, an inner layer termed the embryoblast that becomes the embryo and an outer layer termed the trophoblasts that forms the embryonic part of the placenta. (medscape.com)
We use the mouse embryo and human induced pluripotent stem cells as models of human development. (colorado.edu)
The urogenital system is predominantly derived from the intermediate mesoderm of the early embryo. (medscape.com)
[ 2 ] The intermediate mesoderm undergoes epithelial transformation to form the nephric (Wolffian) duct, which extends rostrocaudally in the embryo, adjacent to a tract of mesoderm (the nephrogenic cord). (medscape.com)

and in Duval's figures 184 to 188 on plate 12.2, As the chick grows larger this double sheet of cells forms a plexus with wide inter- spaces in the network where the mesoderm is entirely lacking leaving nothing but ectoderm and endoderm. (nih.gov)
Ectoderm, Endoderm, and Mesoderm. (medicscenter.com)
Each arch consists of 3 layers: an outer covering of ectoderm, an inner covering of endoderm, and a middle core of mesenchyme. (medscape.com)
To consider the 'hand' example again, all of the cells in your hand come from either mesoderm or ectoderm, but to produce distinct cell types may require very different signals and thus not be possible in a single in-vitro culture. (eurostemcell.org)
Skin is composed of two layers: an outer epidermis, which originates from ectoderm and a deeper layer, the dermis, which is a derivative of mesenchyme. (veteriankey.com)
The skin consists of two layers: a superficial layer, the epidermis, which is derived from ectoderm, and a deeper layer, the dermis, which develops from mesenchyme. (veteriankey.com)
A. Ectoderm composed of a single layer of cells with underlying mesenchyme. (veteriankey.com)
Second, goosecoid was identified as a central player in a regulatory sub-circuit controlling mouth formation, while tbx2/3 emerged as a critical factor for differentiation of the dorsal ectoderm . (echinobase.org)

Cross talk between endoderm and mesoderm plays an important role in specifying different components of the gut. (nih.gov)
Separation of endoderm and mesoderm regulatory states. (nature.com)
endoderm and mesoderm, which are very frequent in the normal chick. (nih.gov)

Whole-mount in situ hybridization of Capsulin transcripts were used to define sites of expression, which showed to be specific to mesodermal precursor cells that surround the epithelium of the developing gastrointestinal, genitourinary and respiratory systems during mouse embryogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
Its restricted expression pattern and DNA binding activity identified Capsulin as a regulator of gene expression in specific subtypes of visceral mesodermal cells involved in organogenesis and in precursor cells that contribute to the pericardium, coronary arteries and regions of the heart. (wikipedia.org)
Activation of the mesenchymal cells of the lateral mesodermal plate causes an outgrowth of the limb buds, which become visible as outpocketings from the ventrolateral body wall. (cdc.gov)
Studies of mice with disrupted FOXF1 show that embryos die at mid-gestation due to defects in mesodermal differentiation and cell adhesion. (pathfertility.com)
2. Tbx6-dependent Sox2 regulation determines neural or mesodermal fate in axial stem cells. (nih.gov)
8. In vitro modeling of paraxial mesodermal progenitors derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. (nih.gov)
11. The nephric mesenchyme lineage of intermediate mesoderm is derived from Tbx6-expressing derivatives of neuro-mesodermal progenitors via BMP-dependent Osr1 function. (nih.gov)
14. Paraxial mesodermal progenitors derived from mouse embryonic stem cells contribute to muscle regeneration via differentiation into muscle satellite cells. (nih.gov)
19. Mesodermal origin of median fin mesenchyme and tail muscle in amphibian larvae. (nih.gov)
The control system initiates non-interacting endodermal and mesodermal gene regulatory networks in veg2-derived cells and extinguishes the endodermal gene regulatory network in mesodermal precursors. (nature.com)
Different cell-intrinsic and extrinsic factors direct the specification of early mesodermal progenitor cells towards hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), which arise in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region, mature in the fetal liver and finally home and reside in the bone marrow. (haematologica.org)
The endocardial and myocardial cells originate from populations of mesodermal cells that migrate from the midbrain-hindbrain boundary to form the linear heart tube [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The name of this heterogeneous population of cells has varied over the years, spanning Marrow Stromal Cells, Multipotent Stromal Cells, Mesodermal Stem Cells, Mesenchymal Stromal Cell, and most recently, Medicinal Signaling Cells (Caplan, 2017). (massgeneral.org)

The appendicular skeleton develops from the lateral plate mesoderm (split into paraxial and somatic). (cdc.gov)
Mesenchyme derived from the myotomes of the paraxial mesoderm forms the muscular component [ Moore and Persaud, 2008 ]. (cdc.gov)
1. Hepatic leukemia factor-expressing paraxial mesoderm cells contribute to the developing brain vasculature. (nih.gov)
5. miRNAs as cell fate determinants of lateral and paraxial mesoderm differentiation from embryonic stem cells. (nih.gov)
13. Inverse agonism of retinoic acid receptors directs epiblast cells into the paraxial mesoderm lineage. (nih.gov)
16. Functional dissection of Pax3 in paraxial mesoderm development and myogenesis. (nih.gov)
17. Specification and segmentation of the paraxial mesoderm. (nih.gov)
The musculoskeletal system associated with the trunk develops from paraxial and lateral plate (somatic layer) mesoderm. (medscape.com)
4, 5] The paraxial mesoderm in the trunk is transiently organized into approximately 40 segmental tissue blocks alongside the neural tube, known as somites, the cells of which segregate into 2 subpopulations. (medscape.com)
The ribs are also derived from sclerotomic cells of the paraxial mesoderm. (medscape.com)
Somites derive from PARAXIAL MESODERM and continue to increase in number during ORGANOGENESIS. (lookformedical.com)
For instance, sutures derived from cranial neural crest include metopic sutures and sagittal sutures, while coronal sutures derived from paraxial mesoderm and the developmental origin of the lambdoid sutures remains unknown [ 1 ] [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

This inhibition resulted in decreased mesenchymal cell condensation around the ureteric bud and a significant decrease in ureteric branching. (wikipedia.org)
This intermediate mesoderm then divides into the posterior nascent mesoderm (E8.5), arising from the posterior intermediate mesoderm, and the anterior intermediate mesoderm (E8.5), which gives rise to the ureteric bud generated from the Wolffian duct progenitor (E9.5) [ 2 , 3 ]. (j-organoid.org)
The anterior intermediate mesoderm, which expresses LIM homeobox 1 ( Lhx1 ) and paired box gene 2 ( Pax2 ), develops into the ureteric bud lineage, which forms the ureteric epithelium through branching and growth. (j-organoid.org)
The cap mesenchyme secretes Wingless family member 11 (Wnt-11), which promotes ureteric bud differentiation. (j-organoid.org)
The posterior location of the ureteric bud results from a combination of repression of GDNF expression in the more anterior regions by the actions of Slit-2/Robo-2 in the mesenchyme and Sprouty , which reduces the sensitivity of the anterior mesonephric duct to the action of GDNF. (clinicalgate.com)
Bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP ) signaling in the surrounding mesoderm is also inhibitory to outgrowth of the ureteric bud, but within the metanephrogenic blastema its action is counteracted by the BMP-inhibitory actions of gremlin , which is produced within the blastema itself. (clinicalgate.com)

7 Among others, interleukin-3 (IL-3), formerly known as multi colony stimulating factor, has been implicated in survival, proliferation, and differentiation of HSC and hematopoietic progenitor populations. (haematologica.org)
During the second week, a rapid proliferation and differentiation of the trophoblasts occurs. (medscape.com)

or differentiate when the stem cells differentiate into them. (feeddigest.com)
The plexus of angioblasts increases both by the division and the growth of its cells and by the constant addition of new angioblasts which differentiate from the mesoderm. (nih.gov)
They specify the body plan ensuring that cells will proceed to differentiate, grow, and diversify in size and shape at the correct relative positions. (lookformedical.com)
These mesenchymal cells, called epicardium-derived cells (EPDCs), are important for normal heart maturation and have been shown to differentiate into interstitial cardiac fibroblasts, coronary vascular smooth muscle cells, and adventitial fibroblasts. (biomedcentral.com)
Somites are precursor populations of cells that give rise to important structures associated with the vertebrate body plan and will eventually differentiate into dermis, skeletal muscle, cartilage, tendons, and vertebrae. (asu.edu)
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are capable of extensive self-renewal and can differentiate into diverse somatic cell types and tissues. (nature.com)
The MSCs and osteoprogenitors residing along the OFs keep proliferating, subsequently differentiate into osteoblasts, and contribute to the new bone formation through intramembranous ossification [ 4 ] [ 5 ] , which happens with a direct differentiation into osteoblasts from MSCs and/or osteogenic precursors without assuming a chondrogenic fate. (encyclopedia.pub)

Key research issues to be addressed will be (1) how the developing endoderm gives rise to heterogeneous populations of cells in these developing and adult tissues, and (2) the molecular characterization of stem cells and their immediate descendants. (nih.gov)
The addition of staurosporine to differentiating mouse EPL resulted in preferential formation of mesendoderm and mesoderm populations, and inhibited the formation of neurectoderm. (cellgs.com)
this gives rise to the cap mesenchyme and interstitial stroma populations ( Fig. 1 ) [ 4 - 6 ]. (j-organoid.org)
GSK3β inhibition differentiates spheroids into segmented, nephron-like kidney organoids containing cell populations with characteristics of proximal tubules, podocytes and endothelium. (nature.com)
The first utilises existing organ structures from donated organs to which cultured cells are added (re-cellularised organs) and the second, cells allowed to self-organise as mixed cell populations lay down their own scaffolds, somewhat disorganised compared to organs in the body (organoids). (eurostemcell.org)

In the limb bud, mesenchyme, derived from the somatic layer of the lateral plate mesoderm is the source of the skeletal components that will form the bones and connective tissues of the limb. (cdc.gov)
The FOXF1 gene is expressed in extra-embryonic, lateral plate mesoderm, and splanchnic mesenchyme surrounding the gut and its derivatives. (pathfertility.com)
In this study, we characterize, in zebrafish embryos, the pancreatic lateral plate mesoderm, which is located adjacent to the ventral pancreatic bud and is essential for its specification and growth. (biologists.com)
We firstly show that the endoderm, by expressing the fgf24 gene at early stages, triggers the patterning of the pancreatic lateral plate mesoderm. (biologists.com)
Cells in the lateral subdivision of a sclerotome also organize into condensed and loosely arranged groups, but their position is somewhat offset from similar areas in the ventral subdivision. (medscape.com)

The metanephros originates from the intermediate mesoderm, which expresses odd-skipped related transcription factor 1 ( Osr1 ). (j-organoid.org)
The molecular response by the intermediate mesoderm is the expression of the transcription factors Pax-2 and Pax-8 , which then induce Lim-1 (Lhx-1) in the intermediate mesoderm. (clinicalgate.com)
Lim-1 is required for the aggregation of the mesenchymal cells of the intermediate mesoderm into the primary nephric ducts. (clinicalgate.com)

GATA2 is one of six genes in the GATA family, and is considered the master regulator of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and progenitor cells (HPC). (pathfertility.com)
This allows flexibility in experimental design for determining the role that target genes/signaling pathways in specific cell types may have on epicardial cell migration. (biomedcentral.com)
Recently, we have focused on the role of Shh/Gli3 and 5'Hoxd genes in regulating several aspects of limb development, including early digit patterning, as well as condensation and differentiation of cartilage precursors during final morphogenesis of the limb skeleton. (nih.gov)
To directly test this model of Shh function, we have restored cell survival in Shh mutant embryos after transient Shh expression by concomitant removal of the pro-apoptotic genes Bak/Bax to intercept cell death, in order to rescue the proposed late Shh role. (nih.gov)
PLZF controls cell proliferation and apoptosis through transrepression of Hox genes. (colorado.edu)

It is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues and cell types and highly significantly expressed in lung and placenta. (wikipedia.org)
RNA in situ hybridization using 33P-labeled riboprobes was used to identify the cell types that expressed Pod-1 in the developing kidney and other tissues. (wikipedia.org)
Liposarcoma is a rare cancer of connective tissues that resemble fat cells under a microscope. (sarcomahelp.org)
The TCF21 product is mesoderm specific, and expressed in embryonic epicardium, mesenchyme-derived tissues of lung, gut, gonad, and both mesenchymal and glomerular epithelial cells in the kidney. (nih.gov)
2] The development of musculoskeletal structures associated with the trunk of the human body is a multistep process involving differential gene expression as well as cell interactions and cell signaling between precursor tissues. (medscape.com)
Mesenchyme directly gives rise to most of the body's connective tissues, from bones and cartilage to the lymphatic and circulatory systems. (asu.edu)
In contrast, stem cells in adult tissues , such as lung, gut, and skin, do not have the potential to contribute to distinct tissue types, but rather they locally replenish cells of the same tissue type. (massgeneral.org)
The mesenchyme is a tissue derived from the embryonic mesoderm that eventually gives rise to the skeleton and connective tissues, including the blood system. (massgeneral.org)
Mesenchymal stromal cells are cells found in connective tissues that, like adult stem cells, have a limited capacity for differentiating into related mesoderm-derived tissues, such as cartilage, bone, and fat. (massgeneral.org)
And when combined with 'organoid' and 'decellularisation' technologies, stem cell research is pioneering new ways to regenerate, repair or replace damaged organs and tissues that could revolutionize the field of organ transplantation. (eurostemcell.org)
An organoid is a miniature, self-organized, three-dimensional (3D) structure composed of tissues derived from various sources including tissues and stem cells. (j-organoid.org)

15. Time-dependent Pax3-mediated chromatin remodeling and cooperation with Six4 and Tead2 specify the skeletal myogenic lineage in developing mesoderm. (nih.gov)
The commitment and differentiation of the alveolar type I (AT1) cell lineage is a critical step for the formation of distal lung saccules, which are the primitive alveolar units required for postnatal respiration. (nih.gov)
We demonstrate that inhibition of Wnt signaling causes defective AT1 cell lineage differentiation ex vivo. (nih.gov)
Staurosporine has the ability to influence lineage choice during pluripotent cells differentiation. (cellgs.com)
Using the mouse soft palate as a model, we performed an unbiased single-cell RNA-seq analysis to investigate the heterogeneity and lineage commitment of CNC derivatives during craniofacial muscle development. (elifesciences.org)
During development, the transitioning of epithelial cells to a mesenchymal lineage is not an irreversible process. (mechanobio.info)
Instead, a number of developmental programs are accompanied by a reversal of EMT, during which the mesenchyme gets dedifferentiated into the epithelial lineage through a series of molecular events, known as mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET). (mechanobio.info)
Conventional epithelial cell lines, however, are lineage-restricted and lack genetic diversity. (nature.com)
Suture mesenchymal stem cells (SuSCs), a heterogeneous stem cell population, belong to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or skeletal stem cells (SSCs), with the ability to self-renew and undergo multi-lineage differentiation. (encyclopedia.pub)
After the 2000s, organoids have been regarded as 3D structures growing from stem cells and consisting of organ-specific cell types that self-organize with spatially restricted lineage commitment [ 4 ]. (j-organoid.org)

COUP-TFII interacts with Runx2 to repress Runx2 transcriptional activity in mesenchymal cell. (guidetopharmacology.org)
This involves morphological changes such as cell polarization and establishment of cell-cell contacts, which are accompanied by changes in the activities of several transcriptional factors that regulate the expression levels of epithelial vs mesenchymal cell markers and signaling molecules. (mechanobio.info)

Mechanistically, Id proteins specify cardiac cell fate by repressing two inhibitors of cardiogenic mesoderm formation- Tcf3 and Foxa2 -and activating inducers Evx1 , Grrp1, and Mesp1 . (xenbase.org)
A) Schematic of screening strategy to identify new regulators of cardiogenic mesoderm differentiation. (xenbase.org)
B,C) Immunostaining of Kdr-eGFP (cardiogenic mesoderm) and Alexa fuor568-Foxa2 (endoderm) showing increased mesoderm differentiation in response to siAcvr1b as compared with siControl at day 6 of differentiation. (xenbase.org)
F) siRNAscreen of the 14 candidates fromE to evaluate their requirement for cardiogenic mesoderm formation induced by siAcvr1b. (xenbase.org)
siGrrp1, siEvx1, and siId1 strongly repressed siAcvr1b-induced cardiogenic mesoderm. (xenbase.org)
K) qRT-PCR results showing that siGrrp1, siEvx1, and siId1 markedly repress cardiogenic mesoderm-specific marker (Kdr, Mesp1, Snai1, and Cdh11) expression. (xenbase.org)

4. Interactions and fates of avian craniofacial mesenchyme. (nih.gov)
Involved in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in kidney and lung morphogenesis that include epithelial differentiation and branching morphogenesis. (nih.gov)
Cranial neural crest (CNC) cells give rise to bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments of the vertebrate craniofacial musculoskeletal complex, as well as regulate mesoderm-derived craniofacial muscle development through cell-cell interactions. (elifesciences.org)
Collectively, our findings highlight the roles of Runx2, Twist1, and their interaction in regulating the fate of CNC-derived cells as they guide craniofacial muscle development through cell-cell interactions. (elifesciences.org)
Recently, CNC cells have been shown to regulate formation of mesoderm-derived craniofacial muscles through cell-cell interactions. (elifesciences.org)
The precise regulation by cell interactions leads to diversity of cell types and specific pattern of organization (EMBRYOGENESIS). (lookformedical.com)
3-5 The emergence of hematopoietic cells from the HE (also referred to as endothelial to hematopoietic transition [EHT]), is controlled by distinct cell-intrinsic signals mediated by transcription factor (TF) activation, as well as important cell-extrinsic factors such as cell-cell interactions, extracellular matrix molecules, and cytokines. (haematologica.org)
In vitro approaches heretofore have been limited to monolayer epicardial cell cultures, which may not fully capture the complex interactions that can occur between epicardial and myocardial cells in vivo . (biomedcentral.com)
A third theme comprises the dependence of differentiation and the maintenance of many structures in the urogenital system on epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. (clinicalgate.com)
After lifting, mzOPCs developed into different 3D multiocular organoids composed of multiple cell lineages including RPE, retina, and cornea, and interactions between the different cell types and regions of the eye system were observed. (biomedcentral.com)

This suggests that the same transcription factors and signaling pathways could activate cell-type-specific responses in multiple components of the musculoskeletal complex that may help coordinate the development of this intricate system. (elifesciences.org)
It is an integral part of many stem cell differentiation pathways, including lung tissue, (6), adipogenesis (7) and osteogenesis (8, 9). (bio-techne.com)
The Notch signaling pathways spans two cells, and consists of receptor proteins, which cross one cell's membrane and interacts with proteins on adjacent cells, called ligands. (asu.edu)
Studies of epithelial cell lines such as Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells have, for instance, revealed polarity and apoptosis pathways contributing mechanistically to lumen formation 1 . (nature.com)
The signalling pathways determining stratification and differentiation of the skin have been identified through murine knockout studies. (veteriankey.com)

In an effort to identify novel bHLH factors related to dHAND and eHAND (a novel subclass of cell type-restricted bHLH factors shown to play important roles in cardiac morphogenesis), they screened expressed sequence tag (EST) databases for sequences with homology to the bHLH regions of these factors. (wikipedia.org)
The overarching goal of the Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neurovascular Research, led by Dr. Yosuke Mukoyama (Yoh‐suke Mukouyama in PubMed), is to uncover the molecular control of the morphologic processes underlying the branching morphogenesis and patterning of the vascular and nervous systems. (nih.gov)
Congenital heart disease, which affects between 0.4-5 % of live births, is often due to defective cardiac morphogenesis involving problems with cardiac progenitor cells [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling plays key roles in stem cell maintenance, developmental morphogenesis, and cancer pathogenesis. (nih.gov)
These results suggested dual Shh roles that can be uncoupled: a transient role in directing cell fate and morphogenesis, and a sustained role in promoting growth. (nih.gov)
Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture in vitro is a powerful tool for investigating epithelial morphogenesis, physiology and disease, being readily accessible to microscopic inspection, chemical treatment and experimental manipulation. (nature.com)
During later maturation stages, PDGF signaling has been implicated in tissue remodeling and cellular differentiation, and in inductive events involved in patterning and morphogenesis. (silverchair.com)

9. PDGF receptor alpha+ mesoderm contributes to endothelial and hematopoietic cells in mice. (nih.gov)
12. Hlf Expression Marks Early Emergence of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Precursors With Adult Repopulating Potential and Fate. (nih.gov)
Hematopoietic development is spatiotemporally tightly regulated by defined cell-intrinsic and extrinsic modifiers. (haematologica.org)
Here, we used induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology and established a 3-dimensional, organoid-like differentiation system (hemanoid) maintaining the structural cellular integrity to evaluate the effect of cytokines on embryonic hematopoietic development. (haematologica.org)
We identified KDR+/CD34high/CD144+/CD43-/CD45- hemato-endothelial progenitor cells (HEPs) forming organized, vasculature-like structures and giving rise to CD34low/CD144-/CD43+/CD45+ hematopoietic progenitor cells. (haematologica.org)
Inhibition of IL-3 signalling blocked hematopoietic differentiation and arrested the cells in the HEP stage. (haematologica.org)
Thus, our data suggest an important role for IL-3 in early human hematopoiesis by supporting the endothelial to hematopoietic transition of hemato-endothelial progenitor cells and highlight the potential of a hemanoid-based model to study human hematopoietic development. (haematologica.org)
1 While embryonic macrophages and nucleated red blood cells are generated early in development in the first wave of primitive hematopoiesis, lymphoid cells, definitive erythro-myeloid progenitors and long-term repopulating HSC are only generated at later stages by the definitive hematopoietic program. (haematologica.org)
2 In several studies, the hemogenic endothelium (HE), which is predominantly present in the AGM, has been identified as the primary cell source responsible for the emergence of definitive hematopoietic cells. (haematologica.org)
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) give rise to all of the specialized cell types of blood and are one of the few examples of well-established stem cell therapies. (massgeneral.org)
This review discusses the known roles of PDGFs in development, with emphasis on cellular responses to PDGFs and how they contribute to neural/oligodendrocyte development, vascular and hematopoietic development,neural crest cell development, organogenesis, somitogenesis and skeletal patterning. (silverchair.com)

Interdisciplinary projects that focus on basic developmental biology, stem cell biology and relevant clinical conditions associated with the GI tract, liver and pancreas are encouraged. (nih.gov)

GATA2 is an important gene that regulates differentiation of blood stem cells and the knockout of GATA2 is fatal to embryos. (pathfertility.com)
Platt followed the paths of cells in developing mudpuppy embryos to see how embryonic cells migrated during the formation of the head. (asu.edu)
Using systematic and unbiased functional screening approaches, we discovered that the Id family of helix-loop-helix proteins is both necessary and sufficient to direct cardiac mesoderm formation in frog embryos and human embryonic stem cells. (xenbase.org)
Transverse histological section of the proximal region of E7 embryos indicating Id1 (T′) expression in the gastrulating epiblast (yellowarrow) and migrating mesoderm(white arrow), Grrp1 (U′) expression in the gastrulating epiblast (yellow arrow), and Evx1 (V′) and Mesp1 (W′) expression in the primitive streak (yellowarrow). (xenbase.org)

20. A mesoderm-derived precursor for mesenchymal stem and endothelial cells. (nih.gov)

Thus, Dr. Mukouyama is studying neuronal influences on vascular branching patterns and vascular influences on both neuronal guidance and neural stem cell maintenance. (nih.gov)
The vasculature component of this specialized niche microenvironment helps to retain neural stem cell potential. (nih.gov)
Deciphering the fundamental mechanisms controlling cardiac specification is critical for our understanding of how heart formation is initiated during embryonic development and for applying stem cell biology to regenerative medicine and disease modeling. (xenbase.org)
Human-pluripotent-stem-cell-derived kidney cells (hPSC-KCs) have important potential for disease modelling and regeneration. (nature.com)
Despite these limitations, interest in the cellular microenvironment and 3D culture systems has been increasing steadily, particularly for stem cell applications 2 . (nature.com)
The regenerative potential of bone marrow-derived stem cell therapy provided the initial excitement for this field. (massgeneral.org)
Similarly, as the major stem cell population of cranial bones, the physiological significance of SuSCs is undoubted and self-evident. (encyclopedia.pub)
Stem cell research is changing the way we view laboratory research, disease diagnosis and therapeutic possibilities. (eurostemcell.org)
Since organoid technology has become an independent field of research, a precise understanding of organogenesis in a dish will be a significant factor for the research and use of tissue or stem cell-derived organoids [ 3 ]. (j-organoid.org)

Paired, segmented masses of MESENCHYME located on either side of the developing spinal cord (neural tube). (lookformedical.com)
Current focus is on early brain formation and birth defects that arise when normal brain formation goes awry, like failure of neural tube closure or maintenance of neural progenitor cells, resulting in spina bifida or microcephaly. (colorado.edu)

One unique component of this complex is the cranial neural crest (CNC) cells. (elifesciences.org)

Each tissue (cartilage, bone, and muscle) arises through several mechanisms of differentiation. (cdc.gov)
Your hand is covered in skin, but underneath you have muscle, tendons, ligaments, bone, cartilage, blood vessels bringing blood cells, lymphatic vessels draining fluids, neurons sensing heat and touch or making the muscles contract, fingernails and all of this is held together with elastic fibre networks…imagine making a hand in the lab and getting all of those parts to function together (Picture 1)! (eurostemcell.org)

It involves a cell signaling mechanism with a wide range of functions, including cellular differentiation, and the formation of the embryonic structures (embryogenesis). (asu.edu)

The latter are of great interest as diverse cytokines have been shown to regulate the differentiation of mature blood cells from adult HSC. (haematologica.org)

Addition of staurosporine to human embryonic stem cells (hESC) similarly induced primitive streak marker gene expression. (cellgs.com)
Equivalent bioactivity of GMP ( 314-GMP ), Animal-Free ( AFL314E ) and RUO (Catalog # 314-BPE) grades of Recombinant Human BMP-4 as measured by its ability to induce BMP responsive SEAP reporter activity in HEK293 human embryonic kidney cells (orange, green, red, respectively). (bio-techne.com)
Feeder-free monolayer cultures of human embryonic stem cells express an epithelial plasma membrane protein profile. (knaw.nl)
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are often cocultured on mitotically inactive fibroblast feeder cells to maintain their undifferentiated state. (knaw.nl)
Dive into the research topics of 'Feeder-free monolayer cultures of human embryonic stem cells express an epithelial plasma membrane protein profile. (knaw.nl)

However, the factors involved in the formation of the pancreatic mesenchyme are still largely unknown. (biologists.com)
It plays an important role in mesenchyme formation, epidermal determination, suppression of neural induction, the development of multiple organs, and tissue repair (1-5). (bio-techne.com)
Some of these agents target the embryonic period's "window of susceptibility," three to eight weeks after a pregnant woman's last menstruation, when the highest degree of sensitivity to embryonic cell differentiation and organ formation occurs. (asu.edu)
It involve the formation of haploid sex cells or gametes called sperms and ova from diploid primary germ cells called gametogonia present in the reproductive organs called gonads (testes and ovary). (studyinnovations.com)

18. Endoderm generates endothelial cells during liver development. (nih.gov)
The vacuoles just under the margins leave the cells along the border of the mass to become an endothelial lining of a cavity. (nih.gov)
The endothelial cells on the border of these cavities become less granular than the original angioblasts. (nih.gov)
COUP-TFII physically interacts with Prox1 to specify lymphatic endothelial cell fate. (guidetopharmacology.org)

Also in days 11 and 12, the primary yolk sac forms and part of the cytotrophoblast differentiates into extraembryonic mesoderm. (medscape.com)

TCF21 is crucial for the development of a number of cell types during embryogenesis of the heart, lung, kidney, and spleen. (wikipedia.org)
Expression of histone deacetylase 3 instructs alveolar type I cell differentiation by regulating a Wnt signaling niche in the lung. (nih.gov)
How AT1 cells arise from the distal lung epithelial progenitor cells prior to birth and whether this process depends on a developmental niche instructed by mesenchymal cells is poorly understood. (nih.gov)
We show that mice lacking histone deacetylase 3 specifically in the developing lung mesenchyme display lung hypoplasia including decreased mesenchymal proliferation and a severe impairment of AT1 cell differentiation. (nih.gov)
Importantly, systemic activation of Wnt signaling at specific stages of lung development can partially rescue the AT1 cell differentiation defect in vivo. (nih.gov)
These studies show that histone deacetylase 3 expression generates an important developmental niche in the lung mesenchyme through regulation of Wnt signaling, which is required for proper AT1 cell differentiation and lung sacculation. (nih.gov)
Early animal models and even small clinical studies suggested transdifferentiation of exogenous stem cells to cells of injured organs, including the lung (Kotton et al. (massgeneral.org)
This finding became the spark for further developments in organoid research, leading to successful application in cultures of other tissue types such as stomach, pancreas, liver, colon, brain, lung, and heart from human tissue or pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) [ 6 ]. (j-organoid.org)

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. (bio-techne.com)
Embryonic differentiation is the process of development during which embryonic cells specialize and diverse tissue structures arise. (asu.edu)
The differentiation of cells during embryogenesis is the key to cell, tissue, organ, and organism identity. (asu.edu)
Mesenchyme is a type of animal tissue comprised of loose cells embedded in a mesh of proteins and fluid, called the extracellular matrix. (asu.edu)
There is a significant need for genetically diverse cell culture platforms that accurately reconstitute tissue-specific epithelial function, particularly in humans where species-specific toxicology and disease pathophysiology is of significant biomedical relevance. (nature.com)
These results imply that on tissue culture substrates, vimentin expression is most likely a stress-induced response, unrelated to differentiation. (knaw.nl)
Early studies suggested that mesenchymal stromal cells could replace damaged tissue elsewhere in the body, and thus became known as mesenchymal stem cells . (massgeneral.org)
Bone tissue mainly consists of bone cells ( osteoblasts , osteocytes , and osteoclasts ) and a mineralized extracellular matrix that is primarily made up of collagen fibrils and hydroxyapatite crystals. (amboss.com)
Current protocols generally focus on isolating retinal cells, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), or corneal cells and fail to recapitulate the complexity of the tissue during eye development. (biomedcentral.com)

Moreover, when hESCs were transferred back to feeder cells, expression of vimentin was again absent from the epithelial cell population. (knaw.nl)

In forming the intervertebral discs, the enclosed notochord becomes transformed into a nucleus pulposus with adjacent sclerotomic cells forming the annulus fibrosis. (medscape.com)
The nephric duct induces the adjacent nephrogenic cord mesenchyme to aggregate and transform into epithelial tubules. (medscape.com)

In amniotes, the pancreatic mesenchyme plays a crucial role in pancreatic epithelium growth, notably through the secretion of fibroblast growth factors. (biologists.com)
Using mass spectrometry and immunofluorescence microscopy, we showed that hESCs under these conditions primarily express proteins belonging to epithelium-related cell-cell adhesion complexes, including adherens junctions, tight junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions. (knaw.nl)
Notably, feeder-free hESCs also coexpressed vimentin, which is usually associated with mesenchyme, suggesting that these cells may have undergone epithelium-to-mesenchyme transitions, indicating differentiation. (knaw.nl)
This marks the transformation of the induced mesenchymal cells into an epithelium-the specialized podocytes , which ultimately surround the vascular endothelium of the glomerulus. (clinicalgate.com)
Close to mid‐pregnancy, the basal epidermal cells deep to the periderm undergo differentiation, forming the typical epithelial layers characteristic of postnatal stratified squamous epithelium, consisting of a stratum basale (stratum germinativum), stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum and stratum corneum. (veteriankey.com)
Within these organoids, the retinal regions exhibited correct layering and contained all major retinal cell subtypes as well as retinal morphological cues, whereas the corneal regions closely resembled the transparent ocular-surface epithelium and contained of corneal, limbal, and conjunctival epithelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The conjunctiva covers the sclera and is composed of 3-5 layers of epithelium with superficial scattered goblet cells that produce important mucins for the tear film. (biomedcentral.com)

Kidney tubuloids derived from adult stem cells offer the advantage of long-term culture and expansion, but they include only tubular structures and lack glomerular components. (j-organoid.org)
In addition to driving mesenchymal proliferation,PDGFs have been shown to direct the migration, differentiation and function of a variety of specialized mesenchymal and migratory cell types, both during development and in the adult animal. (silverchair.com)
While an appendage in a particular location possesses an intrinsic cellular identity aquired at a definitive point in its development, its regional identity is retained in adult skin despite constant cell turnover. (veteriankey.com)

When a cell of the mesoderm divides, the daughter cells separate at least enough so that they can be recognized as distinct cells but angioblasts give daughter cells that remain to- gether to form dense syncytial masses. (nih.gov)

Capsulin transcripts were also found to mark the spiral septum of the heart and progenitor cells that give rise to the pericardium and coronary arteries. (wikipedia.org)
The epicardium originates from a different population of cells, the proepicardium (PE), a transitory structure of progenitor cells arising from coelomic mesenchyme of the septum transversum [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Janosik [3] having observed that the mesothelium in the region of the inferior vena cava and the transverse septum contributes cells to the mesenchyme at the point where the adrenals are formed in mammals, concluded that the anlage of the cortex is derived from the peritoneum. (edu.au)
Minot [7] accepts the mesenchyme as the source of the adrenal, and points out that the colls from the mesothelium collect near the inferior vena cava and the transferse septum to form the mesencliymal anlage. (edu.au)

It also generates a cross-regulatory network that specifies future anterior endoderm in veg2 descendants and institutes a distinct network specifying posterior endoderm in veg1-derived cells. (nature.com)

TCF21 was discovered in 1998 when search for novel cell-type-specific bHLH proteins expressed in human and mouse kidneys by performing a search of the expressed sequence tag (EST) databases. (wikipedia.org)
The cytoskeleton is a highly dynamic network of filamentous proteins that enables the active transport of cellular cargo, transduces force, and when assembled into higher-order structures, forms the basis for motile cellular structures that promote cell movement. (mechanobio.info)

As the heart develops, a subset of epicardial cells undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and invade the subepicardial space. (biomedcentral.com)

Like the epiblast, hPSCs are epithelial cells, but their polarity, barrier and lumenogenesis characteristics remain very poorly understood. (nature.com)

Since the first publication on generating kidney-like cell aggregates from pluripotent stem cells, various modifications have been made to develop more complex and detailed kidney structures. (j-organoid.org)
In contrast to earlier models that featured nephron-like structures, these advances have improved the differentiation efficiency and similarity to the human kidney. (j-organoid.org)
Presently, kidney organoids contain not only nephrons and ureteric buds but also stromal cells. (j-organoid.org)
The human kidney contains approximately one million nephrons, each composed of at least 20 different cell types. (j-organoid.org)

Here we describe a novel in vitro co-culture assay for assessing epicardial cell migration using embryonic zebrafish hearts. (biomedcentral.com)
We present a method to assess the migration of epicardial cells in an in vitro assay, wherein the migration of epicardial cells from a donor heart onto the myocardium of a recipient heart in co-culture is monitored and scored. (biomedcentral.com)
Multiphasic determination and differentiation of mouse metanephric mesoderm in vitro. (clinicalgate.com)
Here, the generation of more advanced in vitro multiocular organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is demonstrated. (biomedcentral.com)

The vertebrate heart consists of three cell layers: the innermost endothelium, the contractile myocardium and the outermost epicardium. (biomedcentral.com)
The epicardium is vital for heart development and function, and forms from epicardial progenitor cells (EPCs), which migrate to the myocardium during early development. (biomedcentral.com)
The heart is one of the first organs to form in vertebrate embryogenesis and during early development consists of three major cell layers: endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium. (biomedcentral.com)
Epicardial progenitor cells (EPCs) from the PE migrate onto the bare myocardium and envelop the heart, forming the epicardium. (biomedcentral.com)

6. Neuroectodermal origin of brain pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells. (nih.gov)
This novel neuro-vascular association is established by sequential expression of NGF in the subepicardial venous vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and myocardial arterial VSMCs of coronary vessels. (nih.gov)

We demonstrate the utility of this method by showing that epicardial cell migration is significantly delayed or absent when myocardial cells lack contractility and when myocardial cells are deficient in tbx5 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell Adhesion and Cell Migration. (medicscenter.com)
In mouse and Drosophila , PDGFs also direct cell migration, both at short and long distances from signal sources. (silverchair.com)

PURPOSE This initiative is designed to stimulate and solicit studies on gastrointestinal tract, liver and exocrine pancreas development and stem cells. (nih.gov)
The sternum arises from paired longitudinal concentrations of the somatic mesoderm in the sixth week of development. (medscape.com)
Therefore, it is important to investigate the cell-type-specific signaling mechanisms that regulate the heterogeneous CNC-derived cells and reveal their impact on craniofacial musculoskeletal development. (elifesciences.org)
In this way angioblasts form a plexus of dense masses of cells in sharp contrast to.the more delicate plexus of mesoderm which represents the early stages of the development of the coelom. (nih.gov)
These spaces sepa- rate and, as it were, split the two layers of the mesoderm apart 1Lilly, F. R. 1908 The development of the chick. (nih.gov)
The development of anatomical structures to create the form of a single- or multi-cell organism. (lookformedical.com)
[ 43 , 44 ] The proinflammatory cytokine IL12 has long been thought to be a critical element in the development of pathogenic Th1 CD4 + effector cells. (medscape.com)
[ 46 ] IL23 supports the development of the Th17 subset of CD4 + inflammatory T cells (that produce IL17, IL6 and TNF-α) [ 47-49 ] and has potent effects on innate immune cells (monocytes and macrophages) by inducing the production of IL1, IL6 and TNF-α. (medscape.com)
They are currently examining what happens to the myocardium development and conduction system architecture in the absence of autonomic nervous system and how autonomic nerves affect cardiomyocyte differentiation and maturation. (nih.gov)
They are currently examining how embryonic macrophages regulate radial glial cells, the primary source of cortical neurons in early brain development. (nih.gov)
In the earliest stages of development, the physical properties of the microenvironment can direct cell differentiation, and initiate the coordinated movement of groups of cells to establish the patterns that will define how the body is arranged. (mechanobio.info)
During the metanephric development process, epiblasts expressing T (brachyury) give rise to nascent mesoderm on embryonic day (E) 7.5. (j-organoid.org)
Thus, understanding how normal transcription programs are regulated during development may also help to decipher abnormal gene expression patterns in tumors and devise new strategies to intercept cellular targets driving tumor cell behavior. (nih.gov)
The loose, fluid nature of mesenchyme allows its cells to migrate easily and play a crucial role in the origin and development of morphological structures during the embryonic and fetal stages of animal life. (asu.edu)
By the end of week 2, the development of primary chorionic villi is observed, the primary yolk sac is replaced by the secondary yolk sac, and the amniotic cavity appears as a space between the cytotrophoblasts and the inner cell mass. (medscape.com)
Throughout the growth and development of the skull, the cranial suture mesenchyme remains unossified, which interposes between the OFs of the adjoining bone plates. (encyclopedia.pub)
However, despite the utility of experimental animals, limitations in the accuracy of animal testing and associated ethical issues have given rise to the development of non-clinical tests using human cell sources. (j-organoid.org)
In this complex preparations, multiocular organoids may be used to model the crosstalk between different cell types in eye development and disease. (biomedcentral.com)

Cells in the ventral subdivision of sclerotome form a sheath around the notochord and become organized into condensed and loosely arranged areas. (medscape.com)
and a ventral, more massive plexus of angioblasts with much more granular and more refractile cytoplasm than the mesoderm. (nih.gov)

Staurosporine has several effects on cell function, including interruption of cell-cell contacts, decreasing focal contact size, inducing epithelial to mesenchyme transition, and promoting cell differentiation. (cellgs.com)

Osr1 -expressing cell clusters spatially regulate Six2 expression, which in turn induces the cap mesenchymal population. (j-organoid.org)

Bone-marrow derived stem cells have been proposed as potential therapies for a wide variety of ailments, from rotator cuff injury to Alzheimer's disease. (massgeneral.org)
Unlike the well-established perivascular niche of SSCs in the long bone, stem cells of the cranial bone are generally located and confined within the cranial suture mesenchyme, subsequently defined as SuSCs. (encyclopedia.pub)

Recombinant Human BMP-4 (E. coli-expressed) Protein Bioactivity Recombinant Human BMP-4 ( E. coli -expressed) (Catalog # 314-BPE) induces alkaline phosphatase production in ATDC5 mouse chondrogenic cell line. (bio-techne.com)

May play a role in the specification or differentiation of one or more subsets of epicardial cell types. (nih.gov)

Anatomy68

Organisms18

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs89

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Phenomena and Processes50

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Metanephric mesenchyme10

Embryo11

Ectoderm8

Endoderm and mesoderm3

Mesodermal13

Paraxial12

Ureteric bud6

Proliferation and differentiation2

Differentiate7

Populations5

Lateral5

Intermediate3

Genes5

Tissues11

Lineage10

Mesenchymal cell2

Cardiogenic mesoderm6

Interactions10

Pathways5

Morphogenesis7

Hematopoietic11

Developmental biology1

Embryos4

Precursor1

Stem cell9

Neural tube2

Cranial neural crest1

Cartilage2

Cellular differentiation1

Shown to regulate1

Human embryonic5

Formation4

Endothelial4

Extraembryonic1

Lung8

Tissue9

Epithelial cell1

Adjacent2

Epithelium7

Adult3

Divides1

Septum4

Posterior1

Proteins2

Develops1

Epiblast1

Kidney4

Vitro4

Epicardium4

Vascular2

Migration3

Development18

Ventral2

Transition1

Regulate1

Bone2

Induces1

Specification1