• Similar to ESCs cultured in monolayer formats, ESCs within embryoid bodies undergo differentiation and cell specification along the three germ lineages - endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm - which comprise all somatic cell types. (wikipedia.org)
  • EB differentiation begins with the specification of the exterior cells toward the primitive endoderm phenotype. (wikipedia.org)
  • Stimulation of Activin A/Nodal signaling is insufficient to induce definitive endoderm formation of cord blood-derived unrestricted somatic stem cells. (lonza.com)
  • Activin A treated USSC retained their capacity to form cells of the ectoderm (nerve), mesoderm (bone) and endoderm (lung). (lonza.com)
  • USSC express both Activin A receptor subunits at the mRNA and protein level, indicating that these cells are capable of binding Activin A. CONCLUSIONS: Stimulation of the Nodal signaling pathway with Activin A or IDE1/2 is insufficient to induce definitive endoderm formation from USSC, indicating that USSC differ in their stem cell potential from hESC. (lonza.com)
  • Cells forming organoids are able to differentiate, undergo lineage commitment, and acquire the specific tissue patterning to develop into several endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm-derived tissues, mimicking somehow their in vivo counterparts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Disclosed herein are methods for the in vitro differentiation of a precursor cell into definitive endoderm, which may further be differentiated into a human colonic organoid (HCO), via modulation of signaling pathways. (justia.com)
  • In a developing embryo, stem cells can differentiate into all the specialized cells-ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm (see induced pluripotent stem cells)-but also maintain the normal turnover of regenerative organs, such as blood, skin, or intestinal tissues. (jbioserum.com)
  • The cells retain an organizational ability to segregate into the three developmental compartments--endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. (nih.gov)
  • That could happen over and over again, well differentiated (mature) or embryonicfetal (immature) tissues derived from two or three germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm). (progressivetradinggroup.com)
  • reported that hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells gave rise to iPSCs up to 300 times more efficiently than terminally differentiated B and T cells did, suggesting that the differentiation state of the starting cells affects reprogramming efficiency 23 . (nature.com)
  • However, these stem/progenitor cells are generally inaccessible, require complicated procedures to obtain and are difficult to propagate in vitro . (nature.com)
  • Finally, we studied the adult human brain for the presence of progenitor cells with migratory characteristics. (5dok.org)
  • A method of producing renal progenitor cells from pluripotent stem cells involves culturing pluripotent stem cells in a medium containing FGF2, BMP4, a GSK-3? (justia.com)
  • inhibitor and FGF9, to induce renal progenitor cells from intermediate mesodermal cells. (justia.com)
  • Mesodermal iPSC-derived progenitor cells functionally regenerate cardiac and skeletal muscle. (stembook.org)
  • The epicardium is vital for heart development and function, and forms from epicardial progenitor cells (EPCs), which migrate to the myocardium during early development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The epicardium originates from a different population of cells, the proepicardium (PE), a transitory structure of progenitor cells arising from coelomic mesenchyme of the septum transversum [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Epicardial progenitor cells (EPCs) from the PE migrate onto the bare myocardium and envelop the heart, forming the epicardium. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Congenital heart disease, which affects between 0.4-5 % of live births, is often due to defective cardiac morphogenesis involving problems with cardiac progenitor cells [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In adult organisms, stem cells and progenitor cells act as a repair system for the body, replenishing adult tissues. (jbioserum.com)
  • We identified KDR+/CD34high/CD144+/CD43-/CD45- hemato-endothelial progenitor cells (HEPs) forming organized, vasculature-like structures and giving rise to CD34low/CD144-/CD43+/CD45+ hematopoietic progenitor cells. (haematologica.org)
  • Thus, our data suggest an important role for IL-3 in early human hematopoiesis by supporting the endothelial to hematopoietic transition of hemato-endothelial progenitor cells and highlight the potential of a hemanoid-based model to study human hematopoietic development. (haematologica.org)
  • Different cell-intrinsic and extrinsic factors direct the specification of early mesodermal progenitor cells towards hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), which arise in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region, mature in the fetal liver and finally home and reside in the bone marrow. (haematologica.org)
  • Here, we apply allele-specific RNA-seq on isogenic B6D2F1 mice to assay imprinted genes in tissues from early embryonic tissues between E3.5 and E7.25 and in pluripotent cell lines to evaluate maintenance of imprinted gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since RPE65 is very poorly expressed in all tissues except the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), we generated hiPSC-derived RPE cells from the parental carrier of the synonymous variant. (hindawi.com)
  • In combination with transgenic organisms, such enzyme-actuated antisense tools will enable gene silencing in specific cell types, including tissues that are not amenable to optical targeting. (cdc.gov)
  • Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are capable of extensive self-renewal and can differentiate into diverse somatic cell types and tissues. (nature.com)
  • This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth. (lookformedical.com)
  • EMT involves the following steps in tumour metastasis: firstly, epithelial tumour cells degrade the basement membrane and invade surrounding parenchymal tissues (invasion), and then epithelial tumour cells pass through endothelial cells into blood vessels and lymphatic channels (intravascular infiltration). (researchsquare.com)
  • In this study, their gene expression data are compared with more than 1000 sets of data from normal stem cells, our CSCs, CSCs obtained from cancer tissues or cell lines and cancer cells, which obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus. (tmeresearch.org)
  • In mammals, there are two broad types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells, which are isolated from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, and adult stem cells, which are found in various tissues. (jbioserum.com)
  • Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. (lookformedical.com)
  • An organoid is a miniature, self-organized, three-dimensional (3D) structure composed of tissues derived from various sources including tissues and stem cells. (j-organoid.org)
  • Cardiac mesenchymal stem cells (C-MSCs) are endogenous cardiac stromal cells that play a crucial role in maintaining normal cardiac function. (frontiersin.org)
  • 1. Culture and identification of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells. (nih.gov)
  • 2. Isolation, characterization and neural differentiation potential of amnion derived mesenchymal stem cells. (nih.gov)
  • 3. [Effects of culture supernatant of human amnion mesenchymal stem cells on biological characteristics of human fibroblasts]. (nih.gov)
  • 4. Construction of tissue engineered skin with human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells and human amniotic epithelial cells. (nih.gov)
  • 5. A comparison of isolation and culture protocols for human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells. (nih.gov)
  • 6. Comparative characterization of cultured human term amnion epithelial and mesenchymal stromal cells for application in cell therapy. (nih.gov)
  • 7. Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium as a Novel Serum-free Media Supplement for the Culture of Human Amnion Mesenchymal Stem Cells. (nih.gov)
  • 8. Isolation and characterization of equine amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells. (nih.gov)
  • 9. [Comparison of Biological Characteristics between Human Amnion Epithelial Cells and Human Amnion Mesenchymal Stem Cells]. (nih.gov)
  • 10. Enhanced differentiation potential of human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells by using three-dimensional culturing. (nih.gov)
  • 12. Isolation, Culture, and Phenotypic Characterization of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from the Amniotic Membrane of the Human Term Placenta. (nih.gov)
  • 13. Human amnion mesenchymal stem cells promote proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. (nih.gov)
  • 14. Amniotic membrane: separation of amniotic mesoderm from amniotic epithelium and isolation of their respective mesenchymal stromal and epithelial cells. (nih.gov)
  • 15. Amniotic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Exhibit Preferential Osteogenic and Chondrogenic Differentiation and Enhanced Matrix Production Compared With Adipose Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. (nih.gov)
  • 16. [In vivo tracing of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells labeled with PKH26 in rat intrauterine adhesions model]. (nih.gov)
  • 19. [Effect of the human amniotic membrane loaded with human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells on the skin wounds of SD rats]. (nih.gov)
  • 20. [Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells inhibit allogeneic lymphocyte proliferation and reduce the secretion of interferon γ]. (nih.gov)
  • The MC-813-70 antibody reacts with stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4), a glycolipid carbohydrate antigen expressed on the surface of human embryonal carcinoma (EC), embryonic germ (EG), undifferentiated embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, a subset of mesenchymal stem cells, and rhesus monkey ES cell lines. (stemcell.com)
  • Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) refers to the biological process of epithelial cells transforming into cells with mesenchymal phenotype through different signal pathways under adverse factors, which allows these cells to gain capability of infiltration and invasion and migration[6]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Intramyocardial transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has emerged as a leading contender in the pursuit of clinical intervention and therapy. (springer.com)
  • Vodyanik MA, Yu J, Zhang X et al (2010) A mesoderm-derived precursor for mesenchymal stem and endothelial cells. (springer.com)
  • As the heart develops, a subset of epicardial cells undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and invade the subepicardial space. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These mesenchymal cells, called epicardium-derived cells (EPDCs), are important for normal heart maturation and have been shown to differentiate into interstitial cardiac fibroblasts, coronary vascular smooth muscle cells, and adventitial fibroblasts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemical staining, and immunofluorescence staining assays were used to evaluate the effects of wedelolactone on the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). (ijstemcell.com)
  • Mouse ES cells were aggregated into embryoid bodies (EB) and differentiated for two days in serum free media (Day2). (nih.gov)
  • Embryoid bodies were dissociated and reaggregated for 40 hours in the presence of VEGF, Activin A, and BMP4 to promote mesoderm differentiation (Day4). (nih.gov)
  • The STEMdiff™ NK Cell Kit protocol first uses animal component-free STEMdiff™ Hematopoietic - EB reagents for the generation of embryoid bodies (EBs) from hPSCs which are then further differentiated into CD34 + cells. (stemcell.com)
  • Embryoid bodies (EBs) are three-dimensional aggregates of pluripotent stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • EBs are differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into embryoid bodies comprising the three embryonic germ layers. (wikipedia.org)
  • The pluripotent cell types that comprise embryoid bodies include embryonic stem cells (ESCs) derived from the blastocyst stage of embryos from mouse (mESC), primate, and human (hESC) sources. (wikipedia.org)
  • Current approaches to differentiate embryonic stem (ES) cells to hematopoietic precursors in vitro use either feeder cell, serum, conditioned culture medium or embryoid body, methods that cannot avoid undefined culture conditions, precluding analysis of the fate of individual cells. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Differentiation of ESC lines to embryoid bodies or NPCs does not restore monoallelic expression of imprinted genes, neither did reprogramming of the serum-cultured ESCs to the pluripotent ground state by the use of 2 kinase inhibitors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • High content screening of chemical libraries using mouse ESCs (mESCs) was conducted to identify small molecules controlling stem cell fate and induce neuronal differentiation. (medscape.com)
  • In contrast to monolayer cultures, however, the spheroid structures that are formed when ESCs aggregate enables the non-adherent culture of EBs in suspension, making EB cultures inherently scalable, which is useful for bioprocessing approaches, whereby large yields of cells can be produced for potential clinical applications. (wikipedia.org)
  • Additionally, although EBs largely exhibit heterogeneous patterns of differentiated cell types, ESCs are capable of responding to similar cues that direct embryonic development. (wikipedia.org)
  • When cultured as single cells in the absence of anti-differentiation factors, ESCs spontaneously aggregate to form EBs. (wikipedia.org)
  • As an alternative, the hydrodynamic forces imparted in mixed culture platforms increase the homogeneity of EB sizes when ESCs are inoculated within bulk suspensions. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, technologies have also been developed to physically separate cells by forced aggregation of ESCs within individual wells or confined on adhesive substrates, which enables increased throughput, controlled formation of EBs. (wikipedia.org)
  • For the cell lines, we include embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) derived from fertilized embryos and from embryos obtained after nuclear transfer (NT) or parthenogenetic activation (PGA). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Both ESCs and EpiSCs can be directed to differentiate into a wide variety of mature cell types. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As hESC undergo apoptosis when cultured as single cells, EB formation often necessitates the use of inhibitors of the rho associated kinase (ROCK) pathway, including the small molecules Y-27632 and 2,4 disubstituted thiazole (Thiazovivin/Tzv). (wikipedia.org)
  • NTRODUCTION: Unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSC) derived from umbilical cord blood are an attractive alternative to human embryonic stem cells (hESC) for cellular therapy. (lonza.com)
  • ferentiation potential of normal Bombay hiPSCs (B-hiPSCs) and compared results to human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines. (1library.org)
  • Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and hESC-derived neural progenitors (NPs) may provide a number of new ways for studying and treating diseases and injuries in the brain. (5dok.org)
  • the only long distance cell migration system in the human brain) and that of hESC-derived NPs. (5dok.org)
  • rLaminin-521 (Human) supports long-term self-renewal of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC), including embryonic stem cells (hESC) and induced pluripotent stemcells (iPSC) in defined and xeno-free environments. (corning.com)
  • hESC cultured on rLaminin-521 (Human) in xeno-free medium exhibited characteristic colony morphology with a high nuclear-to-cytoplasm ratio. (corning.com)
  • Differentiate human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to NK cells with the feeder-free and serum-free STEMdiff™ NK Cell Kit. (stemcell.com)
  • Our novel approach identifies a set of factors that are necessary and sufficient to differentiate ES cells into definitive hematopoietic precursors, as documented by the timelapse video microscopy of the stepwise differentiation processes from single progenitors. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Taken together, this thesis reveals improved ways to propagate and differentiate hESCs in culture, and has uncovered common differentiation factors present in both human neuroblasts and NPs. (5dok.org)
  • Stem cells are undifferentiated biological cells that can differentiate into specialized cells and can divide (through mitosis) to produce more stem cells. (jbioserum.com)
  • Leukemia Basophilic A rare acute myeloid leukemia in which the immature cells differentiate towards basophils. (nih.gov)
  • Here, we have developed a defined, serum-free and low cell-density differentiation program to generate endothelial and hematopoietic cells within 6 days from murine ES cells. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Moreover, this defined milieu revealed the essential role of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) in determining the hematopoietic/endothelial fate and demonstrated that the hemogenic fate in mesoderm is determined as early as day 4 of our differentiation protocol. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Our ability to directly convert ES cells to endothelial and hematopoietic precursors should have important utilities for studies of hematopoietic development and personalized medicine in the future. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • ac-companied by endothelial cells differentiation. (1library.org)
  • MSCs are also capable of differentiation into cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells, although the relative contribution of trilineage differentiation and paracrine effectors on cardiac repair remains the subject of active investigation. (springer.com)
  • We have previously shown that endothelial cells of the aortic floor give rise to hematopoietic cells, revealing the existence of an aortic hemangioblast. (silverchair.com)
  • Using quail/chick orthotopic transplantations of paraxial mesoderm, we have traced the distribution of somite-derived endothelial cells during aortic hematopoiesis. (silverchair.com)
  • and a second, associated to aortic hematopoiesis, in which the hemogenic floor is replaced by somite endothelial cells. (silverchair.com)
  • In vivo lineage tracing experiments with non-replicative retroviral vectors showed that endothelial cells do not give rise to smooth muscle cells. (silverchair.com)
  • However, in vitro,purified endothelial cells acquire smooth muscle cells characteristics. (silverchair.com)
  • 3-5 The emergence of hematopoietic cells from the HE (also referred to as endothelial to hematopoietic transition [EHT]), is controlled by distinct cell-intrinsic signals mediated by transcription factor (TF) activation, as well as important cell-extrinsic factors such as cell-cell interactions, extracellular matrix molecules, and cytokines. (haematologica.org)
  • The blood?surrogate can be made to be as a serum-free, chemically defined medium facilitating interpretations of responses that are more mechanistic than with serum?containing media. (selectbiosciences.com)
  • Keratinocytes can be cultured and stratified in vitro, and an entire epidermal sheet can be obtained. (scirp.org)
  • We characterize the activation kinetics of these reagents in vitro and demonstrate their efficacy in zebrafish embryos that express NfsB either ubiquitously or in defined cell populations. (cdc.gov)
  • To overcome permeability issues and allow QD conjugate penetration, embryos were treated with proteinase K. The use of QDs dramatically increased sensitivity of whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) in comparison with organic fluorophores and enabled fluorescent detection of specific transcripts within cells without the use of enzymatic amplification. (hindawi.com)
  • Chiang, PM & Wong, PC 2011, ' Differentiation of an embryonic stem cell to hemogenic endothelium by defined factors: Essential role of bone morphogenetic protein 4 ', Development , vol. 138, no. 13, pp. 2833-2843. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • GSK3β inhibition differentiates spheroids into segmented, nephron-like kidney organoids containing cell populations with characteristics of proximal tubules, podocytes and endothelium. (nature.com)
  • The vertebrate heart consists of three cell layers: the innermost endothelium, the contractile myocardium and the outermost epicardium. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2 In several studies, the hemogenic endothelium (HE), which is predominantly present in the AGM, has been identified as the primary cell source responsible for the emergence of definitive hematopoietic cells. (haematologica.org)
  • Mouse ES cells were cultured in feeder-free conditions under standard conditions. (nih.gov)
  • Provided are a method for promoting the proliferation of pluripotent stem cells and a proliferation promoting composition used in the method. (justia.com)
  • In one aspect, a composition for promoting the proliferation of pluripotent stem cells includes hemagglutinin or modified hemagglutinin. (justia.com)
  • In another aspect, a method for promoting the proliferation of pluripotent stem cells includes culturing pluripotent stem cells in a culture medium to which the proliferation promoting composition of the present disclosure has been added. (justia.com)
  • forming a well orchestrated physiologic process, in which migration, proliferation and differentiation of a variety of cell types occur, as well as the synthesis of extracellular matrix components. (scirp.org)
  • These wounds are stopped in the inflammatory phase due to an imbalance between the production of growth factors, which stimulate the cell proliferation, and proteases, generally produced by fibroblasts, that stimulate migration to the wound site. (scirp.org)
  • The causes of this imbalance vary and are associated with the excessive presence of proinflammatory cytokines, decreased growth factors, abnormal deposition of collagen and other proteins of the extracellular matrix, alteration of cell proliferation and protein synthesis, and also an increased apoptosis [3,4]. (scirp.org)
  • The knockdown of UBE2V2 inhibited cells proliferation, reduced the proportion of cells in S phase and promoted cell apoptosis. (researchsquare.com)
  • MSCs are capable of secreting a large array of soluble factors, which have had demonstrated effects on pathogenic cardiac remolding, fibrosis, immune activation, and cardiac stem cell proliferation within the damaged heart. (springer.com)
  • Because the medium contains various growth factors required for the growth of stem cells, it can promote the proliferation of stem cells, and contain factors that inhibit the differentiation of stem cells, which can maintain the stemness of stem cells and delay the differentiation of stem cells. (abbkine.com)
  • Cell proliferation. (lookformedical.com)
  • Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation , and cell proliferation . (lookformedical.com)
  • PCNA expression correlates with the proliferation activity of several malignant and non-malignant cell types. (lookformedical.com)
  • Since the mostly tumor-derived or immortalized laboratory cell lines have only limited differentiation potential, these can hardly serve as a basis for such in vitro assay systems. (medscape.com)
  • Additionally, EBs can be formed from embryonic stem cells derived through alternative techniques, including somatic cell nuclear transfer or the reprogramming of somatic cells to yield induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS). (wikipedia.org)
  • Low tumorigenicity and the ability to mature to form synaptic junctions make precursor cells a promising donor source. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we attempted to improve the yield of photoreceptor precursor cells in three-dimensional retinal organoids from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • COCO, a multifunctional antagonist of the Wnt, TGF-β, and BMP pathways, was employed to 3D organoid differentiation schemes for enhanced photoreceptor precursor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, improving the differentiation efficiency of photoreceptor precursor cells during retinalization to supply an unlimited source for cell transplantation will undoubtedly provide valuable applications in the future. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, it is unknown whether an earlier stage of intervention during stem cell differentiation would achieve more effective production of photoreceptor precursor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, proteins, RNA, and lipids from exosomes of C-MSC can enter adjacent cells (such as cardiomyocytes) and regulate their cellular signaling. (frontiersin.org)
  • 16 , 17 In particular, transgenic zebrafish lines that express nfsB in β cells, cardiomyocytes, or other cell types have been established, and their exposure to the metronidazole leads to the targeted loss of these cells. (cdc.gov)
  • We also establish that this is a general transcriptional regulatory mechanism that applies to ~7% of expressed protein-coding genes in primary human airway epithelial cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Gene-specific RNA probes are now extensively used as they enable visualization of gene expression patterns and thus provide valuable information regarding the role of specific genes during development, as well as regarding positioning and movement of a particular cell type at different stages of development. (hindawi.com)
  • Membrane proteins encoded by the BCL-2 GENES and serving as potent inhibitors of cell death by APOPTOSIS . (lookformedical.com)
  • We have induced CSCs from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) culturing in the conditioned media from cancer-derived cells without introducing genes or mutations. (tmeresearch.org)
  • This allows flexibility in experimental design for determining the role that target genes/signaling pathways in specific cell types may have on epicardial cell migration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ethanol exposure activates signaling pathways featuring high-mobility group box 1 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), resulting in induction of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, which regulates expression of several cytokine genes involved in innate immunity, and its target genes. (nih.gov)
  • Innate immune genes are associated with rapid first-line responses to infections that involve primarily immune cells called monocytes (e.g., the acute- phase response). (nih.gov)
  • Together, these changes amplify expression of a large number of genes through kinase signaling pathways that converge on two transcription factors called nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF- κ B) and activator protein-1 (AP-1). (nih.gov)
  • It represents approximately 30% of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, and is characterized by the expression of CD44, PKCbeta1, Cyclin D2, BCL-2, and IRF4/MUM1 genes. (nih.gov)
  • Homologs of these genes also exist in mammals, and they have been implicated in the response of a cell to hypoxia or more generally as stress-induced genes having either pro- or anti-apoptotic functions. (sdbonline.org)
  • In response to the ECM deposition, EBs often form a cystic cavity, whereby the cells in contact with the basement membrane remain viable and those at the interior undergo apoptosis, resulting in a fluid-filled cavity surrounded by cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Studies of epithelial cell lines such as Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells have, for instance, revealed polarity and apoptosis pathways contributing mechanistically to lumen formation 1 . (nature.com)
  • Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. (lookformedical.com)
  • The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end labeling, or TUNEL, assay labels apoptosis on a single-cell level, making it more sensitive than agarose gel electrophoresis for analysis of DNA FRAGMENTATION . (lookformedical.com)
  • Apoptosis is a morphologically and biochemically distinctive form of cell death, critical in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. (researchgate.net)
  • 11. Value of human amniotic epithelial cells in tissue engineering for cornea. (nih.gov)
  • 17. Phenotypic shift of human amniotic epithelial cells in culture is associated with reduced osteogenic differentiation in vitro. (nih.gov)
  • Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture in vitro is a powerful tool for investigating epithelial morphogenesis, physiology and disease, being readily accessible to microscopic inspection, chemical treatment and experimental manipulation. (nature.com)
  • Conventional epithelial cell lines, however, are lineage-restricted and lack genetic diversity. (nature.com)
  • There is a significant need for genetically diverse cell culture platforms that accurately reconstitute tissue-specific epithelial function, particularly in humans where species-specific toxicology and disease pathophysiology is of significant biomedical relevance. (nature.com)
  • Like the epiblast, hPSCs are epithelial cells, but their polarity, barrier and lumenogenesis characteristics remain very poorly understood. (nature.com)
  • Code Preferred Term Synonyms Definition Neoplastic Status C7419 Acanthoma A benign skin neoplasm composed of epithelial cells. (nih.gov)
  • Acinic Cell Carcinoma A malignant glandular epithelial neoplasm consisting of secretory cells forming acinar patterns. (nih.gov)
  • Therefore, the three-dimensional structure, including the establishment of complex cell adhesions and paracrine signaling within the EB microenvironment, enables differentiation and morphogenesis which yields microtissues that are similar to native tissue structures. (wikipedia.org)
  • Has informed consent been obtained from the donor of the embryo/tissue from which the pluripotent stem cells have been derived? (hpscreg.eu)
  • In this issue of Stem Cell Research & Therapy [ref], Dossena and collaborators present a validated bioprocess design for large-scale production of human pancreatic organoids from cadaveric tissue in accordance with current good manufacturing practice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The in vitro culture of autologous epidermis, which has represented the beginning of Tissue Engineering, is a valuable tool for the treatment of these patients. (scirp.org)
  • Seeking to improve the results obtained with cultured epidermis, tissue engineering was directed towards the development of substitutes that not only involve epidermis but also the dermal component. (scirp.org)
  • Medical Studies have shown that certain Human Stem Cell Derived Growth Factors possess the power to be provide potent anti-inflammatory effects that may reduce healing time, hyper pigmentation, and scar tissue deposition. (jbioserum.com)
  • Since organoid technology has become an independent field of research, a precise understanding of organogenesis in a dish will be a significant factor for the research and use of tissue or stem cell-derived organoids [ 3 ]. (j-organoid.org)
  • This finding became the spark for further developments in organoid research, leading to successful application in cultures of other tissue types such as stomach, pancreas, liver, colon, brain, lung, and heart from human tissue or pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) [ 6 ]. (j-organoid.org)
  • CNS GCTs are broadly classified as germinomatous and nongerminomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCTs) on the basis of clinicopathological and laboratory features, including tumor markers. (medscape.com)
  • However, some bifocal nongerminomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCTs) may have similar radiographic features, detectable hCG levels, and normal or modestly elevated AFP. (medscape.com)
  • The germ cell theory postulates that these tumors arise from primordial germ cells that have migrated aberrantly during embryonic development and subsequently undergone malignant transformation. (medscape.com)
  • some variations in the eficiency of hematopoietic differentiation between iPSC and ES cells, the pattern of differentiation was similar among all three tested lines. (1library.org)
  • Murine iPSC-derived microglia and macrophage cell culture models recapitulate distinct phenotypical and functional properties of classical and alternative neuro-immune polarisation. (stembook.org)
  • Here, we used induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology and established a 3-dimensional, organoid-like differentiation system (hemanoid) maintaining the structural cellular integrity to evaluate the effect of cytokines on embryonic hematopoietic development. (haematologica.org)
  • out hemangioblast formation that produced CD71+HbF+erythroid cells. (1library.org)
  • In mammalian cells AIF is released in response to pro-apoptotic protein members of the bcl-2 protein family. (lookformedical.com)
  • It is thought that plant based stem cells are not similar enough in the protein structure to that of human skin. (jbioserum.com)
  • TRPC5 is a member of this protein family which combines with TRPC1 to form non-selective cation channels in human saphenous vein cells, a type of smooth muscle cell. (researchgate.net)
  • Dr. Thomson stressed that significant differences exist between embryonic stem cells derived from mice and humans, cautioning that the use of murine embryonic stem cell models may be misleading in understanding the earliest events in human embryonic development and urging the need for continued study using non-human primate model systems. (nih.gov)
  • The reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by defined transcription factors has been a well-established technique and will provide an invaluable resource for regenerative medicine. (nature.com)
  • As homozygous genomic regions of PGA-derived cells are not compatible with allele-specific RNA-seq, we developed an RNA-seq-based genotyping strategy allowing identification of informative heterozygous regions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The first cell specification event, i.e., partitioning cell fate between the inner cell mass and trophectoderm, can occur between the two-cell and four-cell stage, yet the cell fate is not determined. (silverchair.com)
  • In this study, we analyzed pathophysiological alterations associated with ALS related FUS mutations (mFUS) in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and hiPSC derived motoneurons. (frontiersin.org)
  • In summary, we found that the susceptibility to cell stress was higher in mFUS hiPSCs and hiPSC derived motoneurons than in controls and the degree of FUS mislocalization correlated well with the clinical severity of the underlying ALS related mFUS. (frontiersin.org)
  • Sequencing of RNA obtained from hiPSC-RPE cells demonstrated heterozygous skipping of RPE65 exon 2 and the introduction of a premature stop codon in the mRNA. (hindawi.com)
  • Megakaryocytes (MKs) are rare hematopoietic cells in the adult bone marrow and produce platelets that are critical to vascular hemostasis and wound healing. (nih.gov)
  • We found that wedelolactone facilitates the chondrogenic differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived MSCs and rat bone-marrow MSCs. (ijstemcell.com)
  • First, we attempted to generate iPSCs from DP31 cells, a cell line isolated from the immature (CC) stage of teeth, using as few transcription factors as possible. (nature.com)
  • Induced pluripotency has emerged as one of the main methodologies to derive patient-specific pluripotent cells (iPSCs) by reprogramming of adult stem cells using defined reprogramming factors [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1 While embryonic macrophages and nucleated red blood cells are generated early in development in the first wave of primitive hematopoiesis, lymphoid cells, definitive erythro-myeloid progenitors and long-term repopulating HSC are only generated at later stages by the definitive hematopoietic program. (haematologica.org)
  • In vitro culture and light microscopic observation were employed to study its developmental process from spore germination to the formation of young gametophyte, as well as effects of light and temperature on its spore germination and protonemal development. (scielo.br)
  • Therefore, it is suitable for the in vitro culture of human and animal stem cells. (abbkine.com)
  • Besides, we further studied the EMT signaling pathway that promotes LUAD metastasis and other phenotypic experiments by using lentivirus to transfect LUAD cells. (researchsquare.com)
  • In the process of morphological changes of neuroectoderm and mesoderm cells, Snail promotes the conversion of DE-cadherin expression to DN- cadherin type so that EMT occurs[11].In addition, EMT transformation promoted the expression of MMPs family proteins (MMP 1, 2, 7) through the up-regulated expression of Snail and SIP1, and degraded extracellular matrix proteins to increase tumour cell infiltration ability[12]. (researchsquare.com)
  • However, there is no indication that scylla/charybdis overexpression promotes cell death. (sdbonline.org)
  • Ex vivo generation of MKs from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) provides a renewable cell source of platelets for treating thrombocytopenic patients and allows a better understanding of MK/platelet biology. (nih.gov)
  • Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) generated from patients and the derivative retinal cells enable the investigation of pathological and novel variants in relevant cell populations. (hindawi.com)
  • Thus, there is an emphasis on the need for better treatment methods, including hematopoietic cell re-placement strategies as an alternative source for blood cells. (1library.org)
  • However, clinical translation of organoids into cell replacement therapies is halted due to (A) a few preclinical studies demonstrating their efficacy and (B) the lack of robust, reproducible, and scalable methods of production in compliance with current pharmaceutical standards. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although large-scale production of functional cells secreting insulin is still a challenge, the development of methods such as the one presented by Dossena and collaborators contributes to move toward clinical use of organoids in the treatment of type 1 diabetes and opens avenues for future clinical use of organoids in degenerative pathologies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This precoated solution enables ROCK-inhibitor independent single cell passaging, which improves culture consistency and lowers contamination risk compared to labor-intensive clump/colony passaging methods. (corning.com)
  • Beltrami AP, Barlucchi L, Torella D et al (2003) Adult cardiac stem cells are multipotent and support myocardial regeneration. (springer.com)
  • The embryonic aorta is now recognized as a site that produces adult-type hematopoietic stem cells. (silverchair.com)
  • The latter are of great interest as diverse cytokines have been shown to regulate the differentiation of mature blood cells from adult HSC. (haematologica.org)
  • To promote interactions and discussions between researchers studying embryonic and adult mammalian stem cells and basic researchers working in other areas such as chromatin, gene expression, cell cycle, cell signaling, and development, the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) hosted a workshop on the basic biology of mammalian stem cells on June 9-10, 2002 at the Pooks Hill Marriott in Bethesda, Maryland. (nih.gov)
  • The endocardial and myocardial cells originate from populations of mesodermal cells that migrate from the midbrain-hindbrain boundary to form the linear heart tube [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • SF = serum-free media, XF = xeno-free media, AF = animal-free media. (corning.com)
  • Read how stem cell scientists efficiently scale-up their cell production in a xeno-free culture environment. (corning.com)
  • The capacity of organoids to generate complex 3D structures resembling organs is revolutionizing the fields of developmental and stem cell biology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The top layer of skin, the epidermis, has ectodermal origin, while the lower layer, the dermis, originates from the mesoderm and neural crests. (scirp.org)
  • These cultures can be crafted to replicate a simplified version of a complex organ, or to express specific characteristics to produce certain types of cells. (j-organoid.org)
  • Acute Leukemia of Indeterminate Lineage An acute leukemia in which the blasts lack sufficient evidence to classify as myeloid or lymphoid or they have morphologic and/or immunophenotypic characteristics of both myeloid and lymphoid cells. (nih.gov)
  • Such spontaneous formation is often accomplished in bulk suspension cultures whereby the dish is coated with non-adhesive materials, such as agar or hydrophilic polymers, to promote the preferential adhesion between single cells, rather than to the culture substrate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Formation of EBs can also be more precisely controlled by the inoculation of known cell densities within single drops (10-20 µL) suspended from the lid of a Petri dish, known as hanging drops. (wikipedia.org)
  • While this method enables control of EB size by altering the number of cells per drop, the formation of hanging drops is labor-intensive and not easily amenable to scalable cultures. (wikipedia.org)
  • Additionally, the media can not be easily exchanged within the traditional hanging drop format, necessitating the transfer of hanging drops into bulk suspension cultures after 2-3 days of formation, whereby individual EBs tend to agglomerate. (wikipedia.org)
  • In three-dimensional cultures, epiblast-stage hPSCs form spheroids surrounding hollow, amniotic-like cavities. (nature.com)
  • [ 101 ] Still, human cell-based developmental neurotoxicity screenings mostly use neural stem cells and neuroprogenitor cells, derived from human fetuses and neurospheres derived from neuroprogenitor cells or human cord blood-derived neural stem cell lines, while the application of hPSC-based systems has been suggested. (medscape.com)
  • To avoid an allogeneic immune response during transplantation of these cells, a matching genotype between donor and recipient cells is of key importance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Menasche P (2003) Myoblast-based cell transplantation. (springer.com)
  • Dr. Thomson expressed serious doubt that therapeutic cloning using human oocytes would be used widely in the foreseeable future to produce human embryonic stem cells for transplantation, given the likely inefficiencies of the process and the high costs that would inevitably coincide with patient-specific cell therapy. (nih.gov)
  • In hosting the workshop, NIGMS aimed to learn how best to stimulate research that will advance the basic biology of mammalian stem cells, a field with the potential for rapid growth following the recent successful isolation of human embryonic stem cells and human embryonic germ cells in 1998 and the establishment of policies governing the use of human embryonic stem cells in Federally funded research. (nih.gov)
  • Corning® rLaminin-521 (human) is an animal-component-free recombinant heterotrimer composed of α5, β2, and γ1 chains expressed in a mammalian cell culture system. (corning.com)
  • It translocates to the CELL NUCLEUS and binds DNA to stimulate CASPASE-independent CHROMATIN condensation. (lookformedical.com)
  • The cells at the exterior then deposit extracellular matrix (ECM), containing collagen IV and laminin, similar to the composition and structure of basement membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • Wound repair is a complex process that involves dermal and epidermal cells, extracellular matrix, soluble factors and the sum of interactions between them, providing physical, biological and chemical keys capable of guiding cell function. (scirp.org)