• A larger vegetative shoot apical meristem (SAM) often produces more branching inflorescences. (nature.com)
  • In ( c ) an Iax has developed as a growth (G) meristem, producing a lateral leaf-bearing branch/shoot, thus promoting biomass accumulation and supporting three additional Iax meristems, and one terminal inactive shoot apical meristem (Iap) (red circles). (qubs.ca)
  • During Arabidopsis embryo development, cotyledon primordia are generated at transition stage from precursor cells that are not derived from the embryonic shoot apical meristem (SAM). (biologists.com)
  • 2006 ). LAX1 , encoding a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, is expressed in the boundary between the shoot apical meristem and the region of new meristem formation (Komatsu et al. (springeropen.com)
  • Inflorescence architecture controls flower and hence seed production and is largely defined by meristem identity and determinacy decisions. (cerealstemcells.de)
  • STM3 is expressed in both vegetative and reproductive meristematic tissues and in leaf primordia and leaves, indicative of its function in flowering time and inflorescence-branching development. (nature.com)
  • The jointless ( j ) mutant produces indeterminate inflorescences that revert to vegetative growth after the production of two or three flowers 16 , 17 . (nature.com)
  • Despite extensive studies of specific genes that regulate this process, the global changes in transcript expression profiles at the point when a vegetative meristem transitions into an inflorescence have not been reported. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Grass inflorescence meristems (IM) produce a unique structure, spikelet meristems (SM) that then produce floral meristems (FM), flowers, and seeds. (cerealstemcells.de)
  • This gene controls the activity of the spike and floret meristems and thus the number of spikelet and kernels per spike. (eurekalert.org)
  • The plant researchers have identified two barley mutants named "intermedium-m" and "double seed 1", which form a wheat-like spike with a terminal floret that consumes the spike meristem thereby reducing the number of lateral spikelets per spike. (eurekalert.org)
  • The ability of spike meristem to form lateral spikelets thus remains intact. (eurekalert.org)
  • The floral meristem emerges as a lateral outgrowth from the periphery of the inflorescence meristem. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • These two genes are expressed very early and are in mutual repression with TERMINAL FLOWER 1 ( TFL1 ), a gene that maintains the inflorescence meristem's identity. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • While a few important genes for tomato inflorescence-branching development have been identified, the regulatory mechanism underlying inflorescence branching is still unclear. (nature.com)
  • A series of regulatory genes that have received much attention makes major contributions to inflorescence architecture in tomato by changing the inflorescence-branching pattern. (nature.com)
  • During phase transitions, flowering time genes are also important players in regulating inflorescence architecture in tomato. (nature.com)
  • In addition to these promotion-flowering genes, TERMINATING FLOWER ( TMF ) encodes an ALOG family protein and affects inflorescence organization in tomato. (nature.com)
  • Only a few genes are necessary to confer floral meristem identity. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • Whether the inactive or reproductive meristems are axillary or apical can be signified by the subscripts 'ax' and 'ap', respectively (i.e. (qubs.ca)
  • The final hypothesis-the Reserve Meristem hypothesis-proposes that the benefit of apical dominance lies in its effects on delaying release of axillary meristems from their inactive state (i.e. prolonging their Iax status), thus making them available (in reserve) for deployment should the plant experience apical herbivory ( Aarssen 1995 ), and therefore enabling compensatory branch production for the afflicted plant ( Lortie and Aarssen 2000a ). (qubs.ca)
  • In addition, FALSIFLORA ( FA ), the tomato ortholog LEAFY , controls flowering time and floral meristem identity. (nature.com)
  • How the establishment, maintenance, and termination of these different meristems within the inflorescence are genetically controlled in the temperate cereal barley is not well understood. (cerealstemcells.de)
  • Higher plants exhibit various inflorescence architectures progressing in complexity from a solitary flower to complex structures that contain multiple branches and flowers. (nature.com)
  • The former produces a flower or an inflorescence whereas the latter typically produces nothing. (qubs.ca)
  • In ( b ), an Iax has developed as a reproductive (Rax) meristem, producing a flower or inflorescence, thus promoting seed offspring production. (qubs.ca)
  • Stage 1 is the formation of a bump at the periphery of the inflorescence meristem, stage 2 begin at when a border appears between the meristem and the developing flower. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • These occurrences formed targets for cloning that eventually helped lead to an understanding of transcriptional control of the identity of floral organs and flower meristems, signaling within meristems, and the role of auxin in initiating floral organogenesis. (floraldaily.com)
  • The study shows that using specific propagation techniques, it may be possible to guide the architecture of the strawberry plants that can bear different number and distribution of shoots, inflorescences and stolons. (researchgate.net)
  • The bud bank is the individual's population of axillary meristems positioned along plant shoots, and from which essential structures develop. (qubs.ca)
  • reproductive (R) meristems produce flowers or inflorescences and growth (G) meristems produce branches bearing leaves. (qubs.ca)
  • The ultimate goal is to identify molecular networks that specifically control the fate of the different barley meristems, IM and SM/FM. (cerealstemcells.de)
  • The closely related cool-season cereals, barley and wheat, produce variable and defined number of spikelets on their spikes, respectively. (eurekalert.org)
  • This may allow barley, wheat and other cereals to be modified to produce a higher grain yield. (eurekalert.org)
  • In plants, the "meristem" refers to a type of tissue comprising undifferentiated cells from which various other plant organs can develop through cell division and differentiation. (eurekalert.org)
  • Different tomato varieties require distinct inflorescence-branching structures to enhance productivity. (nature.com)
  • Our findings provide insights into the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying inflorescence development in tomato. (nature.com)
  • Plants from different nursery cultivation systems were dissected to determine plant architecture detecting and recording the fate of all the meristems before field cultivation. (researchgate.net)
  • Selection for favorable inflorescence architecture to improve yield is one of the crucial targets in crop breeding. (nature.com)
  • The 3 types of strawberries were grown also under SD and NI under day/night temperature regimes of 18°/14°, 22°/18°, 26°/22°, and 30°/26°C. With number of inflorescences and runners and total dry weight per plant, significant photoperiod × temperature × type interactions were found. (researchgate.net)
  • Prof. Dr. Maria von Korff Schmising, Head of the HHU Institute for Plant Genetics, about possible applications of the research findings: "These key regulators can be used to extend meristem activities. (eurekalert.org)
  • These models give tools to represent meristem or others plant tissues. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • Nearly 100% of the transplants produced in early July flowered in the fall, but less than 30% of the August-plugged transplants flowered in the fall. (researchgate.net)
  • Favorable inflorescence branching is always a major breeding target for achieving desirable production by balancing the sink-source relationship. (nature.com)
  • Under protected cultivation, July-plugged plants produced fruit in October, November and December. (researchgate.net)
  • High expression levels of STM3 underlie the highly inflorescence-branching phenotype in ST024. (nature.com)
  • Mutation of FUL1 could partially restore inflorescence-branching phenotypes caused by high STM3 expression in ST024. (nature.com)