ArabidopsisControl the differentiation of meristemFloral meristemApical meristemsMorphogenesisPlantVascularChloroplastProliferationEpidermisVegetativeAxillaryEmbryosPrimordiaTranscriptionalElongationImaging and genetOverexpressionRootReproductiveShoots and rootsGrowthXylemOrganRootsInitiationGeneStemsDevelopmentalLateralApexPlantsCambiumBasalStem cell populationInduceEstablishment
Arabidopsis9
- Distinguished from the raceme-type inflorescences of Arabidopsis and panicle-type inflorescences of rice, tomato has a cyme-type inflorescence lacking a main axis, which initiates from a sympodial inflorescence meristem (SIM). (nature.com)
- To identify a novel factor required for the maintenance of stem cells, we isolated an Arabidopsis mutant, named meristem disorganization 1-1 (mdo1-1), that exhibits several developmental defects, such as abnormal phyllotaxy and plastochron, stem fasciation and retarded root growth. (nih.gov)
- We characterize early patterning during de novo development of the Arabidopsis shoot meristem using fluorescent reporters of known gene and protein activities required for shoot meristem development and maintenance. (biologists.com)
- We propose that de novo shoot meristem induction is an easily accessible system for the study of patterning and self-organization in the well-studied model organism Arabidopsis . (biologists.com)
- Transcriptional Regulation of Arabidopsis Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 Coordinates Cell Type Proliferation and Differentiation. (academictree.org)
- GUS fusions to characterize promoters stemming from Arabidopsis, tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) or L. japonicus with respect to their expression in major cell types of the L. japonicus root differentiation zone, which shows molecular and morphological responses to symbiotic bacteria and fungi. (biomedcentral.com)
- We report the identification of the MINIYO (IYO) gene, a positive regulator of transcriptional elongation that is essential for cells to initiate differentiation in Arabidopsis. (blogspot.com)
- These findings identify IYO as a necessary and sufficient factor for initiating differentiation in Arabidopsis and suggest that the targeted nuclear accumulation of IYO functions as a transcriptional switch for this fate transition. (blogspot.com)
- In this work, a functional screening of transcription factors, using the Spanish collection TRANSPLANTA, identifies Arabidopsis OBP4 as a novel regulator of root growth by reducing cell elongation and cell differentiation. (upm.es)
Control the differentiation of meristem2
- Cytokinins control the differentiation of meristem cells in plant development, particularly in shoots and roots where plants undergo growth. (wikipedia.org)
- They control the differentiation of meristem into vascular tissue (phloem and xylem) and promote leaf development. (driftlessprairies.org)
Floral meristem2
- In addition, FALSIFLORA ( FA ), the tomato ortholog LEAFY , controls flowering time and floral meristem identity. (nature.com)
- There is limited information on the early floral development and the use of PGRs on return bloom of pears, thus, the objective of this research was to determine the time of visible transition from vegetative to floral meristem and investigate the effect of various PGRs on return bloom of pears. (ishs.org)
Apical meristems5
- In plants, stem cells reside in apical meristems, and provide the descendants required for post-embryonic growth and development throughout the life of a plant. (nih.gov)
- Apical meristems are found at the apex, or tip, of roots and buds, allowing roots and stems to grow in length and leaves and flowers to differentiate. (lumenlearning.com)
- Apical meristems differentiate into the three basic types of meristem tissue which correspond to the three types of tissue: protoderm produces new epidermis, ground meristem produces ground tissue, and procambium produces new xylem and phloem. (lumenlearning.com)
- 2016) utilized Illumina sequencing to integrate transcriptomic changes shoot apical meristems of floral buds in response to ethylene 16 , indicating that LTI, FT , and VRN1 involved in the process of floral development. (nature.com)
- Gibberellins are synthesized in the root and stem apical meristems, young leaves, and seed embryos. (driftlessprairies.org)
Morphogenesis1
- Differentiation involves morphogenesis but also cell-appropriate organelle biogenesis programs. (biomedcentral.com)
Plant16
- In plants, the "meristem" refers to a type of tissue comprising undifferentiated cells from which various other plant organs can develop through cell division and differentiation. (eurekalert.org)
- The plant researchers have identified two barley mutants named "intermedium-m" and "double seed 1", which form a wheat-like spike with a terminal floret that consumes the spike meristem thereby reducing the number of lateral spikelets per spike. (eurekalert.org)
- Prof. Dr. Maria von Korff Schmising, Head of the HHU Institute for Plant Genetics, about possible applications of the research findings: "These key regulators can be used to extend meristem activities. (eurekalert.org)
- Weibing' s research focuses on plant stem cell dynamics, aiming to understand the molecular cellular mechanisms underlying stem cell maintenance and differentiation. (jic.ac.uk)
- Cell division and differentiation at the shoot apical meristem lead to the formation of all above-ground plant organs. (jic.ac.uk)
- Induction of new shoot meristems from cultured root explants is a widely used, but poorly understood, process in which apical plant tissues are regenerated from adult somatic tissue through the de novo formation of shoot meristems. (biologists.com)
- Further, 21 candidate genes within three potentially novel QTLs were identified, they were mainly involved in the regulation of phytohormone, cell division and proliferation, meristem development, plant or organ development, and carbohydrate transport. (biomedcentral.com)
- As plant cells grow, they also become specialized into different cell types through cellular differentiation. (lumenlearning.com)
- The key to continued growth and repair of plant cells is meristem . (lumenlearning.com)
- Meristem is a type of plant tissue consisting of undifferentiated cells that can continue to divide and differentiate. (lumenlearning.com)
- Meristem allows plant stems and roots to grow longer (primary growth) and wider (secondary growth). (lumenlearning.com)
- LEAFY plant-specific transcription factors, which are key regulators of flower meristem identity and floral patterning, also contribute to meristem activity. (researchgate.net)
- Plant aerial development relies on meristem activity which ensures main body plant axis development during plant life. (researchgate.net)
- The use of plant growth regulators (PGRs) to increase flower formation in apples has been extensively used, however, the results are not always satisfactory, probably because of varietal differences and excessive crop load during flower induction and differentiation. (ishs.org)
- Plant growth and development requires a continuous balance between cell division and differentiation. (upm.es)
- It's the process of introducing dome-shaped meristematic tissue (shoot apical meristem or root apical meristem) and auxiliary shoots in nutrient media under controlled lab conditions for the regeneration of a whole plant. (plantcelltechnology.com)
Vascular2
- A brief history of the TDIF-PXY signalling module: balancing meristem identity and differentiation during vascular development. (academictree.org)
- Vascular cambium of stem is Partly primary and partly secondary meristem. (neetexambooster.in)
Chloroplast1
- It is not dissimilar to the gradient of proliferation and differentiation along developing roots [ 2 ] but, in contrast, it provides a unique opportunity to study chloroplast biogenesis and differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
Proliferation4
- Stem cells have the potential to develop into different kinds of cells, but both their differentiation and proliferation must be highly regulated or the result can be a disorganized mess. (icr.org)
- Monocot leaves, where cell proliferation and differentiation are displayed along a linear developmental gradient, provide an ideally suited experimental system to study these processes. (biomedcentral.com)
- The root apical meristem shows high rates of cell proliferation and is followed by the elongation zone, where meristematic activity ceases while cell elongation continues to increase cell length. (biomedcentral.com)
- OBP4 does not induce cell division in the root meristem but it promotes pericycle cell proliferation, forming callus-likes structures at the root tip as shown by expression of stem cells markers. (upm.es)
Vegetative3
- A larger vegetative shoot apical meristem (SAM) often produces more branching inflorescences. (nature.com)
- 2002). Furthermore, displays a tissue-specific appearance in vegetative meristems (Sund?s-Larsson et al. (woofahs.com)
- Samples were dissected under a dissecting microscope and classified as floral (domed meristem) or vegetative (flat meristem). (ishs.org)
Axillary4
- Meristems can be formed either during embryogenesis or during the plant's life such as, for instance, axillary meristems. (researchgate.net)
- While the shoot apical meristem (SAM) formed in the embryo only contributes to the main stem, the branched structure observed in many plants relies on axillary meristems (AMs) formed post-embryonically. (researchgate.net)
- An effective chemical fruit thinning program reduces the number of fruit per tree or per spur, thereby increasing the probability that the terminal axillary meristem on a flowering or fruiting spur will develop reproductive structures. (ashs.org)
- They can stimulate both the differentiation and the outgrowth of axillary buds. (answerlib.org)
Embryos2
- 1998). Overexpression of network marketing leads to enlarged SAMs in somatic embryos and an accelerated differentiation of early embryos from proembryonic public (PEMs), while down-regulation of precludes embryo differentiation (Belmonte et al. (woofahs.com)
- Accordingly, IYO is expressed in embryos, meristems, and organ primordia and not in mature tissues. (blogspot.com)
Primordia3
- Leaf primordia form at the flanks of the stem cell population in the shoot apical meristem. (biomedcentral.com)
- Differentiation subsequently occurs in leaf primordia basipetally, resulting in a gradient of easily distinguishable cellular morphologies of distal differentiated cells towards the tip of the leaf, basal progenitor proliferating cells adjacent to the shoot apical meristem, and all possible intermediate stages in between. (biomedcentral.com)
- By stimulating cell division , they regulate shoot meristem size, leaf primordia number, and leaf and shoot growth. (answerlib.org)
Transcriptional1
- Moreover, differential subcellular protein distribution further refines the domain of IYO function by directing nuclear accumulation, and thus its transcriptional activity, to cells initiating differentiation. (blogspot.com)
Elongation3
- Recent evidence suggests that in mammalian stem cells, derepression of developmental regulators during differentiation involves a shift from stalled to productive elongation of their transcripts [3,4,5], but factors mediating this shift have not been identified and the evidence remains correlative. (blogspot.com)
- Root morphology is divided into four zones: the root cap, the apical meristem , the elongation zone, and the hair. (wikimili.com)
- Cytokinins regulate root apical meristem size and promote lateral root elongation. (wikimili.com)
Imaging and genet1
- Recent advances in live imaging and genetics of mammalian division, movement and cell differentiation leading to development which integrate observations of biochemical tissue formation [14 ]. (lu.se)
Overexpression1
- Importantly, IYO overexpression induces premature cell differentiation and leads to meristem termination phenotypes. (blogspot.com)
Root8
- Cytokinins act in a restricted region of the root meristem, and their signaling and regulation of genes occurs through a multi-step phosphorelay mediate by cytokinin histidine sensor kinases, histidine phosphotransfer proteins, and cytokinin response regulator proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- Continuous growth on antagonist also leads to impairment of root meristem size, which suggests that iGluR-like channels may play a role in meristem maintenance. (intechopen.com)
- We focus on controlling morphological and histochemical responses of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and root apical meristem (RAM) of bamboo node by using a simple and versatile liquid culture system. (scirp.org)
- Microphotograph of the root tip of a broad bean show rapidly dividing apical meristem tissue just behind the root cap. (lumenlearning.com)
- The formation of new meristems is essential for the plastic expansion of the highly branched shoot and root systems. (researchgate.net)
- Cross-section of L. japonicus root (differentiation zone). (biomedcentral.com)
- In root meristems, meristematic cells divide continuously to sustain root growth. (upm.es)
- The apical meristem behind the root cap produces new root cells that elongate. (wikimili.com)
Reproductive1
- The comparative expression analysis of Ms4 and Ms4_homologs across the soybean developmental and reproductive stages showed significantly higher expression of Ms4 in early flowering (flower bud differentiation) stage than its homolog. (biomedcentral.com)
Shoots and roots1
- They are known to delay senescence in leaf tissues, promote mitosis, and stimulate differentiation of the meristem in shoots and roots. (driftlessprairies.org)
Growth10
- Growth occurs in the apices (tips) of stems and roots in stem-cell clusters known as meristems . (icr.org)
- 3) Three types of node portions-the first node (the base node near a rhizome tissue), middle nodes (upper nodes near the 1 st node), and the top meristem-were independently cultured in the SLCE, and it was found that the first node showed the best growth performance. (scirp.org)
- Often, the apical meristem of a single branch will become dominant, suppressing the growth of meristems on other branches and leading to the development of a single trunk. (lumenlearning.com)
- These three types of meristem are considered primary meristem because they allow growth in length or height, which is known as primary growth . (lumenlearning.com)
- Secondary meristems allow growth in diameter ( secondary growth ) in woody plants. (lumenlearning.com)
- Primary growth adds length or height, mediated by apical meristem tissue at the tips of roots and shoots-which is difficult to show clearly in cross-sectional diagrams. (lumenlearning.com)
- Intercalary meristem results into Primary growth. (neetexambooster.in)
- The aim of this study was to investigate growth responses of this species during and after a dry period by monitoring cambial and apical meristem activity at short time scale. (uqac.ca)
- Meristem growth was studied from May to October 2005 on seedlings of A. balsamea submitted to a 20-day-long dry period in June-July. (uqac.ca)
- Response of A. balsamea seedlings to a 20-day-long dry period consisted of good resistance of the cambial meristems during and after water stress, high sensitivity and rapid recovery of cell sizes during water depletion and slow but effective recovery of shoot growth after treatment. (uqac.ca)
Xylem1
- Irrigated and non-irrigated trees showed the same trend of xylem formation and timings of cell differentiation. (uqac.ca)
Organ1
- 2006). It marks the SAM boundaries and functions redundantly with STM to keep up meristem identity and organ separation (Belles-Boix et al. (woofahs.com)
Roots2
- Roots and stems grow in length because the meristem adds tissue "behind" it, constantly propelling itself further into the ground (for roots) or air (for stems). (lumenlearning.com)
- Roots grow from an apical meristem at the tip and can be divided into developmental zones along their longitudinal axis [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Initiation2
- Furthermore, we demonstrate a functional requirement for WUS activity during de novo shoot meristem initiation. (biologists.com)
- Three major ontogenetic processes are distinguished in pome trees: flower induction, initiation, and differentiation and after that anthesis. (ishs.org)
Gene5
- This gene controls the activity of the spike and floret meristems and thus the number of spikelet and kernels per spike. (eurekalert.org)
- The INT-M/DUB1 gene maintains meristem identity and suppresses meristem differentiation. (eurekalert.org)
- Although principally involved in maintaining indeterminacy in the shoot apical meristem (SAM), members of the KNOX gene family have been co-opted in the evolution and development of compound leaves where they suppress differentiation and extend the morphogenetic potential of the leaf. (cam.ac.uk)
- Co-option of KNOX gene expression to the maturing perianth delays cellular differentiation, facilitating the development of the nectar spur but requiring additional, unknown factors, to determine nectar spur fate. (cam.ac.uk)
- The onset of differentiation entails modifying the gene expression state of cells, to allow activation of developmental programs that are maintained repressed in the undifferentiated precursor cells [1,2]. (blogspot.com)
Stems3
- Name the meristem that is responsible for increase in length of stems. (atikaschool.org)
- Some common explants used in tissue culture processes include leaves, stems, meristem, and floral sections. (plantcelltechnology.com)
- When the apical meristem is damaged, not only does it resprout from the base adding additional flowering stems, it sends underground runners to establish another colony nearby. (driftlessprairies.org)
Developmental1
- How stem cells grow and divide, and how developmental programs and environmental cues are integrated into stem cell maintenance and differentiation remain largely unclear. (jic.ac.uk)
Lateral3
- The ability of spike meristem to form lateral spikelets thus remains intact. (eurekalert.org)
- Intercalary meristem is not a lateral meristem. (neetexambooster.in)
- Apical dominance (the inhibition of lateral bud formation) is triggered by auxins produced in the apical meristem (Boundless 2016). (driftlessprairies.org)
Apex1
Plants3
- We found that the mutant plants fail to maintain stem cells, resulting in the differentiation or death of stem cells. (nih.gov)
- In plants, stem cells are embedded in structures called meristems. (researchgate.net)
- Regions of plants where active cell division and differentiation takes place. (atikaschool.org)
Cambium1
- The two types of secondary meristem are both named cambium , meaning "exchange" or "change. (lumenlearning.com)
Stem cell population1
- While the regulation of the stem cell population in an established meristem is well described, how it is initiated in newly formed meristems is less well underst. (researchgate.net)
Induce1
- The function of OR is to induce the differentiation of proplastids or other noncolored plastids into chromoplasts for carotenoid accumulation. (yokohama-cu.ac.jp)
Establishment1
- AtRBR1 plays a central role in the mechanism controlling meristem cell differentiation, cell fate establishment and cell fate maintenance during organogenesis and gametogenesis. (nih.gov)