Membranes similar to cholesterol. Medical search. Frequent questions

Addition of equimolar amounts of lipids to PB 12 -PEO 10 results in bR orientation similar to that observed for pure lipids. (dtu.dk)
In this week's Journal of Neuroscience, researchers led by Jochen Walter at the University of Bonn, Germany, show that excessive levels of these membrane lipids alter several aspects of Aβ processing in cells, leading to higher levels of the toxic peptide. (alzforum.org)
Walter and colleagues approached the problem from a different direction, looking instead at the effect of membrane lipids. (alzforum.org)
Omega-3 fatty acids play an important role as structural membrane lipids, particularly in nerve tissue and the retina and are precursors to eicosanoids that are highly reactive substances such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes that act locally to influence a wide range of functions in cells and tissues [9] . (bodybuilding.com)
Membrane lipids of RBCs are believed to be the foundation of these cells' exquisite stability and deformability [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
There is enormous demand for lipids due to parasite growth inside the host cell [developing organelles (e.g. nucleus, mitochondria, food vacuoles and apicoplast) surrounded by membranes and accumulating lipids in lipid bodies] and subsequent replication. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell membranes have a fluid quality thanks to lipids and their consistency is similar to that of light oil. (alliedacademies.org)
The endoplasmic reticulum, which produces the lipids for all cell membranes, extends its membrane into the outer nuclear membrane. (alliedacademies.org)
MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)
Neutron reflection shows that ApoE-rHDL do not remove cholesterol but rather exchange saturated lipids, as occurs in the brain. (diva-portal.org)
Circulating cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, LP(a), and other inflammatory lipids were significantly reduced after the apheresis, while symptoms of the disorder and bioindexes of inflammation such as CRP improved. (uzh.ch)
Hemocyte membrane lipids of both species revealed similar general composition: i) their free sterol/PL ratio was above 0.4 and ii) their PL were predominated by the diacyl + alkyl forms of glycerophosphatidylcholine (PC), the plasmalogen form of glycerophosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and ceramide aminoethylphosphonate (CAEP). (univ-brest.fr)
Atherosclerosis is a diffuse, degenerative disease of the arteries that results in the formation of plaques composed of necrotic cells, lipids, and cholesterol crystals. (medscape.com)
Numerous intracellular signalling proteins interact with plasma membrane lipids of the cytoplasmic leaflet via specific lipid headgroup-binding domains. (biomedcentral.com)
Membrane phase behavior in cells permits transient concentration of specific proteins and lipids into dynamic nanoscopic domains. (gutoch.info)
We observe both sources of contrast in biomimetic membranes composed of saturated lipids, unsaturated lipids, and cholesterol. (gutoch.info)
Christine A. Curcio, PhD, professor of ophthalmology at the University of Alabama in Birmingham saw parallels between the formation of drusen in Bruch's membrane and lipids forming in cardiovascular vessel walls. (guldenophthalmics.com)
So, if she is correct about the collection of lipids in Bruch's membrane being similar to cardiovascular disease, then researchers and eventually patients might benefit from the work done in cardiovascular drug development. (guldenophthalmics.com)
There are 2 major types of lipids in the study comprising 1155 diabetic type 2 pa- blood: cholesterol and triglycerides. (who.int)
We propose the hypothesis that small high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by virtue of their capacity to exchange lipids, affecting neuronal membrane composition and vascular and synaptic functions. (cdc.gov)
The formation of lipid rafts and cavioli in biological membranes provides examples of cooperative association of lipids presumably assisted by the presence of cholesterol acting as a lineactant in the two-dimensional system of the membrane. (lu.se)

The barrier properties of cellular membranes are increasingly attracting attention as a source of inspiration for designing biomimetic membranes. (dtu.dk)
Fusion of cellular membranes begins with the formation of a stalk. (gutoch.info)

In general, the formation of acanthocytes depends on alteration of the lipid composition and fluidity of the red cell membrane. (medscape.com)
The role of the physicalchemical properties of intracellular membranous structures such as membrane fluidity in AD pathogenesis has been extensively studied. (healthycholesterolclub.com)
Experiments provide consistent data about membrane fluidity relations to various cellular processes, especially membrane processes. (healthycholesterolclub.com)
In particular, regulators of membrane fluidity, cholesterol and sphingomyelin, increased significantly during gametocyte maturation. (biomedcentral.com)

Membrane surfaces include the traditional bilayer membranes of cells and subcellular organelles formed by phospholipids. (nih.gov)
Similar lipid-water interfaces also occur in mixed micelles of phospholipids and bile acids in our digestive system, which may also include internalized triglycerides and cholesterol esters. (nih.gov)
Diacyl phospholipids constitute the defining molecules of biological membranes. (nih.gov)
Phospholipase A 1 (PLA 1 ) hydrolyzes phospholipid acyl chains at the sn -1 position of membrane phospholipids, phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ) hydrolyzes acyl chains at the sn -2 position, phospholipase C (PLC) hydrolyzes the glycerol-phosphodiester bond, and phospholipase D (PLD) hydrolyzes the polar group-phosphodiester bond. (nih.gov)
This Account will focus principally on results from deuterium exchange mass spectrometric (DXMS) studies of PLA 2 interactions with membranes and extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of their interactions with membranes and specific phospholipids bound in their catalytic and allosteric sites. (nih.gov)
They are important components of phospholipids and cholesterol esters, which are themselves integral to the neuronal cell membrane, especially synaptic and dendritic membranes, but also intracellular membranes such as mitochondria and vesicles. (cambridge.org)
The major membrane lipid class (phospholipids) decreased during gametocyte development. (biomedcentral.com)

Sticholysins I and II, cytolysins purified from the sea anemone Stichodactyla helianthus, act by lysing biological and model membranes. (bvsalud.org)
The PLA 2 s constitute a paradigm for how membranes interact allosterically with proteins, causing conformational changes and activation of the proteins to enable them to extract and bind a specific phospholipid from a membrane for catalysis, which is probably generalizable to intracellular and extracellular transport and phospholipid exchange processes as well as other specific biological functions. (nih.gov)
Lipid rafts are dynamic assemblies of cholesterol and sphingolipids, microdomains that form in the exoplasmic leaflet of the biological membranes shown to play a role in compartmentalization, modulation and integration of the cell signaling. (uwaterloo.ca)
Organization of biological membranes: fundamentals and applications. (alliedacademies.org)
A bilayer of lipid molecules makes up the double sheet that makes up biological membranes. (alliedacademies.org)
Membrane proteins and sugars are important structural elements of biological membranes [ 1 ]. (alliedacademies.org)
Membrane proteins are essential for maintaining the structural integrity, molecular structure, and material transport through biological membranes. (alliedacademies.org)
Phospholipases from the same snake type but different geographical locations have shown similar biochemical and biological activities with minor differences in protein sequences. (bvsalud.org)
Many biological membranes are asymmetric and exhibit complex lipid composition, comprising hundreds of distinct chemical species. (gutoch.info)
Identifying the biological function and advantage of this complexity is a central goal of membrane biology. (gutoch.info)
The nanoscale organization of biological membranes into structurally and compositionally distinct lateral domains is believed to be central to membrane function. (gutoch.info)

Sterols are essential components of cell membranes, and both animals and plants produce them. (drugs.com)

We observe a similar proportionality in single-component 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) model membranes when using cholesterol. (dtu.dk)
Different aspects of the interaction between peptides from the toxins' N-termini (StI1-31 and StI12-31 SELAGTIIDGASLTFEVLDKVLGELGKVSRK, and StII1-30 and StII11-30 ALAGTIIAGASLTFQVLDKVLEELGKVSRK) and model membranes - micelles and bilayers - have been studied to contribute to the elucidation of the toxins mechanism of action at the molecular level. (bvsalud.org)
Our neutron reflection results demonstrate that the protein variants interact differently with the model membranes, adopting different protein conformations. (diva-portal.org)

Monolayer membranes include the outer monolayer phospholipid surface of intracellular lipid droplets of triglycerides and various lipoproteins including HDL, LDL, VLDL, and chylomicrons. (nih.gov)
We conclude that UV-WF imaging and MP microscopy of DHE provide complementary information regarding membrane distribution and intracellular targeting of sterols. (epfl.ch)
[ 11 ] The NSDHL enzyme is located both within the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and on the surface of intracellular lipid storage droplets. (medscape.com)
[ 8 ] This enzyme is located both within the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and on the surface of intracellular lipid storage droplets. (medscape.com)

It is shown that cholesterol segregates preferentially around the receptors in both leaflets of the lipid bilayer, interacting robustly with specific transmembrane sites and creating a network of bridging microdomains. (iucr.org)
The membrane phospholipid bilayer forms the matrix within which membrane proteins, such as receptors and ion channels, are embedded and to which membrane-associated proteins involved in second messenger systems are attached. (cambridge.org)
The lipid bilayer, a double layer of phospholipid, cholesterol and glycolipid molecules that contains fatty acid chains and controls whether a membrane is formed into long, flat sheets or rounded vesicles, makes up the majority of a membrane. (alliedacademies.org)
Large proteins that transport ions and water soluble compounds across the membrane are embedded in the lipid bilayer. (alliedacademies.org)
A bilayer membrane with numerous pores surrounds the nucleus, which houses the cell's genetic material and allows materials to move between the nucleus and cytoplasm. (alliedacademies.org)
Early T cell signalling reactions are embedded in the complex and dynamic lipid bilayer matrix of the T cell plasma membrane and are critically defined by their lateral compartmentalisation in plasma membrane domains [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However specific lipid-mediated interactions at the T cell plasma membrane bilayer are also a central functional element in early TCR signalling. (biomedcentral.com)
They have a lipid bilayer similar to liposomes but are more heterogeneous in size and have a more complex make-up. (anton-paar.com)

The broad range of potential technological applications makes the use of lipid and lately also polymeric materials a popular choice for constructing biomimetic membranes, where the barrier properties can be controlled by the composition of the membrane constituent elements. (dtu.dk)
Here we investigate the membrane properties reported by the light-induced proton pumping activity of bacteriorhodopsin (bR) reconstituted in three vesicle systems of different membrane composition. (dtu.dk)
Specifically we quantify how the resulting proton influx and efflux rates are influenced by the membrane composition using a variety of membrane modulators. (dtu.dk)
In conclusion our results show how the barrier properties of the membranes can be controlled by the composition of the membrane. (dtu.dk)
Changes in the lipid composition of the membranes of red blood cells and platelets may account for the other blood abnormalities that sometimes occur in sitosterolemia. (medlineplus.gov)
Here, the authors develop a computationally efficient method for coarse-grained simulations of stalk formation and apply this approach to comprehensively analyse how stalk formation is influenced by the membrane lipid composition. (gutoch.info)

Here, cryo-EM is used to examine the protein-lipid architecture of this membrane in tubular vesicles obtained from the (muscle-derived) electric organ of the Torpedo ray. (iucr.org)
As reported earlier, the helical arrangement of the protein component of the vesicles facilitates image averaging and enables us to determine how cholesterol and phospho-lipid molecules are distributed in the surrounding matrix, using headgroup size as a means to discriminate between the two kinds of lipid. (iucr.org)
Here, we analyse by cryo-EM the architecture of this membrane in vesicles isolated from the (muscle-derived) electric organ of the Torpedo ray, with view to defining the protein-lipid interplay required to achieve an optimal neurotransmitter response. (iucr.org)
Sterolin is a transporter protein, which is a type of protein that moves substances across cell membranes. (medlineplus.gov)
Water-soluble proteins as well as membrane-bound proteins associate with membrane surfaces and bind specific lipid molecules in specific sites on the protein. (nih.gov)
DSC also indicated that the protein is stabilized by cholesterol in that the Tm increased in response to higher membrane cholesterol. (ox.ac.uk)
however certain metabolically active organelle membranes contain up to 75% protein. (alliedacademies.org)
RAS is a signaling protein associated with the cell membrane that is mutated in 30% of human cancers. (researchsquare.com)
In the absence of neurons, the major myelin membrane protein, the proteolipid protein (PLP), is internalized and stored in late endosomes/lysosomes (LEs/Ls) by a cholesterol-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis pathway that requires actin and the RhoA guanosine triphosphatase. (rupress.org)
Here we review new biophysical and biochemical data which provide an updated picture of the highly dynamic nanometer-sized cholesterol/sphingolipid-rich raft domains stabilised by protein-networks to form TCR signalling platforms in the T cell plasma membrane. (biomedcentral.com)
We will here discuss recent data which provide a detailed picture of the membrane raft characteristics of the plasma membrane domains supporting active TCR signalling protein complexes. (biomedcentral.com)

Revisiting the Latency of Uridine Diphosphate-Glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs)-How Does the Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane Influence Their Function? (mdpi.com)
Uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are phase 2 conjugation enzymes mainly located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the liver and many other tissues, and can be recovered in artificial ER membrane preparations (microsomes). (mdpi.com)
Here, we tested the existence and role of such phase behavior in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes. (gutoch.info)

These lipoproteins circulate in our blood and lymph systems and contain triglycerides, cholesterol, cholesterol esters, and proteins in their interior, and these are sometimes interspersed on their surfaces. (nih.gov)
Here, we identified in the transmembrane helix 7 of human CBRs a consensus sequence already known in other proteins as cholesterol recognition/interaction amino acid sequence and consensus pattern. (unboundmedicine.com)
The structure, functionality and significance of membranes and the proteins that make them up are briefly discussed in this essay, along with how they affect both health and disease. (alliedacademies.org)
Ions can freely diffuse into and out of cells thanks to membrane channels formed by specific proteins in the plasma membrane. (alliedacademies.org)
The RAS subfamily comprises peripheral membrane proteins with a conserved globular GTP-binding domain (G-domain)( 7 ) that is tethered to the cell membrane by a prenylated ~ 20 residue C-terminal domain called the hypervariable region (HVR)( 8, 9 ). (researchsquare.com)
Video microscopy technology resolving single molecule movement was employed to monitor the dynamic interaction of membrane-associated signalling proteins with TCR signalling clusters in plasma membrane domains. (biomedcentral.com)
These studies tracked the movement of Lck and LAT in the T cell plasma membrane and showed retention of these proteins in the submicron TCR signalling domains and their subsequent release. (biomedcentral.com)

Because cholesterol readily equilibrates between membranes, the disk membrane cholesterol content can be altered by incubation with cholesterol/phospholipid vesicles. (ox.ac.uk)
Additionally, new lipid structures also appear inside the host cell: the parasite is surrounded by a parasitophorous vacuole membrane [ 24 ] and new parasite induced membranous structures (Maurer's clefts and transport vesicles) emerge, which play an important role in trafficking of parasite virulence factors to the surface of infected red blood cell (iRBC) membranes. (biomedcentral.com)
Exosomes are nanometer-range vesicles originating from the fusion of endosomes with the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. (anton-paar.com)

In particular the use of mixed lipid-polymer systems may pave the way for constructing biomimetic membranes tailored for optimal properties in various applications including drug delivery systems, biosensors and energy conservation technology. (dtu.dk)

It is important to consider that both MCD and MCD/Cholesterol complexes likely modify the cholesterol content in internal membranes. (healthycholesterolclub.com)
The organelles are the spaces surrounded by internal membranes and have the plasma membrane as their external boundary. (alliedacademies.org)

Sterols play a unique role for the structural and dynamical organization of membranes. (mdpi.com)
Mutations in the ABCG5 or ABCG8 gene that cause sitosterolemia result in a defective sterolin transporter and impair the elimination of plant sterols and, to a lesser degree, cholesterol from the body. (medlineplus.gov)
Excess plant sterols, such as sitosterol, in red blood cells likely make their cell membranes stiff and prone to rupture, leading to hemolytic anemia. (medlineplus.gov)
A 1-year study in healthy patients consuming 1.6 g/day of plant sterols contained in a dietary spread demonstrated cholesterol-lowering effects as well as general tolerability with long-term consumption. (drugs.com)
Fortified margarines used for lowering cholesterol contain 2 g of plant sterols per daily portion. (drugs.com)
Bouic 2001 In the 1950s, it was noted that these sterols lower serum cholesterol concentrations by reducing the absorption of cholesterol from the gut. (drugs.com)
Plant sterols in fortified margarine reduce the absorption of cholesterol from the gut by about half. (drugs.com)
Plant sterols are potentially atherogenic, like cholesterol, but atherogenesis does not occur because very little of the plant sterol is absorbed (approximately 5% of beta-sitosterol). (drugs.com)
Free sterols were predominated by cholesterol in both species. (univ-brest.fr)

A second research team at UC San Diego School of Medicine has uncovered evidence that helps explains why: In short, removing cholesterol from cell membranes prevents the coronavirus from getting in. (netindian.in)
Note: not very specific has side effects for humans b/c binds to cholesterol in cell membranes. (brainscape.com)
These results seem to uncover the existence of a new structural determinant in cannabinoid receptors, that is likely implicated in directing their interaction with cholesterol-rich microdomains of cell membranes. (unboundmedicine.com)
Additionally, cell signalling systems are regulated by lipid products, such as diacylglycerols, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, free fatty acids and hydroxy-fatty acids derived from phospholipid membranes. (cambridge.org)
In biology, a membrane is a thin covering that serves as the external limit of a living cell or an internal cell compartment. (alliedacademies.org)
RAS signaling has been proposed to be regulated by dynamic heterogeneity of the cell membrane. (researchsquare.com)
Considerable controversy arose over the concept that cholesterol/sphingolipid-rich rafts in the T cell plasma membrane serve as a platform for TCR signalling reactions. (biomedcentral.com)
This controversy was founded on the initial definition of rafts as detergent resistant membranes which later turned out to misrepresent many features of cell membrane organisation under physiological conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
The TCR signalling cascade is initiated by phosphorylation of critical tyrosines of the TCR/CD3 complex by the Src-family kinases Lck or Fyn which are anchored in the cytoplasmic leaflet of the T cell plasma membrane. (biomedcentral.com)
The cytosolic ZAP-70 tyrosine kinase is recruited to the T cell plasma membrane via binding to the tyrosine phosphorylated TCR-complex [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
These complexes assemble into submicron TCR signalling domains in the T cell plasma membrane which were first studied by confocal fluorescence microscopy at the contact zone of a T cell with TCR-activating glass coverslips. (biomedcentral.com)
The analysis of detergent-resistant T cell membranes had initiated the concept that early TCR signalling steps take place in cholesterol/sphingolipid-rich raft domains of T cell plasma membranes [ 10 ] (see Box for an overview of the current perception of raft domains in cell membranes). (biomedcentral.com)
Cholesterol is a steroid lipid fat found in your blood that helps cell membranes function properly. (newhealthcorp.com)
Phytosterols are similar in structure to cholesterol and found in plant cell membranes. (newhealthcorp.com)
Cholesterol is necessary for the synthesis of hormones, production of digestive acids, stabilization of cell membranes, and formation of myelin on nerve fibers. (medscape.com)
Western" disease and deserves some of essential component in cell membranes and the attention and resources that are now steroid hormones. (who.int)

As this motif is different in the two CBR subtypes, we mutated lysine 402 of CB(1)R into glycine, to obtain a cholesterol recognition/interaction amino acid sequence and consensus similar to that of CB(2)R. Both mutated and wild-type receptors were transiently expressed in human neuronal SH-SY5Y cells, and their localization and functioning were investigated using biochemical assays and immunofluorescence labelling. (unboundmedicine.com)
Their effect on neuronal membrane dynamics and therefore on receptor, transporter and neurotransmitter function is profound (see below). (cambridge.org)
Finally, along with the resurgence of interest in lipid-neuronal membrane interactions, there are now a considerable number of quality randomised controlled trials demonstrating the efficacy of EFAs in a diverse number of psychiatric conditions. (cambridge.org)
Upon maturation, the rate of endocytosis is reduced, and a cAMP-dependent neuronal signal triggers the transport of PLP from LEs/Ls to the plasma membrane. (rupress.org)

The method reveals that the inner leaflet of a typical plasma membrane is far more fusogenic than the outer leaflet, which is likely an adaptation to evolutionary pressure. (gutoch.info)

We found a reduced propensity of the mutant CB(1)R to reside in cholesterol-rich microdomains and, by means of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis, we documented its loss of sensitivity to increased membrane cholesterol content. (unboundmedicine.com)

The effect of membrane cholesterol on rhodopsin was investigated using three independent techniques: thermal bleaching, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and activation of the cGMP cascade. (ox.ac.uk)

In particular, the impact of α-spinasterol on the structure and organization of lipid membranes was investigated and compared with those of cholesterol. (mdpi.com)
The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers' products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. (inchem.org)
The nature of this organization has remained elusive due to a lack of methods to directly probe nanoscopic membrane features. (gutoch.info)
The methods reported here for direct, probe-free imaging of nanodomains in unperturbed membranes open new avenues for investigation of nanoscopic membrane organization. (gutoch.info)

These enzymes either are membrane-bound or are water-soluble and associate with membranes before extracting their phospholipid substrate molecule into their active site to carry out their enzymatic hydrolytic reaction. (nih.gov)
Many small, fat soluble molecules, like oxygen, can pass through the membrane thanks to the fatty acid chains, but they are repelled by large, water soluble molecules, like sugar and electrically charged ions, like calcium. (alliedacademies.org)

Davidson 2001 Beta-sitosterol is the most common plant sterol and is structurally similar to cholesterol. (drugs.com)
Sequence alignments and comparison revealed that the PI-SVMP, kallikrein-like proteases, CRISPs, and VEGF-F of T. gracilis and Ovophis okinavensis are structurally most similar, consistent with their close phylogenetic relationship. (bvsalud.org)

In this study, we show that neurons regulate myelin membrane trafficking in oligodendrocytes. (rupress.org)

The postsynaptic membrane, apposing the pre-synaptic nerve terminal, is where transmitter-gated ion channels are concentrated. (iucr.org)
The postsynaptic membrane, by eliciting this response, plays a critical role in determining the efficacy and speed of synaptic transmission. (iucr.org)

Cholesterol interactions with the receptor are apparently essential for stabilizing and maintaining its physiological architecture, since the transmembrane structure contracts, involving displacements of the helices at the outer membrane surface by ∼2 Å (1-3 Å), when this lipid is extracted. (iucr.org)
Infective or allergic conjunctivitis , which is the inflammation or infection of the outer membrane of the eyeball. (setu.in)

The detailed sterol (free sterol proportions and compositions) and phospholipid (PL) compositions (relative proportions of PL classes and subclasses and their respective fatty acid (FA) compositions) of hemocyte membranes were investigated in two bivalve mollusks: the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum. (univ-brest.fr)
Dehydroergosterol (DHE) is an intrinsically fluorescent sterol with absorption/emission in the ultraviolet (UV) region and biophysical properties similar to those of cholesterol. (epfl.ch)
We found that the lateral resolution of MP microscopy is ∼1.5-fold higher than that of UV-WF deconvolution microscopy, allowing for improved spatiotemporal analysis of plasma membrane sterol distribution. (epfl.ch)
To rationalize these findings by the distinct lipid compositions, we computed ~200 free energies of stalk formation in membranes with different lipid head groups, tail lengths, tail unsaturations, and sterol content. (gutoch.info)

During vertebrate brain development, axons are enwrapped by myelin, an insulating membrane produced by oligodendrocytes. (rupress.org)

A similar degree of stabilization was observed in both the unbleached and bleached states in the DSC experiments. (ox.ac.uk)

We demonstrate here a multiscale simulation infrastructure that uses machine learning to create a scale-bridging ensemble of over 100,000 simulations of active wild-type KRAS on a complex, asymmetric membrane. (researchsquare.com)

[ 8 ] The exact pathogenesis by which this mutation causes the clinical findings in individuals with CHILD syndrome is still under investigation, but contributing factors likely include deficient cholesterol synthesis, buildup of toxic metabolites in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, and abnormal sonic hedgehog signaling. (medscape.com)

We found that GML potently altered order and disorder dynamics in the plasma membrane that resulted in reduced formation of LAT, PLC-γ, and AKT microclusters. (nature.com)
In abetalipoproteinemia, plasma cholesterol levels are very low, less than 50 mg/dL. (medscape.com)
Constitutive activation of oncogenic RAS perturbs several cellular signaling cascades, including the MAPK pathway, which RAS accesses via activation of RAF kinase at the plasma membrane (PM). (researchsquare.com)
Confocal fluorescence microscopy was employed to monitor the distribution of TCR signalling plasma membrane sites and to relate their distribution to that of clustered raft markers which show resistance to Triton X 100 detergent solubilisation. (biomedcentral.com)
The Er Membrane Is Typically Thinner And More Fluid Than The Plasma Membrane And It Contains More Curvature. (gutoch.info)
As a result, the ER membrane is thinner and sparser than plasma membrane, with more unsaturated lipid tails. (gutoch.info)
When extended to isolated mammalian plasma membranes, these methods reveal similar nanoscale lateral heterogeneities. (gutoch.info)
Her research has shown that the Retinal Pigment Epithelial (RPE) takes the cholesterol-rich lipoprotein from plasma to meet the metabolic requirements of the retina. (guldenophthalmics.com)

Beta-sitosterol has been used to lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and improve symptoms in mild to moderate benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). (drugs.com)
When your LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol is high, it causes plaque to build up in the arteries. (newhealthcorp.com)
It is a source of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids that increases HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol. (newhealthcorp.com)

A steroid (named after the steroid cholesterol which was first described in gall stones from Ancient Greek chole- 'bile' and stereos 'solid') is a biologically active organic compound with four fused rings arranged in a specific molecular configuration. (wikipedia.org)
When the two methyl groups and eight carbon side chains (at C-17, as shown for cholesterol) are present, the steroid is said to have a cholestane framework. (wikipedia.org)
The degree of masculinization is related to the oral budesonide optimally effective and (bad) cholesterol, decreases in HDL (good) your steroid cycle ends is most recommended. (showyou.com)

Initialized and validated with experimental data (including a new structure of active wild-type KRAS), these simulations represent a substantial advance in the ability to characterize RAS-membrane biology. (researchsquare.com)
SIGNIFICANCE We have used cryoEM to achieve direct, probe-free imaging of lateral domains in biomimetic lipid membranes under native conditions and to characterize differences in their structures. (gutoch.info)

If unavailable, they will be replaced by non-EFAs, changing the behaviour of the phospholipid molecules and affecting the tertiary and quaternary structures of membrane-bound receptors and associated neurotransmitters. (cambridge.org)
Small-angle neutron scattering shows that the ApoE containing lipid particles form elliptical disc-like structures, similar in shape but larger than nascent or discoidal HDL based on Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1). (diva-portal.org)

There has been controversy over the last 50 years in the UGT field with respect to the explanation for the phenomenon of latency: full UGT activity revealed by chemical or physical disruption of the microsomal membrane. (mdpi.com)

Law 2000 Because of this structural similarity, beta-sitosterol can replace cholesterol in the human body. (drugs.com)

HN - 2008 BX - Lateral Sinus MH - Atrial Septum UI - D054087 MN - A07.541.459.249 MS - The thin membrane-like muscular structure separating the right and the left upper chambers (HEART ATRIA) of a heart. (bvsalud.org)

Significantly reduced photobleaching in MP microscopy of DHE enabled us to acquire three-dimensional z -stacks of DHE-stained cells and to obtain high-resolution maps of DHE in surface ruffles, nanotubes, and the apical membrane of epithelial cells. (epfl.ch)

Altered membrane events induced selective inhibition of TCR-induced phosphorylation of regulatory P85 subunit of PI3K and AKT as well as abrogated calcium influx. (nature.com)

The cholinergic postsynaptic membrane is an acetyl-choline receptor-rich membrane mediating fast chemical communication at the nerve-muscle synapse. (iucr.org)
Structure of the ACh receptor in Torpedo postsynaptic membrane. (iucr.org)

When a molecule of EDTA travels through the bloodstream and gets near a toxic metal such as lead or mercury, it grabs the destructive particle and binds tightly with it, pulling it out of the membrane or body tissue it was embedded in. (smart-publications.com)

Almost all biologically relevant steroids can be presented as a derivative of a parent cholesterol-like hydrocarbon structure that serves as a skeleton. (wikipedia.org)
These results suggest that cholesterol affects the disk membrane properties such that thermally induced unfolding is inhibited, thus stabilizing the rhodopsin structure. (ox.ac.uk)
Moreover, the ApoE3 structure at the model membrane is sensitive to the level of lipid unsaturation. (diva-portal.org)

The membrane organelles play a key role in many cellular processes, such as nutrition intake and conversion, chemical synthesis, energy production and regulation of metabolic pathways. (alliedacademies.org)

The compounds in them help block the absorption of cholesterol into the bloodstream. (newhealthcorp.com)

What if there was a way to reverse the damage of cardiovascular disease by reducing cholesterol and blood viscosity, increasing flexibility in the blood vessels, and removing toxins? (smart-publications.com)

We present evidence that when a PLA 2 associates with a membrane, the membrane association can result in a conformational change in the enzyme whereby the membrane association with an allosteric site on the enzyme stabilizes the enzyme in an active conformation on the membrane. (nih.gov)
We sometimes refer to this transition from a "closed" conformation in aqueous solution to an "open" conformation when associated with a membrane. (nih.gov)

The morphology of acanthocytes in these various conditions is similar, but the pathogenesis and clinical context often greatly differ. (medscape.com)

Upon infection and development of the asexual parasite the surface of the RBC membrane displays membrane protrusions-so called knobs, which harbour the virulence factor PfEMP1 that mediates cytoadhesion. (biomedcentral.com)

The loss-of-function mutation seen in CHILD syndrome prevents the NSDHL enzyme from catalyzing a step in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. (medscape.com)
CHILD syndrome is caused by an X-linked dominant mutation in the NSDHL gene encoding for an enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. (medscape.com)

The current study reports data on the membrane properties of the phytosterol (3β,5α,22 E )-stigmasta-7,22-dien-3-β-ol (α-spinasterol), which represents an important component of argan oil and have not been investigated so far in molecular detail. (mdpi.com)

Anatomy41

Organisms12

Diseases14

Chemicals and Drugs116

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment23

Phenomena and Processes48

Technology, Industry, Agriculture8

Information Science3

Health Care2

Lipids21

Cellular membranes2

Fluidity4

Phospholipids7

Biological11

Components of cell membranes1

Model membranes3

Intracellular4

Bilayer8

Composition6

Protein11

Endoplasmic reticulum3

Proteins7

Vesicles3

Biomimetic membranes1

Internal membranes2

Sterols9

Cell16

Neuronal4

Leaflet1

Microdomains1

Effect of membrane1

Organization4

Water-soluble2

Structurally2

Regulate1

Synaptic2

Outer membrane2

Sterol4

Myelin1

Stabilization1

Asymmetric1

Abnormal1

Plasma8

Lipoprotein3

Steroid3

Characterize2

Structures2

Disruption1

Structural1

Lateral1

Epithelial1

Selective1

Receptor2

Binds1

Structure3

Pathways1

Absorption of cholesterol1

Cardiovascular1

Conformation2

Pathogenesis1

Surface1

Enzyme2

Phytosterol1