ProteinsIntrinsic ProteinMammalianAQPsPeribacteroid membranePlasmaSubfamilies2023Lipid bilayerSelectivityEpithelial cellsApicalCytoplasmicAquaglyceroporinsIsoformsCharacterizationPathophysiologyTranscriptionalCellTransporters2022BiologicalCellsTubularGenesBrainSodiumRolesTransportAminoGlycerolPhysiologicalCerebralInfectionLensSequenceFunctionDiffusionNativePurificationWater channelReactiveApproximately
Proteins29
- This review focuses on emerging topics encompassing the functional involvement of aquaporin channel proteins (AQPs) and membrane transport systems, also allowing permeation of NO and hydrogen peroxide, a major ROS, in oxidative stress physiology and pathophysiology. (hindawi.com)
- This notion has been challenged by the discovery of new membrane transport functions, especially those exerted by aquaporins (AQPs), a family of membrane channel proteins widespread in nature [ 10 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Approximately 25 percent of proteins localize to membranes, where they act as receptors and signaling molecules in biological processes, including respiration, neurotransmission, and molecular transport. (the-scientist.com)
- Because membrane proteins represent 40 percent of drug targets, understanding them is crucial for drug discovery. (the-scientist.com)
- Yet, performing structure-function analyses on membrane proteins is challenging because in their native states they are embedded within the plasma membrane's hydrophobic lipid bilayer. (the-scientist.com)
- Because of this, membrane proteins are inherently unstable in aqueous solution, requiring distinct strategies for their solubilization, purification, and maintenance. (the-scientist.com)
- 1 Mass photometry is a bioanalytical characterization technology that can help researchers characterize membrane protein properties, such as oligomerization or other complex formations and assess the purity of samples containing membrane proteins. (the-scientist.com)
- Even after careful optimization, detergents do not necessarily resemble the native lipid bilayer, and researchers do not always obtain stably solubilized membrane proteins with intact functions. (the-scientist.com)
- It is challenging for researchers to assess the quality of mimetics and identify which samples contain highly concentrated, stable membrane proteins. (the-scientist.com)
- To overcome these difficulties, researchers working with membrane proteins would benefit from a method that can quickly and accurately characterize sample quality and composition. (the-scientist.com)
- Mass photometry offers a powerful solution for the characterization of membrane proteins. (the-scientist.com)
- Mass photometry provides the mass distribution of membrane proteins and other sample components at the single-molecule level within a few minutes using very little sample. (the-scientist.com)
- Moreover, mass photometry works with a variety of membrane proteins and mimetics including detergents, nanodiscs, styrene maleic acid copolymers form self-assembling lipid-protein particles (SMALPs), and amphipols, making it compatible with extant membrane protein purification workflows. (the-scientist.com)
- MIPs are classified into five subfamilies in higher plants, including plasma membrane (PIPs), tonoplast (TIPs), NOD26-like (NIPs), small basic (SIPs) and unclassified X (XIPs) intrinsic proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- One of the plant clusters includes only tonoplast (TIP) proteins, while another includes plasma membrane (PIP) proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- MIP family proteins are believed to form aqueous pores that selectively allow passive transport of their solute(s) across the membrane with minimal apparent recognition. (wikipedia.org)
- InterPro: IPR012269) These proteins form water-specific channels that provide the plasma membranes of red cells, as well as kidney proximal and collecting tubules with high permeability to water, thereby permitting water to move in the direction of an osmotic gradient. (wikipedia.org)
- Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is a familial hemolytic disorder associated with a variety of mutations that lead to defects in red blood cell (RBC) membrane proteins. (medscape.com)
- In HS, intrinsic defects in erythrocyte membrane proteins result in RBC cytoskeleton instability. (medscape.com)
- Spectrin deficiency can result from impaired synthesis of spectrin or from quantitative or qualitative deficiencies of other proteins that integrate spectrin into the red cell membrane. (medscape.com)
- I am a plant cell biologist and protein biochemist at Oxford Brookes University with expertise in the structure and function of the plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER), membrane proteins and auxin biosynthesis using biochemical techniques as well as high-resolution live cell imaging. (brookes.ac.uk)
- I further investigated membrane proteins and the targeting of tail-anchored proteins at Sheffield Hallam University. (brookes.ac.uk)
- The well-characterized mammalian proteins are found in renal (IIa isoform) and intestinal (IIb isoform) brush border membranes and are about 640 amino acyl residues long with 8-12 putative TMSs. (tcdb.org)
- Most inherited congenital cataracts are accounted for by mutation in genes encoding abundant cytoplasmic or membrane proteins of lens fiber cells. (wustl.edu)
- Phylogenetic analysis showed similar numbers of AQPs clustered in five distinct subfamilies including the plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), the tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs), the nodulin 26-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs), the small basic intrinsic proteins (SIPs), and the uncharacterized intrinsic proteins (XIPs). (biomedcentral.com)
- Aquaporins (AQPs) are small (21-34 kD) integral membrane proteins, which form channels facilitating movement of water and other small solutes across the cell membrane. (biomedcentral.com)
- As explored in Membranes I: Introduction to Biological Membranes , there is a wide variety of embedded components that are essential to the life of the cell, including lipids , carbohydrates, and proteins - many of which regulate what is allowed to pass into and out of the cell (Figure 1). (visionlearning.com)
- Takata K, Matsuzaki T, Tajika Y. Aquaporins: water channel proteins of the cell membrane. (benthamscience.com)
- Aquaporins are homotetrameric channel proteins, which allow the diffusion of water and small solutes across biological membranes. (uniparthenope.it)
Intrinsic Protein1
- Moreover, when leaves of the Plasma membrane Intrinsic Protein (PIP) aquaporin quadruple mutant pip1;1 pip1;2 pip2;1 pip2;2 were tested, robust wild-type-like responses to ABA were observed. (biomedcentral.com)
Mammalian3
- Mammalian aquaporins. (wikipedia.org)
- Mammalian porters of the PNaS family may catalyze cotransport of 3 Na + with 1 inorganic phosphate. (tcdb.org)
- This protein complex has also been implicated in regulating a number of signaling pathways, including Wnt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), STAT3, cMET, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), as well as in the localization and activity of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance (CFTR). (basicmedicalkey.com)
AQPs4
- This review focuses on an emerging topic, the functional involvement of AQPs in ROS membrane transport, with specific regard to the movement of hydrogen peroxide and NO into and out of cells, in both health and oxidative stress-induced diseases. (hindawi.com)
- The aquaporins (AQPs) are water selective. (wikipedia.org)
- Aquaporins (AQPs) facilitate transport of water and small solutes across cell membranes and play an important role in different physiological processes in plants. (biomedcentral.com)
- Among AQPs, TIPs and PIPs are specifically located in vacuolar and plasma membranes, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
Peribacteroid membrane2
- Soybean nodulin-26, a major component of the peribacteroid membrane induced during nodulation in legume roots after Rhizobium infection. (wikipedia.org)
- NIPs are homologous to GmNod26, an abundantly expressed transcript in the peribacteroid membrane of nitrogen-fixing nodules of soybean roots [ 13 ] and are mostly found in the plasma membrane. (biomedcentral.com)
Plasma12
- MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)
- These currents are activated by interaction with ER-resident Ca 2+ sensor molecules STIM that translocate to plasma membrane-near regions in response to store depletion, inducing to store operated Ca 2+ entry (SOCE). (nature.com)
- Aharon R, Shahak Y, Wininger S, Bendov R, Kapulnik Y, Galili G (2003) Overexpression of a plasma membrane aquaporins in transgenic tobacco improves plant vigour under favourable growth conditions but not under drought or salt stress. (usal.es)
- Aroca R, Porcel R, Ruiz-Lozano JM (2007) How does arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis regulate root hydraulic properties and plasma membrane aquaporins in Phaseolus vulgaris under drought, cold or salinity stresses? (usal.es)
- The molecular organization of differentially curved caveolae indicates bendable structural units at the plasma membrane. (leibniz-fmp.de)
- Studying how molecules travel across plasma membranes (cell membranes) is the key to understanding and treating many medical conditions. (visionlearning.com)
- The plasma membrane serves as a semi-permeable barrier to the cell. (visionlearning.com)
- All plasma membranes possess transporters to help move molecules from one side of the membrane to the other. (visionlearning.com)
- In addition, the root cause of the disease has been identified: The plasma membranes of cells in the affected organs are missing a key component and so do not function properly. (visionlearning.com)
- The plasma membrane (also called the cell membrane) is anything but a simple barrier between the inside of a cell and the environment outside of it. (visionlearning.com)
- The plasma membrane of all cells is a barrier to most molecules . (visionlearning.com)
- The interior environment of the plasma membrane is highly hydrophobic because of the close crowding of all of the fatty acid hydrocarbon tails (see Membranes I: Introduction to Biological Membranes ). (visionlearning.com)
Subfamilies2
- The MIP superfamily includes three subfamilies: aquaporins, aquaglyceroporins and S-aquaporins. (wikipedia.org)
- The continuum Poisson-Boltzmann electrostatic potential along the channel was calculated and compared for ten three-dimensional-structures which are representatives of different aquaporin subfamilies, and a panel of functionally characterized mutants, for which high-accuracy three-dimensional-models could be derived. (uniparthenope.it)
20231
- 2023 Sep;28(3):490-499. (unil.ch)
Lipid bilayer1
- Throughout the years, ROS and NO have been widely considered to enter cells by freely diffusing through the cell membrane lipid bilayer and not via specific transporters or channels. (hindawi.com)
Selectivity3
- The contribution of individual residues in the pore to the selectivity of orthodox aquaporins and aquaglyceroporins is not yet fully understood. (uniparthenope.it)
- To gain insights into aquaporin selectivity, we focused on the sequence variation and electrostatics of their channels. (uniparthenope.it)
- Evaluation of electrostatics of the mutants, along with a thorough sequence analysis of the aquaporin pore-lining residues, illuminated the contribution of specific residues to the electrostatics of the channels and possibly to their selectivity. (uniparthenope.it)
Epithelial cells3
- Aquaporin-5 (AQP5) is a water-specific channel located on the apical surface of airway epithelial cells. (plos.org)
- Aquaporin-5 (AQP5) is a water-specific channel located on the apical membrane of epithelial cells in several sites in mammals, including corneal and pancreatic epithelium, secretory cells in salivary and lacrimal glands, and airway submucosal glands, bronchial epithelium and type I pneumocytes of the respiratory tract. (plos.org)
- PC1 and PC2 are found on the primary cilium, a hair-like structure present on the apical membrane of a cell, in addition to the cell membranes and cell-cell junctions of tubular epithelial cells. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Apical1
- In addition, it separates and regulates access between the apical and basolateral membrane domains of polarized epithelia. (plos.org)
Cytoplasmic1
- Bacterial glycerol facilitator protein (gene glpF), which facilitates the movement of glycerol non-specifically across the cytoplasmic membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Aquaglyceroporins1
- According to their transport function, aquaporins can be divided into 'orthodox aquaporins', which allow the flux of water molecules only, and 'aquaglyceroporins', which facilitate the diffusion of glycerol and other small solutes in addition to water. (uniparthenope.it)
Isoforms1
- The AM symbiosis also improves root hydraulic conductivity under saline conditions, and this may be due to enhanced symplastic and apoplastic radial water flow in rice roots, mediated by the induction of specific aquaporin isoforms and also by the additional water-absorbing surface of AM fungal hyphae. (usal.es)
Characterization1
- Mass photometry advances membrane protein characterization by offering fast and precise mass measurements of samples containing membrane mimetics. (the-scientist.com)
Pathophysiology1
- Vella J, Zammit C, Di Giovanni G, Muscat R, Valentino M. The central role of aquaporins in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. (benthamscience.com)
Transcriptional1
- The major events in the regulation of the host response on a transcriptional level occur within the first 3 days after infection. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell8
- Investigation of HS has afforded important insights into the structure and function of cell membranes and the role of the spleen in maintaining RBC integrity. (medscape.com)
- Red cell membranes isolated from individuals with autosomal recessive HS have only 40-50% of the normal amount of spectrin (relative to band protein 3). (medscape.com)
- I am committed to interdisciplinary research, and an example of the successes gained from this approach is the project with Prof A Nabok (Engineering Sheffield Hallam University) using total internal reflection ellipsometry to quantify protein-membrane interactions on native plant membranes and human cell lines. (brookes.ac.uk)
- Did you know that the absence of one tiny amino acid in cell membranes causes Cystic Fibrosis, a life-threatening disease? (visionlearning.com)
- And a common aliment, heartburn, is treated with medicine that slows down the rate at which protons are pumped across cell membranes into the stomach. (visionlearning.com)
- Many types of components are mingled throughout the cell membrane. (visionlearning.com)
- The movement of water between cells was not well understood until 1992, when channels were discovered within the fragile cell membranes that encase all animal cells. (karger.com)
- To explore the potential of AVPR2 in the immunotherapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), thus providing insights into a novel antitumour strategy. (biomedcentral.com)
Transporters1
- Aquaporins are multifunctional water and solute transporters highly divergent in living organisms. (benthamscience.com)
20221
- 2022 Mar;298(3):101740. (leibniz-fmp.de)
Biological1
- For example, water cannot pass directly through a biological membrane because it is a polar molecule , with partial positive and partial negative charges . (visionlearning.com)
Cells2
- Water is also be transported from the luminal side of cells into the vasculature by aquaporin 3. (drugbank.com)
- Increased cAMP promotes protein kinase A activity, among other effectors, and, in turn, leads to cyst growth by promoting proliferation and fluid secretion of cyst-lining cells through chloride and aquaporin channels in ADPKD kidneys. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Tubular1
- In some patients, circulating antirifampin antibodies and immunoglobulin G (IgG) deposits along the tubular basement membranes have been reported. (medscape.com)
Genes1
- Identification of these genes is providing insight into the processes required for normal lens development and suggesting candidates for genes that may contribute to inherited cataracts later in life. (wustl.edu)
Brain2
- Ion channel activity has been shown for Aquaporins 0, 1, and 6, Drosophila 'Big Brain' (bib) and plant Nodulin-26. (wikipedia.org)
- Animals were sacrificed at 1, 3, 10 and 26 days after infection, the brain harvested and the cortex and hippocampus were sampled. (biomedcentral.com)
Sodium2
- Research into pain relievers provided insight into the most important and universal transporter in the human body, the sodium-potassium pump. (visionlearning.com)
- Ions , such as sodium (Na + ) and chloride (Cl - ), have an even more difficult time going through the membrane than glucose . (visionlearning.com)
Roles1
- Roles of aquaporins in human cancer have been reviewed as have their folding pathways. (wikipedia.org)
Transport2
- Aquaporins selectively transport glycerol as well as water while glycerol facilitators selectively transport glycerol but not water. (wikipedia.org)
- Some aquaporins can transport NH3 and CO2. (wikipedia.org)
Amino1
- The third subfamily, with little conserved amino acid sequences around the NPA boxes, include 'superaquaporins' (S-aquaporins). (wikipedia.org)
Glycerol1
- The currently known aquaporins cluster loosely together as do the known glycerol facilitators. (wikipedia.org)
Physiological1
- For example, examination of the physiological characteristics of some of the organisms in the "unknown majority" has provided new insights into their adaptations to "extreme" environments, those at the fringes of habitability as we know it. (nationalacademies.org)
Cerebral1
- Role of aquaporin-4 in cerebral edema and stroke. (benthamscience.com)
Infection2
- Whereas in the acute phase of the disease immunoregulatory processes prevail in the hippocampus and the cortex, we observed a strong activation of neurogenic processes in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, both by gene expression and immunohistology starting as early as 3 days after infection. (biomedcentral.com)
- Quantitative proteomic analysis of the rice genotypes 93-11and Nipponbare after F. fujikuroi infection revealed that the aquaporin protein PIP2-2 might execute bakanae disease resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
Lens1
- In the native form, it is an aquaporin (AQP), but during lens development, it becomes proteolytically truncated. (wikipedia.org)
Sequence1
- The sequence homology concept [ 1 - 3 ] is collectively founded upon the inductive reasoning that a homologous protein group (as an antecedent) shares a high level of sequence similarity (as a consequent) [ 4 - 8 ]. (beds.ac.uk)
Function3
- Widely-used membrane mimetics for protein purification and structure-function studies include detergents, lipid emulsions, nanodiscs, and amphipols. (the-scientist.com)
- Using this method, researchers can directly analyze samples without labeling or other modifications necessary for traditional methods, which can interfere with a membrane protein's structure, function, and activity. (the-scientist.com)
- Examples of function annotation using dissectHMMER, including the function discovery of an uncharacterized membrane protein Q9K8K1_BACHD (WP_010899149.1) as a lactose/H+ symporter, are presented. (beds.ac.uk)
Diffusion1
- Here we combine experimental and theoretical approaches and show that oxidation of Orai1 leads to reduced subunit interaction, slows diffusion and that either oxidized C195 or its oxidomimetic mutation C195D located at the exit of transmembrane helix 3 virtually eliminates channel activation by intramolecular interaction with S239 of transmembrane helix 4, thereby locking the channel in a closed conformation. (nature.com)
Native1
- To preserve native membrane protein properties and structures, researchers typically use membrane mimetics to recreate a lipid environment in aqueous solutions. (the-scientist.com)
Purification2
- Amphipols, nanodiscs, and and other complex membrane mimetics are more stabilizing than detergents, but their use demands additional purification steps, increasing protocol complexity. (the-scientist.com)
- Membrane protein purification using mimetics requires numerous steps and different protocols depending on the protein of interest. (the-scientist.com)
Water channel1
- Mass photometry measurement of water channel aquaporin 4 (AQP4) sample solubilized using SMALPs. (the-scientist.com)
Reactive1
- The inhibition is mainly mediated through the reactive cysteine C195 at the exit of transmembrane region 3 (TM3) of Orai1, a residue that is not conserved in the paralogue Orai3, which currents are not inhibited by oxidation 22 . (nature.com)
Approximately1
- [ 3 ] HS is inherited in autosomal dominant fashion due to mutations in ANK1, SPTB or SLC4A1 in approximately 90% of cases. (medscape.com)