• Proton-exchange membranes are primarily characterized by proton conductivity (σ), methanol permeability (P), and thermal stability. (wikipedia.org)
  • Proton conductivity and other characterization techniques were carried out for the polymeric membranes. (unr.edu)
  • Water Management: The control of water content within the membrane is vital for maintaining its conductivity and preventing performance degradation. (itpes.net)
  • This configuration allows investigation of individual proton conducting channels within the membrane, including their number, connectivity, and conductivity, properties critical to fuel cell performance. (ucsb.edu)
  • Conductivity is related strongly to humidification, and therefore, this generally decreases above 100 °C. Nanocellulose membranes for fuel cells in which the proton conductivity increases up to 120 °C are reported here for the first time. (elsevierpure.com)
  • With a high ionic conductivity, Graphene Oxide could potentially take the place of the Pt catalyst as the main membrane used in PEMFCs. (asee.org)
  • The high proton conductivity of proton exchange membranes (PEMs) made of Nafion ® is attributed to a random 3D network of elongated water channels formed by bundles of rod-like inverted micelles. (iucc.ac.il)
  • Alignment of bundles, e.g., by stretching, is known to significantly enhance the in-plane conductivity, yet achieving alignment normal to the membrane surface, desired for most applications, is challenging. (iucc.ac.il)
  • The proton conductivity and NaCl diffusion permeability (sodium chloride diffusivity) tested by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrated superior intrinsic conductivity and selectivity of the composite membrane as compared to commercial Nafion membranes. (iucc.ac.il)
  • The proton conductivity of the hybrid was 3 × 10 -2 S/cm at 140°C without degradation, which can potentially be used as an advanced PEM electrolyte membrane for intermediate temperature operation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This is their essential function when incorporated into a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell or of a proton-exchange membrane electrolyser: separation of reactants and transport of protons while blocking a direct electronic pathway through the membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • One such technical barrier identified by the U. S. Department of Energy is the need for high-speed, in-line process control of platinum-based catalyst layers in the membrane electrode assembly of the fuel cell. (nist.gov)
  • Membrane electrode assembly is the core part of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs)," according to the article. (buffalo.edu)
  • SEM image of carbon cloth electrode after removing overlaying Nafion membrane, showing the presence of Pt particles that have been deposited through the membrane's hydrophilic channels. (ucsb.edu)
  • Experimental apparatus consisting of Pt tip (cathode), which scans the surface of a proton exchange membrane hot-pressed to a carbon cloth electrode embedded with Pt particles (anode) and exposed to hydrogen gas. (ucsb.edu)
  • Initial work has focused on Nafion membranes (a perfluorosulfonic acid polymer) and commercially available electrode materials imaged under ambient conditions, while controlled variations in electrode fabrication and membrane preparation have also been explored. (ucsb.edu)
  • These factors are membrane thickness, hot-pressing conditions of the gas diffusion layer (GDL) either onto the membrane or membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and Teflon:carbon ratio in the GDL on PEM fuel cell performance. (metu.edu.tr)
  • Graphene Oxide could function as the membrane electrode assembly in a PEMFC. (asee.org)
  • These measurements show a strong non-uniformity of the temperature profile through the membrane electrode assembly that future models should take into account. (mechanics-industry.org)
  • A proton-exchange membrane, or polymer-electrolyte membrane (PEM), is a semipermeable membrane generally made from ionomers and designed to conduct protons while acting as an electronic insulator and reactant barrier, e.g. to oxygen and hydrogen gas. (wikipedia.org)
  • After comparing fresh and degraded performances of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) based components of a hydrogen cycle with the help of computational fluid dynamics simulations, recently established stand-alone solar energy system producing hydrogen for energy storage is investigated focusing on the effects of degradation of fuel cells on the overall performance of the system. (metu.edu.tr)
  • Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells are an efficient and clean alternative power source, but high cost impedes widespread commercialization. (elsevierpure.com)
  • He holds numerous research awards and owns the rights to four patents in the Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cells area. (asee.org)
  • The fuel for the PEMFC is hydrogen, and the charge carrier is the hydrogen ion (proton). (wikipedia.org)
  • Large-scale commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology has been hindered by issues of reliability, durability, and cost, which are all related to the degradation of fuel cell performance. (taylorfrancis.com)
  • Hierarchical nanostructured erythrocyte -like hollow carbon ( EHC ) with a hollow hemispherical macroporous core of ca. 230 nm in diameter and 30-40 nm thick mesoporous shell was synthesized and explored as a cathode catalyst support in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell ( PEMFC ). (rsc.org)
  • The simulation of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) may work as a powerful tool in the development and widespread testing of alternative energy sources. (itpes.net)
  • Current distributions in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with interdigitated and serpentine flow fields under various operating conditions are measured and compared. (psu.edu)
  • In the present work, the effect of operating a high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) with different reactant gases has been investigated throughout performance tests. (metu.edu.tr)
  • With contributions from international scientists and engineers active in PEMFC research, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Contamination and Mitigation Strategies discusses the impacts of contamination and the contamination mitigation strategies to improve fuel cell performance and durability. (canada.ca)
  • This paper deals with dynamics characterization of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) in Wienerstructure. (poliupg.ac.id)
  • While Nafion is an ionomer with a perfluorinated backbone like Teflon, there are many other structural motifs used to make ionomers for proton-exchange membranes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The fluorinated ionomer Nafion, which is today the most widely utilized proton-exchange membrane material, was developed by DuPont plastics chemist Walther Grot. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nafion® membranes are one of the most commonly used electrolytes in methanol and hydrogen fuel cells. (ucsb.edu)
  • Recently it has been shown that the Pt catalyst can be deposited electrochemically through the hydrophilic channels of the Nafion membrane [5]. (ucsb.edu)
  • The ion-conduction channel model of a Nafion® membrane placed between two electrodes. (ucsb.edu)
  • In our work, catalyst particles are deposited through commercially available Nafion membranes (117, 112, and 212) by electrochemical pulse deposition. (ucsb.edu)
  • We have found that a large number (~60%) of the aqueous domains present at the surface of a Nafion membrane are electrochemically inactive. (ucsb.edu)
  • Nafion (R) 112 and 115 which have nominal thicknesses of 50 and 125 mu m, respectively, were used as membranes. (metu.edu.tr)
  • The membrane is made of nafion. (asee.org)
  • Hence graphene oxide is found to be more effective than nafion membrane. (asee.org)
  • A few attempts to obtain such alignment by confining Nafion in nanometric trans-membrane pores of solid anodized aluminium oxide (AAO) membranes were reported, so far with limited success. (iucc.ac.il)
  • and (ii) control of filling rate through a combination of thermal and vacuum evaporation of Nafion solution through the membrane. (iucc.ac.il)
  • Single cell tests using the alloy catalysts coated on Nafion-212 membranes with H2 and O2 gases showed that the fuel cell performance in the activation and the ohmic regions are almost similar comparing conventional electrodes to Pt-Pd anode electrodes. (bilkent.edu.tr)
  • PEM fuel cells use a solid polymer membrane (a thin plastic film) which is permeable to protons when it is saturated with water, but it does not conduct electrons. (wikipedia.org)
  • A number of technical problems led NASA to forego the use of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells in favor of batteries as a lower capacity but more reliable alternative for Gemini missions 1-4. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, some fuel-cell cars, including the Toyota Mirai, operate without humidifiers, relying on rapid water generation and the high rate of back-diffusion through thin membranes to maintain the hydration of the membrane, as well as the ionomer in the catalyst layers. (wikipedia.org)
  • The primary application of proton-exchange membranes is in PEM fuel cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Widespread commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells remains curbed by various manufacturing and infrastructure challenges. (nist.gov)
  • 2010). Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Contamination and Mitigation Strategies (1st ed. (taylorfrancis.com)
  • Bipolar plates are key components of proton exchange membrane fuel cells - they notably distribute fuel gas and air and conduct electricity. (horiba.com)
  • Our work shows that protonic membranes can make hydrogen from ammonia, natural gas and biogas so efficiently that hydrogen fuel cell cars will have lower carbon footprint than electric cars charged from the electricity grid. (greencarcongress.com)
  • The report in Science marks the first demonstration of proton ceramic membrane technology at practical scales to make hydrogen for fuel cell cars and other clean energy deployments. (greencarcongress.com)
  • With the ability to run on natural gas, biogas, or ammonia, the proton ceramic membranes offer a fuel-flexible and fuel-flexible hydrogen production platform. (greencarcongress.com)
  • And when hydrocarbons are used as fuel, the membranes directly deliver by-product CO 2 as a concentrated stream that can easily be liquified for cost-effective transport to use or storage so that no carbon is released to the atmosphere. (greencarcongress.com)
  • Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) was developed for the use in PEM fuel cells. (unr.edu)
  • Single membrane tests were carried out to study the performance of the fuel cell. (unr.edu)
  • Membrane in a fuel cell that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity with water as the only by product. (electricvehiclesresearch.com)
  • This Standard specifies the requirements, test equipment, test methods, inspection rules and marking, packaging, transportation and storage, etc. for proton exchange membrane fuel cell modules for road vehicles. (google.com)
  • This Standard applies to proton exchange membrane fuel cell modules for road vehicles (hereinafter referred to as modules). (google.com)
  • In recent years, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have gained significant attention as a clean and efficient energy conversion technology. (itpes.net)
  • Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are devices that convert chemical energy from hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction. (itpes.net)
  • These fuel cells consist of several key components, including a proton exchange membrane, an anode, a cathode, and bipolar plates. (itpes.net)
  • Modeling and simulation have become indispensable tools in the field of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. (itpes.net)
  • An article in Nanowerk on "highly-durable biomimetic nanotrough electrodes developed for proton exchange membrane fuel cells" cites a study in collaboration with engineering professor Gang Wu. (buffalo.edu)
  • Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) based on high-temperature (100-300 C) proton exchange membranes (HT-PEMs) offer significant advantages over the current low-temperature DMFCs based on perfluorosulfonic acid (e.g. (edu.au)
  • The electrochemically active area of a proton exchange membrane in an operating fuel cell is investigated using conductive probe atomic force microscopy. (ucsb.edu)
  • Shown at left is a side view of the fuel cell flow stage used for AFM scans, consisting of i) proton exchange membrane ii) insulating layer iii) Pt loaded carbon cloth (anode) iv) copper base. (ucsb.edu)
  • The objective of this study is to determine the effects of various factors on the performance of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. (metu.edu.tr)
  • It was observed that fuel cell performance is inversely proportional to membrane thickness. (metu.edu.tr)
  • The fuel cell membrane, e.g. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Fuel cells with nanocellulose membranes are successfully operated at 80 °C. Additionally, these membranes are environmentally friendly and biodegradable. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) are a type of renewable energy source which function by converting hydrogen produced from renewable sources such as biomass into water and clean combined heat and electric power, since carbon dioxide is not generated as a bi-product. (asee.org)
  • Measurement of heat fluxes and electrodes temperature in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell were performed using platinum wires and heat flux sensors. (mechanics-industry.org)
  • The flow field design is critical for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell optimization, and a novel cathode matrix flow field is experimentally investigated in this work. (espublisher.com)
  • Hybrid proton exchange membrane used in fuel cell with amino-functionalized metal-organic framework in sulfonated polyimide to construct efficient ion transport channel. (espublisher.com)
  • The objective of this review is to provide a summary of modeling and experimental research efforts on transport phenomena in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). (asme.org)
  • Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have been considered to be a key technology for renewable energy systems such as an alternative battery for electric vehicles (EVs), stationary power generators, and mobile phones. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Bosson Research's latest report provides a deep insight into the global Automotive Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell market covering all its essential aspects. (rnrmarketresearch.com)
  • The report structure also focuses on the competitive landscape of the Global Automotive Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Market, this report introduces in detail the market share, market performance, product situation, operation situation, etc. of the main players, which helps the readers in the industry to identify the main competitors and deeply understand the competition pattern of the market. (rnrmarketresearch.com)
  • In a word, this report is a must-read for industry players, investors, researchers, consultants, business strategists, and all those who have any kind of stake or are planning to foray into the Automotive Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell market in any manner. (rnrmarketresearch.com)
  • He came to Lund nearly four years ago to benefit from Kemicentrum's successful research on polymer membranes, a kind of plastic film that plays a key role in fuel cells. (lu.se)
  • PEMs can be made from either pure polymer membranes or from composite membranes, where other materials are embedded in a polymer matrix. (wikipedia.org)
  • As a result, new anhydrous proton conductors, such as protic organic ionic plastic crystals (POIPCs) and protic ionic liquids, are actively studied for the development of suitable PEMs. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this paper, a series of short stacks with 2-cell, 6-cell and 10-cell employing phosphotungstic acid functionalized mesoporous silica (HPW-meso-silica) nanocomposite proton exchange membranes (PEMs) have been successfully fabricated, assembled and tested from room temperature to 200 °C. The effective surface area of the membrane was 20 cm2 and fabricated by a modified hot-pressing method. (edu.au)
  • Grot also demonstrated its usefulness as an electrochemical separator membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • Proton ceramic membranes are electrochemical energy converters that work by first splitting hydrogen-containing molecules, such as water or methane, and then further breaking hydrogen atoms into protons and electrons. (greencarcongress.com)
  • With our proton ceramic membranes, we can combine otherwise distinct steps of conventional hydrogen production from fuels like natural gas and ammonia into a single stage where heat for catalytic hydrogen production is supplied by the electrochemical gas separation. (greencarcongress.com)
  • Owing to its applicability in sustainable engineering, flow electrochemical synthesis in a proton-exchange membrane (PEM) reactor has attracted considerable attention. (frontiersin.org)
  • When the membrane potential is considered, PCFT generates substantial transmembrane electrochemical-potential gradients at extracellular pH levels relevant to the tumor microenvironment. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The two North Dakota universities and Proton OnSite are developing a 300°C-capable polymerâ inorganic composite (PIC) proton exchange membrane for low-pressure (15-psi) ammonia synthesis. (aiche.org)
  • In this paper, a new class of amphiphilic organic/inorganic hybrid membranes have been synthesized through sol-gel processing of bridged polysilsesquioxanes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The membrane doped with acidic moieties such as 12-phosphotungstic acid shows large protonic conductivities at intermediate temperatures up to 140°C and was found to be flexible as well as thermally stable due to the temperature tolerant inorganic frameworks in the hybrids. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Protons are transported through the solid ceramic membrane while electrons are transported separately through a metallic conductor connected to a power source. (greencarcongress.com)
  • When protons and electrons recombine on the other side of the ceramic membrane, pure hydrogen is produced as a compressed gas. (greencarcongress.com)
  • It is the terminal component of a respiratory chain that transfers single electrons from cytoplasmic NADPH across the plasma membrane to molecular oxygen on the exterior. (lu.se)
  • Key to the recent breakthrough in the scale-up is a novel nickel-based glass-ceramic composite interconnect material developed by CoorsTek Membrane Sciences. (greencarcongress.com)
  • Membranes were cast from various polymers and composite membranes were prepared with heteropoly acid (HPA) particles. (unr.edu)
  • Bind to proton pump of parietal cell, inhibiting secretion of hydrogen ions into gastric lumen. (medscape.com)
  • This enzyme, located in the apical secretory membrane of the parietal cell, plays a key role in the secretion of H+ (protons). (msdmanuals.com)
  • With the 2-cell stack, the open circuit voltage was 1.94 V and it was 5.01 V for the 6-cell stack, indicating a low gas permeability of the HPW-meso-silica membranes. (edu.au)
  • A platinum coated AFM tip functions as a nanoscale cathode as it scans the surface of a membrane, diagramed in Figure 1. (ucsb.edu)
  • 3HF partitions to the lipid bilayer membrane with a reasonably large partition coefficient. (bioone.org)
  • As a membrane is recognized to be a key element for more efficient PEMFCs, new classes of polymer electrolytes have been investigated elsewhere. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Endocytosed proteins are sorted in early endosomes to be recycled to the plasma membrane or transported further into the degradative pathway. (rupress.org)
  • Although recycling of endocytosed Tf to the plasma membrane continued in the presence of Baf, recycled Tf did not dissociate from its receptor, indicating failure of Fe3+ release due to a neutral endosomal pH. (rupress.org)
  • The proton-conducting pathway of bacteriorhodopsin (BR) contains at University, PO Box 124 least nine internal water molecules that are thought to be key players in SE-22100 Lund, Sweden the proton translocation mechanism. (lu.se)
  • While the locations and inferred H-bond connec- water molecules in a membrane protein, despite tivities of these internal water molecules are essen- being deeply buried and extensively H-bonded to tial, one would also like to quantify their mobility. (lu.se)
  • A development team from CoorsTek Membrane Sciences, in collaboration with international research partners, have successfully used ceramic membrane technology to develop a scalable hydrogen generator that makes hydrogen from electricity and fuels including natural gas, biogas and ammonia with near zero energy loss. (greencarcongress.com)
  • Volume-responsive sodium and proton movements in dog red blood cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Coupling between sodium and proton movements in dog red blood cells was investigated directly using the fluorescent probe 3,3'- dipropylthiadicarbocyanine (diSC35) and indirectly by measurement of potassium movements through valinomycin channels. (cdc.gov)
  • Sodium flux through the membrane occurred in exchange for protons and was inhibited by amiloride. (cdc.gov)
  • Proton movements were driven by an imposed sodium gradient, and movements of sodium ions were driven by an imposed proton gradient. (cdc.gov)
  • The authors conclude that the sodium/proton exchange mechanism in dog red blood cells activated by cell shrinkage is electroneutrally coupled. (cdc.gov)
  • sults: sodium 133 mmol/L, potassium membrane regulator gene ( CFTR ) on He was readmitted 5 more times 3.4 mmol/L, chloride 100 mmol/L and chromosome 7. (who.int)
  • Transport from late endosomes to lysosomes, but not sorting of integral membrane proteins in endosomes, depends on the vacuolar proton pump. (rupress.org)
  • Our hypothesis is that this effect is of electrostatic origin and that the observed behavior is due to proton charge fluctuations of the histidines, promoting attractive electrostatic interactions between the positively charged proteins and the anionic surfaces, with concomitant counterion release. (lu.se)
  • In the following, we refer to pump of halophilic archaebacteria, has become the these as the extracellular (EC) channel and the paradigm of membrane proteins in general and ion cytoplasmic (CP) channel. (lu.se)
  • Under operating conditions this membrane absorbs water and phase separates into hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains [1-4]. (ucsb.edu)
  • This method places the catalyst only in the hydrophilic domains and avoids the waste resulting from Pt deposition under the hydrophobic regions of the membrane. (ucsb.edu)
  • The PIC membrane will also have application in high-temperature water electrolysis for lower power-consumption lower-cost high-purity hydrogen production. (aiche.org)
  • In 2014, Andre Geim of the University of Manchester published initial results on atom thick monolayers of graphene and boron nitride which allowed only protons to pass through the material, making them a potential replacement for fluorinated ionomers as a PEM material. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is worth mentioning that the hydrogenation reaction in the PEM reactor utilizes water as a proton source, enabling the avoidance of explosive hydrogen gas. (frontiersin.org)
  • Construction of reliable ion-conducting channels based on the perfluorinated anion-exchange membrane for high-performance pure-water-fed electrolysis. (espublisher.com)
  • The polymer membrane can also be applied to filter sand from sea water. (lu.se)
  • The membrane potential of the red blood cells was determined before and after cell shrinkage as the external potassium concentration at which there was no change in diSC35 fluorescence. (cdc.gov)
  • Using multiple reflectivity-based optical methods, such as optical scatterometry and large aperture projection scatterometry, we demonstrate in-line-capable catalyst loading measurements of carbon-supported Pt nanoparticle and Pt-alloy nanostructured thin film catalyst coated membranes. (nist.gov)
  • Data and information regarding PIC membrane fabrication, performance, and durability will be presented. (aiche.org)