Membrane sequence 3 phosphoinositide dependent protein kinases. Medical search. Frequent questions

To address the possibility that activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR/FRAP), represents one of these pathways, we have examined the effect of simultaneous inhibition of the Ras-MAPK and PI3K-mTOR pathways on transformation of CEF by v-Src. (embl.de)
Glioblastoma (GBM), a very aggressive and incurable tumor, often results from constitutive activation of EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) and of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). (sdbonline.org)
It possesses an N-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain that interacts with equal affinity with the second messengers PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and PtdIns(3,4)P2, generated through insulin and growth factor-mediated activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). (rcsb.org)
Signaling through the phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase (PI3K) pathway is crucial for metabolic responses to insulin, and defects in PI3K signaling have been demonstrated in type 2 diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
PTEN (MMAC1) is a lipid/protein phosphatase that can negatively regulate the PI3K pathway by dephosphorylating phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate, but it is unclear whether PTEN is physiologically relevant to insulin signaling in vivo. (diabetesjournals.org)
Phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase (PI3K) is a crucial signaling enzyme whose activity is regulated by a variety of biological stimuli, including insulin ( 1 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Activated PI3K phosphorylates the 3′-position of the ring in inositol phospholipids, generating phosphatidylinositol ( 3 , 4 ), diphosphate, and phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate (PIP3). (diabetesjournals.org)
PTEN also has phosphoinositide 3′-phosphatase activity and is therefore capable of suppressing PI3K signaling by dephosphorylating PIP3 ( 11 , 12 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Normally, upon the stimulations by growth factors (GFs), the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are activated, and then recruit PI3K protein complex on the membrane to generate phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) from phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biophosphate (PIP2) [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Tyrosine phosphorylation of RTKs, or adaptor proteins such as IRS-1 facilitate their binding with p85 regulatory subunits of PI3K, and then bring PI3K complex on membrane [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
cSH2 domain S690 phosphorylation decreases p85 binding affinity to tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins resulting in less PI3K membrane localization [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The PTKc family is part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other kinases such as protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). (umbc.edu)
PIK3CA is a component of the Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), an enzyme that regulates cellular growth and proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)

Thus, conventional and novel PKCs are activated through the same signal transduction pathway as phospholipase C. On the other hand, atypical (a)PKCs (including protein kinase Mζ and ι / λ isoforms) require neither Ca2+ nor diacylglycerol for activation. (wikipedia.org)
Inhibition of the Ras-MAPK pathway by expression of the dominant-negative Ras mutant HRasN17 or by addition of the MAPK kinase (MEK) inhibitor PD98059 reduced several of these parameters but failed to block transformation. (embl.de)
This novel trafficking/chaperoning pathway underpins neurotransmission, as secretory vesicles rely on the zippering of SNARE proteins such as syntaxin-1 to undergo fusion with the plasma membrane. (edu.au)
The ↑[Ca 2+ ] i activates a signaling cascade that involves, sequentially, calcium-calmodulin, nitric oxide synthase, guanylyl cyclase, and protein kinase G. This signal transduction pathway enables Cl − to pass through vesicular channels and act as a counterion for the transport of H + , so that the vesicles of secretogogue-stimulated cells become acidic. (jneurosci.org)
Others are recycled back to the plasma membrane via the recycling pathway. (wormbook.org)
We have recently shown that this same pathway modulates the content of integral membrane proteins and, in collaborative studies, that it is also involved in maintenance of the sterol composition of the plasma membrane. (berkeley.edu)
Protein phosphorylation is crucial for signaling transduction of this pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
UBE3A is associated with cervical cancer and may combine with the E6 proto-oncogene encoded by HPV16 within cervical cancer cells to form the E6/E6-AP protein complex through the ubiquitin proteasome pathway ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
In addition, numerous important cellular proteins, such as B-cell lymphoma-2 homologous antagonist/killer, Myc proto-oncogene protein, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B, DNA replication licensing factor MCM-7, retinoblastoma 1 and Annexin A1, are degenerated through the UBE3A-mediated ubiquitin proteasome pathway ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
We establish a pH dependant oligomerisation pathway forming tetrameric DEC-205 using solution-based techniques and ultimately solved the 4.9 Å cryo-EM structure of the DEC-205 tetramer to identify the unfurling of the second lectin ring which enables tetramer formation. (uci.edu)
Interestingly, rbf1 -induced apoptosis leads to a debcl - and drp1 -dependent Reactive Oxygen Species production, which in turn activates the Jun Kinase pathway to trigger cell death. (sdbonline.org)

In cell biology, Protein kinase C, commonly abbreviated to PKC (EC 2.7.11.13), is a family of protein kinase enzymes that are involved in controlling the function of other proteins through the phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups of serine and threonine amino acid residues on these proteins, or a member of this family. (wikipedia.org)
The catalytic region is highly conserved among the different isoforms, as well as, to a lesser degree, among the catalytic region of other serine/threonine kinases. (wikipedia.org)
The pseudosubstrate region, which is present in all three classes of PKC, is a small sequence of amino acids that mimic a substrate and bind the substrate-binding cavity in the catalytic domain, lack critical serine, threonine phosphoacceptor residues, keeping the enzyme inactive. (wikipedia.org)
The second messenger PIP3 recruits and activates 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) and AKT serine/threonine kinase on the membrane [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
PIP3 phosphatase PTEN is inactivated upon phosphorylation in its C-terminal region by several serine/threonine kinases [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Phosphoinositide phosphatases play an essential but as yet not well-understood role in lipid-based signal transduction. (embl.de)
The C2 domain is a Ca 2+ -dependent membrane-targeting module found in many cellular proteins involved in signal transduction or membrane trafficking. (embl.de)
The atypical protein kinase C (PKC) member PKC-zeta has been implicated in several signal transduction pathways regulating differentiation, proliferation or apoptosis of mammalian cells. (embl.de)
The prominence of Kv7 channels as regulators of electrical excitability may be ascribed to their unique properties, such as a very negative threshold of activation (negative to −50 mV), absence of time-dependent inactivation, and high sensitivity to signal transduction pathways that influence their probability of opening, either positively or negatively ( Delmas and Brown, 2005 ). (aspetjournals.org)
To understand the signal transduction required, we focused primarily on IL-6 induction by measuring mitogen-activated protein kinase activity and analyzing the effects of mutant or dominant negative forms of Vav, Rac1, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase-1 (JNK1). (aai.org)
PTEN (MMAC1/TEP1) is a dual-specificity protein phosphatase involved in signal transduction and tumor suppression ( 9 , 10 ). (diabetesjournals.org)

The recruitment of specific cytosolic proteins to intracellular membranes through binding phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) controls such processes as endocytosis, regulated exocytosis, cytoskeletal organization, and cell signaling. (embl.de)
Particular C2s appear to bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. (embl.de)
have begun to reveal new components and new mechanisms associated with intracellular membrane traffic in a variety of cell types. (wormbook.org)
Cullen, 1997), suggesting that an increase in intracellular IP4 levels leads to the release of the PH domain from the membrane. (sdbonline.org)
This allows ephrin/EphR dimers to form, leading to the activation of the intracellular tyr kinase domain. (umbc.edu)
Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) is a lipid-droplet-associated protein that coordinates intracellular lipolysis in highly oxidative tissues and is thought to regulate lipid metabolism in response to phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). (uci.edu)

More specifically, substrates with certain FYVE domains (named after the first four proteins in this motif, Fab1, YotB, Vac1p, and EEA1) bind PIP, and these pathways have been implicated in vesicular trafficking or receptor-mediated endocytosis ( 5 ). (asm.org)
Parafollicular (PF) cells secrete 5-HT in response to stimulation of a G-protein-coupled Ca 2+ receptor (CaR) by increased extracellular Ca 2+ (↑[Ca 2+ ] e ). (jneurosci.org)
Ras signaling can be thought of in simple terms as occuring downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases, triggered by association of adaptor proteins with the phosphorylated cytoplasmic tails of these receptors. (sdbonline.org)
The encoded protein is an inhibitory receptor. (nih.gov)
The IREM-1 (CD300f) inhibitory receptor associates with the p85alpha subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase. (nih.gov)
Activation of the pheromone receptor-coupled G protein initiates a four-tiered cascade of protein kinases, ultimately resulting in stimulation of a messenger-activated protein kinase or MAPK (Fus3) that translocates into the nucleus. (berkeley.edu)
Binding of insulin to its receptor activates the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase, resulting in autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of several substrates, including insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 through -4. (diabetesjournals.org)
Catalytic domain of Ephrin Receptor Protein Tyrosine Kinases. (umbc.edu)
EphRs comprise the largest subfamily of receptor tyr kinases (RTKs). (umbc.edu)
The overexpression of miRNA‑375 significantly suppressed the levels of protein expression of ubiquitin‑protein ligase E3A (UBE3A) and Insulin‑like growth factor‑1 receptor (IGF‑1R) in HPV‑18(+) cervical cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
Here we describe the 3.2 Å cryo-EM structure of human DEC-205, thereby illuminating the structure of the mannose receptor protein family. (uci.edu)

The majority of inositol lipids reside in membranes and serve as substrates for kinases, phosphatases, and phospholipases. (asm.org)
Organelles are also identified by the presence of specific Phosphoinositide (PI) lipids on the cytosolic leaflet of their membrane. (upstate.edu)
Specific distribution of PI lipids is regulated, either by the localization of a kinase-phosphatase pair or, by vesicular and non-vesicular lipid transport. (upstate.edu)
Phosphoinositides (PPIs) together with various kinases and phosphatases were described as specific lipids and enzymes with signaling functions earlier ( Martin, 1998 ). (frontiersin.org)
Endocytosis is the vesicle-mediated process used by all cells to internalize extracellular macromolecules, plasma membrane lipids, and plasma membrane proteins ( Figure 1 ). (wormbook.org)
One important model for mechanistic studies of endocytosis in C. elegans focuses on oocytes, which internalize huge quantities of yolk proteins and their associated lipids by clathrin-mediated endocytosis ( Grant and Hirsh, 1999 ). (wormbook.org)
MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)

Next, we observed that Acanthamoeba specifically activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. (asm.org)
It phosphorylates and activates several downstream kinases, including AMP-dependent kinase, AMPK . (sdbonline.org)

Acanthamoeba -mediated brain endothelial cell death was abolished using LY294002, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor. (asm.org)
The overexpression of miRNA‑375 significantly increased caspase‑3 and caspase‑9 activities, induced B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2)/Bcl‑2‑associated X protein, tumor protein 53 and cyclin‑dependent kinase inhibitor 1 protein expression and suppressed cyclin D1 and survivin protein expression in HPV‑18(+) cervical cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)

Vav overexpression resulted in the constitutive activation of JNK1 with little or no effect on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and ERK2. (aai.org)

Moreover, we showed that Acanthamoeba produces severe HBMEC cytotoxicity by secreting extracellular proteases, as well as using contact-dependent mechanisms such as phagocytosis ( 12 ), which may play an important role in blood-brain barrier perturbations. (asm.org)
and (3) the level of tumor-derived extracellular miRNAs might vary with the age of the patient and the status of disease, so their value as non-invasive biomarkers are reduced. (frontiersin.org)
More than 90% of extracellular miRNAs are vesicle-free, but form a complex with proteins such as Agonaute2 (AGO2) ( 22 , 23 ). (frontiersin.org)
They can be classified into two classes (EphA and EphB), according to their extracellular sequences, which largely correspond to binding preferences for either GPI-anchored ephrin-A ligands or transmembrane ephrin-B ligands. (umbc.edu)
Further study demonstrated that this exacerbated metabolic dysfunction and inflammation may be regulated by the phosphoinositide 3 kinase/protein kinase B and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)

Ypk1, in turn, regulates (via its phosphorylation of multiple substrates) maintenance of sphingolipid and glycerolipid homeostasis and bilayer lipid organization in the plasma membrane. (berkeley.edu)
PTKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. (umbc.edu)

In addition, downregulation of the V-ATPase subunit VhaPPA1-1 reduces Akt and Tor-dependent signaling and restores clearance. (sdbonline.org)
Orthologous to human PIK3C2A (phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 2 alpha). (nih.gov)
Many receptors and their associated ligands cluster into clathrin-coated pits by association with clathrin adaptor proteins such as the four-subunit complex AP2. (wormbook.org)

For example, alkaline vacuole/lysosome are deficient in autophagy, Golgi pH regulates its ability to glycosylate proteins and failure to maintain endosomal pH perturbs with its ability to recycle receptors to the Plasma membrane or, the trans-Golgi. (upstate.edu)
The PI 3-kinase PI3KC2α regulates mouse platelet membrane structure and function independently of membrane lipid composition. (nih.gov)
RT "A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase class III sub-complex containing VPS15, RT VPS34, Beclin 1, UVRAG and BIF-1 regulates cytokinesis and degradative RT endocytic traffic. (pdbj.org)
FLIM-FRET analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that PLIN5 S155 phosphorylation regulates PLIN5 interaction with adipose triglyceride lipase at the lipid droplet, but not with α-β hydrolase domain-containing 5. (uci.edu)

The Wee1 class of protein-tyrosine kinase has an important role in cell cycle control. (berkeley.edu)
In vitro kinase assay is applied to identify the kinase of PIK3CA/p110α tyrosine phosphorylation. (biomedcentral.com)

The phosphoinositide phosphatase Sac1p controls trafficking of the yeast Chs3p chitin synthase. (embl.de)
Myotubularin-related protein 14 (MTMR14) is a novel phosphoinositide phosphatase with roles in the maintenance of normal muscle performance, autophagy, and aging in mice. (biomedcentral.com)
Myotubularin-related protein 14 is a novel phosphoinositide phosphatase. (biomedcentral.com)
The authors have previously reported that the Salmonella typhimurium SigD protein, a phosphatidylinositol phosphatase involved in invasion of the host cell, inhibits yeast growth, presumably by depleting an essential pool of phosphatidylinositol 4,5- bis phosphate, and also that a catalytically inactive version, SigD R468A , was able to arrest growth by a different mechanism that involved disruption of the actin cytoskeleton. (microbiologyresearch.org)
It is concluded that the Salmonella SigD protein deprived of its phosphatase activity is able to disrupt yeast morphogenesis by interfering with Cdc42 function, opening the possibility that the SigD N-terminal region might directly modulate small GTPases from the host during infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)

and phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate biosynthetic process. (nih.gov)
Polyubiquitination of PfPI3K and its binding to PfKelch13 were reduced by the PfKelch13 mutation, which limited proteolysis of PfPI3K and thus increased levels of the kinase, as well as its lipid product phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P). (nature.com)
Cloning and subcellular localization of a human phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase, PIKfyve/Fab1. (microbiologyresearch.org)

There are several endocytic pathways that utilize different mechanisms to internalize portions of the plasma membrane. (wormbook.org)
What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
Interferon signaling and the unfolded protein response (UPR) were enriched pathways among affected genes. (biomedcentral.com)
We identified interferon signaling, viral response, and protein targeting pathways that are induced by insulin but dependent on Viperin in PIK3CA H1047R mutant cells. (biomedcentral.com)

This study reports that LKB1 binds to Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase (PDK1) by a conserved binding motif. (sdbonline.org)
Furthermore, a PDK1-consensus motif is located within the kinase domain of LKB1 and LKB1 gets phosphorylated by PDK1 in vitro. (sdbonline.org)
The binding of PKB to PtdIns(3,4,5)P3/PtdIns(3,4)P2 recruits PKB from the cytosol to the plasma membrane and is also thought to induce a conformational change that converts PKB into a substrate that can be activated by the phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1). (rcsb.org)
Our data provides the first structural insight into the mechanism by which the interaction of PKB with PtdIns(3,4,5)P3/PtdIns(3,4)P2 induces conformational changes that could enable PKB to be activated by PDK1. (rcsb.org)

We demonstrate that protein kinase N (PKN) facilitates mTORC1 signalling by repressing PI3KC2-β-mediated phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate synthesis downstream of mTORC2. (nature.com)

To date, it is well known that lncRNAs participate in chromatin modifications and transcriptional and translational regulation of protein-encoding genes or regulate protein function and activity through specific binding [ 3 - 5 ]. (jcancer.org)
60% of human protein-coding genes, mostly by binding to the 3′- untranslated region (3′UTR) of the target mRNAs ( 5 ) and, therefore, miRNAs affect gene expression networks of a variety of biological processes including development, apoptosis, proliferation, and metabolism ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
RNA polymerase II mainly transcribes microRNA genes as primary miRNA transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that contain 5′cap and 3′poly(A) tails ( 28 ). (frontiersin.org)
CRT effects are related to alterations in genes and microRNAs (miRs) expression, which regulate cardiac processes involved in cardiac apoptosis, cardiac fibrosis, cardiac hypertrophy and angiogenesis, and membrane channel ionic currents. (hindawi.com)
This domain occurred 367 times on human genes ( 852 proteins). (umbc.edu)

Using tobacco pollen tubes as a model, we addressed the signaling effects of PA by probing the functions of three most relevant enzymes that regulate the production and degradation of PA, namely, phospholipases D (PLD), diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs), and lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs). (frontiersin.org)

V-ATPase is made of two subcomplexes: a cytosolic V 1 that carries out ATP hydrolysis, and a membrane bound V o that is responsible for proton translocation. (upstate.edu)
Immunoblots from membrane and cytosolic fractions of isolated PF cells revealed conventional (α, βI, and γ), novel (δ and ε), and atypical (ι/λ and ζ) PKCs. (jneurosci.org)

This interaction with the membrane results in release of the pseudosubstrate from the catalytic site and activation of the enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
These results uncover a mechanism that couples mTORC2-dependent activation of PKN2 to the regulation of mTORC1-mediated nutrient signalling by local lipid signals. (nature.com)
Fig. 2: PKN2 facilitates mTORC1 activation by phosphorylating PI3KC2-β and triggering sequestration by 14-3-3 proteins. (nature.com)
Fig. 5: mTORC2 signalling triggers PKN2 activation to control PI3KC2-β phosphorylation and sequestration with 14-3-3 proteins. (nature.com)
Fukuda, 1996), implying that release of the PH domain from the membrane is accompanied by activation of the catalytic domain. (sdbonline.org)
This was dependent on Vav-mediated activation of Rac1 as a Dbl domain-mutated Vav, inactive Rac N17, and inactive JNK1 down-regulated the Vav-induced JNK1 or IL-6 responses. (aai.org)
In this regard, we have recently shown that efficient activation of Ypk1 by TORC2 requires stimulation of TORC2 by the GTP-bound state of a Rab5 GTPase (Vps21/Ypt51) and that, in turn, Rab5-dependent endocytosis may be a mechanism to down-regulate TORC2 signaling after it has been activated. (berkeley.edu)
And third, SigD caused strong activation of the yeast MAP kinase Slt2, whereas SigD R468A rather inactivated another MAP kinase, Kss1. (microbiologyresearch.org)

The PX domain of Vam7p selectively binds PtdIns-3-P, while the PX domain of the CPK PI-3 kinase selectively binds PtdIns-4,5-P(2). (embl.de)
upon elevation of Ca2+ and IP4 concentrations, the PH domain binds to IP4 thereby stimulating catalytic activity, while at the same time the C2a domain takes over the role of membrane tether. (sdbonline.org)
Introduction For some retroviruses, the viral envelope binds to receptors within a pH-independent way, recommending which the virions may fuse towards the cell membrane [1] straight. (angiogenesis-blog.com)

Ca2+-binding motif present in phospholipases, protein kinases C, and synaptotagmins (among others). (embl.de)

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are important signaling molecules that phosphorylate the 3′ OH position of the inositol ring of phosphoinositides (PIs), generating the second messengers PI(3)P, PI(3,4)P 2 , and PI(3,4,5)P 3 ( 4 , 17 ). (asm.org)
The inositol trisphosphate (IP 3 ) generated by PI-PLC mobilizes Ca 2+ from internal stores ([Ca 2+ ] i ). (jneurosci.org)
An inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (IP4)-sensitive extended PH domain is essential for Gap1 activity, while Ca2+-sensitive C2 domains and a glutamine-rich region contribute equally to full activity in vivo. (sdbonline.org)

Functional groups contained in this DE gene list include metabolic proteins (including opposing patterns ofCA3andCA4), mitochondrial proteins (CKMT1A), oxidative status (SEPP1,HIG2A) and cholesterol homeostasis (APOA1,INSIG1). (1library.net)
This gene encodes a member of the CD300 protein family. (nih.gov)
What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)

Level of PI(3,5)P2 elevates by 20X its basal level, under hyperosmotic stress, helping cells to sustain salt toxicity, the mechanism of which is incompletely understood. (upstate.edu)
This active mechanism allows secretory vesicles to dock with the plasma membrane prior to fusion and is controlled by the effector cdc42. (edu.au)
We have identified a novel mechanism by which dynamin and actin coordinate a series of membrane events that culminate in the formation of bulk endosomes from which new synaptic vesicles emanate at the neuromuscular junction. (edu.au)
Here we provide biochemical and cellular evidence that artemisinins are potent inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PfPI3K), revealing an unexpected mechanism of action. (nature.com)
Mechanism of clathrin-dependent endocytosis. (wormbook.org)
These results provide a mechanism by which Drosophila Bcl-2 family proteins can control apoptosis and shed light on a link between Rbf1 and mitochondrial dynamics, in vivo. (sdbonline.org)

Active PKN2 phosphorylates PI3KC2-β to trigger PI3KC2-β complex formation with inhibitory 14-3-3 proteins. (nature.com)

Following exocytosis, the process of endocytosis is required for neurons to replenish their pools of synaptic vesicles by pinching off vesicles from the plasma membrane. (edu.au)
Thus, suppressing PA production by inhibiting either PLD or DGK activity compromised membrane trafficking except early endocytosis, disrupted tip-localized deposition of cell wall material, especially pectins, and inhibited pollen tube growth. (frontiersin.org)
Trafficking of yolk and yolk receptors also depends critically upon the activities of the endocytic Rab proteins RAB-5 , RAB-7 , and RAB-11 , known modulators of endocytosis in all eukaryotes ( Grant and Hirsh, 1999 ). (wormbook.org)

Binding of the ephrin ligand to EphR requires cell-cell contact since both are anchored to the plasma membrane. (umbc.edu)

RT "A human phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex related to the yeast Vps34p- RT Vps15p protein sorting system. (pdbj.org)

Our discoveries have led to a deep understanding of how secretory vesicles interact with the cortical actin network prior to fusing with the plasma membrane to release the neurotransmitter. (edu.au)

In addition, the double mutant (Y42A/L48Q) of the PX domain of Vam7p, reported to cause vacuolar trafficking defects in yeast, has a dramatically decreased level of binding to PtdIns-3-P. These data reveal that the membrane targeting function of the Vam7p PX domain is based on its ability to associate with PtdIns-3-P, analogous to the function of FYVE domains. (embl.de)
Members of a subfamily of these enzymes share a specific domain that was first identified in the yeast Sac1 protein [1]. (embl.de)
Despite the detailed in vitro characterization of the enzymatic properties of yeast Sac1p, the exact cellular function of this protein has remained obscure. (embl.de)
We have shown that Ypk1, a member of the AGC class of protein kinases conserved from yeast to humans, is the essential target of and activated via phosphorylation by the plasma membrane-associated TORC2 complex. (berkeley.edu)
No yeast two-hybrid interactions found for this protein. (yeastrc.org)
Nim1-related kinases coordinate cell cycle progression with the organization of the peripheral cytoskeleton in yeast. (microbiologyresearch.org)

This is characterized by marked changes in certain residues making up the phosphoinositide-binding site, formation of a short a-helix in variable loop 2, and a movement of variable loop 3 away from the lipid-binding site. (rcsb.org)

These domains were first discovered as the loci of phorbol ester and diacylglycerol binding to conventional protein kinase C isozymes, which contain 2 C1 domains (C1A and C1B) in their N-terminal regulatory regions. (embl.de)
Proteins containing typical C1 domains are predicted to be regulated by diacylglycerol, whereas those containing only atypical domains are not. (embl.de)

Taken together, these findings provide strong evidence that the generation of PtdIns(4)P is sufficient to trigger forward transport from the Golgi to the plasma membrane and that Sac1p is critically required for the termination of this signal. (embl.de)
Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase functions in two multiprotein complexes: lysosomal mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2 at the plasma membrane. (nature.com)
LKB1 itself is a constitutively active kinase, which is regulated by posttranslational modifications and direct binding to phospholipids of the plasma membrane. (sdbonline.org)
Predicted to be active in cytoplasm and plasma membrane. (nih.gov)
We have identified a critical role of the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol (4,5) bisphosphate in coordinating the actin-mediated recruitment of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane. (edu.au)
We demonstrated that the protein Munc18-1 was responsible for the transport of syntaxin-1 to the plasma membrane. (edu.au)
We demonstrated that Munc18-1 and syntaxin-1A and are organised in nanodomains on the plasma membrane of neurons and neurosecretory cells that control SNARE-dependent neuroexocytosis through lateral trapping in these nanoclusters. (edu.au)
Lipid signaling employs various messenger molecules that carry out communication between the plasma membrane, the endomembrane compartments, and the cytoplasm. (frontiersin.org)
Many receptors then recycle to the plasma membrane either directly or indirectly via recycling endosomes. (wormbook.org)
Clathrin and cargo molecules are assembled into clathrin-coated pits on the plasma membrane together with an adaptor complex called AP-2 that links clathrin with transmembrane receptors, concluding in the formation of mature clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs). (wormbook.org)
This model is supported by the observation that Gap1 appears to be constitutively associated with the plasma membrane (Powe, 1999). (sdbonline.org)

Both the ATP-binding protein (ATP)- and the substrate-binding sites are located in the cleft formed by these two terminal lobes. (wikipedia.org)

The term "protein kinase C" usually refers to the entire family of isoforms. (wikipedia.org)

The primary accession code for screening data used for identifying nutrient-dependent interaction partners and phosphorylation of PI3KC2-β is PXD014533 , the accession code for data used for identifying small Rab GTPases interacting with PI3KC2-β is PXD014530 . (nature.com)
Interaction of protein kinase C zeta with ZIP, a novel protein kinase C-binding protein. (embl.de)

moreover, PI3′-kinase inhibitors (wortmannin and LY294002) antagonized secretion. (jneurosci.org)

The pheromone receptors have seven hydrophobic segments and are coupled to a heterotrimeric G protein. (berkeley.edu)
Integrins are a family of α/ß heterodimeric cell surface adhesion receptors which are capable of transmitting signals bidirectionally across membranes. (bvsalud.org)
As a result, viral receptors over the cell membrane offer binding sites for the trojan and so are also mixed up in structural modulation of viral envelopes, resulting in the fusion Pseudouridimycin from the viral and mobile membranes and virion entrance, the first step in viral an infection of focus on cells [2]. (angiogenesis-blog.com)

We investigated control mechanisms that regulate the activity, localization, and stability of Wee1, especially the bud neck-localized protein kinase Hsl1 and its more distant paralogs (Gin4 and Kcc4), in particular their recruitment to septin filaments, which assemble at the presumptive site of cell division. (berkeley.edu)
A beta-hairpin comprising the nuclear localization sequence sustains the self-associated states of nucleosome assembly protein 1. (colorado.edu)

Taxonomy and function of C1 protein kinase C homology domains. (embl.de)

EphRs contain an ephrin binding domain and two fibronectin repeats extracellularly, a transmembrane segment, and a cytoplasmic tyr kinase domain. (umbc.edu)

In accordance with its tumor suppressor role, the Retinoblastoma protein pRb can ensure pro-apoptotic functions. (sdbonline.org)

PKB (also known as Akt) and PKC kinases contains approximately 40% amino acid sequence similarity. (wikipedia.org)

A hypoxic environment devoid of nutrients prevents the cell undergoing energy dependent apoptosis and cells become necrotic. (bmj.com)
Apoptosis regulatory proteins are delicately balanced. (bmj.com)
The key regulator of this process, hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), can initiate apoptosis by inducing high concentrations of proapoptotic proteins, such as BNIP3, and can cause stabilisation of p53. (bmj.com)
The Drosophila retinoblastoma protein, Rbf1, induces a debcl and drp1 -dependent mitochondrial apoptosis. (sdbonline.org)
Both proteins can localize at the mitochondrion , but the way they control apoptosis still remains unclear. (sdbonline.org)

Unlike reversible disassembly, which requires ATP hydrolysis on V 1 to break protein-protein interactions, Oxr1p mediated disassembly of V-ATPase is ATP independent and therefore a novel mode of activity regulation. (upstate.edu)

No mass spectrometry results found for this protein. (yeastrc.org)

PI3KC2α-dependent and VPS34-independent generation of PI3P controls primary cilium-mediated autophagy in response to shear stress. (nih.gov)
RT "Identification of Barkor as a mammalian autophagy-specific factor for RT Beclin 1 and class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. (pdbj.org)
RT "Two Beclin 1-binding proteins, Atg14L and Rubicon, reciprocally regulate RT autophagy at different stages. (pdbj.org)

HPV is a type of epithelial DNA virus, which has many subtypes, among which HPV6 and HPV11 cause CA ( 2 , 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
CA is caused by the epithelial-associated proteins found in the genomes of each subtype ( 2 , 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
HPV promotes latency and consequently does not cause a disease phenotype following initial infection by an immune evasion response reaction, featuring binding to epithelial cells and integrating into the host genome, resulting in the proliferation of epidermal cells containing the viral genome and neovascularization ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Modulation of chloride secretory responses and barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells by the Salmonella effector protein SigD. (microbiologyresearch.org)

3. Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine. (jcancer.org)
This is the first demonstration that Acanthamoeba -mediated brain microvascular endothelial cell death is dependent on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. (asm.org)
The master kinase LKB1 is a key regulator of several cellular processes, including cell proliferation, cell polarity and cellular metabolism. (sdbonline.org)
Protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) is a key regulator of cell growth, proliferation and metabolism. (rcsb.org)
C2 domains are unique among membrane targeting domains in that they show wide range of lipid selectivity for the major components of cell membranes, including phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylcholine. (embl.de)
However, recent successful preclinical and clinical trials have advocated for the significance of B cell-dependent immunopathogenic responses and has led to the development of novel biologicals that target specific B cell phenotypes. (medsci.org)
3- 5 Therefore, during severe hypoxia or anoxia, the cell initiates a cascade of events that leads to apoptotic cell death, thereby preventing the accumulation of cells with hypoxia induced mutations. (bmj.com)
Kv7 family channels mediate a voltage-dependent outward flux of potassium ions, which contributes to the establishment of negative membrane potentials in many cell types. (aspetjournals.org)
We also studied the roles of other classes of protein kinases (Cla4) and additional post-translational modifications (SUMOylation) in septin complex assembly, formation of different septin-based supramolecular ensembles, disassembly of septin-containing structures, and the function of septin organization in the events required for cell division and membrane septation during cytokinesis. (berkeley.edu)
RT "Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the RT kinome across the cell cycle. (pdbj.org)
Second, growth inhibition by SigD R468A was mediated by a cell cycle arrest in G2 dependent on the Swe1 morphogenetic checkpoint, but SigD-induced growth inhibition was cell cycle independent. (microbiologyresearch.org)
DeMarini, and Chapter 20, by Rice and cell death determine the size protein in several signal ing path- and Herceg). (who.int)

The N-terminal C2a domain has been shown to bind phospholipids in a Ca2+-dependent manner (Fukuda, 1996 and Fukuda, 1997), while the role of the C2b domain remains unclear. (sdbonline.org)

Oxr1p belongs to the group of TLDc domain containing proteins that are highly conserved in higher eukaryotes. (upstate.edu)
Many C1 domains and C1 domain-containing proteins bind phorbol esters, but many others do not. (embl.de)

p110s perform lipid kinase activity, and p85s stabilize and regulate p110s. (biomedcentral.com)

PF cells were found to express regulatory (p85) and catalytic (p110α and p110β) subunits of phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase (PI3′-kinase). (jneurosci.org)

E6-AP) is an important member of the ubiquitin proteasome system and a type of ubiquitin protein ligase (E3 enzyme) ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Only 1.5% of nucleic acids in human genome are used for protein encoding, but other 98.5% of the genome does not encode proteins. (jcancer.org)
ing of microRNAs to the genome or inside the cel via membrane-to-nu- 2011 ). (who.int)

Phosphatidic acid (PA) is an important intermediate in membrane lipid metabolism that acts as a key component of signaling networks, regulating the spatio-temporal dynamics of the endomembrane system and the cytoskeleton. (frontiersin.org)

Synthesis of new cyclitol compounds that influence the activity of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase isoform, PI4K230. (embl.de)
Raw data for results from screening kinase activity towards T279 of PI3KC2-β are provided in Supplementary Table 2 . (nature.com)
When mediated by nutrient levels, the process is reversible and catalytic-activity dependent. (upstate.edu)
Enables 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase activity. (nih.gov)
It has been previously shown that rbf1 pro-apoptotic activity depends on its ability to decrease the level of anti-apoptotic proteins such as the Bcl-2 family protein Buffy. (sdbonline.org)

Anatomy25

Organisms13

Chemicals and Drugs151

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment15

Phenomena and Processes48

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

PI3K13

Pathway11

Serine5

Signal transduction6

Intracellular6

Receptor12

Lipids7

Activates2

Inhibitor2

Mitogen-activa1

Extracellular5

Substrates2

Subunit3

Regulates4

Tyrosine2

Phosphatase5

Phosphatidylinositol-3-phospha3

Pathways4

PDK14

Downstream1

Genes5

Phosphatases1

Cytosolic2

Activation8

Binds3

Phospholipases1

Inositol3

Gene3

Mechanism6

Phosphorylates1

Endocytosis3

Anchored to the plasma membrane1

Human phosphatidylinositol1

Fusing with the plasma membrane1

Yeast6

Residues1

Diacylglycerol2

Plasma11

Substrate1

Isoforms1

Interaction2

Inhibitors1

Receptors3

Localization2

Homology domains1

Transmembrane1

Tumor1

Amino acid seq1

Apoptosis5

Regulation1

Mass spectrometry1

Autophagy3

Epithelial4

Cell12

Phospholipids1

Domain containi2

Regulate1

P1101

Enzyme1

Genome2

Lipid metabolism1

Activity5