Membrane proteins proto oncogene proteins c bcl 2. Medical search. Frequent questions

Genes whose protein products stimulate or enhance the division and viability of cells. (cancerquest.org)
Genes whose protein products can directly or indirectly prevent cell division or lead to cell death. (cancerquest.org)
The normal versions of genes in the first group are called proto-oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
The mutated or otherwise damaged versions of these genes are called oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
Numerous genes have been identified as proto-oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
As stated in the introduction to this section, the defective versions of these genes, known as oncogenes, can cause a cell to divide in an unregulated manner. (cancerquest.org)
The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1). (lookformedical.com)
Membrane proteins encoded by the BCL-2 GENES and serving as potent inhibitors of cell death by APOPTOSIS. (rush.edu)
One of these genes, let-60 , encodes a Ras protein that functions as aswitch in the pathway of vulval induction. (pdfdrugs.com)
One of these genes, lin-35 , encodes a protein similar to the product of the human tumor suppressor gene Rb, and two other genes, dpl-1 and efl-1 , encode DP and E2F transcription factors, respectively. (pdfdrugs.com)
Many of these genes encode proteins similar to known transcription factors, and our studies indicate that the generation of cell diversity during development is in part regulated by a cascade of interacting transcription factors. (pdfdrugs.com)
Proteínas de la membrana codificadas por los GENES BCL-2 y que sirven como potentes inhibidores de la muerte celular por APOPTOSIS. (bvsalud.org)
This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of miR-34a and 11 of its bioinformatically selected target genes and proteins to test their potential dysregulation in RCC. (hindawi.com)
Priming of hepatocytes - activation of genes associated with production of transcription factors, activation of proto-oncogenes (c-fos, c-jun, c-myc), anti-apoptotic genes (p53, p21, BCL-xl). (edu.pl)
They are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in plants, metazoans, and mammals, and are predicted to control the activity of 30% of all protein-coding genes [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2), encoded in humans by the BCL2 gene, is the founding member of the Bcl-2 family of regulator proteins that regulate cell death (apoptosis), by either inhibiting (anti-apoptotic) or inducing (pro-apoptotic) apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
The over-expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein in lymphocytes alone does not cause cancer. (wikipedia.org)
Other studies have shown that dendritic cell lifespan may be partly controlled by a timer dependent on anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. (wikipedia.org)
Results from western blotting showed that quercetin decreased anti-apoptotic protein of Mcl-1, Bcl-2, and Bcl-x but increased pro-apoptotic protein of Bad, Bax, and Bid. (tmu.edu.tw)
Koh H, Lee KH, Kim D, Kim S, Kim JW, Chung J: Inhibition of Akt and its anti-apoptotic activities by tumor necrosis factor-induced protein kinase C-related kinase 2 (PRK2) cleavage. (drugbank.com)
Both proteins contain anti-death motif, critical for their anti-apoptotic function but the mechanism by which gal-3 exhibits antiapoptotic activity cannot be explained solely on it. (pbkom.eu)

BCL-2 is localized to the outer membrane of mitochondria, where it plays an important role in promoting cellular survival and inhibiting the actions of pro-apoptotic proteins. (wikipedia.org)
part of these networks is also established by contacts of the mitochondria with organelles (e.g., with endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, and peroxisomes) [ 7 - 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
For instance, the association of mitochondria with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), in a juxtaposition known as Mitochondria-Associated Membrane (MAM), has an important role in controlling mitochondria biogenesis, Ca 2+ release, and lipid synthesis and apoptosis [ 10 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
The mitochondria have their own chaperones and proteolytic enzymes that remove damaged or unfolded proteins [ 18 - 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
Wang HG, Rapp UR, Reed JC: Bcl-2 targets the protein kinase Raf-1 to mitochondria. (drugbank.com)

Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met), a member of tyrosine protein kinase receptors (TPKR), is phosphorylated during LPLI-induced proliferation, but tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) receptor has not been affected. (biomedcentral.com)

It has an essential role in animal development and recruits ion channels, receptors, and signaling molecules to discrete plasma membrane regions of polarized cells in the HEART ATRIA MYOCARDIUM. (umassmed.edu)

Bcl-2 derives its name from B-cell lymphoma 2, as it is the second member of a range of proteins initially described in chromosomal translocations involving chromosomes 14 and 18 in follicular lymphomas. (wikipedia.org)
But simultaneous over-expression of Bcl-2 and the proto-oncogene myc may produce aggressive B-cell malignancies including lymphoma. (wikipedia.org)
In follicular lymphoma, a chromosomal translocation commonly occurs between the fourteenth and the eighteenth chromosomes - t(14;18) - which places the Bcl-2 gene from chromosome 18 next to the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus on chromosome 14. (wikipedia.org)
Overexpression of bcl-2 proteins, due to a translocation of the gene, is associated with follicular lymphoma. (rush.edu)
The overexpression of miRNA‑375 significantly increased caspase‑3 and caspase‑9 activities, induced B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2)/Bcl‑2‑associated X protein, tumor protein 53 and cyclin‑dependent kinase inhibitor 1 protein expression and suppressed cyclin D1 and survivin protein expression in HPV‑18(+) cervical cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
In addition, numerous important cellular proteins, such as B-cell lymphoma-2 homologous antagonist/killer, Myc proto-oncogene protein, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B, DNA replication licensing factor MCM-7, retinoblastoma 1 and Annexin A1, are degenerated through the UBE3A-mediated ubiquitin proteasome pathway ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. (lookformedical.com)
for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway. (lookformedical.com)
A protein-serine-threonine kinase that is activated by PHOSPHORYLATION in response to GROWTH FACTORS or INSULIN. (lookformedical.com)
This gene is a member of the protein-tyrosine kinase oncogene family. (cancerindex.org)
It encodes a membrane-associated tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in the control of cell growth. (cancerindex.org)
The protein associates with the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and interacts with the fyn-binding protein. (cancerindex.org)
Proliferation is upregulated through two mechanisms: (1) ATP binding to the G-protein-coupled receptor P2Y2, commencing a kinase signaling cascade that activates the serine-threonine kinase Akt, and (2) the transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), leading to a series of protein signals that activate the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2. (encyclopedia.pub)
Furthermore, quercetin increased the gene expressions of TNFRSF10D (Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10d, decoy with truncated death domain), TP53INP1 (tumor protein p53 inducible nuclear protein 1), and JUNB (jun B proto-oncogene) but decreased the gene expression of VEGFB (vascular endothelial growth factor B), CDK10 (cyclin-dependent kinase 10), and KDELC2 (KDEL [Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu] containing 2) that are associated with apoptosis pathways. (tmu.edu.tw)
Li YY, Popivanova BK, Nagai Y, Ishikura H, Fujii C, Mukaida N: Pim-3, a proto-oncogene with serine/threonine kinase activity, is aberrantly expressed in human pancreatic cancer and phosphorylates bad to block bad-mediated apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer cell lines. (drugbank.com)
Popivanova BK, Li YY, Zheng H, Omura K, Fujii C, Tsuneyama K, Mukaida N: Proto-oncogene, Pim-3 with serine/threonine kinase activity, is aberrantly expressed in human colon cancer cells and can prevent Bad-mediated apoptosis. (drugbank.com)
Most benefits were demonstrated in cyclin dependent-kinase 12 ( CDK12) mutated cell lines when treated with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) therapy. (bjbms.org)

HER2/neu (also called ERB B2 ) is the gene that encodes the human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2. (cancerquest.org)
The human proto-oncogene STAT3 encodes transcriptional factor that is essential for embryo- genesis, proliferation and differentiation of many cell types, in addition to organ regeneration and involu- tion. (pbkom.eu)

These include regulation of cell cycle, activation of mitochondrial pathway, induction of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, induction of apoptosis, modulation of oxidative stress, amelioration of inflammation, modulation of insulin signaling and inhibition of angiogenesis. (mdpi.com)

These are frequently activated by fusion to other transcriptional proteins resulting in chimeric transcription factors. (stanford.edu)

The overexpression of miRNA‑375 significantly suppressed the levels of protein expression of ubiquitin‑protein ligase E3A (UBE3A) and Insulin‑like growth factor‑1 receptor (IGF‑1R) in HPV‑18(+) cervical cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
UBE3A is associated with cervical cancer and may combine with the E6 proto-oncogene encoded by HPV16 within cervical cancer cells to form the E6/E6-AP protein complex through the ubiquitin proteasome pathway ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Specific molecular therapy can target mutated cell lines in which DNA defect repair is altered, caused by mutations of BRCA2, partner and localizer of BRCA2 (PALB2), and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) or the transmembrane protease serine 2-ERG (TMPRSS2-ERG) fusion. (bjbms.org)

Bcl-2 is an intracellular membrane protein and resides primarily in the nuclear envelope, outer mitochondrial membrane and endoplasmic reticulum. (bdbiosciences.com)
Investigation of the subcellular distribution of the bcl-2 oncoprotein: residence in the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, and outer mitochondrial membranes. (bdbiosciences.com)

However, results in the ability of these isoforms to bind to the BAD and BAK proteins, as well as in the structural topology and electrostatic potential of the binding groove, suggest differences in antiapoptotic activity for the two isoforms. (wikipedia.org)
The Bcl-2 family of proteins, which includes the proapoptotic proteins Bax and Bak and the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, is implicated in the intrinsic mechanism of apoptosis [ 6 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
bcl-2 is an antiapoptotic gene. (medicosplexus.com)

Cytoplasmic bcl-2 expression was frequent in the synovial cells of OA, but rare in RA. (ox.ac.uk)
The autophagic pathway constitutively maintains cellular homeostasis by recycling cytoplasmic organelles and proteins, but it is also stimulated by environmental stress conditions, such as starvation, oxidative stress, and the accumulation of misfolded proteins. (mdpi.com)

Besides estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, novel biomarkers have shown their prognostic and predictive values, complicating our understanding towards to the heterogeneity of such cancers. (jcancer.org)
The engulfment of a dying cell involves two parallel signal transduction pathways: theABC transporter CED-7 promotes cell-corpse recognition by the CED-1 transmembrane receptor, while the CED-2 Crk protein and the CED-10 Rac GTPase promote cytoskeletal reorganization and cell shape changes by the engulfing cell. (pdfdrugs.com)
Arsenic trioxide-mediated growth inhibition of myeloma cells is associated with an extrinsic or intrinsic signaling pathway through activation of TRAIL or TRAIL receptor 2. (uams.edu)
Kim E, Cho KO, Rothschild A, Sheng M. Heteromultimerization and NMDA receptor-clustering activity of Chapsyn-110, a member of the PSD-95 family of proteins. (umassmed.edu)

Some proto-oncogenes work to regulate cell death. (cancerquest.org)

The present study assessed, by immunohistochemistry, the microvessel density in the synovium of these arthritides and in normal controls, in relation to the expression of the angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF) and the apoptosis-related proteins bcl-2 and p53. (ox.ac.uk)

[ 2 ] No sex preponderance is seen for follicular lymphomas, but the incidence increases with age and varies across racial groups. (medscape.com)
The bcl-2 gene was first discovered in t(14:18) follicular lymphomas. (bdbiosciences.com)

Bcl-2 expression is frequent in small cell lung cancer, accounting for 76% cases in one study. (wikipedia.org)
Some evidence suggests that this may result from abnormal expression of Bcl-2 and increased expression of caspase-3. (wikipedia.org)
Although the levels of Bcl-2 expression achieved were able to protect FDC-P1 and Yac-1 transfectants from a variety of apoptotic stimuli, the cells were not protected from cytolysis mediated by CTL from any of these sources, by NK cells, or granules isolated from CTL. (ox.ac.uk)
However, Bcl-2 expression significantly inhibited apoptosis induced by purified granzyme B and perforin. (ox.ac.uk)
DZNep represses Bcl-2 expression and modulates apoptosis sensitivity in response to Nutlin-3a. (rush.edu)
Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
Translocation of bcl-2 sequences from chromosome 18 onto the transcriptionally active immunoglobulin locus at chromosome band 14q32 in B-cells deregulates bcl-2 gene expression, resulting in high levels of bcl-2 mRNA. (bdbiosciences.com)
Expression of the bcl-2 oncogene protein is not specific for the 14;18 chromosomal translocation. (bdbiosciences.com)
2) We have discovered a group of oncoproteins that are implicated in long-term maintenance of gene expression through their effects on the state of chromatin. (stanford.edu)
Using cDNA arrays and serial analysis of gene expression, we found that hypoxia induces up-regulation of BNIP3 and its homologue, Nip3-like protein X. Analysis of human carcinoma cell lines showed that they are hypoxically regulated in many tumor types, as well as in endothelial cells and macrophages. (ox.ac.uk)
Regulation was hypoxia inducible factor-1-dependent, and hypoxia inducible factor-1 expression was suppressed by von Hippel-Lindau protein in normoxic cells. (ox.ac.uk)
and cell differentiation ( SOX2 and TGFB3 ) as well as immunohistochemical assay for VEGFA, TP53, Bcl2, TGFB1, and Ki67 protein expression have been performed in 85 FFPE RCC tumor specimens. (hindawi.com)
The advanced pathological grade was associated with strong TGFB1, VEGFA, and Ki67 protein expression and absent Tp53 staining. (hindawi.com)

The pro-apoptotic proteins in the BCL-2 family, including Bax and Bak, normally act on the mitochondrial membrane to promote permeabilization and release of cytochrome c and ROS, that are important signals in the apoptosis cascade. (wikipedia.org)

Antibodies to Bcl-2 can be used with immunohistochemistry to identify cells containing the antigen. (wikipedia.org)

Programmed cell death appears to be initiated by the transcriptional activation of egl-1 , the protein product of which binds the mitochondrial protein CED-9 and causes the release of CED-4 from CED-9 and the translocation of CED-4from the mitochondrial to the nuclear membrane. (pdfdrugs.com)

Using a CRISPR Cas9-guided immunoprecipitation assay, we identify a circular RNA in the FLI1 promoter chromatin complex, consisting of FLI1 exons 4-2-3, referred to as FECR1.Overexpression of FECR1 enhances invasiveness of MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)

To test whether apoptosis induced by either of these pathways could be blocked by Bcl-2, we exposed bcl-2-transfected cells to CTL derived from normal, perforin-deficient, or CD95 ligand mutant (gld) mice. (ox.ac.uk)
What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
Carcinogenesis results from imbalances in the described pathways, which favor proliferation and reduce apoptosis [ 1 ] [ 2 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
The proteostasis network (PN) is an assembly of distinct dynamic molecular pathways that control the functionality of the proteome (proteome homeodynamics) during protein synthesis, folding, trafficking, and degradation. (hindawi.com)

Endogenous levels of microRNA (miR)-145 and lysyl-likeoxidase 2 (LOXL2) were inversely correlated in EAC lines/tumors compared with that in immortalized cells/normal mucosa. (bvsalud.org)
However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the activation of this proto-oncogene in tumors. (biomedcentral.com)

We are studying the effects and consequences of protein fusion on the transcriptional and transforming activities of these proteins using in vitro and animal models. (stanford.edu)
We demonstrate here that GSK-3 maintains the MLL leukemia stem cell transcriptional program by promoting the conditional association of CREB and its coactivators TORC and CBP with homedomain protein MEIS1, a critical component of the MLL-subordinate program, which in turn facilitates HOX-mediated transcription and transformation. (stanford.edu)

Bcl2/adenovirus EIB 19kD-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) is a cell death factor that is a member of the Bcl-2 proapoptotic family recently shown to induce necrosis rather than apoptosis. (ox.ac.uk)

It is a highly heterogeneous disease, encompassing a number of biologically distinct entities with specific pathologic features and biological behaviors [ 1 , 2 ]. (jcancer.org)

Discs Large Homolog 1 Protein" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Discs Large Homolog 1 Protein" by people in this website by year, and whether "Discs Large Homolog 1 Protein" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Discs Large Homolog 1 Protein" by people in Profiles. (umassmed.edu)

A synthetic peptide containing amino acids 61-76 of the human Bcl-2 protein was used as immunogen. (bdbiosciences.com)
Transmembrane region of proteins is likely to have a stretch of hydrophobic amino acids. (medicosplexus.com)

The upstream regulators of cytochrome c release are the Bcl-2 family members. (nih.gov)
Pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members such as bax or bak are clearly required to initiate cytochrome c/apaf-1/caspase-9 mediated cell death during oxygen deprivation. (nih.gov)

In normal cells, both internal and external signals control the activity of the oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
We also measured the levels of phosphorylated tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) protein and Parkin protein level in SH-SY5Y cells. (cancerindex.org)
Lysate from Jurkat cells was probed with anti-bcl-2 (clone 4D7, Comp. (bdbiosciences.com)
Abundant evidence implicates this protein in the suppression of apoptosis in many types of cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
Furthermore, results from flow cytometric assay indicated that quercetin increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, decreased the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ m ), and increased the apoptotic cell number in AGS cells. (tmu.edu.tw)
Remarkably, phosphorylation of the BH3-only protein BIMEL at Ser65 triggers apoptosis in neurons but suppresses cell death in non-neural cells. (ox.ac.uk)
SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins fail to activate human dendritic cells or "" T cells. (tcd.ie)
Recently, a large number of signaling proteins reported play an important key role in the process of LPLI-induced cell proliferation, probably due to the fact that the molecular events they are involved in are the basic response of the cells to extracellular stimuli. (biomedcentral.com)
Via biomimetic ultrafiltration, umbelliferone and scopoletin were screened as two anti-rheumatic candidates with the highest specific affinities towards the membrane proteomes of rheumatic fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), the pivotal effector cells in RA. (frontiersin.org)
Cells express a pool of thousands of different proteins that need to be tightly controlled for proper cellular structure, organization, and function. (hindawi.com)
In a number of studies, it has been shown that while only a select number of cells are actually infected with the virus, numerous viral proteins are released into the cancer and stromal cells in the microenvironment and these viral proteins are known to affect tumor behavior and aggressiveness. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Oncomodulation is a process, whereby tumor behavior is affected by virally induced mechanisms acting on cancer cells as well as stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment, including suppression of cancer cell apoptosis mechanisms, altering tumor metabolism, suppressing antitumor immunity, triggering tumor microenvironment inflammation, initiating angiogenesis, stimulating tumor cell proliferation, increasing tumor invasion, and enhancing tumor cell migration (metastasis) [ Figures 1 and 2 ]. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Rather, only a few cells need to be infected, with the release of viral proteins from the viruses, which occupy most if not all of the tumor cells, including stromal cells. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Strong red fluorescence of IR700-12A8 was observed on the cell membrane of GIST cells and was gradually internalized into the cytoplasm. (thno.org)

577Role of Cellular Proteins in RV Replication. (vdocuments.net)

These findings define a neural-specific mechanism of cell death whereby Pin1 couples phosphorylation of BH3-only proteins to activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic machinery. (ox.ac.uk)

The first phase comprises mainly functional cell impairments expressed by inhibition of protein and urea synthesis. (pbkom.eu)

The mutant proteins often retain some of their capabilities but are no longer sensitive to the controls that regulate the normal form of the protein. (cancerquest.org)

We are investigating how Pbx and Meis proteins contribute to the specificity of Hox function in development and how disruption of their activities leads to neoplasia. (stanford.edu)

The two isoforms of Bcl-2, Isoform 1, and Isoform 2, exhibit a similar fold. (wikipedia.org)

The maintenance of transbilayer lipid asymmetry is essential for normal cell membrane func- tion and homeostasis of organisms. (pbkom.eu)

Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (rush.edu)

These results suggest that while Bcl-2 is capable of inhibiting the apoptotic pathway utilized by perforin and granzyme B, other granule components can bypass this block. (ox.ac.uk)

Here we review what is currently known oxygen deprivation induced cell death and speculate about initiating mechanisms resulting in the activation of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members. (nih.gov)
These bands may represent oligomers of Bcl-2, which have been reported to occur with members of the Bcl-2 family during the preparation of nonionic detergent extracts. (bdbiosciences.com)
Nonionic detergents induce dimerization among members of the Bcl-2 family. (bdbiosciences.com)
Kim E, Niethammer M, Rothschild A, Jan YN, Sheng M. Clustering of Shaker-type K+ channels by interaction with a family of membrane-associated guanylate kinases. (umassmed.edu)
Gal-3 shares several significant structural properties with Bcl-2 family. (pbkom.eu)
Among the ETS family members, Friend leukemia virus integration 1 ( FLI1 ) was first identified as a proto-oncogene activated by proviral integration in F-MuLV-induced erythroleukemias [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Metabolic changes in genetic disorder which renders fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase in liver less sensitive to regulation by fructose 2,6 bisphosphate are level of fructose 1,6 bisphosphate lower than normal, less pyruvate is formed and less ATP generation. (medicosplexus.com)

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