Plasma membraneLipidsAntimicrobial peptidesBiosynthesisEndoplasmic reticulumChloroplast thylakoidBiologicalSynthesisAmino acidsCellularNucleicAntigenRegulatoryPivotal roleBindsMitochondrialEnzymesBiogenesisBacteriaPhospholipidsOuterPathwaysRespirationBiosynthetic proteinFattyRegulateCompoundsReceptorExtracellularSuperfamilyVitroStructuralConformationCholesterolSecretory pathwayCellHormonesProcessesEnzymaticInteractionsInterproscanResiduesSpeciesPyruvateCytokineProcedureInteractionEnsemblPeripheralAssociatePathwayBoundViral
Plasma membrane4
- MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)
- We suppose that p210 is involved in linking basal bodies to the plasma membrane, which is an important step during ciliogenesis. (lookformedical.com)
- The results of cell surface biotinylation and subsequent DRM isolation show that precursors for both DRMs coexist in the plasma membrane. (silverchair.com)
- The very steep gradient is maintained by an energy-driven calcium pump, known as the plasma membrane Ca 2+ ATPase (PMCA). (abdominalkey.com)
Lipids9
- It also may involve the formation or dissociation of protein quaternary structures or oligomeric complexes, and specific binding of ions, ligands, or regulatory lipids. (wikipedia.org)
- These include the enzymatic processing of lipids and other hydrophobic substances, membrane anchoring, and the binding and transfer of small nonpolar compounds between different cellular membranes. (wikipedia.org)
- These proteins may be anchored to the bilayer as a result of hydrophobic interactions between the bilayer and exposed nonpolar residues at the surface of a protein, by specific non-covalent binding interactions with regulatory lipids , or through their attachment to covalently bound lipid anchors. (wikipedia.org)
- or anabolic - the building up (synthesis) of compounds (such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids). (wikipedia.org)
- Hippocampal lipids were not significantly affected by APOE genotype, however levels of myelin-enriched sulfatides and hexosylceramides were significantly lower, and polyunsaturated phospholipids were higher, in rs1990622-A carriers after controlling for APOE genotype. (biomedcentral.com)
- Our study demonstrates that TMEM106B protein abundance is increased with brain ageing in humans, establishes that dementia risk allele rs1990622-A predisposes to TMEM106B fibril formation in the hippocampus, and provides the first evidence that rs1990622-A affects brain lipid homeostasis, particularly myelin lipids. (biomedcentral.com)
- Lipids are the major structural elements of all biological membranes, serving as signaling molecules within and between cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- Most antimicrobial peptides are cationic amphiphilic compounds that function by binding to the negatively charged lipids of bacterial membranes, followed by membrane disruption. (rsc.org)
- The surfactant layer can be composed of various biomembrane lipids, such as phospholipids , cholesterol, bile salts, or sterols . (bocsci.com)
Antimicrobial peptides4
- Some polypeptide hormones, antimicrobial peptides, and neurotoxins accumulate at the membrane surface prior to locating and interacting with their cell surface receptor targets, which may themselves be peripheral membrane proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- I have been intrigued by the activity of antimicrobial peptides for a long time, due to my interest in biological membranes. (rsc.org)
- Antimicrobial peptides have long been hailed as a solution to the antibiotic resistance crisis, because they target the bacterial membrane and can cause quick bactericidal activity in bacterial cells. (rsc.org)
- While binding to the lipid headgroup is detrimental for anion transport, I hypothesized that binding to the headgroup can provide membrane selectivity (e.g., bacterial membranes over human membranes) and can induce membrane perturbations similar to those observed for antimicrobial peptides. (rsc.org)
Biosynthesis3
- Although present also in other key regulatory proteins of cholesterol biosynthesis, uptake, and signaling, the structure and mechanism of action of the SSD are unknown. (duke.edu)
- I am a plant cell biologist and protein biochemist at Oxford Brookes University with expertise in the structure and function of the plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER), membrane proteins and auxin biosynthesis using biochemical techniques as well as high-resolution live cell imaging. (brookes.ac.uk)
- My additional independent research on ER localisation and splicing in auxin biosynthesis showed for the first time ER-localisation for an auxin biosynthetic protein. (brookes.ac.uk)
Endoplasmic reticulum1
- Secretory proteins exit the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in coat protein complex II (COPII)-coated vesicles and then progress through the Golgi complex before delivery to their final destination. (biologists.com)
Chloroplast thylakoid1
- In the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, this CCM is initiated and maintained by the pH gradient created across the chloroplast thylakoid membranes by photosystem (PS) II-mediated electron transport. (lookformedical.com)
Biological11
- Peripheral membrane proteins, or extrinsic membrane proteins, are membrane proteins that adhere only temporarily to the biological membrane with which they are associated. (wikipedia.org)
- The reversible attachment of proteins to biological membranes has shown to regulate cell signaling and many other important cellular events, through a variety of mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
- For example, the close association between many enzymes and biological membranes may bring them into close proximity with their lipid substrate(s). (wikipedia.org)
- Membrane binding may also promote rearrangement, dissociation, or conformational changes within many protein structural domains, resulting in an activation of their biological activity. (wikipedia.org)
- The inner and outer surfaces, or interfacial regions, of model phospholipid bilayers have been shown to have a thickness of around 8 to 10 Å, although this may be wider in biological membranes that include large amounts of gangliosides or lipopolysaccharides. (wikipedia.org)
- The hydrophobic inner core region of typical biological membranes may have a thickness of around 27 to 32 Å, as estimated by Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). (wikipedia.org)
- Typical amphitropic proteins must interact strongly with the lipid bilayer in order to perform their biological functions. (wikipedia.org)
- Their main structural uses are as part of biological membranes both internal and external, such as the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
- Transcriptional analysis of ACBP-deficient parasites revealed differentially expressed genes involved in a wide range of biological processes such as lipid metabolism, posttranslational modification, and membrane biogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
- During my own PhD that focused on the development of small neutral molecules that can transport chloride anions across biological membranes, we often observed binding to the lipid headgroup in molecular dynamics modelling. (rsc.org)
- Biofilm is a complex matrix made up of extracellular polysaccharides, DNA, and proteins that protect bacteria against physical, chemical, and biological stresses and allow them to survive in harsh environments. (researchgate.net)
Synthesis5
- Measuring muscle protein synthesis in humans and the influence of nutritional state. (tamu.edu)
- Lipid synthesis requires bulk carbon skeleton acyl-CoAs, the transport of which depends on the acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP). (biomedcentral.com)
- Before entering lipid synthesis pathways, different kinds of acyl-CoA transporters which acts as the major carrier of acyl-CoAs, such as fatty acid binding protein (FABP), sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP2) and acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP), would activate and convert fatty acids to fatty acyl-CoA esters via a reaction catalyzed by fatty acyl-CoA synthetase and transported to various metabolic locations [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- During her M.S., she focused on the development of fluorescent amino acids and peptide synthesis. (rsc.org)
- 2012). Prof. Margaret Brimble of the University of Auckland described the synthesis and medical applications of bioactive natural products and she showcased her peptide, glycopeptide and peptidomimetic synthesis capabilities used for the development of drugs to treat traumatic brain injury and osteoporosis(Hung et al. (asianchembio.com)
Amino acids3
- Proteins are made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain joined by peptide bonds. (wikipedia.org)
- The latter are referred to as essential amino acids and therefore must be obtained from protein in the diet. (w8mdspa.com)
- Pertaining to the putting together of complex substances from simples ones, especially to the building of muscle protein from amino acids. (w8mdspa.com)
Cellular4
- In soluble guanylyl cyclase, heme serves as a protein cofactor for fundamental cellular processes, such as as the nitric oxide sensor, and thus plays an important role in electron transport in the respiratory chain, oxidative stress re- signal transduction. (medicinelakex1.com)
- metabolism of this heme-free eukaryote, we searched for heme- There are only a few examples of facultatively anaerobic or containing proteins in its de novo sequenced genome and exam-ined several cellular processes for which heme has so far been con- pathogenic bacteria that do not require heme (10-12), but no sidered indispensable. (medicinelakex1.com)
- Our results suggest that the preference of MHC I and MHC II for distinct membrane rafts directs them to different cellular entry points. (silverchair.com)
- The calcium ion is essential to any physiologic phenomena, including preservation of the integrity of cellular membranes, neuromuscular activity, regulation of endocrine and exocrine secretory activities, blood coagulation, activation of the complement system, and bone metabolism. (abdominalkey.com)
Nucleic2
- Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are one of the important technologies in lipid carrier drug delivery systems and have become an important development in nucleic acid-based therapeutic drugs. (bocsci.com)
- Our PEG lipid nanoparticles can encapsulate various types of drugs, including small molecules, peptides, proteins and nucleic acids. (bocsci.com)
Antigen1
- MHC I presents peptides to cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, whereas MHC II displays peptides or larger antigen fragments to T-lymphocytes with helper or regulator function ( Jensen, 2007 ). (silverchair.com)
Regulatory2
- The regulatory protein subunits of many ion channels and transmembrane receptors, for example, may be defined as peripheral membrane proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- Risperidone upregulates fatty acid synthase (FASN) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) expression in hepatocyte cultures and mouse liver by targeting the hepatic SREBP-1c/FASN couple, which is also one of the mechanisms by which risperidone induces weight gain ( 24 ). (frontiersin.org)
Pivotal role2
- In this Commentary, I review evidence in favor of the idea that partitioning of TMDs into bilayer domains that are endowed with distinct physico-chemical properties plays a pivotal role in the transport of membrane proteins within the early secretory pathway. (biologists.com)
- MHC proteins play a pivotal role in the induction and maintenance of adaptive immune responses. (silverchair.com)
Binds1
- Parasitic ecule because it reversibly binds to certain proteins, such as kinetoplastid flagellates represent a rare example of organisms transcription factors and ion channels, and thus modulates their that depend on oxidative metabolism but are heme auxotrophs. (medicinelakex1.com)
Mitochondrial5
- Fatty liver is associated with reduced SIRT3 activity and mitochondrial protein hyperacetylation. (tamu.edu)
- subunit alpha of MPP mitochondrial signal peptidase heterodimer","protein_coding" "Zm00001e017599_P001","No alias","Zea mays","Protein disulfide isomerase-like 2-2 OS=Oryza sativa subsp. (ntu.edu.sg)
- Cell damage was assessed using MTT assays, and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release rate and flow cytometry were used to detect the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential respectively. (sdbonline.org)
- GSOs also mitigated the deleterious effects of GLU on the mitochondrial membrane potential and Cyt C release, thus alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased GSH levels and CAT activity in both cells and Drosophila brain tissue. (sdbonline.org)
- Furthermore, GSOs protected cells against GLU-induced apoptosis by reducing the expression of the mitochondrial apoptosis-associated Bcl-2 family effector proteins and protected cells from GLU-induced oxidative damage by increasing the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. (sdbonline.org)
Enzymes2
- Many proteins are enzymes that catalyze the chemical reactions in metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
- protein_coding" "AAC74185","ptsG","Escherichia coli","fused glucose-specific PTS enzymes: IIB component/IIC component [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Biogenesis1
- protein_coding" "AAC73288","bamA","Escherichia coli","BamABCDE complex OM biogenesis outer membrane pore-forming assembly factor [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Bacteria1
- The free-living nematode Caenorhabditis eleganslacks the capacity to synthesize heme but is able to take it from the cytochromes respiration sterols protist bacteria it feeds on (15). (medicinelakex1.com)
Phospholipids1
- Terpene derivatives such as sterol work as an important component in cell membranes by stabilizing the interaction with phospholipids [ 5 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Outer3
- Additionally, the positioning of many proteins are localized to either the inner or outer surfaces or leaflets of their resident membrane. (wikipedia.org)
- The phospholipid bilayer that forms the cell surface membrane consists of a hydrophobic inner core region sandwiched between two regions of hydrophilicity, one at the inner surface and one at the outer surface of the cell membrane (see lipid bilayer article for a more detailed structural description of the cell membrane). (wikipedia.org)
- The coat on the budding vesicle comprises two layers, an inner layer of adaptor proteins (gray ovals) and an outer layer that forms a polyhedral cage. (biologists.com)
Pathways1
- These blocks are synthesized with two different pathways: the pyruvate-derived plastidial 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway and the acetyl-CoA-derived cytosolic mevalonate (MVA) pathway [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Respiration1
- Primig, M.: Integrated RNA- and protein profiling of fermentation and respiration in diploid budding yeast provides insight into nutrient control of cell growth and development. (tu-dresden.de)
Biosynthetic protein1
- Pyridoxal phosphate biosynthetic protein PdxA [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Fatty1
- Intersecting analysis, molecular docking, and pathway validation analysis showed that risperidone influences the adipocytokine signaling pathway by targeting MAPK14 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 14), MAPK8 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 8), and RXRA (retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha), thereby inhibiting long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation by decreasing STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) expression and phosphorylation. (frontiersin.org)
Regulate2
- Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) is a lipid-droplet-associated protein that coordinates intracellular lipolysis in highly oxidative tissues and is thought to regulate lipid metabolism in response to phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). (uci.edu)
- Opioid receptors regulate ion channels controlling K and Ca cur- rents though direct coupling with G proteins. (forextrading-madeeasy.com)
Compounds2
- QLY-related compounds berberine, dioscin and sophocarpine showed high binding affinities to SIRT1, stabilized this protein, and inhibited its deacetylation activity in vitro. (bvsalud.org)
- These compounds are the building blocks of protein. (w8mdspa.com)
Receptor5
- DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
- Here we describe the 3.2 Å cryo-EM structure of human DEC-205, thereby illuminating the structure of the mannose receptor protein family. (uci.edu)
- Transport by partitioning is distinct from both bulk flow and receptor-mediated transport, because differently from bulk flow, cargo can be concentrated in transport carriers, yet the concentrating process does not depend on specific cargo receptors ( Fig. 1 and Box 1 ). (biologists.com)
- Here, we report that MHC I and MHC II were internalized by separate endocytic carriers that lacked transferrin receptor. (silverchair.com)
- Risperidone-induced weight gain is associated with a number of factors, including gene polymorphisms ( 12 - 14 ), exercise ( 15 - 17 ), peripheral molecules ( 18 ), and hyperphagia caused by regulating the expression of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and agouti-related peptide (AgRP) ( 19 - 21 ). (frontiersin.org)
Extracellular1
- The sequence encoded a novel protein rich in alanine (25%) and proline (20%), which contained regions similar to proteins of comparable amino acid composition such as extracellular matrix components or the membrane-cytoskeletal linker synapsin. (lookformedical.com)
Vitro2
- The recombinant NcACBP protein was expressed to verify the binding activities of NcACBP in vitro , and the heterologous expression of NcACBP in Δacbp yeast in vivo . (biomedcentral.com)
- The NcACBP recombinant protein was able to specifically bind acyl-CoA esters in vitro . (biomedcentral.com)
Structural4
- Other proteins have structural or mechanical functions, such as those that form the cytoskeleton, a system of scaffolding that maintains the cell shape. (wikipedia.org)
- A cysteine-rich metal-binding domain from rubella virus non-structural protein is essential for viral protease activity and virus replication. (tamu.edu)
- Ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1, also known as AIMF2, AMID or PRG3) is a recently identified glutathione-independent ferroptosis suppressor1-3, but its underlying structural mechanism remains unknown. (bvsalud.org)
- Determinations are best made on freshly separated serum, because heparin creates complexes with calcium, and the presence of fibrin may interfere with the structural integrity of the porous membrane used in the procedure. (abdominalkey.com)
Conformation1
- The covalent intermediate assumes a 2 C5 conformation, and Asp59 donates its proton to the substrate aglycone. (daubnet.com)
Cholesterol1
- Niemann-Pick C1 protein (NPC1) is a late-endosomal membrane protein involved in trafficking of LDL-derived cholesterol, Niemann-Pick disease type C, and Ebola virus infection. (duke.edu)
Secretory pathway2
- The combination of such self-organizational phenomena with canonical intermolecular interactions is most likely to control the release of membrane proteins from the ER into the secretory pathway. (biologists.com)
- Program access grant to the STFC Harwell Laser Facility 'The Plant Cell Initiative: Protein interactions in the higher plant secretory pathway' 2017-2021 (approximate value of £200K). (brookes.ac.uk)
Cell7
- Proteins are also important in cell signaling, immune responses, cell adhesion, active transport across membranes, and the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
- protein_coding" "AAC73194","ftsL","Escherichia coli","membrane bound cell division leucine zipper septum protein [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
- Cell division protein FtsL [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
- Moreover, clustering of MHC proteins at the cell surface resulted in shifts of the respective DRMs, revealing proximity-induced changes in the membrane environment. (silverchair.com)
- At the time of photosynthesis, volatile gas such as hydrocarbon isoprene (C5H8) is produced, which avoids damage to the cell membrane from extreme light or temperature conditions and protects it. (encyclopedia.pub)
- In the cell, the contents of the vector particles are released and translated into therapeutic proteins. (bocsci.com)
- I am committed to interdisciplinary research, and an example of the successes gained from this approach is the project with Prof A Nabok (Engineering Sheffield Hallam University) using total internal reflection ellipsometry to quantify protein-membrane interactions on native plant membranes and human cell lines. (brookes.ac.uk)
Hormones1
- A group of synthetic hormones that promote the storage of protein and the growth of tissue, sometimes used by athletes to increase muscle size and strength. (w8mdspa.com)
Processes1
- Her research interests are ion transport, lipid binding, membrane processes and medicinal applications of supramolecular systems. (rsc.org)
Enzymatic1
- Subsequent enzymatic reactions catalyzed by sterol 12 α -hydroxylase (CYP8B1) and sterol 27-hyroxylase (CYP27A1), respectively, yield the primary BAs, cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA). (aspetjournals.org)
Interactions3
- This facilitates the assembly of multi-protein complexes by increasing the probability of any appropriate protein-protein interactions. (wikipedia.org)
- FLIM-FRET analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that PLIN5 S155 phosphorylation regulates PLIN5 interaction with adipose triglyceride lipase at the lipid droplet, but not with α-β hydrolase domain-containing 5. (uci.edu)
- This process depends on the general physico-chemical features of the cargo membrane protein and on the interactions of these features with the collective properties of the bilayer, instead of the one-to-one intermolecular interactions that exist between discrete signals and their receptors. (biologists.com)
Interproscan3
- OstA-like protein, LPS transport system D [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
- Protein of unknown function (DUF520) [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
- Enoyl-(Acyl carrier protein) reductase [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Residues2
- Conserved residues that modulate protein trans-splicing of Npu DnaE split intein. (tamu.edu)
- We have identified a cytosolic acyl-CoA binding protein, with highly conserved amino acid residues and a typical acyl-CoA binding domain in N. caninum . (biomedcentral.com)
Species2
- Proteins found in any species of algae. (lookformedical.com)
- In preferred forms the cardiolipin is cardiolipin species (C18:2)4. (justia.com)
Pyruvate1
- protein_coding" "AAC74323","adhE","Escherichia coli","fused acetaldehyde-CoA dehydrogenase/iron-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase/pyruvate-formate lyase deactivase [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Cytokine2
- Gene/protein expression and cytokine production were investigated too. (bvsalud.org)
- For example, serum biomarkers, such as high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and cytokine levels, predict progression of atherosclerosis and risk of stroke. (medscape.com)
Procedure1
- In contrast to integral membrane proteins, peripheral membrane proteins tend to collect in the water-soluble component, or fraction, of all the proteins extracted during a protein purification procedure. (wikipedia.org)
Interaction1
- For membrane proteins, a third mechanism, based on the interaction of their transmembrane domain (TMD) with lipid microdomains, must also be considered. (biologists.com)
Ensembl8
- protein_coding" "AAC73139","fkpB","Escherichia coli","FKBP-type peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (rotamase) [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
- protein_coding" "AAC73161","apaG","Escherichia coli","protein associated with Co2+ and Mg2+ efflux [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
- protein_coding" "AAC73196","murE","Escherichia coli","UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate:meso-diaminopimelate ligase [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
- protein_coding" "AAC73197","murF","Escherichia coli","UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide:D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
- protein_coding" "AAC73290","lpxD","Escherichia coli","UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxymyristoyl)-glucosamine N-acyltransferase [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
- protein_coding" "AAC73627","ppiB","Escherichia coli","peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B (rotamase B) [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
- protein_coding" "AAC74850","yeaD","Escherichia coli","D-hexose-6-phosphate epimerase-like protein [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
- protein_coding" "AAC74888","manY","Escherichia coli","mannose-specific enzyme IIC component of PTS [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Peripheral3
- These proteins attach to integral membrane proteins, or penetrate the peripheral regions of the lipid bilayer. (wikipedia.org)
- Peripheral membrane proteins may interact with other proteins or directly with the lipid bilayer. (wikipedia.org)
- These proteins are usually described as peripheral as one of their conformational states is water-soluble or only loosely associated with a membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Associate2
- Some water-soluble proteins associate with lipid bilayers irreversibly and can form transmembrane alpha-helical or beta-barrel channels. (wikipedia.org)
- By using a novel method for the extraction of detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs), we observed that MHC I and MHC II associate with two distinct types of DRMs. (silverchair.com)
Pathway2
- retained genes for the last three steps of the pathway, allowing The most abundant group of heme proteins are cytochromes them to synthesize heme from their host-derived precursors (20). (medicinelakex1.com)
- The pathway also supplies important precursor metabolites including 2-oxoglutarate. (easyomics.org)
Bound6
- Total serum calcium is divisible into protein-bound and ultrafiltrable (diffusible) calcium ( Fig. 6-1 ). (abdominalkey.com)
- Approximately 40% of total calcium is bound to serum proteins, and 80% to 90% of this calcium is bound to albumin. (abdominalkey.com)
- Variations in serum protein alter proportionately the concentration of the protein-bound and total serum calcium. (abdominalkey.com)
- An increase in serum albumin concentration of 1 g/dL increases protein-bound calcium by 0.8 mg/dL, whereas an increase of 1 g/dL of globulin increases protein-bound calcium by 0.16 mg/dL. (abdominalkey.com)
- Hyponatremia increases, whereas hypernatremia decreases protein-bound calcium. (abdominalkey.com)
- Changes in pH also affect protein-bound calcium, and an increase or decrease of 0.1 pH increases or decreases protein-bound calcium by 0.12 mg/dL. (abdominalkey.com)
Viral1
- I took up a position at Oxford Brookes University in 2012 investigating the role of reticulon proteins in ER tubulation and viral trafficking in order to develop my international reputation in ER research and advanced imaging. (brookes.ac.uk)