Membrane protein protein conformation. Medical search. Frequent questions

MorphoSys , a biotechnology company focused on fully human antibodies, and Heptares Therapeutics , a developer of new medicines targeting G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), have signed an agreement to discover novel antibody therapeutics targeting GPCRs-membrane proteins involved in a broad range of biological processes and diseases. (centerwatch.com)
Reliable production of membrane proteins and receptors ensuring native conformation in nanodiscs is based on a well established system. (antibodies-online.com)
secreted PLA2s have also been found to specifically bind to a variety of soluble and membrane proteins in mammals, including receptors. (nih.gov)
Opacity-associated (Opa) proteins of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and N. meningitides are eight-stranded outer membrane proteins that bind to different host receptors, triggering engulfment of the bacterium. (umich.edu)
This process depends on the general physico-chemical features of the cargo membrane protein and on the interactions of these features with the collective properties of the bilayer, instead of the one-to-one intermolecular interactions that exist between discrete signals and their receptors. (biologists.com)
What are membrane receptors? (rhumbarlv.com)
Membrane receptors are specialized protein molecules attached to or integrated into the cell membrane. (rhumbarlv.com)
Receptors are generally transmembrane proteins, which bind to signaling molecules outside the cell and subsequently transmit the signal through a sequence of molecular switches to internal signaling pathways. (rhumbarlv.com)
Receptors are a special class of proteins that function by binding a specific ligand molecule. (rhumbarlv.com)
How do membrane receptors produce their effects? (rhumbarlv.com)
membrane receptors are specialized protein molecules in the membranes of cells, to which external molecules (hormones, neurotransmitters, drugs) attach, triggering changes in the function of the cell. (rhumbarlv.com)
Hundreds of different G-protein-linked receptors have been identified. (rhumbarlv.com)
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are membrane proteins that transmit the effects of extracellular ligands to effect changes in the intracellular G-protein signaling system. (gauss-centre.eu)
Of the 8 plasma membrane receptors for complement, only deficiencies of CR3 and CR4 due to CD18 deficiency have been described, known as leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) type 1. (medscape.com)
Activated receptors directly or indirectly regulate cellular biochemical processes (eg, ion conductance, protein phosphorylation, DNA transcription, enzymatic activity). (msdmanuals.com)

F proteins can be independently expressed on host cell surfaces which can either (1) drive the infected cell to fuse with neighboring cells, forming a syncytium, or (2) be incorporated into a budding virion from the infected cell which leads to the full emancipation of plasma membrane from the host cell. (wikipedia.org)
Topics include biofilms, biofuels, cancer-suppressing compounds, stem cells, molecular aspects of dementia and diabetes, DNA repair, HIV and other viruses, drug-resistant bacteria and other microbes, plasma-membrane pumps, and new tools to study protein conformation (the precise folding that determines function). (calstatela.edu)
Docking to the plasma membrane prepares vesicles for rapid release. (rupress.org)
In Caenorhabditis elegans motor neurons, dense core vesicles dock at the plasma membrane but are excluded from active zones at synapses. (rupress.org)
Dense core vesicles are usually found in the cytoplasm and these cytoplasmic vesicles must presumably translocate to the plasma membrane before release ( Zupanc, 1996 ). (rupress.org)
Anion exchanger 1 (AE1), also known as band 3 or SLC4A1, plays a key role in the removal of carbon dioxide from tissues by facilitating the exchange of chloride and bicarbonate across the plasma membrane of erythrocytes. (rcsb.org)
The LDL receptor is a transmembrane protein of the plasma membrane. (rhumbarlv.com)

Furthermore, this assay can be readily adapted for studying protein-ligand interactions in intact mitochondria and in other cell organelles extending its implications for pesticide and pharma industry and in drug discovery. (cgiar.org)
These observations may indicate that in the native protein, tertiary interactions additionally stabilize the secondary structure of the individual transmembrane helices. (rcsb.org)
The Sec1p / Munc18 (SM) family are a conserved group of proteins that regulate membrane fusion through interactions with their cognate syntaxins. (gla.ac.uk)
Finally, I have developed an in vitro fusion assay to enable us to dissect the functional significance of the various interactions that Vps45p displays with its cognate SNARE proteins. (gla.ac.uk)
We propose that the resulting disruption of native TM interactions disrupts the conformation of the kinase domain, inhibiting EGFR's ability to send migratory cell signals. (biorxiv.org)
The NS1 structures reveal distinct domains for membrane association of the dimer and interactions with the immune system and are a basis for elucidating the molecular mechanism of NS1 function. (nih.gov)
Ribosome interactions anchor the Sec61/TRAP complex in a conformation that renders. (lu.se)
Ribosome interactions anchor the Sec61/TRAP complex in a conformation that renders the ER membrane locally thinner by significantly curving its lumenal leaflet. (lu.se)
The study of MscL, a highly convenient model system, will give us basic understanding and the first example of what type of intramolecular interactions, sequence motifs, and conformations make membrane proteins sensitive to a physiologically relevant mechanical stimulation. (usda.gov)
All-atom simulations of 4E10, PGZL1, 10E8 and LN01 docked onto HIV-like membranes consistently form phospholipid complexes at key complementarity-determining region loop sites, solidifying that stable and specific lipid interactions anchor bnAbs to membrane surfaces. (elifesciences.org)
Then, evolving tolerance or even affinity to lipid bilayers could be beneficial in recognition of membrane-proximal epitopes, for example gaining avidity and specificity via cooperative interactions simultaneously with the epitope and membrane. (elifesciences.org)
The combination of such self-organizational phenomena with canonical intermolecular interactions is most likely to control the release of membrane proteins from the ER into the secretory pathway. (biologists.com)
It also refers as " Extrinsic proteins " that associates with the lipid bilayer by weak electrostatic and hydrogen bond interactions. (rhumbarlv.com)
These motifs are modelled using the cytochrome b5 domain NMR structure of the Arabidopsis protein 1J03, implicating a possible function for PGRMC1 as an adaptor protein involved in regulating protein interactions and intracellular signal transduction and/or membrane trafficking. (edu.au)
Future work in this study might also include investigation of the surface and membrane interactions, as well as analysis of the protein dynamics. (lu.se)
In order to deepen our understanding of the interactions between the cell membrane and nanostructures, we perform STED microscopy live imaging of the membrane of cells cultured on nanostructures. (lu.se)

Reduction in the intensity of tryptophan emission spectra of mitochondrial membrane proteins in presence of an increasing concentration of a ligand can be used to study the interaction of insecticides/drugs with the intact mitochondria. (cgiar.org)

StaRs enable antibody discovery by stabilizing the GPCR protein outside the cellular membrane in the correct conformation. (centerwatch.com)
By using a mRNA having 5'cap and a poly(A)-tail with this extract in combination with a proprietary liposome, the translation reaction in vitro yields ample quantity of membrane protein which is captured by the liposome leading to correct conformation and folding essential for biological function. (abnova.com)

The most promising Ags were submitted to a more in-depth biophysical investigation of their structure and conformation stability, and for their capacity to interact with neutralising antibodies (Abs) and peptides. (europa.eu)
We employ high-resolution NMR studies of large chaperone-client complexes to provide an atomic resolution description of their structure and conformation and understand molecular mechanisms underlying their function. (unibas.ch)

While adult somatic cells do not typically undergo membrane fusion under normal conditions, gametes and embryonic cells follow developmental pathways to non-spontaneously drive membrane fusion, such as in placental formation, syncytiotrophoblast formation, and neurodevelopment. (wikipedia.org)
GPCRs are expressed in every type of cell in the body where their function is to transmit signals from outside the cell across the membrane to signaling pathways within the cell, between cells and between organ systems. (centerwatch.com)
Effector proteins are then recruited to activate various cellular signaling pathways, including RAS/RAF/MEK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and JAK/STAT ( 1 ). (biorxiv.org)
Both the CAPS and UNC-13 docking pathways converge on syntaxin, a component of the SNARE (soluble N -ethyl-maleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment receptor) complex. (rupress.org)

I'm using cell and molecular biology techniques, biochemistry as well as microscopy to characterise the plant SUN proteins. (brookes.ac.uk)
Molecular chaperones play a key role in cellular processes, including protein homeostasis, but also in membrane protein transport and biogenesis. (unibas.ch)
Recently, we have systematically investigated how molecular chaperones interact with the intrinsically disordered protein α-synuclein. (unibas.ch)
The methodology will include site-directed mutagenesis, covalent protein modifications, patch- clamp measurements, thermodynamic and kinetic analysis of dose-response curves and rates of transitions, videomicroscopy, and molecular modeling. (usda.gov)
Following these data, in collaboration with Dr. H. R. Guy (NIH), we built molecular models for the E. coli MscL in the closed, closed-expanded and open conformations and found that the channel can not be gated solely with gate that is placed within the transmembrane domain as was previously proposed (Spencer et al. (usda.gov)
This valuable study reports multi-scale molecular dynamics simulations to investigate a class of highly potent antibodies that simultaneously engage with the HIV-1 Envelope trimer and the viral membrane. (elifesciences.org)
Hijacking pathogenic membrane proteins to engineer cellular entry: A molecular biophysics approach Invasive pathogenic bacteria feature many cellular niches and life cycles, for which they have developed functions that are potentially attractive in biotechnology and therapeutic delivery applications. (umich.edu)
Our hybrid NMR and molecular dynamics structure of an Opa reveals that the variable regions are dynamic and disordered, and sample conformations that may be competent for receptor binding. (umich.edu)

3) when the S1 bundle breaks apart leading to the fully open conformation, S1 helices may dock to a specific site on the inner surface of the pore. (usda.gov)
The structure is locked in an outward-facing open conformation by an inhibitor. (rcsb.org)

Oriented solid-state NMR in combination with multiple-residue-specific (15)N labeling and extensive numerical spectral analysis is proposed to determine helix conformations of large membrane proteins in native membranes. (ox.ac.uk)

A membrane receptor reagent and assay is disclosed in which liposomes are bound to an evanescent wave emitting surface. (google.com)
Exocytosis of secretory or synaptic vesicles is executed by a mechanism including the SNARE (soluble N -ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) proteins. (jneurosci.org)
What is the function of receptor proteins in the cell membrane? (rhumbarlv.com)
What are receptor proteins simple definition? (rhumbarlv.com)
When a ligand binds to its receptor, the receptor can change conformation, transmitting a signal into the cell. (rhumbarlv.com)
What is an example of a membrane receptor? (rhumbarlv.com)
How are receptor proteins located in the cell membrane? (rhumbarlv.com)
What are receptor proteins examples? (rhumbarlv.com)
Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) contains a cytochrome b5 domain fold and belongs to the so-called membrane-associated progesterone receptor (MAPR) protein family that is widespread in eukaryotes. (edu.au)
The lifetime of the drug-receptor complex is affected by dynamic processes (conformation changes) that control the rate of drug association and dissociation from the target. (msdmanuals.com)

An example of this would be the formation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the movement of hydrogen ions (H+) across a membrane during cellular respiration or photosynthesis. (roadlesstraveledstore.com)

Membrane fusion proteins (not to be confused with chimeric or fusion proteins) are proteins that cause fusion of biological membranes. (wikipedia.org)
Membrane fusion is critical for many biological processes, especially in eukaryotic development and viral entry. (wikipedia.org)
The detection and evaluation of concentration of influenza virus proteins in biological samples is critical in a broad range of medical and biological investigations regarding the concern over potential outbreaks of virulent influenza strains in animals and humans. (omicsonline.org)
Membrane-disruptive amphiphilic antimicrobial peptides behave as intrinsically disordered proteins by being unordered in water and becoming α-helical in contact with biological membranes. (unige.ch)
Membrane proteins are common proteins that are part of, or interact with, biological membranes. (rhumbarlv.com)
Biological nanopores are a class of membrane proteins that form nanometer-size apertures on lipid membranes. (lu.se)
Here we show that protein sensors in combination with a biological nanopore Cytolysin A (ClyA), acting as an electrical transducer, can accurately quantify metabolites from tiny amounts of bodily fluids with internalized substrate binding proteins (SBDs). (lu.se)

At least eight different chaperones, arranged in an assembly line, transport β-barrel outer membrane proteins (Omps) and fold them into the membrane. (unibas.ch)

Since the method does not depend on specific resonance assignments and proves robust toward nonidealities in the sample alignment, it may be generally feasible for the study of conformational arrangement and function-induced conformation changes of large integral membrane proteins. (ox.ac.uk)
In addition to PufX, a previously unrecognized integral membrane protein, referred to as protein-U, was identified in the core complex. (nature.com)
Antibodies can target epitopes on integral membrane proteins very near to the lipid bilayer surface, even those partially embedded within the headgroup region. (elifesciences.org)
Integral membrane proteins are a permanent part of a cell membrane and can either penetrate the membrane (transmembrane) or associate with one or the other side of a membrane (integral monotopic). (rhumbarlv.com)
Four types of membrane proteins are Integral Membrane Protein, Peripheral Membrane Protein, Transmembrane Protein, and Integral Monotopic Proteins. (rhumbarlv.com)

This includes finding out what other proteins the SUNs bind to and what functions they have during cell division. (brookes.ac.uk)
The matrix exposed C-terminal α-helical domain of Oxa1 can bind mitochondrial ribosomes to facilitate co-translational insertion of proteins into the mitochondrial membrane ( Jia et al . (tcdb.org)
Conversely, propensity to bind lipids or cell membranes poses a significant auto-immunity risk. (elifesciences.org)

By contrast, the L- and D-enantiomers of sr - X22 ((KL) 8 (KL) 4 ( K KLL) 2 K LKK) were equally antibacterial, non-hemolytic, and non-toxic, implying an intrinsically disordered bioactive conformation. (unige.ch)
eLife , 2016) implied that the N-terminus of the magnesium transporter A (MgtA) protein (from hereon called Keif) is intrinsically disordered, but the advantage of this disordered feature to the function of the protein is still unknown. (lu.se)

Hatzis P, Kyrmizi I, Talianidis I. (2006) Mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated disruption of enhancer-promoter communication inhibits hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha expression. (forth.gr)

Experimental two-dimensional (1)H-(15)N dipole-dipole coupling versus (15)N chemical shift spectra for all samples are analyzed numerically to establish combined constraints on the orientation of the seven transmembrane helices relative to the membrane bilayer normal. (ox.ac.uk)
The two-stage model for membrane protein folding postulates that individual helices form first and are subsequently packed against each other. (rcsb.org)
To probe the two-stage model, the structures of peptides representing individual transmembrane helices of the disulfide bond forming protein B have been studied in trifluoroethanol solution as well as in detergent micelles using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and circular dichroism spectroscopy. (rcsb.org)
Signaling is then transduced across the membrane by altering the configuration of the transmembrane (TM) domain, by dimerization of the TM helical region or a change in the arrangement of the TM helices within such a dimer. (biorxiv.org)
Specifically, the TM of unliganded (inactive) EGFR dimerizes at the C-terminus (C t ), while the ligand bound form dimerizes N-terminally (N t ), and the two helices are also rotated by 180° between the conformations ( 4 , 5 ). (biorxiv.org)
We also propose that stretch in the membrane increases the tilt of the M1 and M2 helices, making the barrel wider. (usda.gov)

Historically, ƒ u determination for small-molecule drug candidates has been determined by ultrafiltration, ultracentrifugation, or equilibrium dialysis, which are techniques based on the physical separation of unbound drug molecules from those bound to proteins ( Pacifici and Viani, 1992 ). (aspetjournals.org)
Act as carrier molecules for various solutes is not a function of membrane proteins. (rhumbarlv.com)
From the MRD data, the rotational correlation time of detergent-solubilized BR was determined to 35 ns at 300 K, con- sistent with a monomeric protein in complex with about 150 detergent molecules. (lu.se)
While the locations and inferred H-bond connec- water molecules in a membrane protein, despite tivities of these internal water molecules are essen- being deeply buried and extensively H-bonded to tial, one would also like to quantify their mobility. (lu.se)
Later, when Abeta also accumulates in critical amounts outside the cells, this may suck out the internal Abeta, like osmosis of molecules over a membrane to have equal concentrations on both sides. (lu.se)

Peptide structures in TFE were compared to the structures of full-length protein obtained by X-ray crystallography and NMR. (rcsb.org)

2018 ). Through YidC, proteins are inserted into the lipid bilayer via the SecYEG-dependent complex, but YidC functions as a chaperone in protein folding processes. (tcdb.org)
2022 ). The YidC transmembrane (TM) groove is essential for a high- affinity interaction, and the hydrophilic nature of the YidC groove plays an important role in protein transport across the cytoplasmic membrane bilayer to the periplasmic side. (tcdb.org)
Simulations estimating protein-membrane interaction strength for PGZL1 variants along an inferred maturation pathway show bilayer affinity is evolved and correlates with neutralization potency. (elifesciences.org)
In this Commentary, I review evidence in favor of the idea that partitioning of TMDs into bilayer domains that are endowed with distinct physico-chemical properties plays a pivotal role in the transport of membrane proteins within the early secretory pathway. (biologists.com)
We also investigate the properties of model membranes such as supported lipid bilayer and vesicles on a variety of nanowire substrates. (lu.se)
In addition, when platelets are activated, negatively charged phospholipids move from the inner to the outer leaflet of the membrane bilayer. (medscape.com)

de Marcos-Lousa C, P Sideris D, Tokatlidis K. (2006) Translocation of mitochondrial inner-membrane proteins: conformation matters. (forth.gr)
The removal of protons from the matrix and deposition of protons in the intermembrane space creates a concentration difference of protons across the inner membrane. (roadlesstraveledstore.com)
They then export some of these proteins as well some mitochondrially-encoded proteins to the inter membrane space, or they insert them into the inner membrane. (tcdb.org)
Mitochondria inherited three inner membrane translocases Sec, TAT and Oxa1 (YidC) from its bacterial ancestor. (tcdb.org)
It resides in the inner membrane of Escherichia coli and serves as protective safety valve in the event of osmotic shock. (usda.gov)

This interpretation is supported by the apparent presence of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif/ITAM sequences that are involved in endocytosis and vesicle targeting, and the colocalisation of PGRMC1 with caveolin and at the cytoplasmic membrane. (edu.au)

As a toxin, PLA2 is a potent presynaptic neurotoxin which blocks nerve terminals by binding to the nerve membrane and hydrolyzing stable membrane lipids. (nih.gov)
The work provides insights into how broadly neutralizing antibodies associate with lipids proximal to membrane-associated epitopes to drive neutralization. (elifesciences.org)

During chemiosmosis, the free energy from the series of reactions that make up the electron transport chain is used to pump hydrogen ions across the membrane, establishing an electrochemical gradient. (roadlesstraveledstore.com)

Sulfhydryl-activated toxin that causes cytolysis by forming pores in cholesterol containing host membranes. (joplink.net)
B-cells producing antibodies targeting host membranes are downregulated in healthy organisms 1 - 4 . (elifesciences.org)

These features are discussed in relation to membrane topology and an assembly model proposed for the native dimeric complex. (nature.com)
Conformation and topology of amyloid beta-protein adsorbed on a tethered artificial membrane probed by surface plasmon field-enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy. (mpg.de)
Insertion of a membrane protein via the Oxa1p export machinery follows the 'positive-inside' rule for membrane protein topology. (tcdb.org)

However, the conformation of some amino acid side chains differs between the structures of peptide and full-length protein. (rcsb.org)

Protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane is an essential step during protein entry into the secretory pathway. (lu.se)
Secretory proteins exit the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in coat protein complex II (COPII)-coated vesicles and then progress through the Golgi complex before delivery to their final destination. (biologists.com)

The conserved Sec61 protein-conducting channel facilitates polypeptide translocation and coordinates cotranslational polypeptide-processing events. (lu.se)
In cells, the majority of Sec61 is stably associated with a heterotetrameric membrane protein complex, the translocon-associated protein complex (TRAP), yet the mechanism by which TRAP assists in polypeptide translocation remains unknown. (lu.se)
The chloroplast albino 3 (ALB3) protein appears to integrate the light harvesting chlorophyll-binding protein into thylakoid membranes using a pathway that is distinct from the chloroplast Sec translocation pathway. (tcdb.org)

SNARE proteins are essential components of the machinery that facilitates membrane fusion in eukaryotic cells. (gla.ac.uk)
In eukaryotic cells the genetic material is surrounded by a membrane system called the nuclear envelope (NE). (brookes.ac.uk)

Fifty-one vaccine candidates were designed mainly to mimic fusion intermediate conformations of gp41 and in some instance to increase exposure of the 2F5/4E10 epitopes. (europa.eu)
Another design strategy was developed using gammaretroviruses backbone where 2 domains were substituted with HIV epitopes in the N-terminal part of the ectodomain and the membrane proximal external region (MPER) respectively. (europa.eu)
The aim of the present study was to functionalize Ti scaffolds with genetically modified elastin-like recombinamers (ELRs), synthetic polymeric proteins containing the elastin epitopes responsible for their mechanical properties and for promoting mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) recruitment, proliferation, and differentiation to ultimately increase scaffold osseointegration. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
A better understanding of how antibodies develop membrane affinity and target membrane-proximal epitopes would be impactful for antibody therapeutics, auto-immunity, and vaccine development 10 - 12 . (elifesciences.org)

These and other correlations provide considerable help in understanding the structural requirements for membrane binding and pore formation. (nih.gov)
Cholesterol may be required for binding to host cell membranes, membrane insertion and pore formation. (joplink.net)

Of note, domains found in membrane-attack complex proteins of complement and perforin (MACPF) resemble cholesterol-dependent cytolysins from Gram-positive bacteria, and the Bcl family of apoptosis regulators share similar architectures with Escherichia coli pore-forming colicins. (nih.gov)
Most of the identified proteins are connected with the initial events of foreign body reaction towards biomaterial (coagulation cascade proteins, complement component, and inflammatory proteins). (ibecbarcelona.eu)

Formulation of unifying hypotheses describing how SM proteins function has been problematic, primarily due to the multiple modes of interaction that have been characterised for different members of this family binding to their cognate SNARE proteins. (gla.ac.uk)
In addition to investigating the functional significance of Vps45p's interaction(s) with Tlg2p, I have also investigated binding of the SM protein to the v-SNARE Snc2p. (gla.ac.uk)
The role of SUN3 in the ER is reinforced by the identification of a protein interaction between SUN3 and the ER membrane-bound transcription factor maMYB. (brookes.ac.uk)
In addition, several proteins that are not previously linked with blood-biomaterial interaction are presented and discussed. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
This membrane interaction behavior is attributed to shared CDR loop features, including a long hydrophobic CDR- H3 7 , 18 , 21 , 22 , 24 - 26 , and appears to correlate with neutralization potency. (elifesciences.org)
For membrane proteins, a third mechanism, based on the interaction of their transmembrane domain (TMD) with lipid microdomains, must also be considered. (biologists.com)

The ligand-bound TM configuration promotes asymmetric dimerization of the intracellular juxta-membrane (JM) and kinase domains, which causes autophosphorylation of intracellular tyrosine residues ( 6 , 7 ). (biorxiv.org)
The flavivirus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) functions in genome replication as an intracellular dimer and in immune system evasion as a secreted hexamer. (nih.gov)

The SNARE family include bona fide eukaryotic fusion proteins. (wikipedia.org)
SNARE proteins are subject to multiple levels of regulation, one of which is imbedded in the syntaxin (Qa-SNARE) molecule. (gla.ac.uk)
The yeast SM protein Vps45p regulates membrane fusion through the trans-Golgi / late endosomal system, and interacts directly with the syntaxin (Tlg2p) and the v-SNARE (Snc2p) proteins. (gla.ac.uk)
This inhibition reflects the binding of Munc18-1 to a closed conformation of the target-SNARE syntaxin1. (jneurosci.org)

The pairs of residues on S1 and S2 predicted to be proximal in either closed or open conformations were mutated to Cys, and the effects of coupling were tested with patch-clamp and biochemically using Western blots. (usda.gov)
A potent class of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) targets the envelope glycoprotein's membrane proximal exposed region (MPER) through a proposed mechanism where hypervariable loops embed into lipid bilayers and engage headgroup moieties alongside the epitope. (elifesciences.org)
We sought to address this phenomenon for broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) 4E10, PGZL1, 10E8, and LN01 of unique lineages which all target the semi-concealed membrane-proximal epitope region (MPER) 13 - 16 of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env). (elifesciences.org)

This has previously proved very difficult for GPCRs, which lose their conformational and functional integrity when removed from their natural environment in cell membranes. (centerwatch.com)
The overall objective of EuroNeut-41 was to design a vaccine that raises antibodies able to prevent HIV cell fusion by blocking the virus fusion protein gp41 in its pre-fusogenic conformation. (europa.eu)
The electrons cause conformation changes in the shapes of the proteins to pump H+ across a selectively permeable cell membrane. (roadlesstraveledstore.com)
Mitochondria import nuclearly-encoded proteins, made in the cell cytoplasm, into the mitochondrial matrix where their mitochondrial targeting sequences are removed by proteolysis. (tcdb.org)
This system has significant advantages over commonly used protein expression platforms such as E. coli , insect cell, and mammalian cell which are all in vivo systems and under the constraint of cell membrane leading to low yield and stability. (abnova.com)
What are proteins in a cell membrane? (rhumbarlv.com)
Zinc ions have shown antiviral properties, but a key issue for their use for antiviral therapy is its difficulty, as a divalent metal ion, to cross the cell membrane and thus reach its targets inside the cell. (gauss-centre.eu)

This study is a proof-of-concept that acidity-responsive membrane peptide ligands can be generally applied to RTKs. (biorxiv.org)
Potential roles of heme and steroid/sterol ligands are reviewed, as well as the implications of apparent target sequences within PGRMC1 for binding by SH2- and SH3-domain proteins as well as kinases. (edu.au)

The hybridization LC-MS/MS platform provided unique advantages, including minimal matrix effects and high specificity, compared with traditional ligand binding assays or liquid scintillation approaches, which enabled efficient and reliable in vitro protein binding assay. (aspetjournals.org)

Crystal structures often deviate from the natural system: Proteins, especially membrane-bound ones, do not necessarily crystallize in their biologically active structures and the measures needed to obtain suitable GPCR crystals tend to increase the diversity between the natural environment and the crystal. (gauss-centre.eu)

In the following, we refer to pump of halophilic archaebacteria, has become the these as the extracellular (EC) channel and the paradigm of membrane proteins in general and ion cytoplasmic (CP) channel. (lu.se)

Antifreeze proteins allow plants, animals and bacteria to survive in sub-zero environments by stopping ice crystals from forming. (calstatela.edu)
Bacteria also export (to the periplasm) N-tails of membrane proteins synthesized without leader sequences by a Sec (Type IIPS)-independent mechanism. (tcdb.org)
Homologues of the yeast Oxa1 protein are found in chloroplasts of plants and in a wide variety of bacteria. (tcdb.org)
The epithelial cells that line the intestine have been found to sense tight attachment of bacteria, and to respond by producing proteins that shape the effector functions of the immune system's T H 17 cells. (natureasia.com)

Copper binding and conformation of the N-terminal octarepeats of the prion protein in the presence of DPC micelles as membrane mimetic. (mpg.de)

The aggregation of the protein Amyloid-beta (Abeta) into plaques outside the nerve cells has been recognized in patients with Alzheimer's disease since 1905. (lu.se)

Neurons can release small molecule neurotransmitters very rapidly in part because synaptic vesicles are docked to the membrane at active zones. (rupress.org)

by similarity, to similar proteins with structure having catalytic activity. (nih.gov)

Intrinsic protein fluorescence is due to aromatic amino acids, mainly tryptophan, which can be selectively measured by exciting at 295 nm. (cgiar.org)
Intrinsic membrane proteins are tightly embedded in the hydrophobic core, whereas extrinsic membrane proteins associate with their required leaflet. (rhumbarlv.com)

Changes in emission spectra of tryptophan are due to the protein conformational transitions, subunit association, ligand binding or denaturation, which affect the local environment surrounding the indole ring. (cgiar.org)
At different stages of the insertion process, conformational changes in YidC's TM domain and membrane core have a mechanistic effect on Pf3 coat protein insertion. (tcdb.org)

There are four groups of fusion proteins categorized by their structure and mechanism of fusion. (wikipedia.org)
Studying the role of arginine residues in enhancing an antifreeze protein from the beetle Dendroides candensis , Brown hopes to understand how the protein works as an adaptive mechanism for many organisms in cold environmental conditions. (calstatela.edu)
Comparing this structure with a substrate-bound structure of the uracil transporter UraA in an inward-facing conformation allowed us to identify the anion-binding position in the AE1(CTD), and to propose a possible transport mechanism that could explain why selected mutations lead to disease. (rcsb.org)

Chemiosmosis is the movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane bound structure, down their electrochemical gradient. (roadlesstraveledstore.com)
In these systems, we find that chaperones hold clients in a dynamic state that rapidly interconverts conformations while bound on the chaperone surface. (unibas.ch)
What does membrane bound protein mean? (rhumbarlv.com)
Platelets play a primary role in this process, interacting with subendothelium-bound von Willebrand factor (vWf) via the membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ib complex. (medscape.com)

A conformation change leads to insertion in the host membrane and formation of an oligomeric pore complex. (joplink.net)
The latter can replace E. coli YidC for Sec-independent insertion of proteins ( Bloois et al . (tcdb.org)
2001 ). Mitochondria have two, one for co-translational, and one for post-translational insertion of membrane proteins. (tcdb.org)
Insertion of proteins into the bacterial outer membrane is mediated by a dedicated chaperone machinery. (unibas.ch)

The Tim21 binding domain connects the preprotein translocases of both mitochondrial membranes. (mpg.de)

In the case of membrane proteins, they are able to undergo rotational and lateral movement. (rhumbarlv.com)

Syncytin-1 Syncytin-2 ERV3 is not functional in humans HAP2 is a domesticated viral class II fusion protein found in diverse eukaryotes including Toxoplasma, vascular plants, and fruit flies. (wikipedia.org)
Mitochondrial TAT transports folded proteins in those eukaryotes with TatA and TatC subunits encoded in the mitochondrial genome. (tcdb.org)

Vesicle fusion events involved in neurotransmitter trafficking also relies on the catalytic activity of fusion proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Class II proteins are dominant in β-sheets and the catalytic sites are localized in the core region. (wikipedia.org)
Domain 1 contains the catalytic site for membrane fusion. (wikipedia.org)
Sampling of hundreds of consecutive reactions from single enzymes revealed that DHFR populates frequent non-productive transition-state conformations and undergoes second-long catalytic pauses. (lu.se)

Some F components solely drive fusion while a subset of F proteins can interact with host factors. (wikipedia.org)

Interbilayer forces in membrane fusion Viral membrane fusion proteins Classification of viral fusion proteins in TCDB database Klapper R, Stute C, Schomaker O, Strasser T, Janning W, Renkawitz-Pohl R, Holz A (January 2002). (wikipedia.org)

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Information Science9

Health Care2

Receptors15

Plasma membrane7

Interactions16

Mitochondrial membrane proteins1

Correct conformation2

Structure and conformation2

Pathways4

Molecular8

Open conformation2

Native membranes1

Receptor10

Cellular1

Biological7

Outer membrane proteins1

Integral5

Bind3

Intrinsically disordered2

Disruption1

Helices6

Molecules5

Crystallography1

Bilayer6

Inner membrane5

Cytoplasmic membrane1

Lipids2

Electron1

Host membranes2

Topology3

Amino Acid1

Endoplasmic reticulum2

Translocation3

Eukaryotic cells2

Epitopes4

Pore formation2

Complement2

Interaction6

Intracellular2

SNARE4

Proximal3

Cell7

Ligands2

Assay1

GPCR1

Extracellular1

Bacteria4

Micelles1

Amyloid1

Vesicles1

Similar proteins1

Intrinsic2

Conformational2

Mechanism3

Bound4

Insertion4

Translocases1

Undergo1

Eukaryotes2

Catalytic4

Interact1

Classification1