Membrane protein endocytosis. Medical search. Frequent questions

The pheromone receptors have seven hydrophobic segments and are coupled to a heterotrimeric G protein. (berkeley.edu)
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are, with approximately 800 members, among the most abundant membrane proteins in humans. (nih.gov)
Along their life cycle, GPCRs are accompanied by a range of specialized GPCR-interacting proteins (GIPs) to assist nascent receptors in proper folding, to target them to the appropriate subcellular compartments and to fulfill their signaling tasks. (nih.gov)
GPI-linked membrane folate receptors (MFRs) have been implicated in the receptor-mediated uptake of reduced folate cofactors and folate-based chemotherapeutic drugs. (rupress.org)
Many receptors and their associated ligands cluster into clathrin-coated pits by association with clathrin adaptor proteins such as the four-subunit complex AP2. (wormbook.org)
Many receptors then recycle to the plasma membrane either directly or indirectly via recycling endosomes. (wormbook.org)
Trafficking of yolk and yolk receptors also depends critically upon the activities of the endocytic Rab proteins RAB-5 , RAB-7 , and RAB-11 , known modulators of endocytosis in all eukaryotes ( Grant and Hirsh, 1999 ). (wormbook.org)
Clathrin and cargo molecules are assembled into clathrin-coated pits on the plasma membrane together with an adaptor complex called AP-2 that links clathrin with transmembrane receptors, concluding in the formation of mature clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs). (wormbook.org)
One of the most enigmatic aspects of this process is endocytic recycling, the return of macromolecules (often receptors) and fluid from endosomes to the plasma membrane. (rutgers.edu)
Cell entry by measles virus: long hybrid receptors uncouple binding from membrane fusion. (1library.net)
What are membrane receptors? (rhumbarlv.com)
Membrane receptors are specialized protein molecules attached to or integrated into the cell membrane. (rhumbarlv.com)
Receptors are generally transmembrane proteins, which bind to signaling molecules outside the cell and subsequently transmit the signal through a sequence of molecular switches to internal signaling pathways. (rhumbarlv.com)
Receptors are a special class of proteins that function by binding a specific ligand molecule. (rhumbarlv.com)
The LDL receptor and transferrin receptors are examples of receptors that function by receptor-mediated endocytosis. (rhumbarlv.com)
How do membrane receptors produce their effects? (rhumbarlv.com)
membrane receptors are specialized protein molecules in the membranes of cells, to which external molecules (hormones, neurotransmitters, drugs) attach, triggering changes in the function of the cell. (rhumbarlv.com)
Hundreds of different G-protein-linked receptors have been identified. (rhumbarlv.com)

Endocytosis is the vesicle-mediated process used by all cells to internalize extracellular macromolecules, plasma membrane lipids, and plasma membrane proteins ( Figure 1 ). (wormbook.org)
One important model for mechanistic studies of endocytosis in C. elegans focuses on oocytes, which internalize huge quantities of yolk proteins and their associated lipids by clathrin-mediated endocytosis ( Grant and Hirsh, 1999 ). (wormbook.org)
To create particular shaped cells and cell organelles, membranes must undergo deformations which are determined by the structure and elasticity of the membrane and this process is most probable driven by proteins, lipids and/or interplay of both. (db-engine.de)

Intracellular transport of lysosomes is carried out in membrane-bound vesicles through the use of motor proteins. (awm-math.org)
Depending on organism, cell type as well as the nature of the adaptin complex bound, they can target either to cell surface or to specific, internal membrane-bound organelles (endosomes, lysosomes, melanosomes, synaptic vesicles, etc. (eu.org)
Loss of Pcs impairs Rab11 localization on the trans-side of Golgi units and induces the cytoplasmic accumulation of post-Golgi vesicles bearing rhabdomere proteins, as observed in Rab11-deficiency. (sdbonline.org)
The Freiburg team of Shastri, Dr. Shengnan Xiang and Dr. Melika Sarem, have now discovered that liposomes - nanoscale vesicles of lipid molecules encompassing an aqueous core - can be used to alter the stiffness of the cell plasma membrane through lipid transfer. (nanowerk.com)
Specifically, we use recombinantly expressed proteins and purified native protein complexes in combination with a wide variety of model membrane systems, including planar lipid bilayers (single channel electrophysiology), giant unilamellar vesicles, lipid nanodiscs and supported bilayers. (db-engine.de)
The cellular apparatus involved in pinching off vesicles from the cell membranes and transporting them into the cell's interior via endocytosis is partially responsible for misrouting the Glut1 protein. (eurekalert.org)

A cell swallows nanomaterial from its immediate environment via deformation of the cell membrane through a process called endocytosis. (nanowerk.com)
For example, actin filaments are needed to pull part of the membrane surrounding the cell inwards to bring molecules from the external environment into the cell by a process called endocytosis. (elifesciences.org)

A major barrier for the efficacy of many clinically relevant anti-cancer drugs (e.g. gemcitabine, 5-flurouracil, cisplatin) is the passage of these molecules across biological membranes, whether in the context of transit across an endothelial monolayer or across the plasma membrane of the cancer cell itself [ 5 ]. (plos.org)
Endocytosis is a fundamental process involved in trafficking of various extracellular and transmembrane molecules from the cell surface to its interior. (mdpi.com)
Endocytosis: is a process whereby cells absorb material (molecules such as proteins) from the outside by engulfing it with their cell membrane. (bibalex.org)
Act as carrier molecules for various solutes is not a function of membrane proteins. (rhumbarlv.com)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a special conformation of cellular membranes that has at times served to confound effective drug therapy for intra-CNS conditions, most notably tertiary neurosyphilis. (weeksmd.com)
We are interested in recruiting highly motivated and creative Postdocs and PhD students to study the fascinating molecular organization of cellular membranes. (db-engine.de)
The Meinecke lab focuses on the in vitro reconstitution of processes at and across cellular membranes. (db-engine.de)

notably, integration of proteomics data with in situ subcellular microscopic analyses showed a high abundance of cytoskeleton proteins associated with acidified PBs at the early development stages. (nature.com)
A member of GTP-binding protein of the large ras superfamily involved in regulation of membrane trafficking by modulating ENDOCYTOSIS and ACTIN CYTOSKELETON remodeling. (bvsalud.org)

Activation of the pheromone receptor-coupled G protein initiates a four-tiered cascade of protein kinases, ultimately resulting in stimulation of a messenger-activated protein kinase or MAPK (Fus3) that translocates into the nucleus. (berkeley.edu)
Cells constitutively utilize several distinct mechanisms of endocytosis, including clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) for the internalization of receptor-bound macromolecules such as Transferrin Receptor (TfR), and distinct mechanism(s) that mediate the majority of fluid-phase endocytosis. (plos.org)
Receptor activation triggers several processes such as signaling and receptor endocytosis. (nih.gov)
Endocytosis of GPI-linked membrane folate receptor-alpha. (rupress.org)
One of most important targets in COVID-19 research is the Spike (S) Protein on the surface of the viral envelope that interacts with the ACE2 receptor on the surface of human cells. (promocell.com)
This route enables virus uptake via endosomes by receptor-mediated endocytosis. (promocell.com)
What is the function of receptor proteins in the cell membrane? (rhumbarlv.com)
What are receptor proteins simple definition? (rhumbarlv.com)
What is an example of a membrane receptor? (rhumbarlv.com)
The LDL receptor is a transmembrane protein of the plasma membrane. (rhumbarlv.com)
How are receptor proteins located in the cell membrane? (rhumbarlv.com)
What are receptor proteins examples? (rhumbarlv.com)
The Cvs7 protein (afterwards buy Clofarabine renamed Artwork1 by Emr and co-employees) was also discovered to be needed for endocytosis of the methionine transporter Mup1, however, not for the internalization of various other plasma-membrane proteins like the uracil transporter Fur4, the iron transporter Ftr1, the multidrug transporter Pdr5 and the -aspect receptor Ste2. (bioskinrevive.com)

Moreover, endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-related proteins and their transcripts are most abundant at early and mid-development. (nature.com)
The GTPase Rab11 regulates endosomal protein trafficking and previous work has shown that loss of Rab11 caused intestinal inflammation and hyperplasia in mice and flies. (sdbonline.org)
In addition, EHBP-1 was found to be required for endosomal membrane association of RAB-10 and actin association with the enlarged endosomes of rab-10 mutants. (rutgers.edu)
The present study presented experimental evidence on illustrating the use of VAEM in tracking and dissecting protein dynamics, dissecting endosomal dynamics, cell structure assembly along with membrane microdomain and protein motility in intact plant cells. (biomedcentral.com)

We have recently shown that this same pathway modulates the content of integral membrane proteins and, in collaborative studies, that it is also involved in maintenance of the sterol composition of the plasma membrane. (berkeley.edu)
These findings are published in the scientific journal Small ( 'Liposomal Treatment of Cancer Cells Modulates Uptake Pathway of Polymeric Nanoparticles by Altering Membrane Stiffness' ). (nanowerk.com)
Using the Drosophila nephrocyte as a genetic screen platform, most genes involved in endocytosis and cell trafficking were screened, and the key components were identified of the cell trafficking pathway required for SD protein endocytosis and recycling. (sdbonline.org)
The SD protein endocytosis and recycling pathway was found to contain clathrin , dynamin , AP-2 complex, like-AP180 (Lap) , auxilin and Hsc70-4 (the endocytosis part) followed by Rab11 and the exocyst complex (the recycling part). (sdbonline.org)
Disrupting any component in this pathway led to disrupted SD on the cell surface and intracellular accumulation of mislocalized SD proteins. (sdbonline.org)
This study provides the first in vivo evidence of trapped SD proteins in clathrin-coated pits at the plasma membrane when this pathway is disrupted. (sdbonline.org)
All genes in this SD protein endocytosis and recycling pathway, as well as SD proteins themselves, are highly conserved from flies to humans. (sdbonline.org)
Thus, these results suggest that the SD proteins in human kidney undergo the same endocytosis and recycling pathway to maintain the filtration structure, and mutations in any genes in this pathway could lead to abnormal SD and renal diseases. (sdbonline.org)
Others are recycled back to the plasma membrane via the recycling pathway. (wormbook.org)
Description The endocytic pathway of eukaryotes is essential for the internalization and trafficking of macromolecules, fluid, membranes, and membrane proteins. (rutgers.edu)

The PM provides an environment in which macromolecules interact efficiently, including the clustering of proteins in oligomeric complexes via protein-protein or protein-lipid interactions, the docking and anchoring of protein complexes for regulatory reactions and other precisely orchestrated processes [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
What types of biological macromolecules does a normal healthy kidney regulate and what types of membrane transport are used? (mynursingessay.com)

This gene product belongs to the SCAMP family of proteins which are secretory carrier membrane proteins. (wikipedia.org)
In yeast, a member of the WASP family of proteins promotes the assembly of actin filaments around the site where endocytosis will occur. (elifesciences.org)
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. (cancerindex.org)

This includes gene, protein and metabolic networks, cellular architecture and intracellular dynamics, cell communication and motility, cell division and differentiation, tissue formation and organogenesis, tissue and organ functions, changes in population characteristics as a consequence of interaction of organisms with their physical environment, with individuals of their own species, and with organisms of other species. (nih.gov)
have begun to reveal new components and new mechanisms associated with intracellular membrane traffic in a variety of cell types. (wormbook.org)
Some genetic changes even affect intracellular protein transport through this process. (eurekalert.org)

Secretory carrier-associated membrane protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SCAMP1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
The CHMP2B gene provides instructions for making a protein called charged multivesicular body protein 2B. (medlineplus.gov)
Endophilin-A2, SH3 domain protein 2B or SH3 Domain-Containing GRB2-Like Protein 1 is encoded by the gene Sh3gl1 and a member of the endophilin family of Src homology 3 domain-containing proteins. (antibodiesinc.com)
What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
An example is a mutation in the gene for the Glut1 protein that causes two specific building blocks of protein, namely leucines, to lie next to one another, creating a so-called dileucine motif. (eurekalert.org)
At least immunofluorescence analysis has been conducted to confirm gene data on the protein level. (lww.com)

Adaptin-binding acidic dileucine motifs and variants thereof occur almost exclusively on the cytosolic side of membrane proteins, mostly integral (transmembrane) proteins. (eu.org)

The Wee1 class of protein-tyrosine kinase has an important role in cell cycle control. (berkeley.edu)
We investigated control mechanisms that regulate the activity, localization, and stability of Wee1, especially the bud neck-localized protein kinase Hsl1 and its more distant paralogs (Gin4 and Kcc4), in particular their recruitment to septin filaments, which assemble at the presumptive site of cell division. (berkeley.edu)
We also studied the roles of other classes of protein kinases (Cla4) and additional post-translational modifications (SUMOylation) in septin complex assembly, formation of different septin-based supramolecular ensembles, disassembly of septin-containing structures, and the function of septin organization in the events required for cell division and membrane septation during cytokinesis. (berkeley.edu)
This complex helps transport other proteins from the cell membrane to the interior of the cell, a process known as endocytosis. (medlineplus.gov)
In particular, the ESCRT-III complex is involved in the endocytosis of proteins that need to be broken down (degraded) by the cell. (medlineplus.gov)
In multicellular animals, AP1 targets its ligands from the trans-Golgi network to the cell membrane, mainly to the basolateral surface of polarized epithelial cells or somato-dendritic compartment of neurons ( Nakatsu,2014 ). (eu.org)
AP2 is chiefly involved in endocytosis of cell surface proteins and their trafficking to early or late endosomes. (eu.org)
Drug delivery to tumors is limited by several factors, including drug permeability of the target cell plasma membrane. (plos.org)
Our first important observation is that, MSC EVs possess a common mechanism of endocytosis across multiple cell types. (frontiersin.org)
Overall, the results presented in this study show a common mechanism of endocytosis for MSC EVs across different cell types and the feasibility to generate functionally enhanced EVs by modifications to parental MSCs. (frontiersin.org)
Lipid phosphatases identified by screening a mouse phosphatase shRNA library regulate T-cell differentiation and protein kinase B AKT signaling. (nih.gov)
A research team led by Prof. Dr. Prasad Shastri at the University of Freiburg has shown that, the stiffness of cancer cell plasma membrane affects how nanoparticles get internalized, and this process can be enhanced when the cell plasma membrane stiffness is increased. (nanowerk.com)
It is still relatively unclear what role the biophysical properties of cell membrane play in this process. (nanowerk.com)
Increasing the stiffness of cancer cell membrane enhanced the entry of polymer nanoparticles through pathways rich in cholesterol. (nanowerk.com)
The results show that the biophysical properties of the cell membrane provide important starting points for further improving targeted treatment of tumor cells," summarizes Shastri. (nanowerk.com)
Newer approaches are looking instead for ways of altering the pharmacokinetics of established drugs, particularly with respect to improving the ability of these to penetrate cell membranes at the end-organ/tissue level. (weeksmd.com)
Physiologically, the cell membranes of the body's tissues possess a variety of mechanisms through which substances on one side of a biomembrane may be selectively transported across to the other side. (weeksmd.com)
The alpha unit is predominantly located on the outer surface of the cell membrane, and the insulin binding domain is located here. (weeksmd.com)
Mitochondria not only serve as power plants in cells but also act as crucial regulators in many biological processes, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling, redox balance, calcium homeostasis, protein quality control, and programmed cell death ( 3 , 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
During this phase, the Virion, which, according to theFreeDictionary.com, is "a complete viral particle, consisting of RNA or DNA surrounded by a protein shell and constituting the infective form of a virus", enters the host cell either through endocytosis (1) or membrane fusion. (bibalex.org)
This is because during that phase, the virus is released from the host cell by bursting the cell membrane and cell wall leading to the destruction of the host cell. (bibalex.org)
Did you know that most chemicals we come into contact with-including the food we eat-must pass through a complex system of cell membranes before they can enter the bloodstream? (visionlearning.com)
Chemicals can enter the human body by several methods, but most must pass through living cell membranes before entering the bloodstream. (visionlearning.com)
The cell membrane consists mainly of phospholipids and proteins in the form of a lipid bilayer. (visionlearning.com)
Mechanisms for moving chemicals through the cell membrane include: passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, and endocytosis. (visionlearning.com)
Except for injection directly into the bloodstream, the chemical must pass through a complex system of living cell membranes before it can enter the bloodstream. (visionlearning.com)
As chemicals pass into and out of cells , they must cross the cell membrane (Figure 1). (visionlearning.com)
It is the membrane that keeps all of the cell contents securely inside, but which allows some materials to pass in and out of the cell via several different mechanisms. (visionlearning.com)
The two lipid layers face each other inside the membrane, and the more water soluble parts of the phospholipid molecule (phosphate groups) face the aqueous media inside the cell (cytoplasm) as well as outside the cell (intercellular fluid). (visionlearning.com)
The Cell Membrane. (visionlearning.com)
One of the mechanisms for moving chemicals through the cell membrane is passive diffusion . (visionlearning.com)
Biological membranes exhibit function-related shapes, leading to a plethora of complex and beautiful cell and cell organellar morphologies. (db-engine.de)
Therefore, an important question of current cell biology in conjunction with physics and mathematics is to elucidate the functional cause for these different membrane morphologies as well as how they are formed. (db-engine.de)
S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. (cancerindex.org)
The GP64 envelope fusion protein is an essential baculovirus protein required for cell-to-cell transmission of infection. (1library.net)
This protein mediates either fusion of the virus membrane with the host cell membrane (TMPRSS2 activated mediation) or endocytosis of the virus particle (Cathepsin-activated mediation) and its entry into the cell. (promocell.com)
Recent research has found that both prior to and after attachment, the S Protein requires activation by cellular proteases (such as the serine protease TMPRSS2) to trigger viral entry into the target cell. (promocell.com)
Spike (S) Protein priming is essential for entry of SARS-CoV-2 and relies upon the cell surface protease TMPRSS2 (transmembrane protease serine 2) and the protease Furin. (promocell.com)
Integral membrane proteins are a permanent part of a cell membrane and can either penetrate the membrane (transmembrane) or associate with one or the other side of a membrane (integral monotopic). (rhumbarlv.com)
What are proteins in a cell membrane? (rhumbarlv.com)
An important cellular structure is the cell (plasma) membrane. (mynursingessay.com)
They cause the Glut1 protein to lose its function in the cell membrane: the protein no longer transports glucose from the blood into the brain. (eurekalert.org)
The doctoral student did this by recreating 258 flexible protein regions in test tubes - both "healthy" variants as well as disease-related ones - and then adding human cell extracts. (eurekalert.org)
This pattern is known to attract proteins that aid the cell in transporting other proteins inside its interior," says Meyer. (eurekalert.org)
Could it be that in people affected by this mutation the Glut1 protein is not defective but has instead ended up in the wrong place in the cell? (eurekalert.org)
In tests on cell cultures Meyer showed that the mutated Glut1 protein was no longer present on the cell surface, where it takes up glucose. (eurekalert.org)
Meyer was able to confirm her hypothesis: When she blocked this process, the Glut1 protein found its way back to the cell surface and resumed glucose uptake. (eurekalert.org)
The introduction of fluorescent proteins that can be targeted to the secretory granules, in combination with the advent of new techniques that allow real-time imaging of granule trafficking in living cells (granule dynamics), has led to an explosion of our knowledge of the pre-exocytotic and post-exocytotic processes in the beta cell. (lu.se)

The S Protein is then processed/activated by the lysosomal Cathepsin L in the late endosomes (endo-lysosomes) following endocytosis of the virus. (promocell.com)

Actin is one of the most abundant proteins in yeast, mammalian and other eukaryotic cells. (elifesciences.org)

The Molecular Membrane Biology GRC is a premier, international scientific conference focused on advancing the frontiers of science through the presentation of cutting-edge and unpublished research, prioritizing time for discussion after each talk and fostering informal interactions among scientists of all career stages. (grc.org)
The 2023 Gordon Conference on Molecular Membrane Biology will focus on the latest insights into organelle biogenesis and function, membrane trafficking, the connection to metabolism, and interorganelle communication. (grc.org)
The meeting will include sessions on novel techniques and their application in molecular membrane biology, and relevance for diseases. (grc.org)
This GRC will be held in conjunction with the "Molecular Membrane Biology" Gordon Research Seminar (GRS). (grc.org)

Specifically, multivesicular bodies (MVBs), and the ESCRT-III HvSNF7 proteins are associated with PBs during barley endosperm development. (nature.com)
The complex helps sort these proteins into structures called multivesicular bodies (MVBs), which deliver them to lysosomes. (medlineplus.gov)

Invited talks will feature a broad range of topics including membrane biogenesis, protein sorting to organelles, metabolic regulation of organelle biogenesis, autophagy, protein and organelle quality control, lipid homeostasis, interorganelle contact sites, host-pathogen interactions, and the mechanism of organelle fission and fusion. (grc.org)
Sigma subunits of AP complexes differ slightly in their surface charge densities and binding groove geometry, allowing for both generic and selective interactions with protein partners. (eu.org)
Our results demonstrate that SH3 (Src homology 3) domain-PRM (proline-rich motif) interactions involving multivalent linker proteins play central roles in concentrating NPFs at endocytic sites. (elifesciences.org)
The experiments show that WASP, myosin and WIP are recruited to sites where endocytosis is about to occur through specific interactions with other proteins. (elifesciences.org)
It also refers as " Extrinsic proteins " that associates with the lipid bilayer by weak electrostatic and hydrogen bond interactions. (rhumbarlv.com)
Many cellular processes are based on such interactions between proteins. (eurekalert.org)

Ypk1, in turn, regulates (via its phosphorylation of multiple substrates) maintenance of sphingolipid and glycerolipid homeostasis and bilayer lipid organization in the plasma membrane. (berkeley.edu)
Apart from the membrane transport of glucose, insulin also regulates the transport of some amino acids, some fatty acids, potassium, magnesium, and certain other monosaccharides. (weeksmd.com)

Auxin gradients are established and maintained by polarized distribution of auxin transporters that undergo constitutive endocytic recycling from the PM (plasma membrane) and are essential for the gravitropic response in plants. (portlandpress.com)
SD proteins are known to undergo endocytosis and recycling to maintain the integrity of the filtration structure. (sdbonline.org)
In the case of membrane proteins, they are able to undergo rotational and lateral movement. (rhumbarlv.com)

Neurons, with their distinct neurites, require elaborate membrane trafficking pathways and regulation to uphold neurite identity and to be able to respond to neuronal or developmental stimuli. (sdbonline.org)
The main obstacle is because many protein components of mitochondria are the network hubs of multiple biological pathways. (frontiersin.org)
There are several endocytic pathways that utilize different mechanisms to internalize portions of the plasma membrane. (wormbook.org)

Elucidate the structure, dynamics and functions of intrinsically disordered proteins and protein regions (IDPs/IDRs) and their biological regulation by Post-translational modifications. (upstate.edu)
Membrane proteins are common proteins that are part of, or interact with, biological membranes. (rhumbarlv.com)

We have shown that Ypk1, a member of the AGC class of protein kinases conserved from yeast to humans, is the essential target of and activated via phosphorylation by the plasma membrane-associated TORC2 complex. (berkeley.edu)
Only Triton X-100 soluble MFR-alpha was internalized from the plasma membrane. (rupress.org)
Interestingly, aux depletion causes a dramatic increase in EGFR signaling, with a strong accumulation of EGFR at the plasma membrane and an increased expression of EGFR ligands in response to tissue stress. (sdbonline.org)
In another recent survey by Lin (2008), arrestin-related transport adaptors were also found to target specific plasma-membrane proteins for endocytic downregulation by recruiting the ubiquitin E3 ligase Rsp5. (bioskinrevive.com)
Yeast strains impaired in the endocytic removal of plasma-membrane proteins accumulated Can1 at the plasma membrane, leading to unwanted transporter activity (uptake of toxic canavanine) and impaired development. (bioskinrevive.com)
Fusion of the Cvs7 PY motifs to the arginine transporter Can1 at the plasma membrane led to its constitutive transportation to the vacuole. (bioskinrevive.com)
The research discussed here display the specificity of the Artwork family for different plasma-membrane proteins and, if the affinities for cargo and the concentrations of Artwork family members will vary (for instance, with respect to the environment or the stage of the life span cycle), this might permit the kinetics of internalization to end up being fine-tuned for every cargo. (bioskinrevive.com)
Insulin release involves the packaging of insulin in small (diameter approximate to0.3 mum) secretory granules, the trafficking of these granules to the plasma membrane, the exocytotic fusion of the granules with the plasma membrane and eventually the retrieval of the secreted membranes. (lu.se)
Evidence from a variety of secretory tissues, including pancreatic islet cells suggests, however, that the secretory granules can be functionally divided into distinct pools that are distinguished by their release competence and/or proximity to the plasma membrane. (lu.se)

Pores formed upon USMB treatment are rapidly resealed, suggesting that other processes such as enhanced endocytosis may contribute to the enhanced material uptake by cells upon USMB treatment. (plos.org)
In addition, the rate of fluid-phase endocytosis was enhanced, but with delayed onset upon USMB treatment relative to the enhancement of CME, suggesting that the two processes are distinctly regulated by USMB. (plos.org)
Actin-related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) complex activation by nucleation promoting factors (NPFs) such as WASP, plays an important role in many actin-mediated cellular processes. (elifesciences.org)
These proteins are needed for many other processes in yeast and other cells, including mammalian cells. (elifesciences.org)
Unlike membrane remodeling in classical curvature-dependent processes like clathrin-mediated endocytosis, cristae junctions are most likely shaped by integral membrane proteins. (db-engine.de)

One of the RAB-10-interacting candidates, EHBP-1, an actin-cyskeleton bundling protein, was revealed to function together with RAB-10 in vivo. (rutgers.edu)
In yeast, Arp2/3-mediated actin filament assembly drives endocytic membrane invagination and vesicle scission. (elifesciences.org)
To achieve this, WASP interacts with several other proteins including WIP and myosin, a motor protein that moves along actin filaments to generate mechanical forces. (elifesciences.org)
However, it was not clear how these proteins work together to trigger actin filaments to assemble at the right place and time. (elifesciences.org)
suggest that WASP and WIP play key roles in establishing the network of proteins needed for actin filaments to assemble during endocytosis. (elifesciences.org)

USMB treatment elicits enhanced cellular uptake of materials such as drugs, in part as a result of sheer stress and formation of transient membrane pores. (plos.org)
Fekri F, Delos Santos RC, Karshafian R, Antonescu CN (2016) Ultrasound Microbubble Treatment Enhances Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis and Fluid-Phase Uptake through Distinct Mechanisms. (plos.org)

The reduced-folate-carrier, an integral membrane protein capable of translocating (anti-)folates across membranes, was completely excluded from the Triton X-100-resistant membrane domains. (rupress.org)
Four types of membrane proteins are Integral Membrane Protein, Peripheral Membrane Protein, Transmembrane Protein, and Integral Monotopic Proteins. (rhumbarlv.com)

The latter dileucine motifs were implicated in membrane protein sorting to vacuoles or tonoplasts. (eu.org)
They serve to initiate clathrin-mediated endocytosis or protein sorting and can work synergistically with the adaptin mu subunit binding YxxPhi-type motifs ( TRG_ENDOCYTIC_2 ). (eu.org)
In fungi and plants, dileucine motifs are often responsible for the vacuolar or tonoplast localization of proteins carrying these motifs. (eu.org)
Zinc finger (Znf) domains are relatively small protein motifs which contain multiple finger-like protrusions that make tandem contacts with their target molecule. (embl.de)
They display considerable versatility in binding modes, even between members of the same class (e.g. some bind DNA, others protein), suggesting that Znf motifs are stable scaffolds that have evolved specialised functions. (embl.de)
This resulted in the identification of the yeast proteins category of arrestin-related trafficking adaptors (ARTs)which includes nine members which have conserved arrestin and PY motifs, seven which are predicted to really have the arrestin foldand hence Cvs7 was renamed Artwork1. (bioskinrevive.com)

But appearances can be deceiving: "These so-called intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) can snuggle up to other proteins as if they were soft pillows, thereby manipulate them. (eurekalert.org)

The short-term protein trafficking inhibition and long-term effect on plant growth and survival caused by TE1 were fully reversible upon drug washout. (portlandpress.com)

we would do well once again to follow the lead of physiology and take a good look at some of these intelligently contrived mechanisms of membrane transport. (weeksmd.com)
Understanding how cristae junctions are formed and maintained or in other words, unraveling the molecular mechanisms of membrane remodeling at cristae junctions, is therefore of utmost importance. (db-engine.de)

In this regard, we have recently shown that efficient activation of Ypk1 by TORC2 requires stimulation of TORC2 by the GTP-bound state of a Rab5 GTPase (Vps21/Ypt51) and that, in turn, Rab5-dependent endocytosis may be a mechanism to down-regulate TORC2 signaling after it has been activated. (berkeley.edu)
Mechanism of clathrin-dependent endocytosis. (wormbook.org)
The S Protein is important in both mechanism studies and the development of vaccines and therapeutics such as antibodies and chemical drug compounds. (promocell.com)
Miniscule changes in previously little-noticed flexible segments of the Glut1 protein could lead to severe cellular disturbances - other genetic disorders might be caused by the same mechanism. (eurekalert.org)

The staining of the membrane, cytoplasmic and stroma was assessed according to intensity. (cancerindex.org)
Artwork proteins therefore hyperlink the cytoplasmic tails of particular cargoes to the Rsp5 ubiquitin ligase in response to distinctive endocytic transport indicators. (bioskinrevive.com)

During development, protein trafficking and storage require an extensive reorganization of the endomembrane system. (nature.com)
Consequently, endomembrane-modifying proteins will influence the final grain quality and yield. (nature.com)
Based on proteome annotation and a homology search, 94 proteins associated with the endomembrane system were identified that exhibited significant changes in abundance during grain development. (nature.com)
Thus, endomembrane-modifying proteins within the endomembrane system will have an influence on the final grain quality/yield and recombinant protein production. (nature.com)
The present study characterizes an inhibitor of endomembrane protein trafficking, TE1 (trafficking and endocytosis inhibitor 1/TENin1) that reduces gravitropic root bending in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. (portlandpress.com)

Meyer therefore began by looking into which of the cell's proteins come into contact with flexible mutated protein regions. (eurekalert.org)
The protein was instead in the cell's interior as if it had gotten lost. (eurekalert.org)

Second, altering the MSC state by inducing differentiation into multiple lineages did not affect the exosomal properties or endocytosis but triggered the expression of lineage-specific genes and proteins in vitro and in vivo respectively. (frontiersin.org)

This phase leads to the release of the viral genomic nucleic acid from the protein coat. (bibalex.org)
The RING-variant domain is a C4HC3 zinc-finger like motif found in a number of cellular and viral proteins. (embl.de)
The pathogenicity of some coronaviruses strongly depends on the furin-like cleavage of the S Protein , which seems to worsen the symptoms of viral bronchitis, as well as increase viral pathogenicity. (promocell.com)

Indeed, vacuolin-1 or desipramine treatment prevented the enhancement of CME but not of fluid phase endocytosis upon USMB, suggesting that lysosome exocytosis and acid sphingomyelinase, respectively, are required for the regulation of CME but not fluid phase endocytosis upon USMB treatment. (plos.org)

In a yeast two-hybrid screen for RAB-10-interacting proteins, eight candidates with RAB-10-interacting ability were identified. (rutgers.edu)
addressed this question by studying yeast cells with genetic mutations affecting one or more of these proteins. (elifesciences.org)
These Artwork proteins could become adaptors for the Rsp5 ubiquitin ligase was verified by displaying the power of immobilized WW domains (from Rsp5) to draw down the Artwork buy Clofarabine proteins from yeast lysates. (bioskinrevive.com)

Some of these proteins have been shown both in vivo and in vitro to have ubiquitin E3 ligase activity. (embl.de)

Produced by in vitro bioreactor culture of hybridoma line followed by Protein A affinity chromatography. (antibodiesinc.com)

The assembly of protein complexes and compositional lipid patterning act together to endow cells with the plasticity required to maintain compositional heterogeneity with respect to individual proteins. (biomedcentral.com)

Rab11 is essential for polarized post-Golgi vesicle trafficking to photosensitive membrane rhabdomeres in Drosophila photoreceptors. (sdbonline.org)
These results indicated that both TRAPPII and Pcs are required for eye development, but Pcs functions as the predominant Rab11-GEF for post-Golgi transport to photosensitive membrane rhabdomeres. (sdbonline.org)

This protein may function in exocytosis and endocytosis. (cancerindex.org)

Adhesion of MSCs to DLT molded in silicone and particularly in collagen initiates polygonal morphology and monolayer formation and enhances not only transcription of CEC typical genes such as ZO-1, Na/K-ATPase, PITX2, and COL-8 but also expression of the corresponding proteins. (lww.com)

Intrinsic membrane proteins are tightly embedded in the hydrophobic core, whereas extrinsic membrane proteins associate with their required leaflet. (rhumbarlv.com)

Many existing tissue-engineering approaches focus on delivery of selected proteins (growth factors, transcription factors etc.) or nucleic acids to host or implanted stem cells to achieve lineage specific differentiation. (frontiersin.org)
the virus consists of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA, and a protein coat that envelops that nucleic acid. (bibalex.org)

The C-terminal domain also plays an important role in disassembling the ESCRT-III complex through its interaction with a protein called vacuolar protein sorting 4 (Vps4). (medlineplus.gov)

Characterization of myotubularin-related protein 7 and its binding partner, myotubularin-related protein 9. (nih.gov)

This protein is active in the brain, where it appears to be essential for the survival of nerve cells (neurons). (medlineplus.gov)
As a result, the ESCRT-III complex builds up within cells and disrupts the transport and degradation of other proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
Cancer cells have altered membrane properties, which hamper their ability to take up nanomedicines. (nanowerk.com)
The hormone insulin is recognized as having actions that affect the trans-membrane transport of different substances, particularly glucose, into numerous different kinds of cells. (weeksmd.com)
In my studies, the RAB-10 protein was identified as a key regulator of endocytic recycling upstream of RME-1 in polarized epithelial cells of the Caenorhabditis elegans intestine. (rutgers.edu)
Chemicals must pass through the membrane to enter or exit cells. (visionlearning.com)
We provided experimental data for the applications of Variable-Angle Epifluorescence Microscopy (VAEM) in dissecting protein dynamics in plant cells. (biomedcentral.com)
A further host protease required for activation of the S Protein is Cathepsin L which also facilitates SARS-CoV-2 entry into target cells through an alternative route. (promocell.com)
The S1/S2 activation sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 S Protein requires cleavage by the cellular protease Furin to enable infection of lung cells. (promocell.com)
Because human mesenchymal stem cells are known to be sensitive to their mechanical environments, we investigated the mechanotransductive potential of Descemet membrane-like microtopography (DLT) to differentiate human mesenchymal stem cells into CEC-like cells. (lww.com)
Artificial reproduction of Descemet membrane with respect to topography and similar stiffness offers a potential innovative way to bioengineer a functional CEC monolayer from autologous stem cells. (lww.com)

Anatomy27

Organisms5

Chemicals and Drugs44

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment15

Phenomena and Processes33

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science3

Health Care1

Receptors18

Lipids3

Vesicles6

Process called endocytosis2

Molecules4

Cellular membranes3

Cytoskeleton2

Receptor13

Endosomal4

Pathway10

Macromolecules2

Family of proteins3

Intracellular3

Gene6

Transmembrane proteins1

Cell48

Endosomes1

Abundant1

Molecular Membrane Biology4

Multivesicular bodies2

Interactions6

Regulates2

Undergo3

Pathways3

Biological2

Plasma9

Processes5

Actin5

Uptake2

Integral membran2

Motifs6

Intrinsically disordered1

Inhibition1

Mechanisms of membrane2

Mechanism4

Cytoplasmic2

Endomembrane5

Cell's2

Exosomal1

Viral3

Regulation1

Yeast3

Vivo1

Vitro1

Complexes1

Golgi2

Exocytosis1

Genes1

Extrinsic1

Nucleic2

Vacuolar1

Characterization1

Cells11