• Herein is described procedures implemented in the Caffrey Membrane Structural and Functional Biology Group to harvest and cryo-cool membrane protein crystals grown in lipidic cubic and sponge phases for use in structure determination using macromolecular X-ray crystallography. (jove.com)
  • Combined with a high-throughput procedure for preparation of EM-grids and automation of the subsequent negative staining step, the crystallization block offers a novel pipeline that promises to speed up large-scale screening of 2D crystallization and to increase the likelihood of producing well-ordered crystals for analysis by electron crystallography. (nih.gov)
  • Our research centers around studying membrane proteins involved in disease, using X-ray crystallography and other biophysical techniques, to reveal structural, functional and mechanistic details of membrane proteins that could one day aid in the development of new drugs and vaccines targeted towards membrane proteins. (ualberta.ca)
  • Our technique really opens the door to dealing with microcrystals that have been previously inaccessible, including difficult-to-crystallize cell-surface receptors and other membrane proteins, flexible proteins, and many complex human proteins," said Brookhaven Lab scientist Qun Liu, the corresponding author on the study, which was published on May 3 in IUCrJ, a journal of the International Union of Crystallography. (bnl.gov)
  • Protein crystallography has been a dominant method for solving protein structures since 1958, improving over time as x-ray sources have grown more powerful, allowing more precise structure determinations. (bnl.gov)
  • Three poster prizes sponsored by the IUCr, the RCSB PDB and CrSJ were awarded to young scientists: There was also a pre-meeting satellite on Theoretical Crystallography and Materials Science organized by The IUCr MaThCryst commission in cooperation with the IUCr Commission on Inorganic and Mineral Structures. (iucr.org)
  • X-ray crystallography provides the vast majority of macromolecular structures, but the success of the method relies on growing crystals of sufficient size. (kb.se)
  • Overview of electron crystallography of membrane proteins: crystallization and screening strategies using negative stain electron microscopy. (janelia.org)
  • Electron crystallography is a branch of cryoEM in which structures of proteins can be studied at resolutions that rival those achieved by X-ray crystallography. (janelia.org)
  • Electron crystallography employs two-dimensional crystals of a membrane protein embedded within a lipid bilayer. (janelia.org)
  • took the in situ approach one step further and showed the applicability of room temperature data collection for in meso / in situ crystallization (IMISX) and its use for high-throughput crystallography of membrane proteins crystallized in meso using the LCP technology. (iucr.org)
  • This is the only adaptor-transporter efflux complex structure that has been determined using X-ray crystallography. (case.edu)
  • When membrane proteins are crystallised and X-ray crystallography is used to determine their 3D structure, non protein molecules can often be seen surrounding their hydrophobic regions. (ukri.org)
  • In X-ray crystallography in order to solve 3D structures the diffraction data must be combined with the 'phase' information. (ukri.org)
  • These have been successfully used to visualize these molecules at the surface of two different membrane proteins, reaction centres and light harvesting complexes by X-ray crystallography. (ukri.org)
  • LP3 is colocalised with and closely collaborates with the DEMAX platform of the ESS on production of deuterium labeled biomolecules (proteins, lipids) for neutron scattering experiments and the development of methods for crystal growth for neutron crystallography. (lu.se)
  • LP3 has regular access to regular beamtime at BioMAX, the X-ray macromolecular crystallography beamline of MAX IV), for testing crystals produced at LP3 and to collect datasets. (lu.se)
  • Two-pore domain potassium (K(+)) channels (K2P channels) control the negative resting potential of eukaryotic cells and regulate cell excitability by conducting K(+) ions across the plasma membrane. (rcsb.org)
  • PDZ domain proteins are frequently associated with the plasma membrane, a compartment where high concentrations of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) are found. (embl.de)
  • Disruption of plant plasma membrane by Nep1-like proteins in pathogen/plant interactions. (ki.si)
  • These are tethered to the plasma membrane proteins AE1 (band 3) and glycophorin C through the ankyrin/protein 4.2 complex and through protein 4.1R and its associated actin filaments. (medscape.com)
  • M1-type macrophages predominantly sequester nanoceria near the plasma membrane, whereas nanoceria are more uniformly distributed throughout M2 macrophage cytoplasm. (cdc.gov)
  • Dialysis is generally used for detergent removal and reconstitution of the protein into a lipid bilayer, and devices for testing numerous conditions in parallel are not readily available. (nih.gov)
  • The latter method reconstitutes the protein in a bicontinuous lipid mesophase as crystallization matrix. (hu-berlin.de)
  • Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cyt2Aa forms filamentous oligomers when exposed to lipid membranes or detergents. (ki.si)
  • 2018 ). Through YidC, proteins are inserted into the lipid bilayer via the SecYEG-dependent complex, but YidC functions as a chaperone in protein folding processes. (tcdb.org)
  • The lipid cubic phase (LCP) continues to grow in popularity as a medium in which to generate crystals of membrane proteins for X-ray crystallographic structure determination. (psi.ch)
  • The normal RBC membrane consists of a lipid bilayer, which contains proteins and glycans. (medscape.com)
  • The CusB protein is part of the CusCBA periplasmic Cu(I) efflux system in Gram-negative bacteria, and it was recently reported to play a key role in the functioning of the whole CusCBA system, in which conformational changes as well as the assembly/disassembly process control the opening of the transporter. (biorxiv.org)
  • Here, we report the crystal structures of the Thermotoga maritima FtsH periplasmic domain (PD) in an associative trimeric state at a 1.5-1.95 Å resolution. (preprints.org)
  • Tail-specific protease (Tsp) is a periplasmic enzyme that selectively degrades proteins bearing a nonpolar C-terminus. (embl.de)
  • 2015 . The crystal structure of full-length E. coli YidC revealed that a hydrophilic groove, formed by five transmembrane helices, is a conserved structural feature of YidC, as compared to the previous YidC structure from Bacillus halodurans , which lacks a periplasmic domain. (tcdb.org)
  • 2022 ). The YidC transmembrane (TM) groove is essential for a high- affinity interaction, and the hydrophilic nature of the YidC groove plays an important role in protein transport across the cytoplasmic membrane bilayer to the periplasmic side. (tcdb.org)
  • Typically, RND efflux pumps work in conjunction with a periplasmic membrane fusion protein and an outer membrane channel to form a functional protein efflux system. (case.edu)
  • Outer membrane protein G (OmpG) is a porin, a channel proteins in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • UPTON, NY-Using x-rays to reveal the atomic-scale 3-D structures of proteins has led to countless advances in understanding how these molecules work in bacteria, viruses, plants, and humans-and has guided the development of precision drugs to combat diseases such as cancer and AIDS. (bnl.gov)
  • An antibody ( Ab ), also known as an immunoglobulin ( Ig ), [1] is a large, Y-shaped protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses . (wikipedia.org)
  • The TrkH/TrkG/KtrB proteins mediate K(+) uptake in bacteria and probably evolved from simple K(+) channels by multiple gene duplications or fusions. (rostlab.org)
  • The epithelial cells that line the intestine have been found to sense tight attachment of bacteria, and to respond by producing proteins that shape the effector functions of the immune system's T H 17 cells. (natureasia.com)
  • While the "classical" animal Rhodopsin in the photoreceptor cell of the eye represents prototypical G-protein coupled receptors, microbial Rhodopsins prevalently present in Achaea, Bacteria, and lower Eukaryotes show a wide variation of functionalities [1]. (hu-berlin.de)
  • Bacteria also export (to the periplasm) N-tails of membrane proteins synthesized without leader sequences by a Sec (Type IIPS)-independent mechanism. (tcdb.org)
  • Homologues of the yeast Oxa1 protein are found in chloroplasts of plants and in a wide variety of bacteria. (tcdb.org)
  • I am also very interested in developing a cryo-EM methodology to study membrane proteomes of Gram-negative bacteria. (case.edu)
  • Electron microscopy of two-dimensional (2D) crystals has demonstrated potential for structure determination of membrane proteins. (nih.gov)
  • Here we present a method for structure determination where single-crystal X-ray diffraction 'snapshots' are collected from a fully hydrated stream of nanocrystals using femtosecond pulses from a hard-X-ray free-electron laser, the Linac Coherent Light Source. (kb.se)
  • This offers a new approach to structure determination of macromolecules that do not yield crystals of sufficient size for studies using conventional radiation sources or are particularly sensitive to radiation damage. (kb.se)
  • The workshop consists of introductory lectures, followed by hands-on practicals on methods for growing crystals of membrane proteins by the in meso or LCP method, for collecting serial diffraction data on micro-crystals directly in situ and for processing the data most efficiently for high-resolution structure determination. (psi.ch)
  • As such, we provide services and make equipment available in the areas of recombinant protein production, crystallisation, biophysical characterization, and structure determination. (lu.se)
  • LP3 is a unique entry point and partner for both research aiming at conventional x-ray protein structure determination, as well as for enabling research using neutron scattering techniques that require deuterated bioreagents. (lu.se)
  • LP3 and PPS offer services for the entire process chain of production, purification, characterization, protein crystallisation and protein structure determination and structure refinement, or each individual step in the chain. (lu.se)
  • and protein carbonyl, IL-1beta, and caspase-1 determination. (cdc.gov)
  • PDZ domains can occur in one or multiple copies and are nearly always found in cytoplasmic proteins. (embl.de)
  • In the following, we refer to pump of halophilic archaebacteria, has become the these as the extracellular (EC) channel and the paradigm of membrane proteins in general and ion cytoplasmic (CP) channel. (lu.se)
  • G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are membrane proteins that transmit the effects of extracellular ligands to effect changes in the intracellular G-protein signaling system. (gauss-centre.eu)
  • Nickel ABC transporter, substrate-binding protein NikA / Solute-binding protein family 5, conserved site / Bacterial extracellular solute-binding proteins, family 5 signature. (pdbj.org)
  • including improvements in membrane protein overexpression, stabilization of proteins using antibodies or thermostabilizing mutations, and the enhancement of crystallization technologies such as crystallization in lipidic cubic phase (LCP, in meso crystallization). (iucr.org)
  • For crystallisation, the facility is equipped with state-of-the-art nanolitre pipetting equipment with capability to handle lipidic cubic phases for membrane proteins, as well as a plate hotels with the capacity to store and automatically image crystallisation plates. (lu.se)
  • This study used two different membrane proteins (the β -barrel AlgE and the α -helical protein PepT St ) and lysozyme for their demonstration of proof-of-principle. (iucr.org)
  • These heavy atoms 'tagged' lipids and detergents will be tested to see if they can provide a new general method for 'phasing' diffraction data with crystals of membrane proteins. (ukri.org)
  • These mitochondrial responses are governed by general principles of regulatory biology exemplified by changes in gene expression, protein translation, protein complex formation, transmembrane transport, enzymatic activities and metabolite levels. (nature.com)
  • The analysis of mutations now allows us to narrow the search for functionally important regions to the short N-terminal helix, two transmembrane domains of the protein, and the loop between them. (usda.gov)
  • In addition, we have determined two mutant structures of the CusC efflux channel to identify conformational changes accompanying the folding and transmembrane channel formation of this outer membrane protein. (case.edu)
  • Electron cryomicroscopy, or cryoEM, is an emerging technique for studying the three-dimensional structures of proteins and large macromolecular machines. (janelia.org)
  • We combine biophysical and structural methods (e.g., cryo-EM), protein engineering, and in vivo approaches to understand how enveloped viruses infect host cells and elicit antigen-specific immune responses. (stanford.edu)
  • Chaperone cascades coordinate the capture and handover of substrate proteins from the ribosomes to the target membranes, yet the mechanistic and structural details of these processes remain unclear. (caltech.edu)
  • At different stages of the insertion process, conformational changes in YidC's TM domain and membrane core have a mechanistic effect on Pf3 coat protein insertion. (tcdb.org)
  • However, agonist-dependent activation of cell surface receptors is sometimes required to promote interaction with a PDZ protein. (embl.de)
  • In this work, we show that substrate recognition of Tsp is mediated by a PDZ domain, a small protein module that promotes protein-protein interactions by binding to internal or C-terminal sequences of their partner proteins. (embl.de)
  • The study of MscL, a highly convenient model system, will give us basic understanding and the first example of what type of intramolecular interactions, sequence motifs, and conformations make membrane proteins sensitive to a physiologically relevant mechanical stimulation. (usda.gov)
  • Elliptocytes and poikilocytes are postulated to be permanently fixed in their abnormal shape because the weakened membrane interactions facilitate skeletal reorganization after prolonged or repetitive cellular deformation. (medscape.com)
  • The NS1 structures reveal distinct domains for membrane association of the dimer and interactions with the immune system and are a basis for elucidating the molecular mechanism of NS1 function. (nih.gov)
  • In many cases these interactions are actually essential for the protein to function correctly. (ukri.org)
  • Non-cellular assessment of nanoparticle durability, protein interactions, complement activation, and pro-oxidant activity is also considered. (cdc.gov)
  • Among the bacterial systems available, the Gram-positive lactic bacterium, Lactococcus lactis , traditionally used in food fermentations, is nowadays widely used for large-scale production and functional characterization of bacterial and eukaryotic membrane proteins. (springer.com)
  • Mitochondria inherited three inner membrane translocases Sec, TAT and Oxa1 (YidC) from its bacterial ancestor. (tcdb.org)
  • Interestingly, certain RND membrane proteins are also involved in cell wall biogenesis to remodel and strengthen bacterial cell walls to withstand harsh environmental conditions. (case.edu)
  • We determined the structures of Burkholderia multivorans HpnN and Mycobacterium smegmatis MmpL3 transporters, which play major roles in remodeling the cell envelopes of these two bacterial species. (case.edu)
  • We will synthesise heavy atom tagged lipids and detergents and add these to the crystals. (ukri.org)
  • It is frustrating therefore that many crystal structures of membrane proteins so reveal non-proton electron densities around the protein's hydrophobic surfaces but usually only part of the lipids or detergents are seen, and so these electron densities cannot be unambiguous assigned. (ukri.org)
  • Use of these heavy atoms tagged lipids and detergents could in principle allow the 'phases' to be solved and to provide a new general route to 'phasing' crystal structures of membrane proteins. (ukri.org)
  • The aim of this chapter is to describe the different possibilities for the functional characterization of peripheral or intrinsic membrane proteins expressed in Lactococcus lactis . (springer.com)
  • The mini symposia covered Imagery and Nanometric Diffraction, Signalisation and Cellular Regulation, Crystallochemistry, Infections, Compounds of Pharmacology Interest, Proteins and Membranes, Coupled Characterization, Compounds of Biomedical Interest, Surface and interface and Structural Biology under Extreme Conditions. (iucr.org)
  • Mitochondria import nuclearly-encoded proteins, made in the cell cytoplasm, into the mitochondrial matrix where their mitochondrial targeting sequences are removed by proteolysis. (tcdb.org)
  • These changes can promote mitochondrial biogenesis and membrane dynamics that in turn support mitochondrial respiration. (nature.com)
  • Analogous regulation of other chaperones or targeting factors could provide a general mechanism for ensuring effective substrate capture during protein biogenesis. (caltech.edu)
  • In vivo evolution of the K. pneumoniae sequence type 512 resistome occurred through plasmid loss, outer membrane porin alteration, and a nonsense mutation in the cirA siderophore receptor gene, resulting in high levels of cefiderocol resistance. (cdc.gov)
  • LP3 is the only academic protein production platform in Sweden providing specialisation in protein production using the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS, insect cells) and perdeuteration of biological macromolecules. (lu.se)
  • Wuxian Shi, Martin Fuchs, Sean McSweeney, Babak Andi, and Qun Liu at the FMX beamline at Brookhaven Lab's National Synchrotron Light Source II, which was used to determine a protein structure from thousands of tiny crystals. (bnl.gov)
  • To tackle this challenge, scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Brookhaven National Laboratory and colleagues at Columbia University have developed a new approach for solving protein structures from tiny crystals. (bnl.gov)
  • But tiny crystals, by definition, don't have that many copies of the protein of interest. (bnl.gov)
  • So instead of looking for diffraction and phase information from repeat copies of a protein in a single large crystal, the Brookhaven/Columbia team developed a way to take measurements from many tiny crystals, and then assemble the collective data. (bnl.gov)
  • To handle the tiny crystals, the team developed sample grids patterned with micro-sized wells. (bnl.gov)
  • Major problems often arise because membrane proteins frequently form tiny crystals, which either cannot be improved in size or which can be improved in size, but, as a consequence, lose diffraction quality. (iucr.org)
  • However, the elimination of these toxic proteins from the hydrophobic membrane environment has high energetic barriers. (preprints.org)
  • These proteins are difficult to express, they are highly hydrophobic and therefore require detergent micelles to be stabilized in solution. (hu-berlin.de)
  • A liquid-handling robot was employed to set up 2D crystallization trials with the membrane proteins CopA from Archaeoglobus fulgidus and light-harvesting complex II (LH2) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. (nih.gov)
  • Crystal structure of a potassium ion transporter, TrkH. (rostlab.org)
  • We have also resolved the crystal structure of the CusBA adaptor-transporter efflux complex. (case.edu)
  • Furthermore, the small size of resulting 2D crystals requires electron microscopy to evaluate the results and automation of the necessary steps is essential to achieve a reasonable throughput. (nih.gov)
  • To that end, we have recently developed a cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) methodology termed "Build and Retrieve" (BaR) that allows us to simultaneously solve structures of a variety of proteins from heterogeneous samples. (case.edu)
  • The NS1 hexamer in crystal structures is similar to a solution hexamer visualized by single-particle electron microscopy. (nih.gov)
  • Biofilms were formed in a 96-well static microplate model and assayed using both tetrazolium-salt reduction and crystal violet assays, as well as examination by scanning electron microscopy. (who.int)
  • We present a crystal structure of a yeast Get3-Get4-Get5 complex in an ATP-bound state and show how Get4 primes Get3 by promoting the optimal configuration for substrate capture. (caltech.edu)
  • Its substrate specificity suggests that Tsp may contain a substrate recognition domain, which selectively binds to the nonpolar C-termini of substrate proteins, separate from its catalytic site. (embl.de)
  • The use of a separate substrate recognition domain such as a PDZ domain may be a general mechanism for achieving selective protein degradation. (embl.de)
  • The structures reveal a positively charged substrate-translocation pathway lacking protonatable residues, suggesting that NarK functions as a nitrate/nitrite exchanger and that protons are unlikely to be co-transported. (janelia.org)
  • Based on primary sequence comparisons, β subunits are predicted to be modular structures composed of five domains (A-E) that are related to the large family of membrane-associated guanylate kinase proteins. (jneurosci.org)
  • But many proteins can't be grown into crystals large enough for their atomic arrangements to be deciphered. (bnl.gov)
  • Breakthrough measurements of a rare decay process in an excited barium nucleus pave the way for the development of techniques that probe the structure and decay modes of atomic nuclei. (natureasia.com)
  • When large and well-ordered crystals are obtained, the structures of both protein and its surrounding membrane can be determined to atomic resolution. (janelia.org)
  • This approach was very successfully implemented to obtain highly diffracting crystals from microbial Rhodopsin and GPCR [6]. (hu-berlin.de)
  • Crystal structures often deviate from the natural system: Proteins, especially membrane-bound ones, do not necessarily crystallize in their biologically active structures and the measures needed to obtain suitable GPCR crystals tend to increase the diversity between the natural environment and the crystal. (gauss-centre.eu)
  • Prompt removal of misfolded membrane proteins and misassembled membrane protein complexes is essential for membrane homeostasis. (preprints.org)
  • We prove this concept with nanocrystals of photosystem I, one of the largest membrane protein complexes. (kb.se)
  • Magenta mesh patterns surrounding sulfur atoms intrinsic to the protein (yellow spheres) indicate the anomalous signals that were extracted using low-energy x-ray diffraction of thousands of crystals measuring less than 10 millionths of a meter, the size of a bacterium. (bnl.gov)
  • Differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) that measures the intrinsic fluorescence from your protein (Tryptophans and Tyrosines), hence no reporter dye is needed. (lu.se)
  • Until a few years ago, the standard method was to grow crystals from proteins and investigate those using X-ray diffraction. (rug.nl)
  • It is very difficult to grow crystals from proteins that are embedded in the cell membrane and for OpuA, it turned out to be impossible. (rug.nl)
  • And you cannot grow crystals amidst such diversity. (rug.nl)
  • The next step will be to grow crystals large enough for neutron studies. (lu.se)
  • To determine a protein structure, scientists measure how x-rays like those generated at NSLS-II diffract, or bounce off, the atoms in an ordered crystalline lattice consisting of many copies of the same protein molecule all arrayed the same way. (bnl.gov)
  • MscL, a mechanosensitive channel of large conductance, was the first isolated molecule shown to respond to membrane stretch by opening a large aqueous pore. (usda.gov)
  • Here, we report that mutations of an IRES domain that docks in the 40S subunit's decoding groove cause only a local perturbation in IRES structure and result in conformational changes in the IRES-rabbit 40S subunit complex. (janelia.org)
  • Functionally, the mutations decrease IRES activity by inhibiting the first ribosomal translocation event, and modeling results suggest that this effect occurs through an interaction with a single ribosomal protein. (janelia.org)
  • A minority of cases are due mutations of protein 4.1R, ankyrin, or glycophorin C. The result of these mutations is a mechanically unstable membrane that is less tolerant of shear stress and susceptible to permanent deformation. (medscape.com)
  • These molecules could either be lipids or detergent molecules, that were used to isolate the proteins from their membranes. (ukri.org)
  • The results of this study will be very useful in helping to understand the molecular details of how membrane proteins interact with lipids. (ukri.org)
  • There is a great deal of current interest in trying to understand the molecular details of how membrane proteins interact with lipids. (ukri.org)
  • These studies have unequivocally allow lipids and detergent molecules to be visualized and have shown the their binding sites at the surface of these proteins are promiscuous. (ukri.org)
  • The methods developed in this project will allow a n much better understanding of the arrangement of lipids around the surface of membrane proteins. (ukri.org)
  • This is a very important issue since many of these lipids affect the function of the membrane proteins tio which they are bound. (ukri.org)
  • LP3 is a separate entity within the existing administrative structure of the Department of Biology and follows the working and delegation principles of the Faculty of Science. (lu.se)
  • Membrane Fusion Proteins" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
  • Here we propose that succinate has evolved as a signaling modality because its concentration reflects the coenzyme Q (CoQ) pool redox state, a central redox couple confined to the mitochondrial inner membrane. (nature.com)
  • They then export some of these proteins as well some mitochondrially-encoded proteins to the inter membrane space, or they insert them into the inner membrane. (tcdb.org)
  • LP3 is fully equipped for recombinant protein production in E. coli and insect cells (BEVS) and protein purification using state of the art chromatography systems. (lu.se)
  • The amino acid, polyamine, and organocation (APC) superfamily is the second largest superfamily of membrane proteins forming secondary transporters that move a range of organic molecules across the cell membrane. (rcsb.org)
  • Various expression systems are used to obtain a protein sample suitable for crystallization, including the pichia pastoris and insect cell/baculovirus system. (hu-berlin.de)
  • The diffraction images collected from single crystals can be used to calculate the electron density map of the crystal unit cell which finally allows to model the three dimensional structure of the crystallized protein. (hu-berlin.de)
  • Modelling the role of membrane mechanics in cell adhesion on titanium oxide nanotubes. (ki.si)
  • Zinc ions have shown antiviral properties, but a key issue for their use for antiviral therapy is its difficulty, as a divalent metal ion, to cross the cell membrane and thus reach its targets inside the cell. (gauss-centre.eu)
  • Since I began my tenure track position in 2004, I have developed a highly successful independent research program that focuses on the structure, assembly, and mechanism of the resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND)-superfamily efflux pumps as well as the factors that regulate their expression. (case.edu)
  • These two cell wall remodeling machinery structures were separately published in the journal PNAS in 2017 and 2019. (case.edu)
  • For example, parts that we believed to be on the inside of the cell membrane sat on the outside. (rug.nl)
  • The protein primarily responds to ionic strength, which varies as a function of osmotic stress, but it uses cyclic di-AMP as a second brake to completely stop importing glycine betaine and prevent the cell from exploding under non-stress conditions. (rug.nl)
  • Structural analyses revealed that the fks1 mutant biofilms were generally less dense and had a clear predominance of yeast and pseudohyphae, with unusual "pit"-like cell surface structures. (who.int)
  • It also links actin to many other proteins to perform various functions within the cell, including the cell signaling that helps determine how the cytoskeleton will change as tissues grow and take shape during development. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It is active (expressed) in the cell membranes of cartilage-forming cells (chondrocytes). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Ultrastructural analysis of infected Vero cells showed the virions within cell vesicles and around the cell membrane. (cdc.gov)
  • A more accurate depiction of an antibody (3D structure at RCSB PDB ). (wikipedia.org)
  • Despite decades of effort no structure is currently available for any nitrate transport protein and the mechanism by which nitrate is transported remains largely unknown. (janelia.org)
  • The protein belongs to the well-known family of ABC transporters, but it has a unique structure and working mechanism. (rug.nl)
  • Hydrogens play a crucial role for protein function and involved in almost every mechanism. (lu.se)
  • They are critical in understanding the function of various proton pumps such as bacteriorhodopsin (BR) and cytochrome oxidase C. Their light or redox driven action and unidirectional proton pumping mechanism motivates the structural study of these membrane proteins. (lu.se)
  • Physicochemical properties that may be important in understanding the toxic effects of test materials include particle size and size distribution, agglomeration state, shape, crystal structure, chemical composition, surface area, surface chemistry, surface charge, and porosity. (cdc.gov)
  • The matrix exposed C-terminal α-helical domain of Oxa1 can bind mitochondrial ribosomes to facilitate co-translational insertion of proteins into the mitochondrial membrane ( Jia et al . (tcdb.org)
  • Based on the amino acid sequence and the structure of other ABC transporters, the scientist compiled a model of the structure, but this could not explain the way that OpuA functioned. (rug.nl)
  • Both AmTrac and MepTrac are composed of a circularly permuted enhanced green fluorescent protein (cpEGFP) inserted into the central loop of plant or yeast AMT/MEP ammonium transporters. (elifesciences.org)
  • The sequence identity among all species is about 30%, and their structures and functions should be similar in all microbes. (biorxiv.org)
  • Towards in silico CLIP-seq : predicting protein-RNA interaction via sequence-to-signal learning. (ki.si)
  • a small section of the protein sequence, resulting in an abnormal protein. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Topics included Modeling of Aperiodic Crystal Structures, the Formation of Limestone by Invertebrates, Technological Revolutions (Methods, sources and detection), Time-resolved Structures and Structures and disorders. (iucr.org)
  • have published methods that make a major contribution to addressing these problems, which will facilitate high-resolution data-collection of fragile crystals. (iucr.org)
  • Antibodies are heavy (~150 k Da ) proteins of about 10 nm in size, [7] arranged in three globular regions that roughly form a Y shape. (wikipedia.org)
  • Figuring out what shapes proteins fold into is known as the "protein folding problem", and has stood as a grand challenge in biology for the past 50 years. (oreilly.com)
  • 2] Oesterhelt D.,Stoeckenius W. (1971) "Rhodopsin-like Protein from the Purple Membrane of Halobacterium halobium " Nature New Biology, 233: 149-152. (hu-berlin.de)
  • This protein family is one of the largest known in biology. (rug.nl)
  • From the MRD data, the rotational correlation time of detergent-solubilized BR was determined to 35 ns at 300 K, con- sistent with a monomeric protein in complex with about 150 detergent molecules. (lu.se)
  • Protein Expr Purif, 172, pp. 105637. (unipv.it)