• Outer membrane porin D is a protein family containing bacterial outer membrane porins which are involved in transport of cationic amino acids, peptides, antibiotics and other compounds. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane (OM) is a unique bilayer that forms an efficient permeation barrier to protect the cell from noxious compounds 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
  • These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, intermembrane space , inner membrane , cristae , and matrix . (wikipedia.org)
  • The membranes of the mitochondrion divide the organelle into two distinct compartments: one within the interior of the mitochondrion, called the matrix , and a second between the inner and outer membranes, called the intermembrane space . (fact-archive.com)
  • Because of the porosity of the outer membrane, the intermembrane space is equivalent to the cytosol in its small-molecule composition. (flashcardmachine.com)
  • Molecular dynamics simulations of membranes with embedded proteins and peptides: porin, alamethicin and influenza virus M2. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Functional characterization of KPC-109 was performed investigating the impact of KPC-109 production on the β-lactam resistance phenotype of various Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains, including derivatives of K. pneumoniae with OmpK35 and OmpK36 porin alterations. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • The genes that encode the main porins in K. pneumoniae, ompK35 and ompK36, and several beta-lactamase genes were analyzed. (bvsalud.org)
  • By reconstituting an OmpF porin in an artificial lipid bilayer and applying an electric field across, we are able to elucidate the permeation of molecules, and their mechanism of transport. (chemrxiv.org)
  • Peculiarities of Thermal Denaturation of OmpF Porin from Yersinia Ruck" by Olga D. Novikova, Dmitry K. Chistyulin et al. (usf.edu)
  • Using SDS-PAGE, spectroscopic methods and differential scanning calorimetry, a detailed study of thermally induced changes in the spatial structure of OmpF porin from the fish pathogen Yersinia ruckeri (Yr-OmpF) was carried out. (usf.edu)
  • The lipid bilayer of cell membranes is impermeable to large and polar molecules but permeable to water molecules and other small uncharged molecules like O 2 and CO 2 . (wikibooks.org)
  • The availability of free energy is one of the factors that determine if a molecule will move across a membrane, the other being the permeability of the molecule in the lipid bilayer. (wikibooks.org)
  • Three systems are known to maintain OM lipid asymmetry: the OM phospholipase A 2 PldA 7 , the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) palmitoyl transferase PagP 8 and the Mla (maintenance of outer membrane lipid asymmetry) system. (nature.com)
  • A carbon nanotube porin embedded in a lipid bilayer with an anion (green) at the entrance of the carbon nanotube porin. (phys.org)
  • The B domain includes two functional domains: a receptor-binding domain, which defines the tropism of a toxin for a cell and a translocation domain that delivers the A domain across a lipid bilayer, either on the plasma membrane or the endosome. (springer.com)
  • H. pylori attaches and colonizes to the human epithelium using some of their outer membrane proteins (OMPs). (nature.com)
  • Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of H. pylori play a crucial role in the host-pathogen interaction, virulence and pathogenesis. (nature.com)
  • Hom (Helicobacter outer membrane) family of OMPs in H. pylori consists of four members (HomA, B, C and D). In the H. pylori genome jhp 0870 open-reading frame (ORF) that codes for HomB outer membrane protein is associated with many stomach diseases and is a novel co-marker for peptic ulcer disease (PUD) 9 , 10 . (nature.com)
  • Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are distinctive features of Gram-negative bacteria. (nature.com)
  • The high-affinity interaction of LF with pore-forming outer-membrane proteins (OMPs) of Gram-negative enterics, including Escherichia coli , is critical for the antimicrobial outcome of LF (Gado et al. (ift.org)
  • MlaC probably accepts a phospholipid from MlaA and shuttles it to the ABC transporter for ATP-dependent plasma membrane insertion 5 . (nature.com)
  • It also functions as a ferricyanide reductase in the PLASMA MEMBRANE. (bvsalud.org)
  • This nonchromosomal DNA encodes a small number of mitochondrial peptides (13 in humans) that are integrated into the inner mitochondrial membrane, along with polypeptides encoded by genes that reside in the host cell's nucleus . (fact-archive.com)
  • Resistance to quinolones occurs through chromosomal mutations in the genes encoding these enzymes and by porin and efflux mutations. (cdc.gov)
  • Comparative virulome analysis among available E. marmotae genomes revealed the presence of capsule K1 genes mostly in pathogenic isolates and OmpA porin presence among all strains. (bvsalud.org)
  • This asymmetry is maintained by the Mla pathway, a six-component system that is widespread in Gram-negative bacteria and is thought to mediate retrograde transport of misplaced phospholipids from the outer leaflet of the OM to the cytoplasmic membrane 4 . (nature.com)
  • Strong Differential Monovalent Anion Selectivity in Narrow Diameter Carbon Nanotube Porins, ACS Nano (2020). (phys.org)
  • With about 10 000 copies per cell the voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs) are the most abundant proteins of the mitochondrial outer membrane and are known to be involved in mitochondrial processes such as ATP-, calcium or ROS-transport. (uni-marburg.de)
  • 2004). A novel outer-membrane anion channel (porin) as part of a putatively two-component transport system for 4-toluenesulphonate in Comamonas testosteroni T-2. (tcdb.org)
  • Voltage-dependent anion channel 1 is the major pore-forming protein of the mitochondrial outer membrane. (bvsalud.org)
  • Solid-state NMR (ssNMR) is a versatile technique that can provide high-resolution (sub-angstrom) structural data for integral membrane proteins embedded in native and model membrane environments. (nih.gov)
  • The outer mitochondrial membrane contains numerous integral proteins called porins , which contain a relatively large internal channel (about 2-3 nm ) and allow ions and small molecules to move in and out of the mitochondrion. (fact-archive.com)
  • Structural and modeling data, for example, identify TprK as an integral outer membrane porin with the V regions exposed on the pathogen's surface. (biorxiv.org)
  • However, in the presence of porin alterations commonly encountered in high-risk clonal lineages of K. pneumoniae, KPC-109 was able to confer clinical-level resistance to carbapenems as well. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Mutations that result in alterations of the outer membrane porin proteins of Gram-negative organisms lead to decreased permeability of the drug through the outer membrane so less drug reaches the target enzyme. (cdc.gov)
  • Organisms may have alterations in more than one enzyme target site and, in Gram-negative organisms, may contain more than one porin change. (cdc.gov)
  • Osmosis is very important in biological systems because many membranes are semipermeable. (wikibooks.org)
  • The PEG membrane provides high biological particles separation and prevents sample for clogging due to the strong hydration of functional polymers layer and their resistance to protein adsorption. (llnl.gov)
  • Their unique hourglass-shaped architecture is highly conserved among different bacterial membrane proteins and other biological channels. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • We have found that the major outer membrane protein of these organisms, the Neisserial porin PorB, can work as an immune adjuvant due to it recognition by the pattern recognition receptor TOLL-like receptor (TLR) 2. (bu.edu)
  • Virulome analysis of M-12 isolate revealed the presence of the following factors: siderophores, heme uptake systems, capsule synthesis, curli and type I fimbriae, flagella proteins, OmpA porin, etc. (bvsalud.org)
  • The outer boundary of a mitochondrion contains two functionally distinct membranes: the outer mitochondrial membrane and the inner mitochondrial membrane . (fact-archive.com)
  • The data obtained allowed us to conclude unambiguously that changes in the spatial structure of the monomers of Yr-OmpF precede the dissociation of the porin trimer. (usf.edu)
  • The enzyme target site, porin, and efflux mutations may result from the selective pressure of exposure of the organism to antimicrobial agents during therapy and may cause treatment failure. (cdc.gov)
  • Many resistant organisms have multiple enzyme target site, porin, and efflux mutations, producing high-level resistance to quinolones. (cdc.gov)
  • There exists an exchange of molecules and ions in and out of the cell wall, as well as in and out of membrane-bounded intracellular compartments such as the nucleus, ER, and mitrochondria. (wikibooks.org)
  • To solve this problem, the cell membrane contains proteins that are selective for unique, water soluble molecules. (wikibooks.org)
  • When ΔG is positive the transport is active, an input of energy is needed to move a molecule up a concentration gradient, contrary to ΔG being negative the transport is passive, which means that such molecules will pass through a membrane down their own gradient, simple diffusion. (wikibooks.org)
  • Diffusion is the process by which molecules migrate over the cell membrane from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. (wikibooks.org)
  • We quantitatively describe the electroosmotic velocity component experienced by the substrates, and their diffusion coefficients inside the porin with an estimate of the energy barrier experienced by the molecules, caused by the interaction with the channel wall, slowing down the permeation by several orders of magnitude. (chemrxiv.org)
  • Large molecules, however, cannot traverse the outer membrane. (fact-archive.com)
  • almost all ions and molecules require special membrane transporters to enter or exit the matrix. (fact-archive.com)
  • Here we present a theoretical framework for analysing the filter of general porins in relation to translocating molecules with the aid of enhanced molecular simulations quantitatively. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • The fluoroquinolone susceptibility profile for each clinical isolate is determined by the number and location of mutational changes in specific enzyme target sites, porin proteins, and efflux mechanisms. (cdc.gov)
  • The inner mitochondrial membrane is thrown into folds, or cristae , that project inward. (fact-archive.com)
  • The cristae surface houses the machinery needed for aerobic respiration and ATP formation, and their folded form increases that capacity by increasing the surface area of the inner mitochondrial membrane. (fact-archive.com)
  • This has important functional implications because it would result in a locally greater pH gradient across cristal membranes than across inner membranes that are not part of cristae, thereby significantly influencing the rate of oxidative phosphorylation (Section 18-3). (flashcardmachine.com)
  • In Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP), modifications in the porin OmpK36 are implicated in increasing resistance to carbapenems. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • RÉSUMÉ L'émergence et la propagation rapide des souches de Klebsiella pneumoniae résistantes aux antibiotiques et porteuses du gène blaKPC codant la production de carbapénèmases ont compliqué la prise en charge des infections des patients. (who.int)
  • La présente étude menée dans un hôpital de soins tertiaires en Égypte a utilisé la méthode de PCR en temps réel pour évaluer la présence du gène blaKPC dans les isolats de K. pneumoniae non sensibles à l'ertapénème, puis a comparé les résultats à l'aide du test de Hodge modifié. (who.int)
  • KPC prévalence de la non sensibilité à l'ertapénème dans un hôpital de soins tertiaires en Égypte était principalement imputable aux mécanismes de résistance médiés par les carbapénèmases dans les isolats de K. pneumoniae . (who.int)
  • The outer mitochondrial membrane completely encloses the organelle, serving as its outer boundary. (fact-archive.com)
  • The outer mitochondrial membrane, which encloses the entire organelle, is composed of about 50% phospholipids by weight and contains a variety of enzymes involved in such diverse activities such as the oxidation of epinephrine (adrenaline), the degradation of tryptophan , and the elongation of fatty acids . (fact-archive.com)
  • The _____ membrane encloses the stroma, a concentrated solution of ______, including those required for ______ synthesis. (flashcardmachine.com)
  • After proteolytic activation on the host cell surface, PA forms a membrane-inserting heptamer that translocates the toxic enzymes, oedema factor and lethal factor, into the cytosol. (rcsb.org)
  • Seeing differential selectivity for diverse anions is important because of the need to design very selective membranes that could separate these ions," said LLNL scientist Alex Noy, lead author of the article. (phys.org)
  • These results provide additional insights on the mechanism of ion selectivity in these pores and also point to the factors that researchers need to take into account when designing artificial ion-selective channels and membranes. (phys.org)
  • Gonorrhea is a purulent infection of the mucous membrane surfaces caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. (medscape.com)
  • There are still some contradictory data on the peculiarities of the conformational changes in the porin structure with temperature. (usf.edu)
  • In contrast, organisms with decreased susceptibility produced only by porin changes usually have lower minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). (cdc.gov)
  • Passive transport is the moving of biochemicals across membranes of cells without the use of chemical energy. (wikibooks.org)
  • The mechanism of transport through porins is of utmost and direct interest for drug discovery, extending toward nanotechnology applications for blue energy, separations, and sequencing. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • proteins mediating electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation are bound in the inner mitochondrial membrane, so the respiration rate varies with membrane surface area. (flashcardmachine.com)
  • Dr. Eren received her Ph.D. from Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), where she studied metal transport mechanisms across membranes by P-type ATPases. (nih.gov)
  • The team used fluorescence assays and stopped-flow spectrometry to determine the permeability of four monovalent anions (chloride, bromide, iodide and thiocynate) through narrow 0.8 nanometer-diameter carbon nanotube porins (CNTPs). (phys.org)
  • I am particularly interested in studying the underlying transportation mechanisms in Outer Membrane protein F that acts as one of the main routes of penetration of antibiotics inside bacteria. (lu.se)
  • Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMV) are receiving great attention as vaccine platforms. (mdpi.com)
  • For charged species, an electrical potential is generated by an unequal distribution of ion charges across the membrane because "like" charges will be repelled. (wikibooks.org)
  • The observation of this strong differential selectivity is based on a mechanism that is unique to the nanometer-scale pores and thus could open up a possibility to design membranes with selectivity to the other kinds of chemical species," said Zhongwu Li, the first author of the paper. (phys.org)
  • The outer membrane protein F (OprF), which works as a porin and plays an essential role in virulence, is one of P. aeruginosa's most important antigens. (tsijournals.com)
  • We assume that the K1 capsule and OmpA porin play a key role in the virulence of E. marmotae. (bvsalud.org)
  • This review describes the spectroscopic experiments and data analysis methods (including assignment) used to generate high-resolution structural data for membrane proteins. (nih.gov)
  • Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane. (wikibooks.org)
  • This invention consists of a functionalized membrane (e.g. polyethylene glycol (PEG)) and osmosis or electric potential as a driving force. (llnl.gov)
  • Mitochondria have a double membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used throughout the cell as a source of chemical energy . (wikipedia.org)
  • The invaginations of the inner mitochondrial membrane & reflects the respiratory activity of the cell. (flashcardmachine.com)
  • We propose a model of pH-dependent membrane insertion involving the formation of a porin-like, membrane-spanning beta-barrel. (rcsb.org)
  • During her postdoctoral studies at the University of Massachusetts Medical School (UMASS), she focused on the structure and function of outer membrane proteins, mainly Occ-family of porins from P. aeruginosa , and their role in bacterial pathogenesis and antibiotic resistance. (nih.gov)
  • However, the techniques are now being applied to large, polytopic membrane proteins including receptors, ion channels, and porins. (nih.gov)
  • The inner mitochondrial membrane, in contrast, contains more than 100 different polypeptides , and has a very high protein to phospholipid ratio (more than 3:1 by weight, which is about 1 protein for 15 phospholipids). (fact-archive.com)